Author Archives: Anthony

2014 Jul – 2015 Feb: Canungra Creek (Qld). Pesticides: Chlorpyrifos, Triclopyr, 2,4-D, Simazine

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Canungra Creek Offtake include:  Chlorpyrifos, Triclopyr, 2,4-D, Simazine

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, 2,4-D, pp-DDE, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Canungra Creek Offtake include:  Chlorpyrifos, Triclopyr, 2,4-D, Simazine

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, 2,4-D, pp-DDE, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

2014 Jul -2015 Feb: Rathdowney Weir (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Rathdowney Weir include:  Triclopyr, 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Endosulfan Sulphate, a-Endosulfan, Dieldrin, pp-DDE

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

Hexazinone, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Rathdowney Weir include:  Triclopyr, 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Endosulfan Sulphate, a-Endosulfan, Dieldrin, pp-DDE

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

Hexazinone, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

2014 Jul – 2015 Feb: Logan River @ Helen Street. Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Logan River/Helen Street include:  Triclopyr, 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Simazine, Metolachlor,MCPA, Diuron, Chlorpyrifos, Endosulfan Sulphate, a-Endosulfan, Dieldrin, Endrin, pp-DDD

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

Hexazinone, pp-DDE, HCB, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Logan River/Helen Street include:  Triclopyr, 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Simazine, Metolachlor,MCPA, Diuron, Chlorpyrifos, Endosulfan Sulphate, a-Endosulfan, Dieldrin, Endrin, pp-DDD

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

Hexazinone, pp-DDE, HCB, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

2014 July – 2015 Feb: Maroon Dam (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Maroon Dam Wall include:  Atrazine, Simazine, Bromacil, Diuron, 2,4-D, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, a-Endosulfan, Endrin

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, Desethylatrazine, Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, pp-DDE, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrif

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Maroon Dam Wall include:  Atrazine, Simazine, Bromacil, Diuron, 2,4-D, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, a-Endosulfan, Endrin

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Desethylatrazine, Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, pp-DDE, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

2014 July – 2015 Feb: Logan River @ Koorablbyn. Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Logan River Koorablbyn  include:  Triclopyr, 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Atrazine, Metolachlor, Bromacil, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos, Endosulfan Sulphate, a-Endosulfan

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

Hexazinone, pp-DDE, HCB, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Logan River Koorablbyn  include:  Triclopyr, 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Atrazine, Metolachlor, Bromacil, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos, Endosulfan Sulphate, a-Endosulfan

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

Hexazinone, pp-DDE, HCB, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

2014 July- 2015 Feb: Moogerah Dam (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Moogerah Dam  include:  2,4-D, Hexazinone, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Metolachlor, Methomyl, 2,4,5-T, , Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos, Endosulfan Sulphate

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, Hexazinone, Desethylatrazine, Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, Diazinon, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Moogerah Dam  include:  2,4-D, Hexazinone, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Metolachlor, Methomyl, 2,4,5-T , Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos, Endosulfan Sulphate

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Hexazinone, Desethylatrazine, Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, Diazinon, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

2014 July – 2015 Feb: Reynolds Creek Boonah (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Reynolds Creek Boonah include:  Endrin, 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, MCPA, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Metolachlor, Propiconazole, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos, p,p-DDD, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, Hexazinone, Desethylatrazine, Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, pp-DDE, ppDDD, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Reynolds Creek Boonah include:  Endrin, 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, MCPA, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Metolachlor, Propiconazole, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos, p,p-DDD, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Hexazinone, Desethylatrazine, Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, pp-DDE, ppDDD, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

2014 Jul – 2015 Feb: Wyaralong Dam Wall. Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Wyaralong Dam include:  Endosulfan Sulphate, a-Endosulfan, 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, MCPA, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Metolachlor, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, Tebuthiuron, Simazine, Hexazinone, Atrazine, pp-DDE, ppDDD, Endrin, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Wyaralong Dam include:  Endosulfan Sulphate, a-Endosulfan, 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, MCPA, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Metolachlor, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Tebuthiuron, Simazine, Hexazinone, Atrazine, pp-DDE, ppDDD, Endrin, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

2014 July – 2015 Feb: Lesley Harrison Dam (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Lesley Hamilton Dam include:  Endosulfan Sulphate, a-Endosulfan, Endrin, 2,4-D, Tebuthiuron, MCPA, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Bromacil, Triclopyr, Dieldrin, Lindane, Heptachlor Epoxide, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, Simazine, Atrazine, Metsulfuron Methyl, Desisopropyl Atrazine, Endrin, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyri

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Lesley Harrison Dam include:  Endosulfan Sulphate, a-Endosulfan, Endrin, 2,4-D, Tebuthiuron, MCPA, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Bromacil, Triclopyr, Dieldrin, Lindane, Heptachlor Epoxide, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Simazine, Atrazine, Metsulfuron Methyl, Desisopropyl Atrazine, Endrin, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

2014 Jul – 2015 Mar + 2018: North Pine River @ Petrie. Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at North Pine River @ Petrie include: 2,4-D, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, MCPA, Bromacil, Triclopyr, Dieldrin, Lindane, Endosulfan Sulphate, a-Endosulfan, Chlorpyrifos, Heptachlor Epoxide, Endrin

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, Metsulfuron Methyl, Endrin, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

North Pine River @ Petrie Offtake (Queensland) - 2018 Feb/Apr

Glyphosate: ~0.004ug/L

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling
Report 8 – Summer 2018 (University of Queensland)

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at North Pine River @ Petrie include: 2,4-D, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, MCPA, Bromacil, Triclopyr, Dieldrin, Lindane, Endosulfan Sulphate, a-Endosulfan, Chlorpyrifos, Heptachlor Epoxide, Endrin

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Metsulfuron Methyl, Endrin, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

North Pine River @ Petrie Offtake (Queensland) – 2018 Feb/Apr

Glyphosate: ~0.004ug/L

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling
Report 8 – Summer 2018 (University of Queensland)

2014 July – 2015 March +2018: Lake Kurwongbah (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Lake Kurwongbah  include: Triclopyr, 2,4-D, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, MCPA, Dieldrin, Lindane, Endrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, a-Endosulfan, Chlorpyrifos, Heptachlor Epoxide

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, Simazine, Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, pp-DDE,  Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Lake Kurwongbah (Queensland) - 2018 Feb/Apr

Glyphosate: ~0.0018ug/L

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling
Report 8 – Summer 2018 (University of Queensland)

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Lake Kurwongbah  include: Triclopyr, 2,4-D, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, MCPA, Dieldrin, Lindane, Endrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, a-Endosulfan, Chlorpyrifos, Heptachlor Epoxide

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Simazine, Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, pp-DDE,  Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Lake Kurwongbah (Queensland) – 2018 Feb/Apr

Glyphosate: ~0.0018ug/L

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling
Report 8 – Summer 2018 (University of Queensland)

 

2014 July – 2015 Mar: North Pine River at VPS. Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at North Pine River @ VPS include: 2,4-D, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Ametryn, Bromacil. MCPA, Triclopyr,  Heptachlor Epoxide, o,p-DDD, Lindane, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos, a-Endosulfan, Dieldrin, Endrin, a-HCH

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, Simazine, Atrazine, Metsulfuron Methyl, Desisopropyl Atrazine, pp-DDE, pp-DDD, Endrin,  HCB, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at North Pine River @ VPS include: 2,4-D, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Ametryn, Bromacil. MCPA, Triclopyr,  Heptachlor Epoxide, o,p-DDD, Lindane, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos, a-Endosulfan, Dieldrin, Endrin, a-HCH

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Simazine, Atrazine, Metsulfuron Methyl, Desisopropyl Atrazine, pp-DDE, pp-DDD, Endrin,  HCB, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

 

2014 July – 2015 Apr + 2018: North Pine River at Dayboro. Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at North Pine River @ Daysboro include: 2,4-D, Hexazinone, MCPA, Bromacil, Diuron, Simazine, Ametryn, a-HCH, Lindane,Endrin, pp-DDE, Endosulphan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos, Heptachlor Epoxide, a-Endosulfan, Dieldrin

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

pp-DDE, HCB, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

North Pine River @ Daysboro Well (Queensland) - 2018 Feb/Apr

Glyphosate: ~0.006ug/L

AMPA: ~0.032ug/L

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling
Report 8 – Summer 2018 (University of Queensland)

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at North Pine River @ Daysboro include: 2,4-D, Hexazinone, MCPA, Bromacil, Diuron, Simazine, Ametryn, a-HCH, Lindane,Endrin, pp-DDE, Endosulphan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos, Heptachlor Epoxide, a-Endosulfan, Dieldrin

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

pp-DDE, HCB, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

North Pine River @ Daysboro Well (Queensland) – 2018 Feb/Apr

Glyphosate: ~0.006ug/L

AMPA: ~0.032ug/L

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling
Report 8 – Summer 2018 (University of Queensland)

2014 July – 2015 Feb. Mid Brisbane River @ Mt.Crosby. Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Mid Brisbane River @ Mt Crosby include: DEET, 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Metolachlor, Methomyl, Bromacil, Heptachlor, Endrin, pp-DDE, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos, Heptachlor Epoxide, Dieldrin

July - August 2014

DEET, Simazine, Metsulfuron Methyl, Desethylatrazine, Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, Flumeturon, Hexazinone, pp-DDE, pp-DDD, Endrin, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Mid Brisbane River @ Mt Crosby include: DEET, 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Metolachlor, Methomyl, Bromacil, Heptachlor, Endrin, pp-DDE, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos, Heptachlor Epoxide, Dieldrin

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Simazine, Metsulfuron Methyl, Desethylatrazine, Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, Flumeturon, Hexazinone, pp-DDE, pp-DDD, Endrin, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

 

2014 July – 2015 Feb: Lowood Intake (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Lowood Intake include: 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Metolachlor, Methomyl, Bromacil, Ametryn, Endrin, pp-DDE, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, a-Endosulfan, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, Tebuthiuron, Simazine, Desethylatrazine, Atrazine, Bromacil, Desisopropyl Atrazine, pp-DDE, pp-DDD, Endrin, HCB, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Lowood Intake include: 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Metolachlor, Methomyl, Bromacil, Ametryn, Endrin, pp-DDE, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, a-Endosulfan, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Tebuthiuron, Simazine, Desethylatrazine, Atrazine, Bromacil, Desisopropyl Atrazine, pp-DDE, pp-DDD, Endrin, HCB, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

 

2014 July – 2015 Feb: Lockyer Creek at Lake Clarendon Way. Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Lockyer Creek/Lake Clarendon Way include: 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Simazine, Metolachlor, MCPA, Endrin, a-HCH, pp-DDE, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos, Heptachlor Epoxide, Dieldrin

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Lockyer Creek/Lake Clarendon Way include: 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Simazine, Metolachlor, MCPA, Endrin, a-HCH, pp-DDE, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos, Heptachlor Epoxide, Dieldrin

 

2014 July – 2015 Feb: Wivenhoe Dam Wall (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Wivenhoe Dam Wall Profiler include: 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Metolachlor, MCPA, Bromacil, Ametryn, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos, pp-DDE, Dieldrin, Endrin, a-Endosulfan

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, Tebuthiuron, Simazine, Hexazinone, Desethylatrazine, Atrazine, Bromacil, Desisopropyl Atrazine, pp-DDE, pp-DDD, Endrin, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Wivenhoe Dam Wall Profiler include: 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Metolachlor, MCPA, Bromacil, Ametryn, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos, pp-DDE, Dieldrin, Endrin, a-Endosulfan

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Tebuthiuron, Simazine, Hexazinone, Desethylatrazine, Atrazine, Bromacil, Desisopropyl Atrazine, pp-DDE, pp-DDD, Endrin, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

 

2014 July – 2015 Feb: Wivenhoe Dam @ Esk Profiler. Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Wivenhoe Dam/Esk Profiler include: 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Metolachlor, MCPA, Bromacil, Ametryn, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos, pp-DDE, Dieldrin, Endrin

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, Tebuthiuron, Simazine, Hexazinone, Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, pp-DDE, pp-DDD, Endrin, HCB, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Wivenhoe Dam/Esk Profiler include: 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Metolachlor, MCPA, Bromacil, Ametryn, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos, pp-DDE, Dieldrin, Endrin

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Tebuthiuron, Simazine, Hexazinone, Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, pp-DDE, pp-DDD, Endrin, HCB, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

2015 Jan – Feb: Somerset Dam Wall (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Somerset Dam Wall include: 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Metolachlor, MCPA, Bromacil, Ametryn, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, Tebuthiuron, Simazine, Hexazinone, Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, Bromacil, Metsulfuron Methyl, Desethylatrazine, pp-DDE, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Somerset Dam Wall include: 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Metolachlor, MCPA, Bromacil, Ametryn, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Tebuthiuron, Simazine, Hexazinone, Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, Bromacil, Metsulfuron Methyl, Desethylatrazine, pp-DDE, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

2015 Jan – Feb + 2018: Kirkleagh (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Kirkleagh include: Dieldrin, 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Metolachlor, MCPA, Bromacil, Ametryn, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, Tebuthiuron, Simazine, Hexazinone, Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, pp-DDE, HCB, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Kirkleagh (Queensland) - 2018 Feb/Apr

Glyphosate: ~0.008ug/L

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling
Report 8 – Summer 2018 (University of Queensland)

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Kirkleagh include: Dieldrin, 2,4-D, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Metolachlor, MCPA, Bromacil, Ametryn, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Tebuthiuron, Simazine, Hexazinone, Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, pp-DDE, HCB, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Kirkleagh (Queensland) – 2018 Feb/Apr

Glyphosate: ~0.008ug/L

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling
Report 8 – Summer 2018 (University of Queensland)

2014 July-2015 Feb + 2018: Kilcoy WTP Offtake. Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Kilcoy Water Treatment Plant Offtake include: Dieldrin, 2,4-D, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, MCPA, Bromacil, Ametryn, Hexazinone, Metolachor, b-Endosulfan, a-HCH, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos, Triclopyr

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, Tebuthiuron, Simazine, Hexazinone, Atrazine, Bromacil, Metsulfuron Methyl, Desisopropyl Atrazine, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Kilcoy WTP Offtake (Queensland) - 2018 Feb/Apr

Glyphosate: ~0.03ug/L

AMPA: ~0.02ug/L

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling
Report 8 – Summer 2018 (University of Queensland)

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Kilcoy Water Treatment Plant Offtake include: Dieldrin, 2,4-D, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, MCPA, Bromacil, Ametryn, Hexazinone, Metolachor, b-Endosulfan, a-HCH, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos, Triclopyr

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Tebuthiuron, Simazine, Hexazinone, Atrazine, Bromacil, Metsulfuron Methyl, Desisopropyl Atrazine, Lindane, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Kilcoy WTP Offtake (Queensland) – 2018 Feb/Apr

Glyphosate: ~0.03ug/L

AMPA: ~0.02ug/L

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling
Report 8 – Summer 2018 (University of Queensland)

2014 July – 2015 March: Ewen Maddock Dam (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Ewen Maddock Dam include: Heptachlor Epoxide, a-Endosulfan, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos, Endrin, Atrazine, Simazine, 2,4-D, Diuron, MCPA, Metolachlor, Triclopyr, Dieldrin, op-DDD, Lindane

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, Simazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Ewen Maddock Dam include: Heptachlor Epoxide, a-Endosulfan, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos, Endrin, Atrazine, Simazine, 2,4-D, Diuron, MCPA, Metolachlor, Triclopyr, Dieldrin, op-DDD, Lindane

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Simazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

2014 July – 2015 March: Baroon Pocket Dam Qld. Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Baroon Pocket Dam include: 2,4-D, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, MCPA, Dieldrin, Metolachlor, Triclopyr

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

Diuron, Metsulfuron Methyl, Triclopyr, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Baroon Pocket Dam include: 2,4-D, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, MCPA, Dieldrin, Metolachlor, Triclopyr

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

Diuron, Metsulfuron Methyl, Triclopyr, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

2015 March-2015 April: Yabba Creek @ Jimna Weir. Pesticides: b-Endosulfan, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected Yabba Creek @ Jimna Weir include: b-Endosulfan, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected Yabba Creek @ Jimna Weir include: b-Endosulfan, Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

2015 Feb-March + 2018: South Maroochy Intake Weir. Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at South Maroochy Intake Weir include: Heptachlor Epoxide, a-Endosulfan, Endosulfan Sulphate, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos, Endrin, Atrazine, op-DDD

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

South Maroochy Intake Weir (Queensland) - 2018 Feb/Apr

Glyphosate: ~0.006ug/L

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling
Report 8 – Summer 2018 (University of Queensland)

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at South Maroochy Intake Weir include: Heptachlor Epoxide, a-Endosulfan, Endosulfan Sulphate, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos, Endrin, Atrazine, op-DDD

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

South Maroochy Intake Weir (Queensland) – 2018 Feb/Apr

Glyphosate: ~0.006ug/L

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling
Report 8 – Summer 2018 (University of Queensland)

 

2014 July – 2015 Mar: Poona Dam Qld. Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Poona Dam include: Endosulfan Sulphate, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos, Triclopyr, 2,4-D, Atrazine, Simazine.

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, Triclopyr pp-DDE, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Poona Dam include: Endosulfan Sulphate, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos, Triclopyr, 2,4-D, Atrazine, Simazine.

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Triclopyr pp-DDE, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

2014 July – 2015 April: Mary River @ Kenilworth. Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Mary River Kenilworth include: a-Endosulfan, Endosulfan Sulphate, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos,Atrazine, Simazine, Diuron, 2,4-D, Endrin, a-HCH

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

pp-DDE, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected at Mary River @ Kenilworth include: a-Endosulfan, Endosulfan Sulphate, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos, Atrazine, Simazine, Diuron, 2,4-D, Endrin, a-HCH

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

pp-DDE, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

 

2014 Jul – 2015 Mar: Borumba Dam (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected Borumba Dam include: Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos, 2,4-D, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Triclopyr

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

pp-DDE, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected Borumba Dam include: Endosulfan Sulphate, Chlorpyrifos, 2,4-D, Tebuthiuron, Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Triclopyr

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

pp-DDE, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

2014 July – 2015 March: Lake Macdonald Intake (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected Lake MacDonald Intake include: Heptachlor Epoxide, a-Endosulfan, Endosulfan Sulphate, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos,Endrin, Atrazine, Simazine, 2,4-D, Diuron, Tebuthiuron, MCPA, Triclopyr

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, Haloxyfop, Simazine, Diuron, Imidacloprid, Metsulfuron Methyl, Desisopropyl Atrazine, pp-DDE, Endrin, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

 

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected Lake Macdonald Intake include: Heptachlor Epoxide, a-Endosulfan, Endosulfan Sulphate, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos, Endrin, Atrazine, Simazine, 2,4-D, Diuron, Tebuthiuron, MCPA, Triclopyr

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Haloxyfop, Simazine, Diuron, Imidacloprid, Metsulfuron Methyl, Desisopropyl Atrazine, pp-DDE, Endrin, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

2014 July – 2015 April: Mary River @ Coles Crossing. Pesticides: Multiple

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected Mary River @ Coles Crossing include: Heptachlor Epoxide, a-Endosulfan, Endosulfan Sulphate, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos, Atrazine, Simazine, 2,4-D

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July - August 2014

DEET, Imidacloprid, Metsulfuron Methyl, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling

Elissa O’Malley and Sarit Kaserzon
10 July 2015
UniQuest Project No: C01604

SEQ Water.

Pesticides detected Mary River @ Coles Crossing include: Heptachlor Epoxide, a-Endosulfan, Endosulfan Sulphate, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos, Atrazine, Simazine, 2,4-D

Catchment and Drinking Water Quality Micro Pollutant
Monitoring Program – Passive Sampling Report No 1 2014

National research centre for environmental toxicology
Entox is a joint venture between The University of Queensland and Queensland Health

July – August 2014

DEET, Imidacloprid, Metsulfuron Methyl, Dieldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos

2008 December. Pinkenba (Qld): Dioxin Contamination. Pesticides: 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D

Contaminant found in soil in Brisbane

December 12, 2008 Sydney Morning Herald

Dioxin, a toxic chemical used in the defoliant Agent Orange, has been found in soil near the Brisbane River.

Queensland's Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on Friday revealed the presence of dioxin in soil at an industrial site at Pinkenba and on the banks of a nearby drain which leads into the city's river.

An EPA statement said the company that owned the land, Incitec Pivot, made the discovery while carrying out soil tests under an environmental program.

The chemical manufacturer informed the EPA on Friday.

It is believed the contamination dates back to the 1960s and 1970s when the land housed a factory which made Agent Orange - a herbicide used in the Vietnam War.

The EPA has no records relating to the factory as controls were not as strict 40 years ago.

Dioxin is a contaminant in Agent Orange which persists in soil and does not readily dissolve in water.

"As dioxins are dangerous chemicals, the Environmental Protection Agency is taking the management of this matter extremely seriously," the statement said.

It said Incitec Pivot would remove the soil early next year using soil clean-up specialists.

"The company will conduct further tests of soil around the site to ensure the contamination is removed from around the drain, and those tests will be independently reviewed," it said.

"The EPA will monitor the clean-up to ensure that all contamination is safely removed and properly treated."

Exposure to dioxin has been linked to increased risk of various types of cancer and genetic defects.

Queensland Health said that based on the advice it had received from the EPA there was no health risk to the general public.

A spokesman said the area affected was not open to the public and there was no risk concerning seafood taken from Moreton Bay.

"It is not a health risk to the general community as it is not an area where children play or people visit," he said.

"Any risk for workers on the site can be managed by good workplace health and safety measures.

"Surveys also have shown that the level of dioxin in Moreton Bay seafood is not a health risk."

Read more: https://www.smh.com.au/national/contaminant-found-in-soil-in-brisbane-20081212-6xkg.html#ixzz4EFmLKRTK

Contaminant found in soil in Brisbane

December 12, 2008 Sydney Morning Herald

Dioxin, a toxic chemical used in the defoliant Agent Orange, has been found in soil near the Brisbane River.

Queensland’s Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on Friday revealed the presence of dioxin in soil at an industrial site at Pinkenba and on the banks of a nearby drain which leads into the city’s river.

An EPA statement said the company that owned the land, Incitec Pivot, made the discovery while carrying out soil tests under an environmental program.

The chemical manufacturer informed the EPA on Friday.

It is believed the contamination dates back to the 1960s and 1970s when the land housed a factory which made Agent Orange – a herbicide used in the Vietnam War.

The EPA has no records relating to the factory as controls were not as strict 40 years ago.

Dioxin is a contaminant in Agent Orange which persists in soil and does not readily dissolve in water.

“As dioxins are dangerous chemicals, the Environmental Protection Agency is taking the management of this matter extremely seriously,” the statement said.

It said Incitec Pivot would remove the soil early next year using soil clean-up specialists.

“The company will conduct further tests of soil around the site to ensure the contamination is removed from around the drain, and those tests will be independently reviewed,” it said.

“The EPA will monitor the clean-up to ensure that all contamination is safely removed and properly treated.”

Exposure to dioxin has been linked to increased risk of various types of cancer and genetic defects.

Queensland Health said that based on the advice it had received from the EPA there was no health risk to the general public.

A spokesman said the area affected was not open to the public and there was no risk concerning seafood taken from Moreton Bay.

“It is not a health risk to the general community as it is not an area where children play or people visit,” he said.

“Any risk for workers on the site can be managed by good workplace health and safety measures.

“Surveys also have shown that the level of dioxin in Moreton Bay seafood is not a health risk.”

Read more: https://www.smh.com.au/national/contaminant-found-in-soil-in-brisbane-20081212-6xkg.html#ixzz4EFmLKRTK

1978: Nufarm Laverton Industrial Waste. Pesticides: Multiple + Pentachlorophenol

The EPA's Principle Water Quality Officer attached the following appendix to the memorandum in which he considered the dioxin contamination. The concentrations of chemical present in Nufarm's unlicensed discharge were:-

2,4-D: 173.000ug/L

2,4,5-T: 4,000ug/L

Dicamba: 133,000ug/L

2,4-Dichlorophenol: 416,000ug/L

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol: 48,000ug/L

PCP: 6,000ug/L

https://baddevelopers.nfshost.com/Docs/Nufarm.htm

Nufarm Pentachlorophenol Incident

1977: Overchlorination causes unstable pentachlorphenol incident at Nufarm Plant

1978: The EPA’s Principle Water Quality Officer attached the following appendix to the memorandum in which he considered the dioxin contamination. The concentrations of chemical present in Nufarm’s unlicensed discharge were:-

2,4-D: 173.000ug/L

2,4,5-T: 4,000ug/L

Dicamba: 133,000ug/L

2,4-Dichlorophenol: 416,000ug/L

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol: 48,000ug/L

PCP: 6,000ug/L

https://baddevelopers.nfshost.com/Docs/Nufarm.htm

2006/7 Lower Burdekin, Mackay-Whitsunday, Tully Regions. Pesticides: Multiple

Table 5A:  Regional comparison of the peak concentrations of herbicides in sugarcane growing regions in the GBR catchments.

Atrazine: 6.5ug/L (Lower Burdekin), 4.2ug/L (Mackay-Whitsunday), 1ug/L (Tully)

Diuron: 3.8ug/L (Lower Burdekin), 6.5ug/L (Mackay-Whitsunday), 19ug/L (Tully)

2,4-D: 2.5ug/L (Lower Burdekin), 1.1ug/L (Mackay-Whitsunday)

Ametryn: 1.8ug/L (Lower Burdekin), 0.14ug/L (Mackay-Whitsunday), 0.05ug/L (Tully)

Hexazinone: 0.22ug/L (Lower Burdekin), 0.45ug/L (Mackay-Whitsunday), 3.6ug/L (Tully)

Simazine: 0.18ug/L (Lower Burdekin), 0.03ug/L (Mackay-Whitsunday), 0.06ug/L (Tully)

p14 Water Quality Issues in the Burdekin Region

For the Burdekin Dry Tropics NRM  
Coastal Catchment Initiative

ACTFR Report No. 07/03

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research James Cook University, QLD 4811

Table 5A:  Regional comparison of the peak concentrations of herbicides in sugarcane growing regions in the GBR catchments.

Atrazine: 6.5ug/L (Lower Burdekin), 4.2ug/L (Mackay-Whitsunday), 1ug/L (Tully)

Diuron: 3.8ug/L (Lower Burdekin), 6.5ug/L (Mackay-Whitsunday), 19ug/L (Tully)

2,4-D: 2.5ug/L (Lower Burdekin), 1.1ug/L (Mackay-Whitsunday)

Ametryn: 1.8ug/L (Lower Burdekin), 0.14ug/L (Mackay-Whitsunday), 0.05ug/L (Tully)

Hexazinone: 0.22ug/L (Lower Burdekin), 0.45ug/L (Mackay-Whitsunday), 3.6ug/L (Tully)

Simazine: 0.18ug/L (Lower Burdekin), 0.03ug/L (Mackay-Whitsunday), 0.06ug/L (Tully)

p14 Water Quality Issues in the Burdekin Region

For the Burdekin Dry Tropics NRM  
Coastal Catchment Initiative

ACTFR Report No. 07/03

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research James Cook University, QLD 4811

 

1994 Spring: St Columbia Falls. Pesticide: Simazine

Spring 1994

Hellyer River at Guildford Link Road Simazine 0.06ug/L

Cattely Creek at Blackmarsh Road Atrazine 0.1ug/L

Little Henty River d/s Zeehan Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Lisle Creek off Nook Road Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Rubicon River at Smith and Others Road. Atrazine 0.7ug/L

Great Forester River at Tasman Highway Simazine 0.2ug/L

South George River at St Columbia Falls Simazine 0.2ug/L

Great Forester River at Prosperity Road Simazine 1.0ug/L

Spring 1995

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.5ug/L

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.4ug/L

Table 2 Summary of Pesticide Monitoring Results from the River Health Program

Review of the Scammel Report - Aerial Spraying in the George River Catchment. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment. August 2004

Spring 1994

Hellyer River at Guildford Link Road Simazine 0.06ug/L

Cattely Creek at Blackmarsh Road Atrazine 0.1ug/L

Little Henty River d/s Zeehan Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Lisle Creek off Nook Road Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Rubicon River at Smith and Others Road. Atrazine 0.7ug/L

Great Forester River at Tasman Highway Simazine 0.2ug/L

South George River at St Columbia Falls Simazine 0.2ug/L

Great Forester River at Prosperity Road Simazine 1.0ug/L

Spring 1995

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.5ug/L

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.4ug/L

Table 2 Summary of Pesticide Monitoring Results from the River Health Program

Review of the Scammel Report – Aerial Spraying in the George River Catchment. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment. August 2004

1994 Spring: Rubicon River (Tas). Pesticide: Atrazine

Spring 1994

Hellyer River at Guildford Link Road Simazine 0.06ug/L

Cattely Creek at Blackmarsh Road Atrazine 0.1ug/L

Little Henty River d/s Zeehan Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Lisle Creek off Nook Road Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Rubicon River at Smith and Others Road. Atrazine 0.7ug/L

Great Forester River at Tasman Highway Simazine 0.2ug/L

South George River at St Columbia Falls Simazine 0.2ug/L

Great Forester River at Prosperity Road Simazine 1.0ug/L

Spring 1995

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.5ug/L

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.4ug/L

Table 2 Summary of Pesticide Monitoring Results from the River Health Program

Review of the Scammel Report - Aerial Spraying in the George River Catchment. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment. August 2004

Spring 1994

Hellyer River at Guildford Link Road Simazine 0.06ug/L

Cattely Creek at Blackmarsh Road Atrazine 0.1ug/L

Little Henty River d/s Zeehan Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Lisle Creek off Nook Road Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Rubicon River at Smith and Others Road. Atrazine 0.7ug/L

Great Forester River at Tasman Highway Simazine 0.2ug/L

South George River at St Columbia Falls Simazine 0.2ug/L

Great Forester River at Prosperity Road Simazine 1.0ug/L

Spring 1995

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.5ug/L

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.4ug/L

Table 2 Summary of Pesticide Monitoring Results from the River Health Program

Review of the Scammel Report – Aerial Spraying in the George River Catchment. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment. August 2004

1994 Spring: Lisle Creek (Tasmania). Pesticide: Hexazinone

Spring 1994

Hellyer River at Guildford Link Road Simazine 0.06ug/L

Cattely Creek at Blackmarsh Road Atrazine 0.1ug/L

Little Henty River d/s Zeehan Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Lisle Creek off Nook Road Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Rubicon River at Smith and Others Road. Atrazine 0.7ug/L

Great Forester River at Tasman Highway Simazine 0.2ug/L

South George River at St Columbia Falls Simazine 0.2ug/L

Great Forester River at Prosperity Road Simazine 1.0ug/L

Spring 1995

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.5ug/L

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.4ug/L

Table 2 Summary of Pesticide Monitoring Results from the River Health Program

Review of the Scammel Report - Aerial Spraying in the George River Catchment. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment. August 2004

Spring 1994

Hellyer River at Guildford Link Road Simazine 0.06ug/L

Cattely Creek at Blackmarsh Road Atrazine 0.1ug/L

Little Henty River d/s Zeehan Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Lisle Creek off Nook Road Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Rubicon River at Smith and Others Road. Atrazine 0.7ug/L

Great Forester River at Tasman Highway Simazine 0.2ug/L

South George River at St Columbia Falls Simazine 0.2ug/L

Great Forester River at Prosperity Road Simazine 1.0ug/L

Spring 1995

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.5ug/L

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.4ug/L

Table 2 Summary of Pesticide Monitoring Results from the River Health Program

Review of the Scammel Report – Aerial Spraying in the George River Catchment. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment. August 2004

1994 Spring: Little Henty River (Tas). Pesticide: Hexazinone

Spring 1994

Hellyer River at Guildford Link Road Simazine 0.06ug/L

Cattely Creek at Blackmarsh Road Atrazine 0.1ug/L

Little Henty River d/s Zeehan Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Lisle Creek off Nook Road Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Rubicon River at Smith and Others Road. Atrazine 0.7ug/L

Great Forester River at Tasman Highway Simazine 0.2ug/L

South George River at St Columbia Falls Simazine 0.2ug/L

Great Forester River at Prosperity Road Simazine 1.0ug/L

Spring 1995

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.5ug/L

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.4ug/L

Table 2 Summary of Pesticide Monitoring Results from the River Health Program

Review of the Scammel Report - Aerial Spraying in the George River Catchment. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment. August 2004

Spring 1994

Hellyer River at Guildford Link Road Simazine 0.06ug/L

Cattely Creek at Blackmarsh Road Atrazine 0.1ug/L

Little Henty River d/s Zeehan Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Lisle Creek off Nook Road Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Rubicon River at Smith and Others Road. Atrazine 0.7ug/L

Great Forester River at Tasman Highway Simazine 0.2ug/L

South George River at St Columbia Falls Simazine 0.2ug/L

Great Forester River at Prosperity Road Simazine 1.0ug/L

Spring 1995

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.5ug/L

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.4ug/L

Table 2 Summary of Pesticide Monitoring Results from the River Health Program

Review of the Scammel Report – Aerial Spraying in the George River Catchment. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment. August 2004

1994 Spring: Cattley Creek (Tas). Pesticide: Atrazine

Spring 1994

Hellyer River at Guildford Link Road Simazine 0.06ug/L

Cattely Creek at Blackmarsh Road Atrazine 0.1ug/L

Little Henty River d/s Zeehan Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Lisle Creek off Nook Road Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Rubicon River at Smith and Others Road. Atrazine 0.7ug/L

Great Forester River at Tasman Highway Simazine 0.2ug/L

South George River at St Columbia Falls Simazine 0.2ug/L

Great Forester River at Prosperity Road Simazine 1.0ug/L

Spring 1995

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.5ug/L

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.4ug/L

Table 2 Summary of Pesticide Monitoring Results from the River Health Program

Review of the Scammel Report - Aerial Spraying in the George River Catchment. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment. August 2004

Spring 1994

Hellyer River at Guildford Link Road Simazine 0.06ug/L

Cattely Creek at Blackmarsh Road Atrazine 0.1ug/L

Little Henty River d/s Zeehan Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Lisle Creek off Nook Road Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Rubicon River at Smith and Others Road. Atrazine 0.7ug/L

Great Forester River at Tasman Highway Simazine 0.2ug/L

South George River at St Columbia Falls Simazine 0.2ug/L

Great Forester River at Prosperity Road Simazine 1.0ug/L

Spring 1995

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.5ug/L

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.4ug/L

Table 2 Summary of Pesticide Monitoring Results from the River Health Program

Review of the Scammel Report – Aerial Spraying in the George River Catchment. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment. August 2004

1994 Spring: Hellyer River (Tas). Pesticide: Simazine

Spring 1994

Hellyer River at Guildford Link Road Simazine 0.06ug/L

Cattely Creek at Blackmarsh Road Atrazine 0.1ug/L

Little Henty River d/s Zeehan Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Lisle Creek off Nook Road Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Rubicon River at Smith and Others Road. Atrazine 0.7ug/L

Great Forester River at Tasman Highway Simazine 0.2ug/L

South George River at St Columbia Falls Simazine 0.2ug/L

Great Forester River at Prosperity Road Simazine 1.0ug/L

Spring 1995

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.5ug/L

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.4ug/L

Table 2 Summary of Pesticide Monitoring Results from the River Health Program

Review of the Scammel Report - Aerial Spraying in the George River Catchment. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment. August 2004

Spring 1994

Hellyer River at Guildford Link Road Simazine 0.06ug/L

Cattely Creek at Blackmarsh Road Atrazine 0.1ug/L

Little Henty River d/s Zeehan Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Lisle Creek off Nook Road Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Rubicon River at Smith and Others Road. Atrazine 0.7ug/L

Great Forester River at Tasman Highway Simazine 0.2ug/L

South George River at St Columbia Falls Simazine 0.2ug/L

Great Forester River at Prosperity Road Simazine 1.0ug/L

Spring 1995

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.5ug/L

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.4ug/L

Table 2 Summary of Pesticide Monitoring Results from the River Health Program

Review of the Scammel Report – Aerial Spraying in the George River Catchment. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment. August 2004

2003 December: Helicopter Crash Pyengana (Tas). Pesticide: Alpha-Cypermethrin

On 15 December, 2003, a helicopter operating for the company Tasmanian Helicopters crashed while spraying a Eucalyptus nitens plantation in the Pyengana area, with the insecticide Astound Duo (active constituent, alpha-cypermethrin)... At full capacity, the helicopter could carry 400 litres of spray mix, containing 1kg of the active ingredient, alpha-cypermethrin. At the time of the crash, the helicopter was estimated to have about 60 litres of spray mix remaining on board. Reports from people attending the crash site suggest that about 20 litres of the spray mix spilled onto the ground... Test on soil samples taken from the crash site showed a concentration of alpha-cypermethrin of 218mg/kg at the immediate crash site. At the sampling points 2 metres and 9 metres from the impact site, the alpha-cypermethrin concentration in the soil was found to be 1.0mg/kg and 0.2mg/kg respectively. There was a rapid decline in cypermethrin levels over a short distance from the site locus. No chemical residues were detected in the water sample from the river... Other chemicals were identified in the analysis of soil from the crash site; namely simazine, atrazine, terbacil and a trace of chlorothalonil...The most likely explanation for the low levels of other chemicals found at the crash site is carryover of a small amount of residual spray mix left in the helicopter tank from previous spraying operations...

Source: Review of the Scammell Report. Aerial Spraying in the George River Catchment. August 2004 Tasmania Department of Primary Industries, Water and Development

On 15 December, 2003, a helicopter operating for the company Tasmanian Helicopters crashed while spraying a Eucalyptus nitens plantation in the Pyengana area, with the insecticide Astound Duo (active constituent, alpha-cypermethrin)… At full capacity, the helicopter could carry 400 litres of spray mix, containing 1kg of the active ingredient, alpha-cypermethrin. At the time of the crash, the helicopter was estimated to have about 60 litres of spray mix remaining on board. Reports from people attending the crash site suggest that about 20 litres of the spray mix spilled onto the ground… Test on soil samples taken from the crash site showed a concentration of alpha-cypermethrin of 218mg/kg at the immediate crash site. At the sampling points 2 metres and 9 metres from the impact site, the alpha-cypermethrin concentration in the soil was found to be 1.0mg/kg and 0.2mg/kg respectively. There was a rapid decline in cypermethrin levels over a short distance from the site locus. No chemical residues were detected in the water sample from the river… Other chemicals were identified in the analysis of soil from the crash site; namely simazine, atrazine, terbacil and a trace of chlorothalonil…The most likely explanation for the low levels of other chemicals found at the crash site is carryover of a small amount of residual spray mix left in the helicopter tank from previous spraying operations…

Source: Review of the Scammell Report. Aerial Spraying in the George River Catchment. August 2004 Tasmania Department of Primary Industries, Water and Development

2011-2013: Herbert River Queensland. Pesticides: Multiple

A

p210

Table 2—Comparison of pesticide concentrations detected across the two monitoring years undertaken at the sugar sites within the Lower Herbert catchment.

2011-12

Diuron: 1.557ug/Lav, 10.97ug/L max, 0.03ug/L min

Hexazinone: 0.277ug/L av, 2.9ug/L max, 0.01ug/L min

Atrazine: 0.295ug/L av, 2.64ug/L max, 0.01ug/L min

Desethyl Atrazine: 0.071ug/L av 0.23ug/L max, 0.01ug/L min

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 0.037ug/L av, 0.06ug/L max, 0.02ug/L min

Imidacloprid: 0.062ug/L av, 0.28ug/L max, 0.01ug/L min

Ametryn: 0.042ug/L av, 0.18ug/L max, 0.01ug/L min

Metolachlor: 0.13ug/L av, 0.39ug/L max, 0.012ug/L min

Metribuzin: 0.212ug/L av, 0.416ug/L max, 0.122ug/L min

Diazinon: 0.157ug/L av, 0.157ug/L max, 0.157ug/L min

Terbutryn: 0.02ug/L av, 0.02ug/L max, 0.02ug/L min

2012-13

Diuron: 2.109ug/L av, 34ug/L max, 0.03ug/L min

Hexazinone: 1.011ug/L av, 16ug/L max, 0.02ug/L min

Atrazine: 0.426ug/L av, 1.2ug/L max, 0.02ug/L min

Desethyl Atrazine: 0.038ug/L av, 0.08ug/L max, 0.02ug/L min

Imidacloprid: 0.056ug/L av, 0.14ug/L max, 0.02ug/L min

Ametryn: 0.123ug/L av, 0.34ug/L max, 0.02ug/L min

Metolachlor: 0.25ug/L av, 0.54ug/L max, 0.03ug/L min

Diazinon: 0.157ug/L max

Terbutryn

Proc Aust Soc Sugar Cane Technol Vol 36 2014

HERBERT WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROJECT: 2011–2013 RESULTS  
By  DOMINIQUE O’BRIEN1, AARON DAVIS1, MICHAEL NASH2, LAWRENCE DI BELLA3, JON BRODIE1 

1Catchment to Reef Research Group, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, Townsville 2Terrain – Natural Resource Management in the Wet Tropics, Ingham 3Herbert Cane Productivity Services Limited (HCPSL), Ingham

p210

Table 2—Comparison of pesticide concentrations detected across the two monitoring years undertaken at the sugar sites within the Lower Herbert catchment.

2011-12

Diuron: 1.557ug/Lav, 10.97ug/L max, 0.03ug/L min

Hexazinone: 0.277ug/L av, 2.9ug/L max, 0.01ug/L min

Atrazine: 0.295ug/L av, 2.64ug/L max, 0.01ug/L min

Desethyl Atrazine: 0.071ug/L av 0.23ug/L max, 0.01ug/L min

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 0.037ug/L av, 0.06ug/L max, 0.02ug/L min

Imidacloprid: 0.062ug/L av, 0.28ug/L max, 0.01ug/L min

Ametryn: 0.042ug/L av, 0.18ug/L max, 0.01ug/L min

Metolachlor: 0.13ug/L av, 0.39ug/L max, 0.012ug/L min

Metribuzin: 0.212ug/L av, 0.416ug/L max, 0.122ug/L min

Diazinon: 0.157ug/L av, 0.157ug/L max, 0.157ug/L min

Terbutryn: 0.02ug/L av, 0.02ug/L max, 0.02ug/L min

2012-13

Diuron: 2.109ug/L av, 34ug/L max, 0.03ug/L min

Hexazinone: 1.011ug/L av, 16ug/L max, 0.02ug/L min

Atrazine: 0.426ug/L av, 1.2ug/L max, 0.02ug/L min

Desethyl Atrazine: 0.038ug/L av, 0.08ug/L max, 0.02ug/L min

Imidacloprid: 0.056ug/L av, 0.14ug/L max, 0.02ug/L min

Ametryn: 0.123ug/L av, 0.34ug/L max, 0.02ug/L min

Metolachlor: 0.25ug/L av, 0.54ug/L max, 0.03ug/L min

Diazinon: 0.157ug/L max

Terbutryn

Proc Aust Soc Sugar Cane Technol Vol 36 2014

HERBERT WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROJECT: 2011–2013 RESULTS
By  DOMINIQUE O’BRIEN1, AARON DAVIS1, MICHAEL NASH2, LAWRENCE DI BELLA3, JON BRODIE1

1Catchment to Reef Research Group, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, Townsville 2Terrain – Natural Resource Management in the Wet Tropics, Ingham 3Herbert Cane Productivity Services Limited (HCPSL), Ingham

 

2016 July: Pesticide blamed for drop in frog numbers in Queensland

Pesticide blamed for huge drop in frog numbers along Queensland coast

The Cairns Frog Safe project blames neonicotinoids for population decline and malformations, but cannot attract government or academic interest

 

 Tuesday 5 July 2016 The Guardian

 

The head of Australia’s only dedicated frog hospital believes powerful insecticides are behind a staggering decline in frog populations along the Queensland coast.

But Deborah Pergolotti, of the Cairns Frog Safe project, has struggled to drum up government and academic interest in researching the bizarre malformations she has documented in amphibians.

“The first domino in the sequence is chemicals,” she says, specifically neonicotinoids.

Introduced in Australia in 1996, neonicotinoids attack the nervous system of insects and have caused controversy overseas for their perceived link to declining bee populations.

The European Union has restricted their use, but they are used widely in Australia.

Pergolotti estimates there has been a 95% decline in the Cairns frog population since the hospital opened 17 years ago.

“The usual comment is: ‘What proof do you have?’ ” she said.

“If somebody would get around to doing the toxicology for it, then maybe we might get some proof, but nobody’s interested in the toxicology.”

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Pergolotti has treated frogs with extra limbs, missing eyes, cancer, stunted growth and skeletal problems, none of which occurred before 1996, she said.

But her attempts to alert authorities have fallen on deaf ears.

A 2014 report by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority, prompted by concerns for bee populations, found there was a “lack of consensus” on the causes of regional declines.

Ultimately, “multiple interacting pressures” were to blame, it said.

Pergolotti called for an overhaul of the way farming chemicals are approved in Australia. She said the process was “barely higher than a rubber stamp”.

The authority’s Dr Matthew O’Mullane said any impacts on frogs were considered as part of the vertebrate aquatic risk assessment and risks were covered by “more general statements” on product labels.

“If new information became available to indicate that frogs were specifically affected by neonicotinoids then the [authority] would consider the scientific merits of the new information and whether product labels needed to be changed to mitigate risks,” he said.

The federal environment department said experts involved in a coming review of the conservation status of frogs had not raised any issues relating to the insecticides.

Meanwhile, a spokeswoman for Queensland’s Department of Environment and Heritage Protection said it had no direct control over the insecticides and was not aware of any recent studies on their potential harm to frogs, nor declining frog populations.

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jul/04/pesticide-blamed-for-huge-drop-in-frog-numbers-along-queensland-coast

Pesticide blamed for huge drop in frog numbers along Queensland coast

The Cairns Frog Safe project blames neonicotinoids for population decline and malformations, but cannot attract government or academic interest

 Tuesday 5 July 2016 The Guardian

The head of Australia’s only dedicated frog hospital believes powerful insecticides are behind a staggering decline in frog populations along the Queensland coast.

But Deborah Pergolotti, of the Cairns Frog Safe project, has struggled to drum up government and academic interest in researching the bizarre malformations she has documented in amphibians.

“The first domino in the sequence is chemicals,” she says, specifically neonicotinoids.

Introduced in Australia in 1996, neonicotinoids attack the nervous system of insects and have caused controversy overseas for their perceived link to declining bee populations.

The European Union has restricted their use, but they are used widely in Australia.

Pergolotti estimates there has been a 95% decline in the Cairns frog population since the hospital opened 17 years ago.

“The usual comment is: ‘What proof do you have?’ ” she said.

“If somebody would get around to doing the toxicology for it, then maybe we might get some proof, but nobody’s interested in the toxicology.”

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Pergolotti has treated frogs with extra limbs, missing eyes, cancer, stunted growth and skeletal problems, none of which occurred before 1996, she said.

But her attempts to alert authorities have fallen on deaf ears.

A 2014 report by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority, prompted by concerns for bee populations, found there was a “lack of consensus” on the causes of regional declines.

Ultimately, “multiple interacting pressures” were to blame, it said.

Pergolotti called for an overhaul of the way farming chemicals are approved in Australia. She said the process was “barely higher than a rubber stamp”.

The authority’s Dr Matthew O’Mullane said any impacts on frogs were considered as part of the vertebrate aquatic risk assessment and risks were covered by “more general statements” on product labels.

“If new information became available to indicate that frogs were specifically affected by neonicotinoids then the [authority] would consider the scientific merits of the new information and whether product labels needed to be changed to mitigate risks,” he said.

The federal environment department said experts involved in a coming review of the conservation status of frogs had not raised any issues relating to the insecticides.

Meanwhile, a spokeswoman for Queensland’s Department of Environment and Heritage Protection said it had no direct control over the insecticides and was not aware of any recent studies on their potential harm to frogs, nor declining frog populations.

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jul/04/pesticide-blamed-for-huge-drop-in-frog-numbers-along-queensland-coast

2012-13: Boundary Creek/Herbert River Qld. Pesticides: Hexazinone, Diuron

Pesticide concentrations then seem to dissipate as they move further down the catchment towards the Herbert River end-of-system; most likely as a result of dilution from the upper catchment. For example, in 2012–13, 34μgL-1of diuron was detected at Boundary Creek (a small sub-catchment of the Herbert River) (O’Brien et al., 2014b). This was approximately 23 times the highest concentration detected at the Herbert River end-of-system site (Herbert River @Ingham; 1.48μgL-1)in the same year (GBRCLMP data, unpublished). The maximum concentration of hexazinone in 2012–13 was 16μg.L-1also detected at Boundary Creek, which was 40 times higher

than the peak concentration detected at the downstream end-of-system site (0.4μgL-1).

 

Advancing our understanding of the source, management, transport and impacts of pesticides on the Great Barrier Reef

Compiled by Michelle Devlin and Stephen Lewis Lead Authors: Aaron Davis, Rachael Smith, Andrew Negri, Matthew Thompson, Mark Poggio

Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research Report No 15/14 2015

James Cook University

Pesticide concentrations then seem to dissipate as they move further down the

catchment towards the Herbert River end-of-system; most likely as a result of dilution from the

upper catchment. For example, in 2012–13, 34μgL-1of diuron was detected at Boundary Creek (a

small sub-catchment of the Herbert River) (O’Brien et al., 2014b). This was approximately 23 times

the highest concentration detected at the Herbert River end-of-system site (Herbert River @Ingham; 1.48μgL-1)in the same year (GBRCLMP data, unpublished). The maximum concentration of

hexazinone in 2012–13 was 16μg.L-1also detected at Boundary Creek, which was 40 times higher

than the peak concentration detected at the downstream end-of-system site (0.4

μgL-1).

Advancing our understanding of the source, management, transport and impacts of pesticides on the Great Barrier Reef

Compiled by Michelle Devlin and Stephen Lewis Lead Authors: Aaron Davis, Rachael Smith, Andrew Negri, Matthew Thompson, Mark Poggio

Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research Report No 15/14 2015

James Cook University

1994 April. Fish Kill Hogarth Rivulet (Tas). Pesticide: Pyrethrum

There is evidence to suggest that the Great Forester River undergoes periodic episodes of impairment due to temporary decreases in water quality. The most dramatic of these was a major spill of pyrethrum in Hogarth Rivulet in April 1994. This resulted in the destruction of aquatic fauna  within Hogarth Rivulet and the Great Forester River with dead fish and the endemic freshwater crayfish Astacopsis gouldi being found up to 15 km downstream from the spill. The Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment undertook a program to study the effects of such a major pollution event as well as to investigate and monitor the aquatic ecosystem recovery processes in the Great Forester River and the relative roles of tributary recolonisation in comparison with lateral movement of organisms within the main channel. Maxwell et al (1997) found that the invertebrate communities had recovered from the initial impact of the spill within a relatively short period of time. Within two months of the spill, over half of the taxa found at the control sites were found at the impacted sites. After 10 months, the invertebrates had established community structures similar in numbers and composition to the control sites. The species of most concern is the giant freshwater crayfish Astacopsis gouldi. Because of its low fecundity and territorial nature, it has a low rate of dispersal and it was hypothesized that recolonisation of the lower section of the Great Forester River could take a number of years.

Aquatic Ecology Of Rivers In the Great Forester Catchment
A Report Forming Part of The Requirements for State of Rivers Reporting

Tom Krasnicki River Health Officer Land and Water Assessment Branch DPIWE.
Report Series WRA 99/07 June 1999.

There is evidence to suggest that the Great Forester River undergoes periodic episodes of impairment due to temporary decreases in water quality. The most dramatic of these was a major spill of pyrethrum in Hogarth Rivulet in April 1994. This resulted in the destruction of aquatic fauna  within Hogarth Rivulet and the Great Forester River with dead fish and the endemic freshwater crayfish Astacopsis gouldi being found up to 15 km downstream from the spill. The Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment undertook a program to study the effects of such a major pollution event as well as to investigate and monitor the aquatic ecosystem recovery processes in the Great Forester River and the relative roles of tributary recolonisation in comparison with lateral movement of organisms within the main channel. Maxwell et al (1997) found that the invertebrate communities had recovered from the initial impact of the spill within a relatively short period of time. Within two months of the spill, over half of the taxa found at the control sites were found at the impacted sites. After 10 months, the invertebrates had established community structures similar in numbers and composition to the control sites. The species of most concern is the giant freshwater crayfish Astacopsis gouldi. Because of its low fecundity and territorial nature, it has a low rate of dispersal and it was hypothesized that recolonisation of the lower section of the Great Forester River could take a number of years.

Aquatic Ecology Of Rivers In the Great Forester Catchment
A Report Forming Part of The Requirements for State of Rivers Reporting

Tom Krasnicki River Health Officer Land and Water Assessment Branch DPIWE.
Report Series WRA 99/07 June 1999.

1994-5: Great Forester River (Tas). Pesticide: Simazine

The two sites on the Great Forester River which were also sampled under the MRHI program (Great Forester off Tasman Highway and Great Forester at Prosperity Rd.) have shown slight to moderate impairment on a number of occasions (Table 3). However OESIGNAL scores again suggest that the impairment is due to other factors other than water quality. However it is worth noting that the herbicide simazine  was detected in the water at both of these sites in spring 1994. The concentration was 1µg/l at Prosperity Rd. and 0.7µg/l at Tasman Highway. Davies et al. (1994) reported that the aquatic fauna of Tasmanian streams may suffer minor short term disturbances if frequently exposed to triazine herbicides such as simazine. They found that concentrations between 1 and 20µg/l had no major impact on the aquatic fauna even when exposed for several weeks, but that concentrations above 100µg/l were regarded as having short term lethal effects. The concentrations found at the two sites were unlikely to cause any adverse impact on the aquatic fauna. However, because the sites were sampled only once, it is impossible to determine when or where the impact occurred, nor the peak concentration of simazine in the water

Aquatic Ecology Of Rivers In the Great Forester Catchment
A Report Forming Part of The Requirements for State of Rivers Reporting

Tom Krasnicki River Health Officer Land and Water Assessment Branch DPIWE.
Report Series WRA 99/07 June 1999.

Spring 1994

Hellyer River at Guildford Link Road Simazine 0.06ug/L

Cattely Creek at Blackmarsh Road Atrazine 0.1ug/L

Little Henty River d/s Zeehan Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Lisle Creek off Nook Road Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Rubicon River at Smith and Others Road. Atrazine 0.7ug/L

Great Forester River at Tasman Highway Simazine 0.2ug/L

South George River at St Columbia Falls Simazine 0.2ug/L

Great Forester River at Prosperity Road Simazine 1.0ug/L

Spring 1995

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.5ug/L

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.4ug/L

Table 2 Summary of Pesticide Monitoring Results from the River Health Program

Review of the Scammel Report - Aerial Spraying in the George River Catchment. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment. August 2004

The two sites on the Great Forester River which were also sampled under the MRHI program (Great Forester off Tasman Highway and Great Forester at Prosperity Rd.) have shown slight to moderate impairment on a number of occasions (Table 3). However OESIGNAL scores again suggest that the impairment is due to other factors other than water quality. However it is worth noting that the herbicide simazine  was detected in the water at both of these sites in spring 1994. The concentration was 1µg/l at Prosperity Rd. and 0.7µg/l at Tasman Highway. Davies et al. (1994) reported that the aquatic fauna of Tasmanian streams may suffer minor short term disturbances if frequently exposed to triazine herbicides such as simazine. They found that concentrations between 1 and 20µg/l had no major impact on the aquatic fauna even when exposed for several weeks, but that concentrations above 100µg/l were regarded as having short term lethal effects. The concentrations found at the two sites were unlikely to cause any adverse impact on the aquatic fauna. However, because the sites were sampled only once, it is impossible to determine when or where the impact occurred, nor the peak concentration of simazine in the water

Aquatic Ecology Of Rivers In the Great Forester Catchment
A Report Forming Part of The Requirements for State of Rivers Reporting

Tom Krasnicki River Health Officer Land and Water Assessment Branch DPIWE.
Report Series WRA 99/07 June 1999.

 

Spring 1994

Hellyer River at Guildford Link Road Simazine 0.06ug/L

Cattely Creek at Blackmarsh Road Atrazine 0.1ug/L

Little Henty River d/s Zeehan Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Lisle Creek off Nook Road Hexazinone 0.2ug/L

Rubicon River at Smith and Others Road. Atrazine 0.7ug/L

Great Forester River at Tasman Highway Simazine 0.2ug/L

South George River at St Columbia Falls Simazine 0.2ug/L

Great Forester River at Prosperity Road Simazine 1.0ug/L

Spring 1995

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.5ug/L

Great Forester Catchment Simazine 0.4ug/L

Table 2 Summary of Pesticide Monitoring Results from the River Health Program

Review of the Scammel Report – Aerial Spraying in the George River Catchment. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment. August 2004

1994: Great Forester River (Tasmania). Pesticide: Simazine

The two sites on the Great Forester River which were also sampled under the MRHI program (Great Forester off Tasman Highway and Great Forester at Prosperity Rd.) have shown slight to moderate impairment on a number of occasions (Table 3). However OESIGNAL scores again suggest that the impairment is due to other factors other than water quality. However it is worth noting that the herbicide simazine  was detected in the water at both of these sites in spring 1994. The concentration was 1µg/l at Prosperity Rd. and 0.7µg/l at Tasman Highway. Davies et al. (1994) reported that the aquatic fauna of Tasmanian streams may suffer minor short term disturbances if frequently exposed to triazine herbicides such as simazine. They found that concentrations between 1 and 20µg/l had no major impact on the aquatic fauna even when exposed for several weeks, but that concentrations above 100µg/l were regarded as having short term lethal effects. The concentrations found at the two sites were unlikely to cause any adverse impact on the aquatic fauna. However, because the sites were sampled only once, it is impossible to determine when or where the impact occurred, nor the peak concentration of simazine in the water

Aquatic Ecology Of Rivers In the Great Forester Catchment
A Report Forming Part of The Requirements for State of Rivers Reporting

Tom Krasnicki River Health Officer Land and Water Assessment Branch DPIWE.
Report Series WRA 99/07 June 1999.

The two sites on the Great Forester River which were also sampled under the MRHI program (Great Forester off Tasman Highway and Great Forester at Prosperity Rd.) have shown slight to moderate impairment on a number of occasions (Table 3). However OESIGNAL scores again suggest that the impairment is due to other factors other than water quality. However it is worth noting that the herbicide simazine  was detected in the water at both of these sites in spring 1994. The concentration was 1µg/l at Prosperity Rd. and 0.7µg/l at Tasman Highway. Davies et al. (1994) reported that the aquatic fauna of Tasmanian streams may suffer minor short term disturbances if frequently exposed to triazine herbicides such as simazine. They found that concentrations between 1 and 20µg/l had no major impact on the aquatic fauna even when exposed for several weeks, but that concentrations above 100µg/l were regarded as having short term lethal effects. The concentrations found at the two sites were unlikely to cause any adverse impact on the aquatic fauna. However, because the sites were sampled only once, it is impossible to determine when or where the impact occurred, nor the peak concentration of simazine in the water

Aquatic Ecology Of Rivers In the Great Forester Catchment
A Report Forming Part of The Requirements for State of Rivers Reporting

Tom Krasnicki River Health Officer Land and Water Assessment Branch DPIWE.
Report Series WRA 99/07 June 1999.

May 2016. Darebin Creek (Vic) Eel Deaths. Pesticide: Permethrin

EPA warns pesticide could have poisoned eels and fish in Darebin Creek

Heidelberg Leader June 29, 2016

A PESTICIDE is being blamed for killing at least 20 eels and fish in Darebin Creek and is a growing problem in waterways across Melbourne.

The EPA has reported the dead animals were found washed up along the 3km of the creek between Bell St in Bellfield and Darebin Parklands in Alphington last month.

EPA Regional Services executive director Damian Wells said the eel deaths were likely caused by a pesticide — permethrin — polluting the stormwater system.

Mr Wells said this chemical is found in fly and insect sprays, dog shampoo, head lice treatments, commercial pest control and agriculture processes.

“While this pesticide is generally safe for humans, it’s highly toxic to aquatic life,” Mr Wells said.

“An analysis of eel organs identified the presence of a chemical called permethrin, which is commonly used in domestic and industrial pesticide found in many products.”

Mr Wells said the pesticide quickly breaks up in water and the EPA officers could not detect exactly where the chemical entered the creek or conduct a clean-up.

“Stormwater from your business, home and garden drains to the nearest creek, river lake or bay, so we must all be mindful of what enters our stormwater drains,” he said.

 

He said water samples collected following the eel deaths show no chemicals of concerns and the EPA is confident the water has returned to its normal state.

An EPA assessment, seen by Heidelberg Leader, said the authority had also recently investigated permethrin sources in Melbourne’s east which has proved “very difficult” to identify because of widespread use and how fast the chemical passes through the system.

The report also said synthetic insecticides were a growing issue and had been found across Melbourne’s waterways.

Banyule’s Mayor Craig Langdon said a ranger had reported there were more than 100 dead eels found along Darebin Creek and not just 20.

“It’s an issue for the whole area,” Cr Langdon said.

“Banyule is surrounded by the Darebin Creek, Plenty River and Yarra River, with tributaries running off like Salt Creek.”

He said his concern was how widespread the issue was across Melbourne.

“This needs to be looked at by the State Government,” Cr Langdon said.

“I was told eels can live almost anywhere so if they are dying then how bad must it be?”

Visit the EPA for tips on reducing stormwater pollution.

https://www.heraldsun.com.au/leader/north/epa-warns-pesticide-could-have-poisoned-eels-and-fish-in-darebin-creek/news-story/ebb387fb39fb6d714ee5dd290315bec4

EPA warns pesticide could have poisoned eels and fish in Darebin Creek

Heidelberg Leader June 29, 2016

A PESTICIDE is being blamed for killing at least 20 eels and fish in Darebin Creek and is a growing problem in waterways across Melbourne.

The EPA has reported the dead animals were found washed up along the 3km of the creek between Bell St in Bellfield and Darebin Parklands in Alphington last month.

EPA Regional Services executive director Damian Wells said the eel deaths were likely caused by a pesticide — permethrin — polluting the stormwater system.

Mr Wells said this chemical is found in fly and insect sprays, dog shampoo, head lice treatments, commercial pest control and agriculture processes.

“While this pesticide is generally safe for humans, it’s highly toxic to aquatic life,” Mr Wells said.

“An analysis of eel organs identified the presence of a chemical called permethrin, which is commonly used in domestic and industrial pesticide found in many products.”

Mr Wells said the pesticide quickly breaks up in water and the EPA officers could not detect exactly where the chemical entered the creek or conduct a clean-up.

“Stormwater from your business, home and garden drains to the nearest creek, river lake or bay, so we must all be mindful of what enters our stormwater drains,” he said.

He said water samples collected following the eel deaths show no chemicals of concerns and the EPA is confident the water has returned to its normal state.

An EPA assessment, seen by Heidelberg Leader, said the authority had also recently investigated permethrin sources in Melbourne’s east which has proved “very difficult” to identify because of widespread use and how fast the chemical passes through the system.

The report also said synthetic insecticides were a growing issue and had been found across Melbourne’s waterways.

Banyule’s Mayor Craig Langdon said a ranger had reported there were more than 100 dead eels found along Darebin Creek and not just 20.

“It’s an issue for the whole area,” Cr Langdon said.

“Banyule is surrounded by the Darebin Creek, Plenty River and Yarra River, with tributaries running off like Salt Creek.”

He said his concern was how widespread the issue was across Melbourne.

“This needs to be looked at by the State Government,” Cr Langdon said.

“I was told eels can live almost anywhere so if they are dying then how bad must it be?”

Visit the EPA for tips on reducing stormwater pollution.

https://www.heraldsun.com.au/leader/north/epa-warns-pesticide-could-have-poisoned-eels-and-fish-in-darebin-creek/news-story/ebb387fb39fb6d714ee5dd290315bec4

2005-8: Mackay-Whitsunday Region. Pesticide: Diuron

The highest diuron concentrations were 19 μgL-1 in the Tully-Murray region, 3.8 μgL-1 in the Burdekin-Townsville region and 22 μgL-1 in the Mackay Whitsunday region; all associated with >10% sugar cane cultivation as the main land use (Fig. 2a).  Diuron residues at the sites draining sugar cane (particularly >10% sugar cane) were consistently above the ANZECC and ARMCANZ (2000) ecological trigger value (0.2 μgL-1) across all three monitored regions (Fig. 2a).  While the ANZECC and ARMCANZ (2000) ecological protection trigger values were developed for low flow conditions, they are the only available reference to assess the risk of pesticide residues in the environment.

Pesticide runoff to the Great Barrier Reef  
Assessing the risks

Lewis, S. E., Brodie, J.E., Bainbridge, Z.T., Rohde, K.W., Davis, A.M., Masters, B.L. Maughan, M., Devlin, M.J., Mueller, J.F., and Schaffelke, B. (2008) Pesticide runoff to the Great Barrier Reef.  Assessing the risks.  Report to the Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility.  Reef and Rainforest Research Centre Limited, Cairns (26 pp.).  
Published by the Reef and Rainforest Research Centre on behalf of the Australian Government’s Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility

The highest diuron concentrations were 19 μgL-1 in the Tully-Murray region, 3.8 μgL-1 in the Burdekin-Townsville region and 22 μgL-1 in the Mackay Whitsunday region; all associated with >10% sugar cane cultivation as the main land use (Fig. 2a).  Diuron residues at the sites draining sugar cane (particularly >10% sugar cane) were consistently above the ANZECC and ARMCANZ (2000) ecological trigger value (0.2 μgL-1) across all three monitored regions (Fig. 2a).  While the ANZECC and ARMCANZ (2000) ecological protection trigger values were developed for low flow conditions, they are the only available reference to assess the risk of pesticide residues in the environment.

Pesticide runoff to the Great Barrier Reef  
Assessing the risks

Lewis, S. E., Brodie, J.E., Bainbridge, Z.T., Rohde, K.W., Davis, A.M., Masters, B.L. Maughan, M., Devlin, M.J., Mueller, J.F., and Schaffelke, B. (2008) Pesticide runoff to the Great Barrier Reef.  Assessing the risks.  Report to the Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility.  Reef and Rainforest Research Centre Limited, Cairns (26 pp.).
Published by the Reef and Rainforest Research Centre on behalf of the Australian Government’s Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility

2012 March: Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area EMR. Pesticides: Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Diazinon, Metolachlor

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area EMR

March 2012

Atrazine: 1.42ug/L

Diazinon: 0.042ug/L

Diuron: 0.391ug/L

Metolachlor 1.98ug/L

Simazine 0.541ug/L

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area EMR

March 2012

Atrazine: 1.42ug/L

Diazinon: 0.042ug/L

Diuron: 0.391ug/L

Metolachlor 1.98ug/L

Simazine 0.541ug/L

2005 October – 2012 November: Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area WS. Pesticides: Multiple

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area WS

2005 October - 2012 November

Highest Values Only

Atrazine October 2005 0.13ug/L

Chlorpyrifos January 2006 0.06ug/L

Diazinon November 2012 0.217ug/L

Diuron November 2012 0.785ug/L

Malathion November 2012 0.002ug/L

Molinate November 2012 0.776ug/L

Simazine October 2005 0.13ug/L

Thiobencarb November 2005 0.05ug/L

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area WS

2005 October – 2012 November

Highest Values Only

Atrazine October 2005 0.13ug/L

Chlorpyrifos January 2006 0.06ug/L

Diazinon November 2012 0.217ug/L

Diuron November 2012 0.785ug/L

Malathion November 2012 0.002ug/L

Molinate November 2012 0.776ug/L

Simazine October 2005 0.13ug/L

Thiobencarb November 2005 0.05ug/L

2005 October – 2012 November: Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area MIRMCN. Pesticides: Multiple

2005 October - 2012 November

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area Site MIRMCN

Highest Values Only

Atrazine 0.23ug/L October 2005

Chlorpyrifos 0.048ug/L December 2012

Diazinon 0.204ug/L November 2012

Diuron 1.68ug/L February 2012

Malathion 0.804ug/L June 2010

Metolachlor 0.191ug/L November 2012

Molinate 5.69ug/L October 2010

Simazine 5.54ug/L August 2011

Thiobencarb 0.334ug/L November 2010

Trifluralin 0.114ug/L June 2009

2005 October – 2012 November

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area Site MIRMCN

Highest Values Only

Atrazine 0.23ug/L October 2005

Chlorpyrifos 0.048ug/L December 2012

Diazinon 0.204ug/L November 2012

Diuron 1.68ug/L February 2012

Malathion 0.804ug/L June 2010

Metolachlor 0.191ug/L November 2012

Molinate 5.69ug/L October 2010

Simazine 5.54ug/L August 2011

Thiobencarb 0.334ug/L November 2010

Trifluralin 0.114ug/L June 2009

2005 October – 2012 December: Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area MDJWE. Pesticides: Multiple

2005 October - 2012 December

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area MDJWE

Highest Values Only

October 2005: Atrazine 0.21ug/L

December 2012: Chlorpyrifos 0.138ug/L

November 2012: Diazinon 0.167ug/L

September 2008: Diuron 2.46ug/L

May 2011: Malathion 0.484ug/L

September 2008: Metolachlor 0.019ug/L

November 2011: Molinate 5ug/L

August 2008: Simazine 3.21ug/L

November 2010: Thiobencarb 0.334ug/L

June 2009: Trifluralin 0.063ug/L

2005 October – 2012 December

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area MDJWE

Highest Values Only

October 2005: Atrazine 0.21ug/L

December 2012: Chlorpyrifos 0.138ug/L

November 2012: Diazinon 0.167ug/L

September 2008: Diuron 2.46ug/L

May 2011: Malathion 0.484ug/L

September 2008: Metolachlor 0.019ug/L

November 2011: Molinate 5ug/L

August 2008: Simazine 3.21ug/L

November 2010: Thiobencarb 0.334ug/L

June 2009: Trifluralin 0.063ug/L

 

2006 July – 2012 December: Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area LMC. Pesticides: Multiple

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area LMC

2006 July - 2012 December

Highest Detections Only

November 2010: Atrazine 1.08ug/L

December 2012 Chlorpyrifos 0.25ug/L

October 2010 Diazinon 0.018ug/L

July 2006 Diuron 4.5ug/L

January 2011 Malathion 0.209ug/L

November 2010 Metolachlor 0.55ug/L

October 2010 Molinate 36.31ug/L

July 2006 Simazine 3.8ug/L

November 2005 Thiobencarb 0.13ug/L

December 2008 Trifluralin 0.006ug/L

Source: Murrumbidgee Irrigation

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area LMC

2006 July – 2012 December

Highest Detections Only

November 2010: Atrazine 1.08ug/L

December 2012 Chlorpyrifos 0.25ug/L

October 2010 Diazinon 0.018ug/L

July 2006 Diuron 4.5ug/L

January 2011 Malathion 0.209ug/L

November 2010 Metolachlor 0.55ug/L

October 2010 Molinate 36.31ug/L

July 2006 Simazine 3.8ug/L

November 2005 Thiobencarb 0.13ug/L

December 2008 Trifluralin 0.006ug/L

Source: Murrumbidgee Irrigation

2009 November – 2012 November: Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area FS. Pesticides: Multiple

2009 November - 2012 November

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area FS

Highest Levels Only

Atrazine 0.238 November 2012

Diuron 14.2ug/L November 2009

Malathion 0.005ug/L February 2011

Metolachlor 0.11ug/L November 2012

Molinate 0.036ug/L November 2009

Simazine 14.5ug/L November 2009

Trifluralin 0.186ug/L March 2010

2009 November – 2012 November

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area FS

Highest Levels Only

Atrazine 0.238 November 2012

Diuron 14.2ug/L November 2009

Malathion 0.005ug/L February 2011

Metolachlor 0.11ug/L November 2012

Molinate 0.036ug/L November 2009

Simazine 14.5ug/L November 2009

Trifluralin 0.186ug/L March 2010

2009 June – 2013 Feb: Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area BYD. Pesticides: Multiple

2009 June - 2013 February

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (BYD)

Highest Levels Only

August 2011 Atrazine 104ug/L

February 2012 Chlorpyrifos 0.041ug/L

November 2012 Diazinon 0.014ug/L

May 2011 Diuron 4.58ug/L

February 2013 Malathion 0.002ug/L

November 2012 Metolachlor 0.512ug/L

October 2010 Molinate 12.43ug/L

November 2012 Simazine 4.23ug/L

December 2010 Thiobencarb 0.115ug/L

June 2009 Trifluralin 0.05ug/L

2009 June – 2013 February

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (BYD)

Highest Levels Only

August 2011 Atrazine 104ug/L

February 2012 Chlorpyrifos 0.041ug/L

November 2012 Diazinon 0.014ug/L

May 2011 Diuron 4.58ug/L

February 2013 Malathion 0.002ug/L

November 2012 Metolachlor 0.512ug/L

October 2010 Molinate 12.43ug/L

November 2012 Simazine 4.23ug/L

December 2010 Thiobencarb 0.115ug/L

June 2009 Trifluralin 0.05ug/L

2005 January – 2008 December: Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (BBOW). Pesticides: Atrazine, Diuron, Simazine, Malathion, Thiobencarb, Molinate

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area Site BBOW

January 2005 - December 2008

Highest Values Only

Atrazine 0.27ug/L October 2005

Diuron 0.6ug/L January 2006

Malathion 0.158ug/L December 2008

Molinate 1.23ug/L November 2005

Simazine 0.26ug/L January 2005

Thiobencarb 0.05ug/L November 2005

Source: Murrumbidgee Irrigation Compliance Reports

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area Site BBOW

January 2005 – December 2008

Highest Values Only

Atrazine 0.27ug/L October 2005

Diuron 0.6ug/L January 2006

Malathion 0.158ug/L December 2008

Molinate 1.23ug/L November 2005

Simazine 0.26ug/L January 2005

Thiobencarb 0.05ug/L November 2005

Source: Murrumbidgee Irrigation Compliance Reports

 

1995 October – October 1999: Coleambally Supply Escape at Bull Road. Pesticides: Multiple

Coleambally Supply Escape at Bull Road

Highest Levels Only

Oct 13 1999: Atrazine 0.1ug/L

January 19 1998: 2,4-D 0.1ug/L

February 1994: Endosulfan 0.028ug/L

October 1995: Metalochlor 0.1ug/L

October 1995: Molinate 17ug/L

October 13 1999: Simazine 0.2ug/L

October 1995: Thiobencarb 0.21ug/L

Coleambally Supply Escape at Bull Road

Highest Levels Only

Oct 13 1999: Atrazine 0.1ug/L

January 19 1998: 2,4-D 0.1ug/L

February 1994: Endosulfan 0.028ug/L

October 1995: Metalochlor 0.1ug/L

October 1995: Molinate 17ug/L

October 13 1999: Simazine 0.2ug/L

October 1995: Thiobencarb 0.21ug/L

1995 December – 2005 November: Coleambally Outfall Drain at Darlot (Bundy). Pesticides: Multiple

Coleambally Outfall Drain at Darlot (Bundy)

Highest Levels Only

Atrazine 1.6ug/L, Dec 1995

Chlorpyrifos 0.01ug/L, Aug 7 1998

Endosulfan 0.02ug/L, 25/1/99

Metolachlor 1.1ug/L 8/1/96

Molinate 2.8ug/L 18/11/96

Simazine 0.2ug/L Aug 9 1999

Thiobencarb 0.219ug/L 4/11/05

Coleambally Outfall Drain at Darlot (Bundy)

Highest Levels Only

Atrazine 1.6ug/L, Dec 1995

Chlorpyrifos 0.01ug/L, Aug 7 1998

Endosulfan 0.02ug/L, 25/1/99

Metolachlor 1.1ug/L 8/1/96

Molinate 2.8ug/L 18/11/96

Simazine 0.2ug/L Aug 9 1999

Thiobencarb 0.219ug/L 4/11/05

1995 October – 2013 September: Coleambally Catchment Drain. Pesticides: Multiple

Coleambally Catchment Drain (CCD)

August 5 1996: Atrazine 0.14ug/L

October 1995: Endosulfan 0.014ug/L

October 1995: Metolachlor 0.115ug/L

October 1995: Molinate 37ug/L

September 10 2013: Simazine 0.46ug/L

October 1995: Thiobencarb 0.24ug/L

Coleambally Catchment Drain (CCD)

August 5 1996: Atrazine 0.14ug/L

October 1995: Endosulfan 0.014ug/L

October 1995: Metolachlor 0.115ug/L

October 1995: Molinate 37ug/L

September 10 2013: Simazine 0.46ug/L

October 1995: Thiobencarb 0.24ug/L

1997 January – 2013 November: Coleambally Main Canal at Sturt Highway. Pesticides: Multiple

Coleambally Main Canal at Sturt Highway - Site CCS

Atrazine: 0.14ug/L Sep 10 2013

Chlorpyrifos: 0.022ug/L 15/11/13

Endosulfan: 0.001ug/L 10/9/00

Metolachlor: 0.586ug/L 15/12/05

Molinate: 0.15ug/L 20/1/97

Simazine: 1.7ug/L 16/11/06

15/12/05 Coleambally Main Canal at Sturt Highway 0.586ug/L

Atrazine: 0.14ug/L Sep 10 2013

Chlorpyrifos: 0.022ug/L 15/11/13

Endosulfan: 0.001ug/L 10/9/00

Metolachlor: 0.586ug/L 15/12/05

Molinate: 0.15ug/L 20/1/97

Simazine: 1.7ug/L 16/11/06

 

 

 

 

1994 February – 2013 September: South Drain at Yanco Creek (NSW). Pesticides: Multiple

South Drain at Yanco Creek. Site DC800

Highest Values Only

2,4-D: 2.4ug/L Feb 95

Atrazine: 42ug/L 10/9/13

Chlorpyrifos: 0.031ug/L 3/11/05

Diuron: 11ug/L 13/10/99

Endosulfan: 0.1ug/L Feb 95

Malathion: 0.54ug/L 13/12/06

MCPA: 1.9ug/L 1/12/97

Metolachlor: 3.3ug/L 1/12/97

Molinate: 19ug/L Feb 94, 15ug/L 13/11/12

Simazine: 5.5ug/L 14/6/13, 5ug/L 13/11/00

Thiobencarb: 0.587ug/L 3/11/05

South Drain at Yanco Creek. Site DC800

Highest Values Only

2,4-D: 2.4ug/L Feb 95

Atrazine: 42ug/L 10/9/13

Chlorpyrifos: 0.031ug/L 3/11/05

Diuron: 11ug/L 13/10/99

Endosulfan: 0.1ug/L Feb 95

Malathion: 0.54ug/L 13/12/06

MCPA: 1.9ug/L 1/12/97

Metolachlor: 3.3ug/L 1/12/97

Molinate: 19ug/L Feb 94, 15ug/L 13/11/12

Simazine: 5.5ug/L 14/6/13, 5ug/L 13/11/00

Thiobencarb: 0.587ug/L 3/11/05

 

1995 Feb – 2016 May: Coleambally Outfall Drain (NSW). Pesticides: Multiple

Coleambally Outfall Drain (CODA) Feb 1995-May 2016

Highest levels only.

2,4-D: 1.2ug/L February 1995

Atrazine: 46ug/L Sep 10 2013

Diuron: 3ug/L May 18 1999

Endosulfan: 0.1ug/L May 11 2006

MCPA: 0.59ug/L February 1995

Metolachlor: 0.82ug/L November 3 1997

Molinate: 17.61ug/L November 3 1997

Simazine: 1.095ug/L December 12 2005

Thiobnecarb: 0.66ug/L April 3 1997

Source: Murray Irrigation

Coleambally Outfall Drain (CODA) Feb 1995-May 2016

Highest levels only.

2,4-D: 1.2ug/L February 1995

Atrazine: 46ug/L Sep 10 2013

Diuron: 3ug/L May 18 1999

Endosulfan: 0.1ug/L May 11 2006

MCPA: 0.59ug/L February 1995

Metolachlor: 0.82ug/L November 3 1997

Molinate: 17.61ug/L November 3 1997

Simazine: 1.095ug/L December 12 2005

Thiobnecarb: 0.66ug/L April 3 1997

Source: Murray Irrigation

 

2012 November: Lalalty (NSW). Pesticide: Molinate

3 November 2012: Molinate 5ug/L

Lalalty NSW SWC; TUPJ 409090

Source: Murray Irrigation Pty Ltd

3 November 2012: Molinate 5ug/L

Lalalty NSW SWC; TUPJ 409090

Source: Murray Irrigation Pty Ltd

2014: Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area Site ROCUDG. Pesticides: Multiple

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Limited

Licence Compliance Report 2014 - Site ROCUDG

Highest totals only

June 2014: Atrazine 0.037ug/L

June 2014: Diuron 2.3ug/L

May 2014: Malathion 0.004ug/L

June 2014: Metalochlor 0.037ug/L

June 2014: Simazine 1.91ug/L

May 2014: Trifluralin 0.019ug/L

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Limited

Licence Compliance Report 2014 – Site ROCUDG

Highest totals only

June 2014: Atrazine 0.037ug/L

June 2014: Diuron 2.3ug/L

May 2014: Malathion 0.004ug/L

June 2014: Metalochlor 0.037ug/L

June 2014: Simazine 1.91ug/L

May 2014: Trifluralin 0.019ug/L

2014: Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (Site GMSRR). Pesticides: Multiple

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Limited

Licence Compliance Report 2014 - Site GMSRR

June 2014: Atrazine 2.45ug/L

May 2014: Chlorpyrifos 0.02ug/L

June 2014: Diuron 3.7ug/L

April 2014: Malathion 0.004ug/L

June 2014: Metalochlor 0.014ug/L

June 2014: Molinate 0.011ug/L

June 2014: Simazine 9.21ug/L

April 2014: Trifluralin 0.019ug/L

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Limited

Licence Compliance Report 2014 – Site GMSRR

June 2014: Atrazine 2.45ug/L

May 2014: Chlorpyrifos 0.02ug/L

June 2014: Diuron 3.7ug/L

April 2014: Malathion 0.004ug/L

June 2014: Metalochlor 0.014ug/L

June 2014: Molinate 0.011ug/L

June 2014: Simazine 9.21ug/L

April 2014: Trifluralin 0.019ug/L

 

2013-2014: Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (YMS). Pesticides: Metolachlor, Atrazine, Chlorpyrifos, Diuron, Simazine

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Ltd

Annual Compliance Report 2015 p73 Monitoring Results for Point YMS

25/9/14: Metolachlor 0.058ug/L

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Ltd – Site YMS

Annual Compliance Report 2015 p73 Monitoring Results for Point YMS

25/9/14: Metolachlor 0.058ug/L

Murrumbidgee Irrigation 2014 Licence Compliance Report 2014 (Highest Totals)

September 2013: Atrazine 0.247ug/L

June 2014: Chlorpyrifos 0.011ug/L

June 2014: Diuron 0.7ug/L

April 2014: Metalochlor 0.126ug/L

September 2013: Simazine 6.66ug/L

 

2014/15: Murrumbidgee Catchment: Pesticides: Diuron, Metolachlor

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Ltd

Annual Compliance Report 2015 p72 Monitoring Results for Point 4 LAG

5/9/14: Diuron 5.36ug/L

15/9/14: Metolachlor 0.187ug/L

17/10/14: Diuron 1.01ug/L

31/10/14: Diuron 1.75ug/L

3/2/15: Diuron 2.3ug/L

3/2/15: Metolachlor 0.03ug/L

2014 Licence Compliance Report (High detections only)

May 2014: Atrazine 3.65ug/L

May 2014: Chlorpyrifos 0.018ug/L

April 2014: Diuron 245ug/L

June 2014: Metalachlor 0.601

November 2014: Molinate 5ug/L

August 2014: Simazine 8.45ug/L

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Ltd

Annual Compliance Report 2015 p72 Monitoring Results for Point 4 LAG

5/9/14: Diuron 5.36ug/L

15/9/14: Metolachlor 0.187ug/L

17/10/14: Diuron 1.01ug/L

31/10/14: Diuron 1.75ug/L

3/2/15: Diuron 2.3ug/L

3/2/15: Metolachlor 0.03ug/L

2014 Licence Compliance Report (High detections only)

May 2014: Atrazine 3.65ug/L

May 2014: Chlorpyrifos 0.018ug/L

April 2014: Diuron 245ug/L

June 2014: Metalachlor 0.601

November 2014: Molinate 5ug/L

August 2014: Simazine 8.45ug/L

 

 

2011 October/November: Box Creek (NSW). Pesticides: Atrazine, Molinate

Box Creek. Site MOXM 409090

20/10/11 Atrazine 1.4ug/L

29/10/11 Molinate 19.6ug/L

1/11/11 Molinate 68ug/L

10/11/11 Molinate 0.6ug/L

15/11/11 Molinate 21.3ug/L

22/11/11 Molinate 2.8ug/L

29/11/11 Molinate 5.3ug/L

(2012/13 Annual Compliance Report)

(10/11/12) Molinate 18ug/L

(10/11/12) Thiobencarb 1ug/L

Source: Murray Irrigation Compliance Report 2011/12

https://www.murrayirrigation.com.au/media/9960/Annual%20Compliance%20Report%202011-12.pdf

Box Creek. Site MOXM 409090

20/10/11 Atrazine 1.4ug/L

29/10/11 Molinate 19.6ug/L

1/11/11 Molinate 68ug/L

10/11/11 Molinate 0.6ug/L

15/11/11 Molinate 21.3ug/L

22/11/11 Molinate 2.8ug/L

29/11/11 Molinate 5.3ug/L

(2012/13 Annual Compliance Report)

(10/11/12) Molinate 18ug/L

(10/11/12) Thiobencarb 1ug/L

Source: Murray Irrigation Compliance Report 2011/12

https://www.murrayirrigation.com.au/media/9960/Annual%20Compliance%20Report%202011-12.pdf

 

1998/2001: Tuppal Creek NSW. Pesticides: Multiple

Highest Levels detected in Tuppal Creek 1998 & 2001

Molinate: 12.9ug/L 29/10/98

Oxychlordane: 0.02ug/L October 1998

Atrazine: 0.195ug/L 13/6/01

Simazine: 0.4ug/L 13/6/01

Glyphosate: 6ug/L 10/8/01

Dimethoate: 0.2ug/L

Note: Molinate and Thiobencarb were detected at 5851ug/L and 4393ug/L respectively using TRIMPS in October/November 1998.

Pesticide Discharges from Irrigated Agriculture in the Murray Irrigation Area, NSW South Wales Australia - NSW EPA 2002

Highest Levels detected in Tuppal Creek 1998 & 2001

Molinate: 12.9ug/L 29/10/98

Oxychlordane: 0.02ug/L October 1998

Atrazine: 0.195ug/L 13/6/01

Simazine: 0.4ug/L 13/6/01

Glyphosate: 6ug/L 10/8/01

Dimethoate: 0.2ug/L

Note: Molinate and Thiobencarb were detected at 5851ug/L and 4393ug/L respectively using TRIMPS in October/November 1998.

Pesticide Discharges from Irrigated Agriculture in the Murray Irrigation Area, NSW South Wales Australia – NSW EPA 2002

1995 May/July. Murrumbidgee River. Pesticides: Atrazine, Simazine

However, some initial testing by the NSW Department of Land & Water Conservation (G Carter, NSW DWR, Leeton office, pers. comm.) has detected simazine in the Jugiong Creek (0.4μg/L on 25th May 1995) and both simazine and atrazine in the Murrumbidgee River at Wagga Wagga (0.3μg/L simazine on 26th May 1995 and 0.2μg/L atrazine on 6th July1995).

p99 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW 1990 - 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas

However, some initial testing by the NSW Department of Land & Water Conservation (G Carter, NSW DWR, Leeton office, pers. comm.) has detected simazine in the Jugiong Creek (0.4μg/L on 25th May 1995) and both simazine and atrazine in the Murrumbidgee River at Wagga Wagga (0.3μg/L simazine on 26th May 1995 and 0.2μg/L atrazine on 6th July1995).

p99 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW 1990 – 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas

1995 May: Jugiong Creek. Pesticide: Simazine

However, some initial testing by the NSW Department of Land & Water Conservation (G Carter, NSW DWR, Leeton office, pers. comm.) has detected simazine in the Jugiong Creek (0.4μg/L on 25th May 1995) and both simazine and atrazine in the Murrumbidgee River at Wagga Wagga (0.3μg/L simazine on 26th May 1995 and 0.2μg/L atrazine on 6th July1995).

p99 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW 1990 - 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas

However, some initial testing by the NSW Department of Land & Water Conservation (G Carter, NSW DWR, Leeton office, pers. comm.) has detected simazine in the Jugiong Creek (0.4μg/L on 25th May 1995) and both simazine and atrazine in the Murrumbidgee River at Wagga Wagga (0.3μg/L simazine on 26th May 1995 and 0.2μg/L atrazine on 6th July1995).

p99 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW 1990 – 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas

1992: Willbriggie Irrigation District Sediments: Pesticides: Alpha-BHC, Dieldrin, DDE and DDD

Davies analysed sediments from Barren Box Swamp, Yanco Main Drain, Cooragool Lagoon, and three rice farms. Alpha-BHC, Dieldrin DDE and DDD were detected in one or more of the soil samples from rice farms, with the highest concentration being 0.136 mg/kg of DDE (Table 26). Sediment samples from Yanco Main Drain and Cooragool Lagoon contained traces of DDE, DDD and DDT but not alpha-BHC or dieldrin (Table 27). Although Davies did not detect

organochlorine residues in sediment from Barren Box Swamp, Garbin (1992), in a separate set of

measurements, detected trace levels of DDT residues in both sediment and biota.

p84 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW 1990 - 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas

Davies analysed sediments from Barren Box Swamp, Yanco Main Drain, Cooragool Lagoon, and three rice farms. Alpha-BHC, Dieldrin DDE and DDD were detected in one or more of the soil samples from rice farms, with the highest concentration being 0.136 mg/kg of DDE (Table 26). Sediment samples from Yanco Main Drain and Cooragool Lagoon contained traces of DDE, DDD and DDT but not alpha-BHC or dieldrin (Table 27). Although Davies did not detect

organochlorine residues in sediment from Barren Box Swamp, Garbin (1992), in a separate set of

measurements, detected trace levels of DDT residues in both sediment and biota.

p84 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW 1990 – 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas

1994 October/November: Mirrool Creek/Little Mirrool Creek. Pesticides: Multiple

Drainage water in Little Mirrool Creek and Mirrool Creek at McNamara Rd (just above Willow Dam), and supply water at the Gogeldrie Supply Branch.

Highest Levels

Molinate: ~40ug/L 6/11/94

Malathion: ~0.55ug/L 22/10/94

Chlorpyrifos: ~0.08ug/L 19/11/94

Thiobencarb: ~4ug/L 8/11/94

Endosulfan: ~0.1ug/L 15/11/94

Diuron: ~7.5ug/L 18/10/94

Atrazine: ~1ug/L October 1994

Metolachlor: 1.8ug/L October 1994

p74-82 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW

1990 - 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas

Drainage water in Little Mirrool Creek and Mirrool Creek at McNamara Rd (just above Willow Dam), and supply water at the Gogeldrie Supply Branch.

 

Highest Levels

Molinate: ~40ug/L 6/11/94

Malathion: ~0.55ug/L 22/10/94

Chlorpyrifos: ~0.08ug/L 19/11/94

Thiobencarb: ~4ug/L 8/11/94

Endosulfan: ~0.1ug/L 15/11/94

Diuron: ~7.5ug/L 18/10/94

Atrazine: ~1ug/L October 1994

Metolachlor: 1.8ug/L October 1994

 

p74-82 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW

1990 – 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas

1991 November: Mirrool Creek. Pesticides: Molinate, Chlorpyrifos. Atrazine, Diuron

November 1991 Grab Samples from Mirrool Creek

6 locations

Molinate: 18ug/L Drew Road (max detection)

Chlorpyrifos 17ug/L Drew Road (max detection)

Atrazine: 2.2ug/L Drew Road (max detection)

Diuron: 0.17ug/L Brogden Road (Max detection)

p73 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW

1990 - 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas

November 1991 Grab Samples from Mirrool Creek

6 locations

Molinate: 18ug/L Drew Road (max detection)

Chlorpyrifos 17ug/L Drew Road (max detection)

Atrazine: 2.2ug/L Drew Road (max detection)

Diuron: 0.17ug/L Brogden Road (Max detection)

p73 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW

1990 – 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas

1992 November: Merungle Hill (NSW). Pesticides: Bromacil, Diuron

Surface Runoff Citrus Farm November 1992 Merungle Hill NSW

Maximum Concentrations

Bromacil 15ug/L, Diuron 20ug/L.

p73 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW

1990 - 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas

Surface Runoff Citrus Farm November 1992 Merungle Hill NSW

Maximum Concentrations

Bromacil 15ug/L, Diuron 20ug/L.

p73 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW

1990 - 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas

Surface Runoff Citrus Farm November 1992 Merungle Hill NSW

Maximum Concentrations

Bromacil 15ug/L, Diuron 20ug/L.

p73 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW

1990 – 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas

1991 October: Pesticide Export from Rice Pasture Willbriggie NSW. Pesticides: Molinate, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos, Atrazine

1991 Pesticide Export from Rice Pasture

October 1991

Molinate: 75ug/L (average), 818 (maximum)

Malathion: 0.21ug/L (average), ~8ug/L (maximum)

Chlorpyrifos: 0.17ug/L (average), ~9ug/L (maximum)

Atrazine: 45ug/L (average), ~250ug/L (maximum

p70-71 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 - 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT

1991 Pesticide Export from Rice Pasture

October 1991

Molinate: 75ug/L (average), 818 (maximum)

Malathion: 0.21ug/L (average), ~8ug/L (maximum)

Chlorpyrifos: 0.17ug/L (average), ~9ug/L (maximum)

Atrazine: 45ug/L (average), ~250ug/L (maximum

p70-71 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 – 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT

1992 October: Willbriggie Irrigation Area Rice Bays/Drains. Pesticides: Molinate, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos

In 1992 (October) individual rice farms that were draining floodwater were monitored at the farm

drain exit. Pesticide concentrations determined in the drainage water were compared to the pesticide concentrations found in the nearest rice bay of the farm. The maximum concentrations of rice pesticides detected in the bays and drains are shown below:

 

Maximum Concentrations

 

Molinate: 1840ug/L Rice Bays. 1480ug/L Drains

Malathion: 25ug/L Rice Bays. 15ug/L Drains

Chlorpyrifos: 38ug/L Rice Bays. 7.1ug/L Drains

On at least one occasion (when a malathion concentration of 15μg/L was detected), aerial overspray of the drain with malathion impregnated rice was indicated.

In general if rice floodwater overflowed to the drain, as opposed to seeping through rice bay banks orleaking at control gates, the difference in concentration of pesticide residues detected in the bay

floodwater compared with the concentration in the drainage water, was minimal.

p69 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 - 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT

In 1992 (October) individual rice farms that were draining floodwater were monitored at the farm

drain exit. Pesticide concentrations determined in the drainage water were compared to the pesticide concentrations found in the nearest rice bay of the farm. The maximum concentrations of rice pesticides detected in the bays and drains are shown below:

Maximum Concentrations

Molinate: 1840ug/L Rice Bays. 1480ug/L Drains

Malathion: 25ug/L Rice Bays. 15ug/L Drains

Chlorpyrifos: 38ug/L Rice Bays. 7.1ug/L Drains

 

On at least one occasion (when a malathion concentration of 15μg/L was detected), aerial overspray of the drain with malathion impregnated rice was indicated.

In general if rice floodwater overflowed to the drain, as opposed to seeping through rice bay banks orleaking at control gates, the difference in concentration of pesticide residues detected in the bay

floodwater compared with the concentration in the drainage water, was minimal.

p69 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 – 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT

2015 September: Naring (Vic) Hundreds of Km’s of Drains and Channels contaminated. Pesticide: Imazapyr

Authority cops spray over timing

Some irrigators want to know why Goulburn-Murray Water was applying a herbicide weed spray to channels so close to the start of the irrigation season.

September 1, 2015

 

Chemical residues are holding up the new irrigation season.

 

G-MW is still trying to clear irrigation channels that contain residue from the spray, two weeks after the irrigation season was supposed to have started.

The authority says the spray containing Imazapyr was applied in May, June and July.

Some landholders have been supplied with trucked-in supplies of stock and domestic water while they wait for the residue to disappear.

Naring farmer Barry Croke said he saw G-MW spraying weeds in channels near his property in late July.

He said the use of the herbicide so close to the start of the season raised questions about the efficacy of the treatment and the threat of residues.

Instructions for the spray when being used for irrigation channels say: ‘‘If the entire (empty) channel surface is to be treated, delay reuse of the channel for as long as possible (at least six weeks) for Arsenal Xpress to adsorb to soil particles.’’

During routine testing, G-MW detected residual traces of Imazapyr, an active ingredient contained in herbicides used to control the aquatic weed arrowhead, in the water of some treated channels.

‘‘This should have been completed by mid-June at the latest,’’ Mr Croke said.

He was one of dozens of farmers told they could not access water at the start of the season because of the spray residues.

‘‘If you don’t give it time, then the active ingredient will not be fixed in the soil and it will be leached out by the flushing of water.’’

Mr Croke also raised the issue of compensation for being shut out of water deliveries.

‘‘We’re paying our delivery share for access to the system from August to May. I suppose we will still get the bill for access for that whole time.’’

While staff had been keeping him up-to-date on the outcome of testing, he believed the spraying program had been badly managed.

G-MW is continuing to open channels affected by residues but on Monday morning about 300 customers were still affected.

A spokesperson for G-MW said it was expected all customers would have access to water for irrigation and stock and domestic purposes by the end of this week.

‘‘We are working with customers to ensure we’re meeting their water needs.’’

G-MW has not yet commented on questions over whether affected irrigators will be compensated.

The Environment Protection Authority has been advised of the spray issue.

EPA north-east manager Clare Kiely said G-MW had advised EPA of its plan to flush the water from the channels and to contain it in drains until tests for Imazapyr came back clear.

G-MW will then move the water back into its supply channel.

G-MW has sent EPA results of its testing of waterways and EPA is confident the results confirm there will not be any impact on the environment.

‘‘While G-MW has adopted a very prudent and precautionary approach to managing this very low risk issue, EPA will seek the outcomes of G-MW’s internal review of this event to ensure procedures are appropriately revised to prevent the risk of any re-occurrences of this type,’’ Ms Kiely said.

https://www.mmg.com.au/local-news/country-news/authority-cops-spray-over-timing-1.98816

Authority cops spray over timing

Some irrigators want to know why Goulburn-Murray Water was applying a herbicide weed spray to channels so close to the start of the irrigation season.

September 1, 2015

Chemical residues are holding up the new irrigation season.

G-MW is still trying to clear irrigation channels that contain residue from the spray, two weeks after the irrigation season was supposed to have started.

The authority says the spray containing Imazapyr was applied in May, June and July.

Some landholders have been supplied with trucked-in supplies of stock and domestic water while they wait for the residue to disappear.

Naring farmer Barry Croke said he saw G-MW spraying weeds in channels near his property in late July.

He said the use of the herbicide so close to the start of the season raised questions about the efficacy of the treatment and the threat of residues.

Instructions for the spray when being used for irrigation channels say: ‘‘If the entire (empty) channel surface is to be treated, delay reuse of the channel for as long as possible (at least six weeks) for Arsenal Xpress to adsorb to soil particles.’’

During routine testing, G-MW detected residual traces of Imazapyr, an active ingredient contained in herbicides used to control the aquatic weed arrowhead, in the water of some treated channels.

‘‘This should have been completed by mid-June at the latest,’’ Mr Croke said.

He was one of dozens of farmers told they could not access water at the start of the season because of the spray residues.

‘‘If you don’t give it time, then the active ingredient will not be fixed in the soil and it will be leached out by the flushing of water.’’

Mr Croke also raised the issue of compensation for being shut out of water deliveries.

‘‘We’re paying our delivery share for access to the system from August to May. I suppose we will still get the bill for access for that whole time.’’

While staff had been keeping him up-to-date on the outcome of testing, he believed the spraying program had been badly managed.

G-MW is continuing to open channels affected by residues but on Monday morning about 300 customers were still affected.

A spokesperson for G-MW said it was expected all customers would have access to water for irrigation and stock and domestic purposes by the end of this week.

‘‘We are working with customers to ensure we’re meeting their water needs.’’

G-MW has not yet commented on questions over whether affected irrigators will be compensated.

The Environment Protection Authority has been advised of the spray issue.

EPA north-east manager Clare Kiely said G-MW had advised EPA of its plan to flush the water from the channels and to contain it in drains until tests for Imazapyr came back clear.

G-MW will then move the water back into its supply channel.

G-MW has sent EPA results of its testing of waterways and EPA is confident the results confirm there will not be any impact on the environment.

‘‘While G-MW has adopted a very prudent and precautionary approach to managing this very low risk issue, EPA will seek the outcomes of G-MW’s internal review of this event to ensure procedures are appropriately revised to prevent the risk of any re-occurrences of this type,’’ Ms Kiely said.

https://www.mmg.com.au/local-news/country-news/authority-cops-spray-over-timing-1.98816

2016 June: Norton Estate (Vic). Spray drift on Vineyard

Norton Estate owners frustrated with spray drift damage

June 9, 2016, The Wimmera Mail Times

A WIMMERA winery owner has urged farmers and agronomists to take extreme caution with chemicals after a toxic herbicide drifted into his vineyard.

Norton Estate owner Chris Spence was working in his Lower Norton vineyard in May when he noticed a pungent chemical smell drifting from the south.

“Being aware of what different farm chemicals smell like, I was pretty confident it was an ester drift,” he said.

“Ester is a highly effective broad-leaf weed control, but orchards and vineyards are highly susceptible to ester vapour damage.

“It has the potential to drift up to 25 kilometres in the right conditions. It’s a product that’s been looked at and could probably be banned in two to three years because of its volatility.”

Mr Spence said a Department of Agriculture inspector would visit his vineyard today.

He said it would be three to four months before he knew the ramifications for his vineyard.

“There is a bit of leaf damage to the vines, but we won’t know what sort of damage has been done to this year’s fruit until spring,” he said.

“Fingers crossed the vines were starting to move into dormancy and weren’t hit as hard as they could have been if it was earlier in the season.

“It would be a disaster for us because it’s our oldest block of shiraz.

“If we have to replant, we then have to wait two decades to get any fruit from it.

“Then there’s also a massive cost involved to replant.”

Mr Spence said it was too late to change what happened to his vineyard, but his case was a valuable lesson.

“Not only do farmers need to be vigilant with regard to knowing what is around them and using the wrong chemcials on the wrong day, but agronomists need to be equally as cautious,” he said.

“All of our immediate neighbours are very conscious of what they spray.

“But given ester can drift for vast distances, it's the ones that could be five, 10, or 25 kilometres away who could do the damage and not necessarily realise.

“What farmers out there would like to have a poorly applied herbicide used by one of their neighbours affect them for the next 20 years?”
https://www.mailtimes.com.au/story/3958856/wimmera-vines-damaged-after-deadly-spray-drifts/

Norton Estate owners frustrated with spray drift damage

June 9, 2016, The Wimmera Mail Times

A WIMMERA winery owner has urged farmers and agronomists to take extreme caution with chemicals after a toxic herbicide drifted into his vineyard.

Norton Estate owner Chris Spence was working in his Lower Norton vineyard in May when he noticed a pungent chemical smell drifting from the south.

“Being aware of what different farm chemicals smell like, I was pretty confident it was an ester drift,” he said.

“Ester is a highly effective broad-leaf weed control, but orchards and vineyards are highly susceptible to ester vapour damage.

“It has the potential to drift up to 25 kilometres in the right conditions. It’s a product that’s been looked at and could probably be banned in two to three years because of its volatility.”

Mr Spence said a Department of Agriculture inspector would visit his vineyard today.

He said it would be three to four months before he knew the ramifications for his vineyard.

“There is a bit of leaf damage to the vines, but we won’t know what sort of damage has been done to this year’s fruit until spring,” he said.

“Fingers crossed the vines were starting to move into dormancy and weren’t hit as hard as they could have been if it was earlier in the season.

“It would be a disaster for us because it’s our oldest block of shiraz.

“If we have to replant, we then have to wait two decades to get any fruit from it.

“Then there’s also a massive cost involved to replant.”

Mr Spence said it was too late to change what happened to his vineyard, but his case was a valuable lesson.

“Not only do farmers need to be vigilant with regard to knowing what is around them and using the wrong chemcials on the wrong day, but agronomists need to be equally as cautious,” he said.

“All of our immediate neighbours are very conscious of what they spray.

“But given ester can drift for vast distances, it’s the ones that could be five, 10, or 25 kilometres away who could do the damage and not necessarily realise.

“What farmers out there would like to have a poorly applied herbicide used by one of their neighbours affect them for the next 20 years?”
https://www.mailtimes.com.au/story/3958856/wimmera-vines-damaged-after-deadly-spray-drifts/

 

1992/3: Individual Farm Drains Willbriggie (NSW). Pesticides:

1992/3 Farm Drains Willbriggie Irrigation Area NSW

Molinate 700ug/L  (retested March 1994 at end of growing season: 0.3ug/L)

Malathion 30ug/L (retested March 1994 at end of growing season: 0.3ug/L)

Chlorpyrifos 25ug/L (retested March 1994 at end of growing season: not detected)

Atrazine 79ug/L (retested March 1994 at end of growing season: 1.1ug/L)

Metolachlor 120ug/L (retested March 1994 at end of growing season: 3.2ug/L)

Thiobencarb 3ug/L (retested March 1994 at end of growing season: 0.24ug/L)

Bensulfuron 4.9ug/L (retested March 1994 at end of growing season: 0.08ug/L)

p68 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 - 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT

1992/3 Farm Drains Willbriggie Irrigation Area NSW

Molinate 700ug/L  (retested March 1994 at end of growing season: 0.3ug/L)

Malathion 30ug/L (retested March 1994 at end of growing season: 0.3ug/L)

Chlorpyrifos 25ug/L (retested March 1994 at end of growing season: not detected)

Atrazine 79ug/L (retested March 1994 at end of growing season: 1.1ug/L)

Metolachlor 120ug/L (retested March 1994 at end of growing season: 3.2ug/L)

Thiobencarb 3ug/L (retested March 1994 at end of growing season: 0.24ug/L)

Bensulfuron 4.9ug/L (retested March 1994 at end of growing season: 0.08ug/L)

p68 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 – 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT

1993 October/November: Willbriggie Irrigation District. Pesticides: Multiple

Willbriggie Irrigation Area October - November 1993

Drainage from either rice or maize crops in water channel (not all samples listed here)

Atrazine: 88ug/L November 1993, 58ug/L October 1993

Metolachlor: 140ug/L November 9 1993, 120ug/L November 11 1993, ~115ug/L November 21 1993, ~112ug/L November 19 1993

Molinate: ~270ug/L November 29 1993, ~200ug/L November 19 1993

Malathion: ~5.5ug/L October 1993

Thiobencarb: ~3ug/L November 1993

Bensulfuron: ~5.8ug/L November 1993

Chlorpyrifos: ~0.07ug/L November 23 1993, ~0.06ug/L November 21 1993

p57 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 - 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT

Willbriggie Irrigation Area October – November 1993

Drainage from either rice or maize crops in water channel (not all samples listed here)

Atrazine: 88ug/L November 1993, 58ug/L October 1993

Metolachlor: 140ug/L November 9 1993, 120ug/L November 11 1993, ~115ug/L November 21 1993, ~112ug/L November 19 1993

Molinate: ~270ug/L November 29 1993, ~200ug/L November 19 1993

Malathion: ~5.5ug/L October 1993

Thiobencarb: ~3ug/L November 1993

Bensulfuron: ~5.8ug/L November 1993

Chlorpyrifos: ~0.07ug/L November 23 1993, ~0.06ug/L November 21 1993

p57 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 – 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT

1994 March: Wakool River Kyalite. Pesticide: Molinate

River water leaving the region was represented by the samples taken in the Wakool River at Kyalite. The one positive sample obtained here, molinate in March 1994, was coincident with three other positive samples for molinate in drainage water at other sampling sites.

p57 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 - 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT

River water leaving the region was represented by the samples taken in the Wakool River at Kyalite. The one positive sample obtained here, molinate in March 1994, was coincident with three other positive samples for molinate in drainage water at other sampling sites.

 

p57 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 – 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT

1992 November: Niemur Drain. Pesticide: Molinate

The maximum concentration of 36μg/L was recorded in November 1992 in the Niemur drain and is 14 times higher than the guidelines for ecosystem protection.

p57 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 - 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT

The maximum concentration of 36μg/L was recorded in November 1992 in the Niemur drain and is 14 times higher than the guidelines for ecosystem protection.

 

p57 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 – 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT

1994 October – 1995 February: Coleambally Irrigation Area Surface Water. Pesticides: Multiple

Pesticide Concentrations in Coleambally Irrigation Area Surface Water 1994-5 Season

Highest concentrations only.

Diuron 0.3ug/L December 1994

Atrazine 0.35ug/L November 1994

MCPA 0.59ug/L February 1995

2,4-D 2.1ug/L February 1995

Endosulfan 0.1ug/L February 1995

Thiobencarb 2.7ug/L October 1994

Molinate 20ug/L November 1994

p55 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 - 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT

Pesticide Concentrations in Coleambally Irrigation Area Surface Water 1994-5 Season

Highest concentrations only.

Diuron 0.3ug/L December 1994

Atrazine 0.35ug/L November 1994

MCPA 0.59ug/L February 1995

2,4-D 2.1ug/L February 1995

Endosulfan 0.1ug/L February 1995

Thiobencarb 2.7ug/L October 1994

Molinate 20ug/L November 1994

p55 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 – 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT

2016 June: Aerial Spraying Complaint WA. Pesticide: Glyphosate, Metsulfuron Methyl

Organic South West farm hold grave fears over aerial glyphosate spraying

 

June 7 2016 WA Today

 

South West farmers Jeff Pow and Michelle McManus have raised serious concerns about the destruction of their livelihood after the state government started an aerial pesticide spraying program around their property on Wednesday. 

The pair have owned Southampton Homestead near Balingup since 2010 and have built up a successful enterprise based around holistic land management –  a farming technique which restores pastures and uses animals to build biodiversity without the need for chemicals and pesticides.

The pair won the 2015 WA Landcare award for innovation and sustainable farm practices. They are now named as a finalist for the national award in the same category for 2016. 

Their business philosophy involves bringing fresh produce and poultry to market that have been raised 100 per cent chemical free. 

But their property is surrounded by pine plantations managed by the Forest Products Commission which are being sprayed with metsulfuron and glyphosate (roundup). 

Mr Pow said he has serious concerns about what the chemicals will do to his organic produce. 

"These compounds will leach into the river and directly destroy the algal microbial communities which are the foundation of the food chain in this water system," he said. 

"This will devastate the marron and fish populations, including brown trout, rainbow trout and redfin, that currently inhabit the waterway.

"Losing the marron is particularly concerning as Southampton have started farming them as a new enterprise.

Forest Products Commission general manager Gavin Butcher said the commission notified neighbours of the spraying program and work with landholders to resolve concerns raised. 

"The sawlogs from this plantation will be used to supply the Western Australian softwood industry," he said. 

"Weed control in young pine plantations is required to ensure the seedlings' successful development and plantation productivity. 

"The FPC has obligations under the Forest Management Plan 2014-2023 and the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 to control declared weeds present within their plantation."

 

Last year the World Health Organisation's International Agency for Research on Cancer declared it is probable that glyphosate is carcinogenic to humans. 

Mr Butcher said FPC uses products registered for forestry use of which glyphosate, an effective broad-spectrum herbicide, is one. 

"As Australia's agricultural and veterinary chemical regulator, it is the role of the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority to consider all relevant scientific material when determining the likely impacts on human health and worker safety," he said. 

"The current assessment by the authority is that products containing glyphosate are safe to use as per the label instructions." 

Mr Pow said he will now be required to undertake an expensive chemical testing regime of his produce for contamination. 

"Should the results come back positive, it will effectively end our enterprise as the customers that buy our products are purchasing a clean, green and natural food," he said. 

"We sell 12,000 chickens a year and our customers will be unwilling to keep purchasing if the produce has any detectable levels of the compounds being applied by the FPC."

- Andrew Elstermann, Donnybrook Mail

https://www.watoday.com.au/wa-news/organic-south-west-farm-hold-grave-fears-over-aerial-glyphosate-spraying-20160606-gpd3bc.html

Organic South West farm hold grave fears over aerial glyphosate spraying

June 7 2016 WA Today

South West farmers Jeff Pow and Michelle McManus have raised serious concerns about the destruction of their livelihood after the state government started an aerial pesticide spraying program around their property on Wednesday.

The pair have owned Southampton Homestead near Balingup since 2010 and have built up a successful enterprise based around holistic land management –  a farming technique which restores pastures and uses animals to build biodiversity without the need for chemicals and pesticides.

The pair won the 2015 WA Landcare award for innovation and sustainable farm practices. They are now named as a finalist for the national award in the same category for 2016.

Their business philosophy involves bringing fresh produce and poultry to market that have been raised 100 per cent chemical free.

But their property is surrounded by pine plantations managed by the Forest Products Commission which are being sprayed with metsulfuron and glyphosate (roundup).

Mr Pow said he has serious concerns about what the chemicals will do to his organic produce.

“These compounds will leach into the river and directly destroy the algal microbial communities which are the foundation of the food chain in this water system,” he said.

“This will devastate the marron and fish populations, including brown trout, rainbow trout and redfin, that currently inhabit the waterway.

“Losing the marron is particularly concerning as Southampton have started farming them as a new enterprise.

Forest Products Commission general manager Gavin Butcher said the commission notified neighbours of the spraying program and work with landholders to resolve concerns raised.

“The sawlogs from this plantation will be used to supply the Western Australian softwood industry,” he said.

“Weed control in young pine plantations is required to ensure the seedlings’ successful development and plantation productivity.

“The FPC has obligations under the Forest Management Plan 2014-2023 and the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 to control declared weeds present within their plantation.”

Last year the World Health Organisation’s International Agency for Research on Cancer declared it is probable that glyphosate is carcinogenic to humans.

Mr Butcher said FPC uses products registered for forestry use of which glyphosate, an effective broad-spectrum herbicide, is one.

“As Australia’s agricultural and veterinary chemical regulator, it is the role of the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority to consider all relevant scientific material when determining the likely impacts on human health and worker safety,” he said.

“The current assessment by the authority is that products containing glyphosate are safe to use as per the label instructions.”

Mr Pow said he will now be required to undertake an expensive chemical testing regime of his produce for contamination.

“Should the results come back positive, it will effectively end our enterprise as the customers that buy our products are purchasing a clean, green and natural food,” he said.

“We sell 12,000 chickens a year and our customers will be unwilling to keep purchasing if the produce has any detectable levels of the compounds being applied by the FPC.”

– Andrew Elstermann, Donnybrook Mail

https://www.watoday.com.au/wa-news/organic-south-west-farm-hold-grave-fears-over-aerial-glyphosate-spraying-20160606-gpd3bc.html

1993: Coleambally Irrigation Area Large Drains. Pesticides: Multiple

1991-1993 Pesticide concentrations in large drains of the Coleambally Irrigation Area

Endosulfan 0.25ug/L, Atrazine 5.7ug/L, Molinate 50.3ug/L, Diuron 3.7ug/L, Simazine 0.1ug/L, Malathion 0.8ug/L, Diazinon 0.1ug/L, Chlorpyrifos 0.1ug/L, Thiobencarb 1.5ug/L, Metolachlor 6ug/L

p55 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 - 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT

1991-1993 Pesticide concentrations in large drains of the Coleambally Irrigation Area

Endosulfan 0.25ug/L, Atrazine 5.7ug/L, Molinate 50.3ug/L, Diuron 3.7ug/L, Simazine 0.1ug/L, Malathion 0.8ug/L, Diazinon 0.1ug/L, Chlorpyrifos 0.1ug/L, Thiobencarb 1.5ug/L, Metolachlor 6ug/L

p55 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 – 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT

1994 January: Murrumbidgee River. Pesticides: Endosulfan, Metolachlor

Supply Water from Murrumbidgee River to Coleambally Irrigation Area

Endosulfan 0.02ug/L (January 1994)

Metolachlor 0.1ug/L

p54 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 - 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT

Supply Water from Murrumbidgee River to Coleambally Irrigation Area

Endosulfan 0.02ug/L (January 1994)

Metolachlor 0.1ug/L

p54 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 – 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT

1994-95: Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area Surface Water: Pesticides: Multiple

Pesticide detections Surface Water Murrumbidgee Irrigation District 1994/5

Diuron: Max 5.4ug/L October 1994

Simazine: Max 4.8ug/L December 1994

Atrazine: Max 4.4ug/L December 1994

Diazinon: Max 0.13ug/L November 1994

Bromacil: Max 1.8ug/L November 1994

MCPA: Max 0.7ug/L February 1995

2,4-D: Max 5.7ug/L November 1994

Endosulfan: Max 2.51ug/L December 1994

Malathion: Max 0.69ug/L October 1994

Thiobencarb; Max 2.4ug/L November 1994

p52 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 - 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT 17/98

Pesticide detections Surface Water Murrumbidgee Irrigation District 1994/5

Diuron: Max 5.4ug/L October 1994

Simazine: Max 4.8ug/L December 1994

Atrazine: Max 4.4ug/L December 1994

Diazinon: Max 0.13ug/L November 1994

Bromacil: Max 1.8ug/L November 1994

MCPA: Max 0.7ug/L February 1995

2,4-D: Max 5.7ug/L November 1994

Endosulfan: Max 2.51ug/L December 1994

Malathion: Max 0.69ug/L October 1994

Thiobencarb; Max 2.4ug/L November 1994

p52 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 – 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT 17/98

1991-93: Murrumbidgee Irrigation District. Pesticides: Multiple

Pesticide Concentrations in Large Drains of the Murrumbidgee Irrigation District 1991-3

Diuron: (highest 9.5ug/L, detected 29/71 times)

Atrazine: (highest 5.4ug/L, detected 9/71 times)

Molinate: (highest 37.5ug/L, detected 32/71 times)

Malathion: (highest 1.8ug/L, detected 6/71 times)

Bromacil: (highest 4.9ug/L, detected 10/71 times)

Drains tested were Yanco Main Southern, Gogeldrie Main Southern, Little Mirrool Creek,

Main Drain J, Mirrool Creek at McNamara Road, Willow Dam and Wah Wah Channel

 

p52 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 - 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT 17/98

Pesticide Concentrations in Large Drains of the Murrumbidgee Irrigation District 1991-3

Diuron: (highest 9.5ug/L, detected 29/71 times)

Atrazine: (highest 5.4ug/L, detected 9/71 times)

Molinate: (highest 37.5ug/L, detected 32/71 times)

Malathion: (highest 1.8ug/L, detected 6/71 times)

Bromacil: (highest 4.9ug/L, detected 10/71 times)

Drains tested were Yanco Main Southern, Gogeldrie Main Southern, Little Mirrool Creek,

Main Drain J, Mirrool Creek at McNamara Road, Willow Dam and Wah Wah Channel

p52 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW,

1990 – 1995 K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER

April 1998 TECHNICAL REPORT 17/98

1993 October: Wah Wah Irrigation District. High levels of Molinate

In October 1993 the concentration of molinate in drainage water leaving the MIA, which was supplied to the Wah Wah Irrigation District for stock and domestic purposes, exceeded drinking water quality guidelines and resulted in a drainage ban being implemented by the DWR.

 

p51/2 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW, 1990 - 1995K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER April 1998TECHNICAL REPORT 17/98

https://www.clw.csiro.au/publications/technical98/tr17-98.pd

In October 1993 the concentration of molinate in drainage water leaving the MIA, which was supplied to the Wah Wah Irrigation District for stock and domestic purposes, exceeded drinking water quality guidelines and resulted in a drainage ban being implemented by the DWR.

p51/2 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW, 1990 – 1995K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER April 1998TECHNICAL REPORT 17/98

https://www.clw.csiro.au/publications/technical98/tr17-98.pd

1992 September: Yanco Murrumbidgee River. Pesticide: Atrazine

Atrazine detected at 0.08ug/L at Yanco leaving Murrumbidgee River and entering main canal at Yanco.

p51 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW, 1990 - 1995K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER April 1998TECHNICAL REPORT 17/98

https://www.clw.csiro.au/publications/technical98/tr17-98.pdf

Atrazine detected at 0.08ug/L at Yanco leaving Murrumbidgee River and entering main canal at Yanco.

p51 PESTICIDE MONITORING IN THE IRRIGATION AREAS OF SOUTH-WESTERN NSW, 1990 – 1995K H Bowmer, W Korth, A Scott, G McCorkelle, M Thomas CSIRO LAND & WATER April 1998TECHNICAL REPORT 17/98

https://www.clw.csiro.au/publications/technical98/tr17-98.pdf

2016 June: Pesticide Spill Orange NSW.

Hazards of the job for firefighters: Peisley Street pesticide spill clean up operation

June 3, 2016 Central Western Daily
DECONTAMINATION: Orange Fire and Rescue officers and members of Fire and Rescue NSW’s hazardous material team, working at the Elders site yesterday following a pesticide spill

A PESTICIDE spill at Elders in Peisley Street on Thursday afternoon was the focus of a decontamination exercise which took several hours to clean up.

Orange Fire and Rescue officers were joined by the Fire and Rescue NSW hazardous materials team from Bathurst in the early afternoon after reports of a spill of cropping pesticide from the back of a truck which was making a delivery at the site.

Inspector Brett Jackson of NSW Fire and Rescue said 15 firefighters were involved in the clean up.

“Initially two workers had to be decontaminated as the liquid had spilled onto their boots and gloves,” Inspector Jackson said.

He said firefighters then used absorbent material to soak up the surplus pesticide liquid.

They also donned breathing apparatus during the process.

After the spill was cleaned up firefighters had to be decontaminated themselves to ensure no residue remained.

https://www.centralwesterndaily.com.au/story/3945762/hazards-of-the-job-for-firefighters-peisley-street-pesticide-spill-clean-up-operation/?cs=103

Hazards of the job for firefighters: Peisley Street pesticide spill clean up operation

June 3, 2016 Central Western Daily
DECONTAMINATION: Orange Fire and Rescue officers and members of Fire and Rescue NSW’s hazardous material team, working at the Elders site yesterday following a pesticide spill

A PESTICIDE spill at Elders in Peisley Street on Thursday afternoon was the focus of a decontamination exercise which took several hours to clean up.

Orange Fire and Rescue officers were joined by the Fire and Rescue NSW hazardous materials team from Bathurst in the early afternoon after reports of a spill of cropping pesticide from the back of a truck which was making a delivery at the site.

Inspector Brett Jackson of NSW Fire and Rescue said 15 firefighters were involved in the clean up.

“Initially two workers had to be decontaminated as the liquid had spilled onto their boots and gloves,” Inspector Jackson said.

He said firefighters then used absorbent material to soak up the surplus pesticide liquid.

They also donned breathing apparatus during the process.

After the spill was cleaned up firefighters had to be decontaminated themselves to ensure no residue remained.

https://www.centralwesterndaily.com.au/story/3945762/hazards-of-the-job-for-firefighters-peisley-street-pesticide-spill-clean-up-operation/?cs=103

1990’s: Peel River (NSW). Pesticide: Endosulfan

Endosulfan - Peel River

Source: Integrative Modelling of Transport and Fate of Endosulfan in the Riverine Environment. CSIRO Technical Report 14/98 - June 1998

Endosulfan – Peel River

Source: Integrative Modelling of Transport and Fate of Endosulfan in the Riverine Environment. CSIRO Technical Report 14/98 – June 1998

1990’s: Namoi River at Bugilbone. Pesticide: Endosulfan

Endosulfan - Namoi River at Bugilbone

Source: Integrative Modelling of Transport and Fate of Endosulfan in the Riverine Environment. CSIRO Technical Report 14/98 - June 1998

Endosulfan – Namoi River at Bugilbone

Source: Integrative Modelling of Transport and Fate of Endosulfan in the Riverine Environment. CSIRO Technical Report 14/98 – June 1998

1990’s: Namoi River d/s Weeta Weir. Pesticide: Endosulfan

Endosulfan - Namoi River d/s Weeta Weir

Source: Integrative Modelling of Transport and Fate of Endosulfan in the Riverine Environment. CSIRO Technical Report 14/98 - June 1998

Endosulfan – Namoi River d/s Weeta Weir

Source: Integrative Modelling of Transport and Fate of Endosulfan in the Riverine Environment. CSIRO Technical Report 14/98 – June 1998

1990’s: Gunidjera Creek (NSW). Pesticide: Endosulfan

Endosulfan - Gunidjera Creek

Source: Integrative Modelling of Transport and Fate of Endosulfan in the Riverine Environment. CSIRO Technical Report 14/98 - June 1998

Endosulfan – Gunidjera Creek

Source: Integrative Modelling of Transport and Fate of Endosulfan in the Riverine Environment. CSIRO Technical Report 14/98 – June 1998

1990’s: Narrabri Creek at Narrabri. Pesticide: Endosulfan

Endosulfan - Narrabri Creek at Narrabri

Source: Integrative Modelling of Transport and Fate of Endosulfan in the Riverine Environment. CSIRO Technical Report 14/98 - June 1998

Endosulfan – Narrabri Creek at Narrabri

Source: Integrative Modelling of Transport and Fate of Endosulfan in the Riverine Environment. CSIRO Technical Report 14/98 – June 1998

1990’s Namoi River – Gunnedah. Pesticide: Endosulfan

Endosulfan - Namoi River Gunnedah

Source: Integrative Modelling of Transport and Fate of Endosulfan in the Riverine Environment. CSIRO Technical Report 14/98 - June 1998

Endosulfan – Namoi River Gunnedah

Source: Integrative Modelling of Transport and Fate of Endosulfan in the Riverine Environment. CSIRO Technical Report 14/98 – June 1998

1997 January: Coxs Creek Boggabri. Pesticide: Endosulfan

Coxs Creek Boggabri

Endosulfan 0.09ug/L, 0.1ug/L, 0.08ug/L January 1997

Source: Integrative Modelling of Transport and Fate of Endosulfan in the Riverine Environment. CSIRO Technical Report 14/98 June 1998

Coxs Creek Boggabri

Endosulfan 0.09ug/L, 0.1ug/L, 0.08ug/L January 1997

Source: Integrative Modelling of Transport and Fate of Endosulfan in the Riverine Environment. CSIRO Technical Report 14/98 June 1998

1993 September: Pian Creek Rossmore (NSW). Pesticide: Endosulfan

Pian Creek Rossmore

Endosulfan 28/9/93 0.12ug/L

Endosulfan 12/10/93 0.08ug/L

Source: Integrative Modelling of Transport and Fate of Endosulfan in the Riverine Environment. CSIRO Technical Report 14/98 June 1998

Pian Creek Rossmore

Endosulfan 28/9/93 0.12ug/L

Endosulfan 12/10/93 0.08ug/L

Source: Integrative Modelling of Transport and Fate of Endosulfan in the Riverine Environment. CSIRO Technical Report 14/98 June 1998

1993-1997: Gwydir River (NSW). Highest levels of Endosulfan in water.

Although infequent, the influx of endosulfan into rivers during a runoff event can pose a major threat of acute contamination. Preece and Whalley (1993) monitored endosulfan concentrations in surface waters in the Gwydir River during a storm event in December 1991 in which total endosulfan concentrations peaked at around 7 ug/L and elevated endosulfan concentrations persisted for several days.  Muschal (1997) also sampled endosulfan concentrations in the Gwydir River during a storm event in January 1997 during which total endosulfan concentrations reached 1.75ug/L and elevated endosulfan concentrations persisted for at least 48 hours. As the ANZECC (1992) guideline for the protection of aquatic ecosystems is 0.01ug/L, and the revised (ANZECC and ARMCANZ 2000) is 0.03ug/L, storm events such as these pose a major threat to riverine ecosystems.

(The Transport, Fate and Effects of Endosulfan in the Australian Freshwater Environment. (Grant C Hose, Richard P Lim and Ross P Vine). Australasian Journal of Ecotoxicology Vol 9 pp101-111, 2003

Although infequent, the influx of endosulfan into rivers during a runoff event can pose a major threat of acute contamination. Preece and Whalley (1993) monitored endosulfan concentrations in surface waters in the Gwydir River during a storm event in December 1991 in which total endosulfan concentrations peaked at around 7 ug/L and elevated endosulfan concentrations persisted for several days.  Muschal (1997) also sampled endosulfan concentrations in the Gwydir River during a storm event in January 1997 during which total endosulfan concentrations reached 1.75ug/L and elevated endosulfan concentrations persisted for at least 48 hours. As the ANZECC (1992) guideline for the protection of aquatic ecosystems is 0.01ug/L, and the revised (ANZECC and ARMCANZ 2000) is 0.03ug/L, storm events such as these pose a major threat to riverine ecosystems.

(The Transport, Fate and Effects of Endosulfan in the Australian Freshwater Environment. (Grant C Hose, Richard P Lim and Ross P Vine). Australasian Journal of Ecotoxicology Vol 9 pp101-111, 2003

2010: Macquarie Island. Hundreds of Birds Killed. Pesticide: Brodifacoum

There are about 1829 breeding pairs of northern giant petrel; 2534 breeding pairs of southern giant petrels; and 1030 breeding skua pairs on Macquarie Island.

 

Reported deaths following 2010 baiting as at 8 October 2010 included 276 northern giant petrels (7.5% of number in breeding population); 10 southern giant petrels (0.2%); and 91 skuas (4.4%)

https://www.parks.tas.gov.au/file.aspx?id=20985

There are about 1829 breeding pairs of northern giant petrel; 2534 breeding pairs of southern giant petrels; and 1030 breeding skua pairs on Macquarie Island.

Reported deaths following 2010 baiting as at 8 October 2010 included 276 northern giant petrels (7.5% of number in breeding population); 10 southern giant petrels (0.2%); and 91 skuas (4.4%)

https://www.parks.tas.gov.au/file.aspx?id=20985

2007: Haughton River/Barratta Creek (Qld). Pesticide: Diuron

2007 Plume Haughton River/Barratta Creek (Qld) 0.08ug/L

apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/15386-diuron-environment.pdf

2007 Plume Haughton River/Barratta Creek (Qld) 0.08ug/L

apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/15386-diuron-environment.pdf

2005 January. Proserpine River (Qld). Pesticide: Diuron

January 2005: Plume from Proserpine/O'Connelll River Diuron 0.44ug/L

apvma.gov.au/default/files/publication/15386-diuron-environment.pdf

January 2005: Plume from Proserpine/O’Connelll River Diuron 0.44ug/L

apvma.gov.au/default/files/publication/15386-diuron-environment.pdf

1994: Mirool Creek – Barren Box Swamp. Pesticide: Diuron

Diuron detected at 0.17ug/L in Mirool Creek just above Barren Box Swamp 1994

apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/15386-diuron-environment.pdf

Diuron detected at 0.17ug/L in Mirool Creek just above Barren Box Swamp 1994

apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/15386-diuron-environment.pdf

2005 December: Burnett River Catchment. Pesticide: Diuron

December 2005, Burnett Catchment, Sugarcane farm

During peak runoff, concentrations of diuron ranged between 64 and 73ug/L and rose steeply to 280ug/L on last sampling.

Source: Diuron Environmental Assessment July 2011

apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/15386-diuron-environment.pdf

December 2005, Burnett Catchment, Sugarcane farm

During peak runoff, concentrations of diuron ranged between 64 and 73ug/L and rose steeply to 280ug/L on last sampling.

Source: Diuron Environmental Assessment July 2011

apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/15386-diuron-environment.pdf

1972-73: Brisbane River. Pesticide DDT

Evidence suggests that the concentrations of DDT in Australian rivers have progressively declined, as indicated by water in the Brisbane River, which consistently fell from maximum concentrations of about 1.7 μg/L in 1972-1973 to not detectable in 1986-1987 (Connell et al 2001). Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011

Evidence suggests that the concentrations of DDT in Australian rivers have progressively declined, as indicated by water in the Brisbane River, which consistently fell from maximum concentrations of about 1.7 μg/L in 1972-1973 to not detectable in 1986-1987 (Connell et al 2001). Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011

1994 November: Little Mirool Creek (NSW). Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

November 1994

Little Mirool Creek Chlorpyrifos 0.08ug/L, 0.07ug/L

Little Mirool Creek Diuron 7.5ug/L 1994 (apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/15386-diuron-environment.pdf)

November 1994

Little Mirool Creek Chlorpyrifos 0.08ug/L, 0.07ug/L

Little Mirool Creek Diuron 7.5ug/L 1994 (apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/15386-diuron-environment.pdf)

1992/3: Willbriggie (NSW). Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

Exit drains Willbriggie 1992 and 1993 Chlorpyrifos 25ug/L

Rice Bay 38ug/L October 1992

Drained Floodwater 7.1ug/L

Source: APVMA

Exit drains Willbriggie 1992 and 1993 Chlorpyrifos 25ug/L

Rice Bay 38ug/L October 1992

Drained Floodwater 7.1ug/L

Source: APVMA

1995 March: Mehi River (NSW). Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

Mehi River at Bronte, Downstream of Moree

8/3/95 Chlorpyrifos 26ug/L

Mehi River at Bronte, Downstream of Moree

8/3/95 Chlorpyrifos 26ug/L

1995 March: Boomi River (NSW). Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

Boomi River Kanowna, upstream of Mungindi (Border River)

20/3/95 6.5ug/L

Boomi River Kanowna, upstream of Mungindi (Border River)

20/3/95 6.5ug/L

1995-1996: Lower Namoi River at Bugilbone. Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

Lower Namoi River at Bugilbone

March 1995: Chlorpyrifos 0.1ug/L

April 1996: Chlorpyrifos 9.1ug/L

Source: Muschal/Cooper

Lower Namoi River at Bugilbone

March 1995: Chlorpyrifos 0.1ug/L

April 1996: Chlorpyrifos 9.1ug/L

Source: Muschal/Cooper

1995 March – 1996 April: Brageen Crossing (Gwydir River). Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

Brageen Crossing - Gwydir River upstream Moree

3 March 1995: Chlorpyrifos 8.7ug/L

5 April 1996: Chlorpyrifos 0.18ug/L

Source: Muschal

Brageen Crossing – Gwydir River upstream Moree

3 March 1995: Chlorpyrifos 8.7ug/L

5 April 1996: Chlorpyrifos 0.18ug/L

Source: Muschal

1997 January: Cox’s Creek (NSW). Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

1997 Cox's Creek Upper Namoi River Catchment

Chlorpyrifos 1.2ug/L and 0.4ug/L

Diuron 24ug/L

Fluometuron 9ug/L

Source: Muschal 1997

1997 Cox’s Creek Upper Namoi River Catchment

Chlorpyrifos 1.2ug/L and 0.4ug/L

Diuron 24ug/L

Fluometuron 9ug/L

Source: Muschal 1997

1997 December/1998 February: Pian Creek, Rossmore. Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

December 1997 and February 1998

Pian Creek, Rossmore

Chlorpyrifos 0.1ug/L

Source: Mushcal 1998

December 1997 and February 1998

Pian Creek, Rossmore

Chlorpyrifos 0.1ug/L

Source: Mushcal 1998

1995-1997: Thalaba Creek (NSW). Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

March 7 1995 Thalaba Creek 0.2ug/L

June 1996 Thalaba Creek 0.83ug/L

October 1997 Thalaba Creek, Merrywinebone

Chlorpyrifos 0.13ug/L

Source: Muschal

October 1997: Thalaba Creek Fluometuron 31ug/L

Central and North West Regions Water Quality Program 1996/7 Report on Pesticides Monitoring. Centre for Natural Resources 97-063 ISSN 1327-1032. DLWC

March 7 1995 Thalaba Creek 0.2ug/L

June 1996 Thalaba Creek 0.83ug/L

October 1997 Thalaba Creek, Merrywinebone

Chlorpyrifos 0.13ug/L

Source: Muschal

October 1997: Thalaba Creek Fluometuron 31ug/L

*Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Cotton Production. Proceeding of the Cropping Systems Forum 2 & 3 December 1998 Narrabri NSW

1998 January: Moomin Creek Iffley (NSW). Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

January 1998 Moomin Creek (NSW) Iffley.

Chlorpyrifos 0.2ug/L

Muschal 1998.

January 1998 Moomin Creek (NSW) Iffley.

Chlorpyrifos 0.2ug/L

Muschal 1998.

1997 March: Bribie Island Fish Kill. Pesticide. Chlorpyrifos

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity, particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being

disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos at a few μg/kg in some samples...

 

Bribie Island Sunshine Coast, March 1997

Probable Source: Under slab treatment

Chlorpyrifos in water: Up to 5ug/L (15ug/kg in sediment).

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: 2835ug/kg

 

p180 https://apvma.g

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of

chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and

around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity,

particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to

prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being

disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination

originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos

at a few μg/kg in some samples…

Bribie Island Sunshine Coast, March 1997

Probable Source: Under slab treatment

Chlorpyrifos in water: Up to 5ug/L (15ug/kg in sediment).

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: 2835ug/kg

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

1996 December: Coombabah Creek (Qld) Fish Kill. Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity, particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos at a few μg/kg in some samples...

 

Coombabah Creek Gold Coast, December 1996

Probable Source: Stormwater drain and construction

Chlorpyrifos in water: Up to 1.2 ug/L.

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: n.a

 

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of

chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and

around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity,

particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to

prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being

disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination

originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos

at a few μg/kg in some samples…

Coombabah Creek Gold Coast, December 1996

Probable Source: Stormwater drain and construction

Chlorpyrifos in water: Up to 1.2 ug/L.

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: n.a

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

1996 October: Cooparoo Creek (Qld) Fish Kill. Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity, particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos at a few μg/kg in some samples...

 

Cooparoo Creek Brisbane, October 1996

Probable Source: Unknown

Chlorpyrifos in water: Up to 70 ug/L.

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: Up to 14,200kug/kg

 

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of

chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and

around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity,

particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to

prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being

disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination

originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos

at a few μg/kg in some samples…

Cooparoo Creek Brisbane, October 1996

Probable Source: Unknown

Chlorpyrifos in water: Up to 70 ug/L.

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: Up to 14,200kug/kg

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

1996 October: Kedron Brook Fish Kill. Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity, particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos at a few μg/kg in some samples...

 

Kedron Brook Brisbane, October 1996

Probable Source: Stormwater Drain

Chlorpyrifos in water: Up to 190 ug/L.

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: Present but not quantified

 

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of

chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and

around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity,

particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to

prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being

disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination

originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos

at a few μg/kg in some samples…

Kedron Creek Brisbane, October 1996

Probable Source: Stormwater Drain

Chlorpyrifos in water: Up to 190 ug/L.

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: Present but not quantified

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

1996 May: Norman Creek Brisbane Fish Kill. Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity, particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos at a few μg/kg in some samples...

 

Norman Creek Brisbane, May 1996

Probable Source: Stormwater Drain

Chlorpyrifos in water: Up to 525ug/L.

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: n.a

 

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of

chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and

around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity,

particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to

prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being

disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination

originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos

at a few μg/kg in some samples…

Norman Creek Brisbane, May 1996

Probable Source: Stormwater Drain

Chlorpyrifos in water: Up to 525ug/L.

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: n.a

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

1995 November/1997 June: Biggera Creek (Qld) Fish Kill. Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity, particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos at a few μg/kg in some samples...

 

Biggera Creek Gold Coast, November 1995

Probable Source: Stormwater Drain

Chlorpyrifos in water: 0.5ug/L.

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: n.a

 

Biggera Creek Gold Coast, June 1997

Probable Source: Unknown

Chlorpyrifos in water: 4.7ug/L.

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: n.a

 

p181 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

 

 

 

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of

chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and

around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity,

particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to

prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being

disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination

originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos

at a few μg/kg in some samples…

Biggera Creek Gold Coast, November 1995

Probable Source: Stormwater Drain

Chlorpyrifos in water: 0.5ug/L.

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: n.a

Biggera Creek Gold Coast, June 1997

Probable Source: Unknown

Chlorpyrifos in water: 4.7ug/L.

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: n.a

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

1995 September: Loders Creek (Qld) Fish Kill. Pesticides: Chlorpyrifos

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity, particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos at a few μg/kg in some samples...

 

Loders Creek Gold Coast, September 1995

Probable Source: Unknown

Chlorpyrifos in water: 0.5ug/L.

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: n.a

 

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of

chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and

around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity,

particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to

prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being

disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination

originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos

at a few μg/kg in some samples…

Loders Creek Gold Coast, September 1995

Probable Source: Unknown

Chlorpyrifos in water: 0.5ug/L.

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: n.a

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

1995 September: Norman Creek Brisbane (Qld) Fish Kill. Pesticide. Chlorpyrifos

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity, particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos at a few μg/kg in some samples...

 

Norman Creek Brisbane, September 1995

Probable Source: Construction Site

Chlorpyrifos in water: n.a.

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: Up to 4500ug/kg

 

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of

chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and

around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity,

particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to

prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being

disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination

originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos

at a few μg/kg in some samples…

Norman Creek Brisbane, September 1995

Probable Source: Construction Site

Chlorpyrifos in water: n.a.

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: Up to 4500ug/kg

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

1995 May: Loders Creek Gold Coast Qld Fish Kill. Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity, particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos at a few μg/kg in some samples...

 

Loders Creek Gold Coast, May 1995

Probable Source: Unknown

Chlorpyrifos in water: Up to 0.1ug/L

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: n.a

 

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of

chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and

around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity,

particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to

prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being

disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination

originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos

at a few μg/kg in some samples…

Loders Creek Gold Coast, May 1995

Probable Source: Unknown

Chlorpyrifos in water: Up to 0.1ug/L

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: n.a

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

1995 March: Carramundi Park Qld Fish Kill. Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity, particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos at a few μg/kg in some samples...

 

Curramundi Park Sunshine Coast, March 1995

Probable Source: Stormwater Drain

Chlorpyrifos in water: Up to 0.5ug/L

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: 560ug/kg

 

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of

chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and

around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity,

particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to

prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being

disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination

originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos

at a few μg/kg in some samples…

Curramundi Park Sunshine Coast, March 1995

Probable Source: Stormwater Drain

Chlorpyrifos in water: Up to 0.5ug/L

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: 560ug/kg

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

1995 January: Fish Kill Curramundi Park Sunshine Coast (Qld). Pesticide Chlorpyrifos

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity, particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos at a few μg/kg in some samples...

 

Curramundi Park Sunshine Coast, January 1995

Probable Source: Stormwater Drain

Chlorpyrifos in water: None detected

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: 200ug/kg

 

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of

chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and

around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity,

particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to

prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being

disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination

originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos

at a few μg/kg in some samples…

Curramundi Park Sunshine Coast, January 1995

Probable Source: Stormwater Drain

Chlorpyrifos in water: None detected

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: 200ug/kg

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

1995 January: Fish Kill Paradise Point Gold Coast (Qld). Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity, particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos at a few μg/kg in some samples...

 

Paradise Point Gold Coast, February 1995

Probable Source: Unknown

Chlorpyrifos in water: Up to 4.1ug/L

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: 130ug/kg

 

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

The Queensland Department of the Environment provided the following details of

chlorpyrifos related contamination and fish kill incidents, noting that incidents in and

around Brisbane are often associated with under slab treatments in the vicinity,

particularly after rain. This pattern of contamination suggests that label warnings to

prevent runoff from treated areas may not be sufficiently prominent or are being

disregarded. Alternatively, the formulation may be leaching. Recent sediment surveys

in Brisbane waterways, which contain a legacy of organochlorine contamination

originating from termite treatments, has found both bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos

at a few μg/kg in some samples…

Paradise Point Gold Coast, February 1995

Probable Source: Unknown

Chlorpyrifos in water: Up to 4.1ug/L

Chlorpyrifos in fish tissue: 130ug/kg

p180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

1998: Fish Kill Kedron Brook/Sandy Creek Qld. Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

A kill of aquatic fauna was reported from Kedron Brook and Sandy Creek, near Brisbane airport, in the intervening period. Inspectors from the Department of the Environment followed the contamination up to a storm water drain at Ennogera, where high concentrations were found close to a pest control operator base. No direct source could be found, and no prosecution occurred, but officers from the Department of the Environment discussed the incident with the pest controllers. The most likely cause was probably inappropriate washing or disposal.

 

p 179/180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

A kill of aquatic fauna was reported from Kedron Brook and Sandy Creek, near

Brisbane airport, in the intervening period. Inspectors from the Department of the

Environment followed the contamination up to a storm water drain at Ennogera, where

high concentrations were found close to a pest control operator base. No direct

source could be found, and no prosecution occurred, but officers from the Department

of the Environment discussed the incident with the pest controllers. The most likely

cause was probably inappropriate washing or disposal.

p 179/180 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

1997 February: Fish Kill Southport Qld. Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

No further incidents in the Gold Coast area were reported to Dow until a fish kill in Koorong Street drain at Southport in February 1997. Water upstream of the weir contained 1.2 μg/L chlorpyrifos. The most likely cause was thought to be an under slab treatment, where the pouring of the concrete slab was delayed for 6 days by rain. Dow responded by communicating the sequence of events to all under slab applicators in the Gold Coast and Brisbane areas.

 

https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

No further incidents in the Gold Coast area were reported to Dow until a fish kill in

Koorong Street drain at Southport in February 1997. Water upstream of the weir

contained 1.2 μg/L chlorpyrifos. The most likely cause was thought to be an under

slab treatment, where the pouring of the concrete slab was delayed for 6 days by rain.

Dow responded by communicating the sequence of events to all under slab applicators

in the Gold Coast and Brisbane areas.

https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

1996 January: Fish Kill Runaway Bay (Qld). Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

Minor fish kills in canal areas of the Gold Coast were reported following rainfall on three occasions during summer 1995/96 (1 December, 11 and 24 January). Sampling and analysis found chlorpyrifos in the water column at 0.05-1.2μg/L. The last of these incidents, at Runaway Bay, was investigated in detail. No new house constructions with drainage to the canal were found, and records of under-slab treatments at the nearest construction site did not coincide with the fish kill. Dow concluded that garden spray runoff was the most likely cause, or washing of containers into storm drains. The possibility of contamination from dirty equipment during a storm event was also mooted. In response, Dow convened a pest control seminar in

conjunction with Gold Coast City Council, at which correct washing procedures, equipment cleanliness and avoidance of storm events were stressed.

 

p179 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

Minor fish kills in canal areas of the Gold Coast were reported following rainfall on

three occasions during summer 1995/96 (1 December, 11 and 24 January). Sampling

and analysis found chlorpyrifos in the water column at 0.05-1.2μg/L. The last of these incidents, at Runaway Bay, was investigated in detail. No new house

constructions with drainage to the canal were found, and records of under-slab

treatments at the nearest construction site did not coincide with the fish kill. Dow

concluded that garden spray runoff was the most likely cause, or washing of containers

into storm drains. The possibility of contamination from dirty equipment during a

storm event was also mooted. In response, Dow convened a pest control seminar in

conjunction with Gold Coast City Council, at which correct washing procedures,

equipment cleanliness and avoidance of storm events were stressed.

p179 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

1990’s Mirrool Creek (NSW). Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

"Environmental monitoring generally does not find chlorpyrifos, even in irrigation drainage waters with a detection limit of 0.01μg/L. Samples taken from drains in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area found occasional occurrences, generally at concentrations below 0.1 μg/L, with a few samples taken near the exit point from rice bays approaching 10μg/L. Persistent contamination occurs in certain areas during spring, notably Mirrool Creek (used as a drain) where concentrations between 0.01 and 0.1μg/L prevail through September and October with occasional high detections (approaching 20 μg/L) in grab samples."

 

p278 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

 

1991: Mirrooll Creek: 14ug/L, 17ug/L

“Environmental monitoring generally does not find chlorpyrifos, even in irrigation

drainage waters with a detection limit of 0.01μg/L. Samples taken from drains in the

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area found occasional occurrences, generally at concentrations below 0.1 μg/L, with a few samples taken near the exit point from rice bays approaching

10μg/L. Persistent contamination occurs in certain areas during spring, notably Mirrool Creek (used as a drain) where concentrations between 0.01 and 0.1μg/L prevail

through September and October with occasional high detections (approaching 20

μg/L) in grab samples.”

p278 https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/14756-chlorpyrifos-irr-environment.pdf

1991: Mirrooll Creek: 14ug/L, 17ug/L

2009 Dec – 2010 Jan: Noosa Heads. Pesticide: Diuron + Carbendazim

Table 3b. Estimated concentration of OCs, OPs and SPs in water (μgL-1) calculated from the

mass accumulated in Empore Disk samplers deployed from 11 December 2009 through 11th

January 2010, together with ANZECC trigger values for aquatic ecosystem protection (freshwater, slightly to moderately disturbed ecosystem, 95% species protection value). Detections highlighted in green. No results from Site 3 due to loss of equipment.

Diuron and Carbendazim detected at 9 locations including Noosa Heads

Levels at Noosa Heads: Diuron 0.0045ug/L, Carbendazim 0.0003ug/L

https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/53059/45-NFHTIF-Detection-andMeasurement-of-Noosa-River-Catchment.pdf

Table 3b. Estimated concentration of OCs, OPs and SPs in water (μgL-1) calculated from the

mass accumulated in Empore Disk samplers deployed from 11 December 2009 through 11th

January 2010, together with ANZECC trigger values for aquatic ecosystem protection (freshwater, slightly to moderately disturbed ecosystem, 95% species protection value). Detections highlighted in green. No results from Site 3 due to loss of equipment.

 

Diuron and Carbendazim detected at 9 locations including Noosa Heads

Levels at Noosa Heads: Diuron 0.0045ug/L, Carbendazim 0.0003ug/L

https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/53059/45-NFHTIF-Detection-andMeasurement-of-Noosa-River-Catchment.pdf

2009 Jul-Aug: Lake Cooroibah (Qld). Pesticide: Endosulfan

July-Aug 2009;

Endosulfan Sulfate detected in Lake Cooroibah at 0.002ug/L

Source: https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/53059/45-NFHTIF-Detection-andMeasurement-of-Noosa-River-Catchment.pdf

July-Aug 2009;

Endosulfan Sulfate detected in Lake Cooroibah at 0.002ug/L

Source: https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/53059/45-NFHTIF-Detection-andMeasurement-of-Noosa-River-Catchment.pdf

2009 January: Cooloothin Creek “Cancer Cluster”. Pesticide: Carbendazim

Two-headed fish linked to 'cancer cluster'

Brisbane Times  January 22, 2009

A Sunshine Coast community is waiting for test results to confirm whether contaminated water that may have led to two-headed fish embryos hatching in the area is also responsible for a possible cancer cluster.

Residents of all four houses that back on to Cooloothin Creek, which is flanked by large macadamia plantations near the Noosa River, have been diagnosed with cancer since deformities were found in fish hatchlings four years ago.

Bernard Gevers, who has worked for five years at the Sunland Fish Hatchery where the deformed fish larvae were found, has begun treatment for suspected bowel cancer.

Mr Gevers, 66, told brisbanetimes.com.au he was certain his illness had been caused by water contaminated by products containing Carbendazim which are used by farmers on the macadamia farm.

He said he used to drink the water from the creek at the back of the hatchery before he fell ill.

"I used to wash my face and hands in the water too just to cool down but then I started getting big blotches on my face.

"I went to the doctor and he told me it was from old age but I thought, could it come from the (chemical) spray (in the water)."

Mr Gevers stopped drinking water from the property and the blotches on his skin disappeared.

Less than five years later Mr Gevers is being treated for suspected bowel cancer and will have further tests next month.

Sunland Fish Hatchery, owned and operated by Gwen Gilson, 55, came to national attention last week after 90 per cent of her latest batch of embryos, taken from breeding stock from the Noosa River, emerged deformed, including some with two heads.

"It's case of putting two and two together; when my fish have such deformities and you find so many people with (cancer)," Ms Gilson said.

She believes a contaminant in the water is to blame.

"Over two years ago, we noticed that after the spraying drifted over our ponds, our next batch had convulsions and every time we have used water that has been exposed to the (Carbendazim) spray, we have the same results," Ms Gilson said.

"We can only get normal births by using water from our other site or treating them with atropine."

Mr Gilson said two neighbours had died in the past two years from cancer, including one man in his 40s.

Another woman, in her early 40s, has suspected ovarian cancer.

Roger Arbuckle, the owner and former operator of the macadamia plantation adjacent to the hatchery, is himself in remission from prostate cancer.

Carbendazim products, which are banned in the US, are currently being reviewed by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority. The chemicals are used to control mould, spot, mildew, scorch, rot and blight in a variety of crops including cereals, fruit and macadamias.

Despite the recent concern, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will wait to consult with Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) before conducting further testing in the Noosa River catchment.

"The timing of sampling will be determined in consultation with DPI&F," an EPA spokeswoman said.

https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/news/queensland/twoheaded-fish-linked-to-cancer-cluster/2009/01/21/1232471375335.html

Two-headed fish linked to ‘cancer cluster’

Brisbane Times  January 22, 2009

A Sunshine Coast community is waiting for test results to confirm whether contaminated water that may have led to two-headed fish embryos hatching in the area is also responsible for a possible cancer cluster.

Residents of all four houses that back on to Cooloothin Creek, which is flanked by large macadamia plantations near the Noosa River, have been diagnosed with cancer since deformities were found in fish hatchlings four years ago.

Bernard Gevers, who has worked for five years at the Sunland Fish Hatchery where the deformed fish larvae were found, has begun treatment for suspected bowel cancer.

Mr Gevers, 66, told brisbanetimes.com.au he was certain his illness had been caused by water contaminated by products containing Carbendazim which are used by farmers on the macadamia farm.

He said he used to drink the water from the creek at the back of the hatchery before he fell ill.

“I used to wash my face and hands in the water too just to cool down but then I started getting big blotches on my face.

“I went to the doctor and he told me it was from old age but I thought, could it come from the (chemical) spray (in the water).”

Mr Gevers stopped drinking water from the property and the blotches on his skin disappeared.

Less than five years later Mr Gevers is being treated for suspected bowel cancer and will have further tests next month.

Sunland Fish Hatchery, owned and operated by Gwen Gilson, 55, came to national attention last week after 90 per cent of her latest batch of embryos, taken from breeding stock from the Noosa River, emerged deformed, including some with two heads.

“It’s case of putting two and two together; when my fish have such deformities and you find so many people with (cancer),” Ms Gilson said.

She believes a contaminant in the water is to blame.

“Over two years ago, we noticed that after the spraying drifted over our ponds, our next batch had convulsions and every time we have used water that has been exposed to the (Carbendazim) spray, we have the same results,” Ms Gilson said.

“We can only get normal births by using water from our other site or treating them with atropine.”

Mr Gilson said two neighbours had died in the past two years from cancer, including one man in his 40s.

Another woman, in her early 40s, has suspected ovarian cancer.

Roger Arbuckle, the owner and former operator of the macadamia plantation adjacent to the hatchery, is himself in remission from prostate cancer.

Carbendazim products, which are banned in the US, are currently being reviewed by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority. The chemicals are used to control mould, spot, mildew, scorch, rot and blight in a variety of crops including cereals, fruit and macadamias.

Despite the recent concern, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will wait to consult with Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) before conducting further testing in the Noosa River catchment.

“The timing of sampling will be determined in consultation with DPI&F,” an EPA spokeswoman said.

https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/news/queensland/twoheaded-fish-linked-to-cancer-cluster/2009/01/21/1232471375335.html

2009 May: Cooloothin Creek (Qld). Pesticides: Carbendazim, Atrazine, Metolachlor

Source Courier Mail: May 20 2009

CHEMICAL contamination blamed for millions of fish larvae having two heads has been found in a creek at Noosa.

But the State Government is playing down the find, saying it is of such low levels as to be insignificant.

The agricultural chemicals carbendazim, atrazine and metolachlor were found near the Sunland Fish Hatchery by Noosa Fish Health Taskforce scientists.

Hatchery owner Gwen Gilson and neighbours have argued that chemical contamination, believed to be from a macadamia farm, had caused millions of fish larvae to become grossly deformed and caused a cancer cluster among residents.

National Toxics Network spokeswoman Jo Immig, who has called for bans on carbendazim and endosulfan, said the findings confirmed her fears.

"We're pleased they are at low levels but that doesn't excuse their presence there at all," Ms Immig said. "This is just one detection. How often does this go on?

"There are serious concerns about carbendazim and it is linked to birth defects. It shouldn't be used.

"Atrazine also has been under the spotlight because it is an endocrine disruptor (a chemical that interferes with hormones) at very minute levels and is recognised in Europe as such.

"Atrazine has been linked as a breast and prostate cancer promoter.

"Any level of metolachlor in rivers is concerning because of evidence that it persists in the environment and bioaccumulates in edible species of fish. Its adverse effect on growth and development raises concerns on its effects on human health."

DPI Minister Tim Mulherin said the chemicals were found in Cooloothin Creek, a waterway that borders the hatchery and the macadamia farm.

"The levels of chemicals detected were extremely low, are not a risk to human health and are well within relevant guidelines for such a setting," Mr Mulherin said.

Samples taken upstream, closer to the two properties, did not detect agricultural chemicals.

Levels found were carbendazim at 0.4 of a nanogram per litre, atrazine at 9.65ng/L and metolachlor at 14.75ng/L.

A nanogram is one billionth of a gram. For carbendazim the level is roughly equivalent to a teaspoon of sugar dissolved in a litre of water then divided by 2500 million.

Sunshine Coast Central Area Population Health Unit spokesman Andrew Langley said the readings were negligible.

"The results do not indicate that there is a risk to human health from drinking the water or recreational use of the water," he said.

Mr Mulherin said the source of the chemicals was yet to be determined.

https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/link-to-mutant-fish-denied/story-e6freon6-1225713488004

Source Courier Mail: May 20 2009

CHEMICAL contamination blamed for millions of fish larvae having two heads has been found in a creek at Noosa.

But the State Government is playing down the find, saying it is of such low levels as to be insignificant.

The agricultural chemicals carbendazim, atrazine and metolachlor were found near the Sunland Fish Hatchery by Noosa Fish Health Taskforce scientists.

Hatchery owner Gwen Gilson and neighbours have argued that chemical contamination, believed to be from a macadamia farm, had caused millions of fish larvae to become grossly deformed and caused a cancer cluster among residents.

National Toxics Network spokeswoman Jo Immig, who has called for bans on carbendazim and endosulfan, said the findings confirmed her fears.

“We’re pleased they are at low levels but that doesn’t excuse their presence there at all,” Ms Immig said. “This is just one detection. How often does this go on?

“There are serious concerns about carbendazim and it is linked to birth defects. It shouldn’t be used.

“Atrazine also has been under the spotlight because it is an endocrine disruptor (a chemical that interferes with hormones) at very minute levels and is recognised in Europe as such.

“Atrazine has been linked as a breast and prostate cancer promoter.

“Any level of metolachlor in rivers is concerning because of evidence that it persists in the environment and bioaccumulates in edible species of fish. Its adverse effect on growth and development raises concerns on its effects on human health.”

DPI Minister Tim Mulherin said the chemicals were found in Cooloothin Creek, a waterway that borders the hatchery and the macadamia farm.

“The levels of chemicals detected were extremely low, are not a risk to human health and are well within relevant guidelines for such a setting,” Mr Mulherin said.

Samples taken upstream, closer to the two properties, did not detect agricultural chemicals.

Levels found were carbendazim at 0.4 of a nanogram per litre, atrazine at 9.65ng/L and metolachlor at 14.75ng/L.

A nanogram is one billionth of a gram. For carbendazim the level is roughly equivalent to a teaspoon of sugar dissolved in a litre of water then divided by 2500 million.

Sunshine Coast Central Area Population Health Unit spokesman Andrew Langley said the readings were negligible.

“The results do not indicate that there is a risk to human health from drinking the water or recreational use of the water,” he said.

Mr Mulherin said the source of the chemicals was yet to be determined.

https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/link-to-mutant-fish-denied/story-e6freon6-1225713488004

1998 July: Plantation Streams Warren Reservoir. Pesticide: Atrazine

*Samples from streams running through the plantation areas (which then drain into Warren Reservoir) show herbicide levels around 150ug/L, which are up to six times the level recommended for drinking water. These levels are also significant from an environmental viewpoint and the EPA is likely to take an active interest.

BAROSSA WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM - 29 July 1998 ISSUE: Herbicide contamination in the Barossa water supply. Source: SA Water

https://hancockwatch.nfshost.com/docs/adelaide.html#TAG1

*Samples from streams running through the plantation areas (which then drain into Warren Reservoir) show herbicide levels around 150ug/L, which are up to six times the level recommended for drinking water. These levels are also significant from an environmental viewpoint and the EPA is likely to take an active interest.

BAROSSA WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM – 29 July 1998 ISSUE: Herbicide contamination in the Barossa water supply. Source: SA Water

https://hancockwatch.nfshost.com/docs/adelaide.html#TAG1

2015 May: Argenton NSW Dogs poisoned with Chlorpyrifos.

Former Golf Club Captain Fined for Misuse of Strong Insecticide

Media release: 26 May 2015

The former captain of Waratah Golf Club in Argenton NSW has been successfully prosecuted by the NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) for his attempt in March 2014 to kill crows with meat laced with the pesticide, Chlorpyrifos. His actions resulted in the death of one dog Zoe, and sickness to another dog, Dozer.

The EPA prosecuted under the Pesticides Act 1999 for the use of a registered pesticide contrary to the approved label. On 15 April 2015, the defendant was convicted, fined $1,000 and ordered to pay the EPA’s costs of $1,500 by Toronto Local Court.

Magistrate Atkinson said, “When people use pesticides contrary to the label, there can be serious consequences, which was apparent because a dog took the bait and died.  A strong message should be sent out because there is a good reason why pesticides are very restricted.”                                                       

Adam Gilligan, Acting Director North, NSW EPA, said, “The EPA takes very seriously its charter to administer environment protection legislation. We aim to maintain and enhance the state of the NSW environment and we regulate the actions of individuals, industry and government to uphold this goal.

“The EPA is the NSW regulator of the use of pesticides after they are sold. We act when a pesticide has been used contrary to a label and when the use of a pesticide can cause injury to another person, damage to their property or bring harm to plants or animals that weren’t the permitted target of the pesticide.

“The defendant in this case not only used a pesticide contrary to the label without a permit, he did not read the label and he knowingly used the pesticide in an attempt to harm a non-target animal. In leaving the pesticide-laced meat out in the open on the grounds of the golf course, he did so in a manner that totally disregarded the health of the environment and other animals,” said Mr Gilligan.

In June 2014 the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) prosecuted the defendant for the injury to the dogs. He was convicted of one count of aggravated cruelty to animals. For further information on the RSPCA prosecution visit: https://rspcansw.blogspot.com.au/2014/06/former-golf-club-captain-fined-after.html

The EPA administers the Pesticides Act 1999 which controls the use of pesticides in New South Wales. The Act aims to reduce the risks associated with the use of pesticides to human health, the environment, property, industry and trade. It also aims to promote collaborative and integrated policies for the use of pesticides.

Former Golf Club Captain Fined for Misuse of Strong Insecticide

Media release: 26 May 2015

The former captain of Waratah Golf Club in Argenton NSW has been successfully prosecuted by the NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) for his attempt in March 2014 to kill crows with meat laced with the pesticide, Chlorpyrifos. His actions resulted in the death of one dog Zoe, and sickness to another dog, Dozer.

The EPA prosecuted under the Pesticides Act 1999 for the use of a registered pesticide contrary to the approved label. On 15 April 2015, the defendant was convicted, fined $1,000 and ordered to pay the EPA’s costs of $1,500 by Toronto Local Court.

Magistrate Atkinson said, “When people use pesticides contrary to the label, there can be serious consequences, which was apparent because a dog took the bait and died.  A strong message should be sent out because there is a good reason why pesticides are very restricted.”

Adam Gilligan, Acting Director North, NSW EPA, said, “The EPA takes very seriously its charter to administer environment protection legislation. We aim to maintain and enhance the state of the NSW environment and we regulate the actions of individuals, industry and government to uphold this goal.

“The EPA is the NSW regulator of the use of pesticides after they are sold. We act when a pesticide has been used contrary to a label and when the use of a pesticide can cause injury to another person, damage to their property or bring harm to plants or animals that weren’t the permitted target of the pesticide.

“The defendant in this case not only used a pesticide contrary to the label without a permit, he did not read the label and he knowingly used the pesticide in an attempt to harm a non-target animal. In leaving the pesticide-laced meat out in the open on the grounds of the golf course, he did so in a manner that totally disregarded the health of the environment and other animals,” said Mr Gilligan.

In June 2014 the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) prosecuted the defendant for the injury to the dogs. He was convicted of one count of aggravated cruelty to animals. For further information on the RSPCA prosecution visit: https://rspcansw.blogspot.com.au/2014/06/former-golf-club-captain-fined-after.html

The EPA administers the Pesticides Act 1999 which controls the use of pesticides in New South Wales. The Act aims to reduce the risks associated with the use of pesticides to human health, the environment, property, industry and trade. It also aims to promote collaborative and integrated policies for the use of pesticides.

2015 September: Thomson Aviation Fined for Overspray: Pesticide: Carfentrazone-ethyl,

Thomson Aviation Fined for Third Incident of Pesticide Overspray

Media release: 8 September 2015

Thomson Aviation has been fined $2,400 by the NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) for using a pesticide contrary to the approved label, which resulted in an overspray that caused injury to people and non-targeted plants

Manager South West, NSW EPA, Craig Bretherton, said, on 4 May 2015, the EPA received a report from a neighbour adjacent to a cotton farm that was being treated with pesticides by Thomson Aviation.

“The neighbour claimed that her vegetable garden appeared to be damaged by pesticide overspray as brown markings were present on her plants and there was a significant amount of dead leaves at the base of her trees. She also claimed that on 30 April 2015, both she and her husband could physically feel the spray, with her husband experiencing a burning sensation in his eyes.
 
The next day the EPA attended the property and collected samples from the damaged plants. The results showed the pesticide Nail (active ingredient Carfentrazone-ethyl) was present in two of the three samples taken. Nail is a pesticide that is clearly labelled not to be used under unfavourable weather conditions, or from spray equipment as it may drift onto nearby susceptible plants, adjacent crops or pastures

The EPA required Thomson Aviation to supply spray records, chemical product labels and weather data for the 30 April 2015 incident. The records confirmed the aerial application of Nail pesticide, in addition to Prep (active ingredient Ethephon).

The EPA review of Bureau of Metrology data on the day of the incident showed a wind direction moving toward the neighbours’ property at a speed that was not appropriate for the aerial application of a pesticide.

Based on the findings of the investigations, the EPA is satisfied that Thomson Aviation had acted contrary to the Pesticides Act 1999 having used a pesticide contrary to its approved label and causing injury to persons and non-target plants. The company was fined $800 for each offence.

In making the decision the EPA also noted Thomson Aviation’s history of environmental non-compliance as the company had twice before been the subject of pesticide overspray investigations in Bilbul and Darlington Point NSW. On these occasions the company received a Formal Warning and Advisory Letter but the EPA has now issued these fine as an incentive for the company to improve its practices.

Mr Bretherton said, we do not want to see a repeat of these incidents and the company is on notice that any future incidents will attach a stronger regulatory response, including potential court action.

Mr Bretherton continued, “Penalty notices are one of a number of tools the EPA can use to achieve environmental compliance. The EPA takes in a range of factors into account before delivering a proportionate regulatory response, including the degree of environmental harm, potential health impacts, compliance history, public interest and best environmental outcomes. In this case, a penalty notice was the appropriate response.”

For more information about the EPA’s regulatory tools, see the EPA Compliance Policy www.epa.nsw.gov.au/legislation/130251epacompl.htm
 
To report pollution incidents contact the EPA’s 24hr Environment Line on 131 555.

Thomson Aviation Fined for Third Incident of Pesticide Overspray

Media release: 8 September 2015

Thomson Aviation has been fined $2,400 by the NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) for using a pesticide contrary to the approved label, which resulted in an overspray that caused injury to people and non-targeted plants

Manager South West, NSW EPA, Craig Bretherton, said, on 4 May 2015, the EPA received a report from a neighbour adjacent to a cotton farm that was being treated with pesticides by Thomson Aviation.

“The neighbour claimed that her vegetable garden appeared to be damaged by pesticide overspray as brown markings were present on her plants and there was a significant amount of dead leaves at the base of her trees. She also claimed that on 30 April 2015, both she and her husband could physically feel the spray, with her husband experiencing a burning sensation in his eyes.

The next day the EPA attended the property and collected samples from the damaged plants. The results showed the pesticide Nail (active ingredient Carfentrazone-ethyl) was present in two of the three samples taken. Nail is a pesticide that is clearly labelled not to be used under unfavourable weather conditions, or from spray equipment as it may drift onto nearby susceptible plants, adjacent crops or pastures

The EPA required Thomson Aviation to supply spray records, chemical product labels and weather data for the 30 April 2015 incident. The records confirmed the aerial application of Nail pesticide, in addition to Prep (active ingredient Ethephon).

The EPA review of Bureau of Metrology data on the day of the incident showed a wind direction moving toward the neighbours’ property at a speed that was not appropriate for the aerial application of a pesticide.

Based on the findings of the investigations, the EPA is satisfied that Thomson Aviation had acted contrary to the Pesticides Act 1999 having used a pesticide contrary to its approved label and causing injury to persons and non-target plants. The company was fined $800 for each offence.

In making the decision the EPA also noted Thomson Aviation’s history of environmental non-compliance as the company had twice before been the subject of pesticide overspray investigations in Bilbul and Darlington Point NSW. On these occasions the company received a Formal Warning and Advisory Letter but the EPA has now issued these fine as an incentive for the company to improve its practices.

Mr Bretherton said, we do not want to see a repeat of these incidents and the company is on notice that any future incidents will attach a stronger regulatory response, including potential court action.

Mr Bretherton continued, “Penalty notices are one of a number of tools the EPA can use to achieve environmental compliance. The EPA takes in a range of factors into account before delivering a proportionate regulatory response, including the degree of environmental harm, potential health impacts, compliance history, public interest and best environmental outcomes. In this case, a penalty notice was the appropriate response.”

For more information about the EPA’s regulatory tools, see the EPA Compliance Policy www.epa.nsw.gov.au/legislation/130251epacompl.htm

To report pollution incidents contact the EPA’s 24hr Environment Line on 131 555.

2015 June: Vineyard Operator Convicted in Orange Court: Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

Vineyard operator convicted & fined $15,000 in Orange Local Court

Media release: 26 June 2015

Vineyard operator Rex D’Aquino has been convicted and fined $15,000 in Orange Local Court and ordered to pay the prosecutor’s costs of $20,000, after pleading guilty to polluting waters on Highland Heritage Estate, near Orange.

The Environment Protection Authority (EPA) prosecuted Mr D’Aquino after he directed that the residual contents of 21 drums, containing the pesticide chlorpyrifos, be emptied into a constructed stormwater drain on the Estate property in January 2014.  The drain flows downwards to Summer Hill Creek.

Mr D’Aquino pleaded guilty to one charge of polluting waters contrary to section 120(1) of the Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997.

“Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphorus pesticide used to protect crops such as cotton, is highly toxic and poses a significant risk to aquatic life, animals and humans when released into the environment in high concentrations,” said Director South Branch Gary Whytcross.

“The EPA prosecuted Mr D’Aquino because his actions posed a real risk of harm to the environment, within a drinking water catchment.

“When handling pesticide containers it is essential to ensure that they are rinsed thoroughly and that any residual contents and the container are disposed of appropriately.

“The EPA stresses to all business operators and individuals that they have a responsibility to think about their actions and the potential impacts on the environment and the community.”

The EPA must take a range of factors into account before delivering a proportionate regulatory response, including the degree of environmental harm, whether or not there are any real or potential health impacts, if the action of the offender was deliberate, compliance history, public interest and best environmental outcomes.

For more information about the EPA’s regulatory tools, see the EPA Compliance Policy https://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/legislation/prosguid.htm.

Contact: EPA Public Affairs

Vineyard operator convicted & fined $15,000 in Orange Local Court

Media release: 26 June 2015

Vineyard operator Rex D’Aquino has been convicted and fined $15,000 in Orange Local Court and ordered to pay the prosecutor’s costs of $20,000, after pleading guilty to polluting waters on Highland Heritage Estate, near Orange.

The Environment Protection Authority (EPA) prosecuted Mr D’Aquino after he directed that the residual contents of 21 drums, containing the pesticide chlorpyrifos, be emptied into a constructed stormwater drain on the Estate property in January 2014.  The drain flows downwards to Summer Hill Creek.

Mr D’Aquino pleaded guilty to one charge of polluting waters contrary to section 120(1) of the Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997.

“Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphorus pesticide used to protect crops such as cotton, is highly toxic and poses a significant risk to aquatic life, animals and humans when released into the environment in high concentrations,” said Director South Branch Gary Whytcross.

“The EPA prosecuted Mr D’Aquino because his actions posed a real risk of harm to the environment, within a drinking water catchment.

“When handling pesticide containers it is essential to ensure that they are rinsed thoroughly and that any residual contents and the container are disposed of appropriately.

“The EPA stresses to all business operators and individuals that they have a responsibility to think about their actions and the potential impacts on the environment and the community.”

The EPA must take a range of factors into account before delivering a proportionate regulatory response, including the degree of environmental harm, whether or not there are any real or potential health impacts, if the action of the offender was deliberate, compliance history, public interest and best environmental outcomes.

For more information about the EPA’s regulatory tools, see the EPA Compliance Policy https://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/legislation/prosguid.htm.

Contact: EPA Public Affairs

April 2014: Cheminova served $15,000 penalty notice by EPA

EPA issues penalty notice and official caution to Cheminova

Media release: 12 April 2016

The NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) has issued a $15 000 penalty notice and an official caution to Cheminova Australia for breaching the conditions of its Environment Protection Licence.

EPA Hunter Manager, Adam Gilligan, said that Cheminova had failed to properly store potentially dangerous waste liquids in appropriately bunded areas.

“Bunded areas are designed to contain spillages and leaks of liquids and to facilitate clean-up operations,” Mr Gilligan said.

“Cheminova manufactures insecticide, fungicide and herbicide at its Wyong site. During the manufacturing process there are dangerous waste materials produced. It is critical that these are stored, handled and disposed of in accordance with the conditions in the company’s environment protection licence. This is to ensure that the environment and community are protected.”

During an inspection of the site on 29 January 2016, EPA officers found that the secondary spill containment system at the premises was not being properly maintained and would not have captured a spill of waste material if it occurred.

Following the inspection, and as a result of discussions with Cheminova, approximately 260,000 litres of waste products were removed from the site and disposed of at a licensed facility. The remainder of the waste products were moved into appropriately bunded areas.

Cheminova was issued a penalty notice for failing to store waste material in a competent manner. The company was also issued an official caution for failing to operate plant and equipment in a proper and efficient manner. The EPA will monitor the environmental performance of the facility.

Penalty notices are one of a number of tools the EPA can use to achieve environmental compliance, including formal warnings, licence conditions, notices and directions, mandatory audits, enforceable undertakings, legally binding pollution reduction programs and prosecutions.

The EPA must also take a range of factors into account before delivering a proportionate regulatory response, including the degree of environmental harm, whether or not there are any real or potential health impacts, if the action of the offender was deliberate, compliance history, public interest and best environmental outcomes.

For more information about the EPA’s regulatory tools, see the EPA Compliance Policy https://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/legislation/prosguid.htm.

EPA issues penalty notice and official caution to Cheminova

Media release: 12 April 2016

The NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) has issued a $15 000 penalty notice and an official caution to Cheminova Australia for breaching the conditions of its Environment Protection Licence.

EPA Hunter Manager, Adam Gilligan, said that Cheminova had failed to properly store potentially dangerous waste liquids in appropriately bunded areas.

“Bunded areas are designed to contain spillages and leaks of liquids and to facilitate clean-up operations,” Mr Gilligan said.

“Cheminova manufactures insecticide, fungicide and herbicide at its Wyong site. During the manufacturing process there are dangerous waste materials produced. It is critical that these are stored, handled and disposed of in accordance with the conditions in the company’s environment protection licence. This is to ensure that the environment and community are protected.”

During an inspection of the site on 29 January 2016, EPA officers found that the secondary spill containment system at the premises was not being properly maintained and would not have captured a spill of waste material if it occurred.

Following the inspection, and as a result of discussions with Cheminova, approximately 260,000 litres of waste products were removed from the site and disposed of at a licensed facility. The remainder of the waste products were moved into appropriately bunded areas.

Cheminova was issued a penalty notice for failing to store waste material in a competent manner. The company was also issued an official caution for failing to operate plant and equipment in a proper and efficient manner. The EPA will monitor the environmental performance of the facility.

Penalty notices are one of a number of tools the EPA can use to achieve environmental compliance, including formal warnings, licence conditions, notices and directions, mandatory audits, enforceable undertakings, legally binding pollution reduction programs and prosecutions.

The EPA must also take a range of factors into account before delivering a proportionate regulatory response, including the degree of environmental harm, whether or not there are any real or potential health impacts, if the action of the offender was deliberate, compliance history, public interest and best environmental outcomes.

For more information about the EPA’s regulatory tools, see the EPA Compliance Policy https://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/legislation/prosguid.htm.

2010 February: Herbicide Truck Rollover near Wandoan Qld

Herbicide truck rollover – Wandoan

 

On 11 February 2010, a truck carrying a load of mixed herbicides rolled over adjacent to Roche Creek 20 km north of Wandoan on the Leichhardt Highway, resulting inthe release of 20 000 litres of chemical into the table drain.

 

Due to the impending risk of heavy rain and likelihood of serious environmental harm to Roche Creek and downstream water users, DERM took emergency action to ensure that the site was cleaned up and remediated.

 

https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/Documents/TableOffice/TabledPapers/2011/5311T4144.pdf

Herbicide truck rollover – Wandoan

On 11 February 2010, a truck carrying a load of mixed herbicides rolled over adjacent to Roche Creek 20 km north of Wandoan on the Leichhardt Highway, resulting inthe release of 20 000 litres of chemical into the table drain.

Due to the impending risk of heavy rain and likelihood of serious environmental harm to Roche Creek and downstream water users, DERM took emergency action to ensure that the site was cleaned up and remediated.

https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/Documents/TableOffice/TabledPapers/2011/5311T4144.pdf

2010 June: Millmerran (Qld) Highway Chemical Explosion

Highway chemical explosion: local homes to be checked

June 9 2010 (Brisbane Times)

Fire officers will tour houses in the Millmerran region today to check water tanks and roofs for hazardous chemicals after an explosion on the back of a truck this morning.

The accident happened when a truck carrying 20-litre drums of pesticides and herbicides caught fire and exploded on the Gore Highway at Millmerran around 1.30am today.

A two-kilometre exclusion zone has been set up around the site, with a local family evacuated from their home.

Incident controller with the Queensland Fire and Rescue Service, Eddie Lacko said the highway would remain closed while they awaited resources coming from Brisbane.

"We’re getting a plan together to decontaminate the site and remove the trailer as well as the chemicals involved," Mr Lacko said.

“The chemicals are all mixed together so we are not sure exactly what there is.

"I have a scientific officer en route to provide us with some advice before we move in to clean up.

"I couldn’t give an accurate timeframe of when this will happen."

Mr Lacko said there was no longer an airborne chemical threat but some risk still remained.

"There are a couple of houses in the vicinity where I will send some officers to do some monitoring of water tanks and roofs after smoke fallout from last night,” he said.

Ken Brudell, owner of the local Millmerran Rams Head Hotel said residents had been given little information about the accident.

“There were a couple of explosions at around 1.30am and then the fire brigade charged out,” Mr Brundell said.

“There’s been a horrible chemical burn smell through town all morning.”

Firefighters wearing protective gear and breathing apparatus extinguished the blaze around 5am.

The truck driver escaped without injury after he unhitched the trailer which was subsequently destroyed in the explosion.

https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/highway-chemical-explosion-local-homes-to-be-checked-20100608-xu38.html?skin=smart-phone

Highway chemical explosion: local homes to be checked

June 9 2010 (Brisbane Times)

Fire officers will tour houses in the Millmerran region today to check water tanks and roofs for hazardous chemicals after an explosion on the back of a truck this morning.

The accident happened when a truck carrying 20-litre drums of pesticides and herbicides caught fire and exploded on the Gore Highway at Millmerran around 1.30am today.

A two-kilometre exclusion zone has been set up around the site, with a local family evacuated from their home.

Incident controller with the Queensland Fire and Rescue Service, Eddie Lacko said the highway would remain closed while they awaited resources coming from Brisbane.

“We’re getting a plan together to decontaminate the site and remove the trailer as well as the chemicals involved,” Mr Lacko said.

“The chemicals are all mixed together so we are not sure exactly what there is.

“I have a scientific officer en route to provide us with some advice before we move in to clean up.

“I couldn’t give an accurate timeframe of when this will happen.”

Mr Lacko said there was no longer an airborne chemical threat but some risk still remained.

“There are a couple of houses in the vicinity where I will send some officers to do some monitoring of water tanks and roofs after smoke fallout from last night,” he said.

Ken Brudell, owner of the local Millmerran Rams Head Hotel said residents had been given little information about the accident.

“There were a couple of explosions at around 1.30am and then the fire brigade charged out,” Mr Brundell said.

“There’s been a horrible chemical burn smell through town all morning.”

Firefighters wearing protective gear and breathing apparatus extinguished the blaze around 5am.

The truck driver escaped without injury after he unhitched the trailer which was subsequently destroyed in the explosion.

https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/highway-chemical-explosion-local-homes-to-be-checked-20100608-xu38.html?skin=smart-phone

2013 January: 12 gas workers hospitalised. Pesticide: Paraquat

Workers released after chemical poison fear

17th Jan 2013 The Chronicle

"Yesterday, Goondiwindi Hospital treated 12 gas workers who were working on a private property and were exposed to the herbicide spray Paraquat 250," Darling Downs Hospital and Health Service Goondiwindi director of nursing Katie Jefford said.

"All workers underwent a full decontamination process, were closely monitored for several hours and released yesterday afternoon."

EARLIER: A dozen people have been exposed to the potentially deadly herbicide, Paraquat.

The gas workers from Goondiwindi were taken to the local hospital yesterday at about noon.

The Queensland Ambulance Service was made aware of the incident, however, did not take the group to the hospital.

Instead the group transported themselves to the Goondiwindi Hospital.

It was placed into a code brown state of emergency.

Paraquat is a widely in Australia as herbicide. It is banned in 32 countries.

The chemical is used on Australian farms to control grasses and broadleaf weeds.

In November, 2012, 55 year-old Howard Reck of Lynford died after ingesting a small amount of Paraquat.

He was filling a back-pump spray with Paraquat when the unit cracked spraying the toxic chemical over his face.

Yesterday afternoon, the Goondiwindi workers were in a stable condition and most of them were expected to be released from hospital.

https://www.thechronicle.com.au/news/poison-puts-12-workers-in-hospital/1719931/

Workers released after chemical poison fear

17th Jan 2013 The Chronicle

“Yesterday, Goondiwindi Hospital treated 12 gas workers who were working on a private property and were exposed to the herbicide spray Paraquat 250,” Darling Downs Hospital and Health Service Goondiwindi director of nursing Katie Jefford said.

“All workers underwent a full decontamination process, were closely monitored for several hours and released yesterday afternoon.”

EARLIER: A dozen people have been exposed to the potentially deadly herbicide, Paraquat.

The gas workers from Goondiwindi were taken to the local hospital yesterday at about noon.

The Queensland Ambulance Service was made aware of the incident, however, did not take the group to the hospital.

Instead the group transported themselves to the Goondiwindi Hospital.

It was placed into a code brown state of emergency.

Paraquat is a widely in Australia as herbicide. It is banned in 32 countries.

The chemical is used on Australian farms to control grasses and broadleaf weeds.

In November, 2012, 55 year-old Howard Reck of Lynford died after ingesting a small amount of Paraquat.

He was filling a back-pump spray with Paraquat when the unit cracked spraying the toxic chemical over his face.

Yesterday afternoon, the Goondiwindi workers were in a stable condition and most of them were expected to be released from hospital.

https://www.thechronicle.com.au/news/poison-puts-12-workers-in-hospital/1719931/

2016 March: Testing links between 2,4,5-T and soft tissue sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Testing, new study after lands inquiry
Ballarat Courier

March 9, 2016,

Lands department workers who were exposed to dangerous chemicals decades ago are closer to an answer on sicknesses caused by their government work spraying pesticides.

The Courier understands the government has accepted and will act on the recommendation that another university study into the links between herbicide 2,4,5-T to soft tissue sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma be commissioned.

The inquiry’s first recommendation, part of its report released in November 2015, followed The Courier’s investigation into the treatment of the workers for many years until the 1980s.

“Recommendation a): Updating the 1980’s Worker Health Study for the same group of sprayers (1951 to 1970) and comparing with the Victorian Cancer registry for evidence of causation or lack thereof,” the report said.

The full government response to the report will be released on Thursday.

Environment Minister Lisa Neville said it was a “really critical bit of work” and that the government had worked thoroughly through the report and its recommendations.

A 1982 study also commissioned by the government did not find a link between those two types of cancer and 2,4,5-T, but the new study would look again at the cases and test the sprayers still alive in Victoria.

The Courier identified 17 former Victorian Lands Department weed eradicators in the region who have died, mostly from illness including various cancers.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified TCDD, a contaminant of 2,4,5-T as ‘carcinogenic to humans’ since 1997 and ‘possibly carcinogenic to humans’ since 1982.

The new study, one of several major responses to be announced Thursday, would be completed by 2018.

The inquiry report found evidence workers in the region were exposed to more than double today’s standard tolerable intake of dangerous chemicals, which could be linked to cancer.

The report also found that despite reviews into worker’s health and chemical safety which were completed, findings and recommendations were rarely implemented.

2016 March: Insecticide ban over human safety fears. Pesticide: Maldison

Insecticide ban over human safety fears

March 30, 2016 The Weekly Times

AN agricultural insecticide has been suspended in Australia because of health concerns.

Maldison 500 is an insecticide that — according to manufacturer NuFarm — can be used in cropping horticulture, pasture and vegetable production.

The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority suspended Maldison 500 from March 15 until March 1 next year.

The suspension means that Maldison 500 can not be manufactured or imported.

But possession, custody, supply and use of the product — according to directions on the label — is permitted.

“It appears to the APVMA that the product … may be an undue hazard to the safety of people exposed to it during its handling and have an effect that is harmful to human beings,” the regulator reported in Commonwealth Gazette.

 

APVMA chief executive Kareena Arthy said the suspension was the recommendation of an ongoing review of the insecticide.

“The APVMA review of maldison commenced in 2003 due to potential human health concerns in relation to the formation of toxic impurities during manufacture and storage,” she said.

“The scope of the Maldison review includes chemistry, toxicology and occupational health and safety,” Ms Arthy said the review was expected to be completed in January 2018.

Asked about the health concerns APVMA had with Maldison 500, she said it was “an organophosporous insecticide, and like all members of this chemical class, it interferes with the nervous system”.

A NuFarm spokesman said it “was working with the regulatory authority and our customers to ensure this product is handled in accordance with the label directions as is permitted under the notice.”

https://www.weeklytimesnow.com.au/agribusiness/insecticide-ban-over-human-safety-fears/news-story/ac65d059b0ecdbbdf107b9ce253f2b3e

2016 April: Study finds Parkinsons Cluster in northern Grampians and Loddon Mallee Regions

Study finds Parkinson's disease cluster in Northern Grampians and Loddon Mallee regions

April 11, 2016

 

A cluster of Parkinson's disease has been discovered in a key Victorian barley, chick pea and lentil farming region where researchers say its prevalence is up to 78 per cent higher than the rest of the state.

 

The discovery by a team of health researchers and scientists has sparked calls for urgent research into links with pesticides and other farming techniques used in the Grampians and Loddon Mallee regions.

The abnormally high rates were found in four neighbouring local government areas in the north west that all produce barley and pulses (chickpeas, beans and lentils), by a joint Monash University and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health study.

They report the rate of Parkinson's was 78 per cent higher than the state average of .5 per cent in the Buloke Shire, 76 per cent higher in Horsham, 57 per cent higher in the Northern Grampians and 34 per cent higher in Yarriambiack.

The research, expected to be published in late 2016, was funded by Parkinson's Victoria and lead by a husband and wife duo: health services researcher Dr Darshini Ayton and neuroscientist Dr Scott Ayton. 

Their work with Dr Narelle Warren builds on international studies that have already found strong links between the pesticides Rotenone and Paraquat, and Parkinson's disease.

Although people living in the identified areas are more likely to develop Parkinson's than those in other areas, the prevalence of the condition is still only about 1 per cent of the population in those communities and researchers say is not cause for panic.

The idea for a geographical study was conceived when Dr Darshini Ayton came home one night to tell her husband all these people from farming areas she'd interviewed blamed pesticides for their Parkinson's disease. 

"Because he's a laboratory scientist, he said they use pesticides in high doses to induce Parkinson's disease in a laboratory," she said. "That's when we started working together on the project." 

Hoping to determine whether there was a greater likelihood of developing Parkinson's in the country than the city (there's not), they overlayed data from the pharmaceutical benefits scheme with ABS data and discovered something else entirely: a cluster.

"We were shocked...It is a surprise but we're really now looking for the answers to it," Dr Darshini Ayton said. "This research by no means says that pesticides caused Parkinson's disease here but we need to do further research to find out what actually happened in these four areas."

Their analysis was done using percentages, rather than raw numbers, to account for differences in population size and age.

Barry Clugston, 69, who was diagnosed with Parkinson's about eight years ago, lives in the Northern Grampians and has spent most of his life in farming regions. 

He believes it's possible that chemicals used in pulse farming could be linked to his disease but wants to see proof.  "There's a lot of discussion in the community about these things and yet nobody can prove it," he said. 

"The area that's been detected is a key broad acre cereal growing area of Victoria so it would be a high concentration of chemicals being used there.

"If chemicals are one of the causes for Parkinson's I'd be really keen to have some scientific basis."

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological condition that affects about 27,000 people in Victoria and 70,000 nationally, which Parkinson's Victoria chair, Associate Professor David Finkelstein, said is expected to double over the next 15 years.

Associate Professor Finkelstein said there was a growing international body of research pointing to a link between pesticides and Parkinson's, but "no smoking gun".  "All these little bits of evidence are coming together to point to pesticides," he said.

"We compare what we found with what's been found overseas, different research teams using different research methods, are finding the same thing."

https://www.mailtimes.com.au/story/3840763/parkinsons-disease-cluster-has-pulses-racing/?cs=225

Study finds Parkinson’s disease cluster in Northern Grampians and Loddon Mallee regions

April 11, 2016

 

A cluster of Parkinson’s disease has been discovered in a key Victorian barley, chick pea and lentil farming region where researchers say its prevalence is up to 78 per cent higher than the rest of the state.

The discovery by a team of health researchers and scientists has sparked calls for urgent research into links with pesticides and other farming techniques used in the Grampians and Loddon Mallee regions.

The abnormally high rates were found in four neighbouring local government areas in the north west that all produce barley and pulses (chickpeas, beans and lentils), by a joint Monash University and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health study.

They report the rate of Parkinson’s was 78 per cent higher than the state average of .5 per cent in the Buloke Shire, 76 per cent higher in Horsham, 57 per cent higher in the Northern Grampians and 34 per cent higher in Yarriambiack.

The research, expected to be published in late 2016, was funded by Parkinson’s Victoria and lead by a husband and wife duo: health services researcher Dr Darshini Ayton and neuroscientist Dr Scott Ayton. 

Their work with Dr Narelle Warren builds on international studies that have already found strong links between the pesticides Rotenone and Paraquat, and Parkinson’s disease.

Although people living in the identified areas are more likely to develop Parkinson’s than those in other areas, the prevalence of the condition is still only about 1 per cent of the population in those communities and researchers say is not cause for panic.

The idea for a geographical study was conceived when Dr Darshini Ayton came home one night to tell her husband all these people from farming areas she’d interviewed blamed pesticides for their Parkinson’s disease. 

“Because he’s a laboratory scientist, he said they use pesticides in high doses to induce Parkinson’s disease in a laboratory,” she said. “That’s when we started working together on the project.” 

Hoping to determine whether there was a greater likelihood of developing Parkinson’s in the country than the city (there’s not), they overlayed data from the pharmaceutical benefits scheme with ABS data and discovered something else entirely: a cluster.

“We were shocked…It is a surprise but we’re really now looking for the answers to it,” Dr Darshini Ayton said. “This research by no means says that pesticides caused Parkinson’s disease here but we need to do further research to find out what actually happened in these four areas.”

Their analysis was done using percentages, rather than raw numbers, to account for differences in population size and age.

Barry Clugston, 69, who was diagnosed with Parkinson’s about eight years ago, lives in the Northern Grampians and has spent most of his life in farming regions. 

He believes it’s possible that chemicals used in pulse farming could be linked to his disease but wants to see proof.  “There’s a lot of discussion in the community about these things and yet nobody can prove it,” he said. 

“The area that’s been detected is a key broad acre cereal growing area of Victoria so it would be a high concentration of chemicals being used there.

“If chemicals are one of the causes for Parkinson’s I’d be really keen to have some scientific basis.”

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological condition that affects about 27,000 people in Victoria and 70,000 nationally, which Parkinson’s Victoria chair, Associate Professor David Finkelstein, said is expected to double over the next 15 years.

Associate Professor Finkelstein said there was a growing international body of research pointing to a link between pesticides and Parkinson’s, but “no smoking gun”.  “All these little bits of evidence are coming together to point to pesticides,” he said.

“We compare what we found with what’s been found overseas, different research teams using different research methods, are finding the same thing.”

https://www.mailtimes.com.au/story/3840763/parkinsons-disease-cluster-has-pulses-racing/?cs=225

1960’s-1970’s: Australians spraying Agent Orange in Vietnam

Australians were engaged in crop destruction, as demonstrated by the Australian War

Memorial’s photographic evidence, preserved on two Australian government web sites.

Several 1968 images show an Australian Iroquois helicopter in flight over what is unquestionably agricultural land, " A spray boom for defoliant extends from the

helicopter beneath the machine gunner, who is on the right of the image. Defoliant was loaded onto helicopters in 30-gallon tanks...[A M P01733.006]"[13]

 

Paul Ham quoted former Australian soldier, Fred Ball, who disclosed that Australians were required to perform the same type of work as their allies with the same purpose: “We sprayed the bloody place with Agent Orange ... It wasn’t just the bloody jungles; it was used on bloody paddy fields. It killed everything, not only the vegetation; it killed

animals ... Defoliation was simply a routine part of the war”. [14]

 

https://honesthistory.net.au/wp/wp-content/uploads/583-Britain-Australia-the-United-States-and-Agent-Orange-in-the-Indochina-Wars-1.pdf

 

...Australian troops were also involved in the use of herbicides and insecticides, the latter being widely sprayed in Phuoc Tuy province, particularly at Nui Dat. Even during the war herbicide use attracted growing criticism in the United States with the first reports of birth defects in children born in areas subject to aerial spraying appearing in 1965.

 

https://vietnam-war.commemoration.gov.au/aftermath/agent-orange.php

Australians were engaged in crop destruction, as demonstrated by the Australian War

Memorial’s photographic evidence, preserved on two Australian government web sites.

Several 1968 images show an Australian Iroquois helicopter in flight over what is unquestionably agricultural land, ” A spray boom for defoliant extends from the

helicopter beneath the machine gunner, who is on the right of the image. Defoliant was loaded onto helicopters in 30-gallon tanks…[A M P01733.006]”[13]

Paul Ham quoted former Australian soldier, Fred Ball, who disclosed that Australians were required to perform the same type of work as their allies with the same purpose: “We sprayed the bloody place with Agent Orange … It wasn’t just the bloody jungles; it was used on bloody paddy fields. It killed everything, not only the vegetation; it killed

animals … Defoliation was simply a routine part of the war”. [14]

https://honesthistory.net.au/wp/wp-content/uploads/583-Britain-Australia-the-United-States-and-Agent-Orange-in-the-Indochina-Wars-1.pdf

…Australian troops were also involved in the use of herbicides and insecticides, the latter being widely sprayed in Phuoc Tuy province, particularly at Nui Dat. Even during the war herbicide use attracted growing criticism in the United States with the first reports of birth defects in children born in areas subject to aerial spraying appearing in 1965.

https://vietnam-war.commemoration.gov.au/aftermath/agent-orange.php

1970s – 1990’s: DDT and Dieldrin Impacts on Peregrine Falcons

DDT and dieldrin: effects on resident Peregrine Falcon populations in south-eastern Australia

Article in Ecotoxicology 1(2):89-100 · December 1992

Abstract

Organochlorine residues in eggs and prey species of the Peregrine Falcon,Falco peregrinus, were determined in parts of three south-eastern Australian States: Tasmania (1975–91), Victoria (1975–83) and South Australia (1977–1981). Relationships between residues detected and eggshell thickness, nest site occupancy and productivity were examined. Temporal changes and, in particular, the relative effects of DDE and dieldrin were also investigated. DDE was detected in all 137 eggs analysed. The concentration of DDE residues in eggs peaked in the late 1970s to early 1980s in Victoria, but peaked earlier and had declined to low concentrations by the 1980s in Tasmania. Maximum concentrations reached 82 ppm, in Victoria. The geometric means were: Victoria 12.4 ppm; Tasmania 1970s 10.1 ppm, 1980s 1.5 ppm; and South Australia 1.95 ppm. Dieldrin was detected in approximately half the eggs, but all except one egg (1.5 ppm) contained concentrations considered noncritical (<1 ppm). The degree of shell-thinning and reproductive success were related to DDE content, but not to that of dieldrin. Organochlorine concentrations in prey reflected general concentrations in eggs and, with a few exceptions, were low. In Tasmania, reproductive success increased as DDE contamination declined. In Victoria, despite mean concentrations of DDE well above that considered to be critical for successful reproduction (>15–20 ppm) for at least seven years, the breeding population declined by <2% a year. We interpret this result as evidence that DDE causes a slow decline in population and that the dramatic declines observed in some other parts of the world were mainly attributable to contamination by dieldrin or to other confounding factors.

1944-45: Australian troops sprayed with DDT to combat Malaria

By May 1944 strategies were in place to aerially spray areas to control malaria. It was widely used in Papua New Guinea and in the Island Campaigns in the South West Pacific (it was also used in the Middle East).

 

Servicemen were exposed to DDT by a number of ways including aerial spraying, direct spraying of bodies of water which mosquitoes could use for breeding and hand spraying (knapsack) of living and sleeping quarters. In some Army Divisions in New Guinea, malarial casualties made up 90% of all casualties due to sickness and more than 80% of all casualties, including battle casualties.

 

DDT has now been linked to a number of diseases including pancreatic cancer.

By May 1944 strategies were in place to aerially spray areas to control malaria. It was widely used in Papua New Guinea and in the Island Campaigns in the South West Pacific (it was also used in the Middle East).

Servicemen were exposed to DDT by a number of ways including aerial spraying, direct spraying of bodies of water which mosquitoes could use for breeding and hand spraying (knapsack) of living and sleeping quarters. In some Army Divisions in New Guinea, malarial casualties made up 90% of all casualties due to sickness and more than 80% of all casualties, including battle casualties.

DDT has now been linked to a number of diseases including pancreatic cancer.

1944-1945: Spraying Australian Troops with DDT to combat Malaria

By May 1944 strategies were in place to aerially spray areas to control malaria. It was widely used in Papua New Guinea and in the Island Campaigns in the South West Pacific (it was also used in the Middle East).

 

Servicemen were exposed to DDT by a number of ways including aerial spraying, direct spraying of bodies of water which mosquitoes could use for breeding and hand spraying (knapsack) of living and sleeping quarters. In some Army Divisions in New Guinea, malarial casualties made up 90% of all casualties due to sickness and more than 80% of all casualties, including battle casualties.

 

DDT has now been linked to a number of diseases including pancreatic cancer.

By May 1944 strategies were in place to aerially spray areas to control malaria. It was widely used in Papua New Guinea and in the Island Campaigns in the South West Pacific (it was also used in the Middle East).

Servicemen were exposed to DDT by a number of ways including aerial spraying, direct spraying of bodies of water which mosquitoes could use for breeding and hand spraying (knapsack) of living and sleeping quarters. In some Army Divisions in New Guinea, malarial casualties made up 90% of all casualties due to sickness and more than 80% of all casualties, including battle casualties.

DDT has now been linked to a number of diseases including pancreatic cancer.

1944-45: Spraying Australian Troops with DDT to control Malaria.

By May 1944 strategies were in place to aerially spray areas to control malaria. It was widely used in Papua New Guinea and in the Island Campaigns in the South West Pacific (it was also used in the Middle East).

 

Servicemen were exposed to DDT by a number of ways including aerial spraying, direct spraying of bodies of water which mosquitoes could use for breeding and hand spraying (knapsack) of living and sleeping quarters. In some Army Divisions in New Guinea, malarial casualties made up 90% of all casualties due to sickness and more than 80% of all casualties, including battle casualties. 

 

DDT has now been linked to a number of diseases including pancreatic cancer.

By May 1944 strategies were in place to aerially spray areas to control malaria. It was widely used in Papua New Guinea and in the Island Campaigns in the South West Pacific (it was also used in the Middle East).

Servicemen were exposed to DDT by a number of ways including aerial spraying, direct spraying of bodies of water which mosquitoes could use for breeding and hand spraying (knapsack) of living and sleeping quarters. In some Army Divisions in New Guinea, malarial casualties made up 90% of all casualties due to sickness and more than 80% of all casualties, including battle casualties.

DDT has now been linked to a number of diseases including pancreatic cancer.

1944-45: Spraying Australian Troops with DDT to combat Malaria

By May 1944 strategies were in place to aerially spray areas to control malaria. It was widely used in Papua New Guinea and in the Island Campaigns in the South West Pacific (it was also used in the Middle East). Servicemen were exposed to DDT by a number of ways including aerial spraying, direct spraying of bodies of water which mosquitoes could use for breeding and hand spraying (knapsack) of living and sleeping quarters.

In some Army Divisions in New Guinea, malarial casualties made up 90% of all casualties due to sickness and more than 80% of all casualties, including battle casualties. 

DDT has now been linked to a number of diseases including pancreatic cancer.

By May 1944 strategies were in place to aerially spray areas to control malaria. It was widely used in Papua New Guinea and in the Island Campaigns in the South West Pacific (it was also used in the Middle East). Servicemen were exposed to DDT by a number of ways including aerial spraying, direct spraying of bodies of water which mosquitoes could use for breeding and hand spraying (knapsack) of living and sleeping quarters.

In some Army Divisions in New Guinea, malarial casualties made up 90% of all casualties due to sickness and more than 80% of all casualties, including battle casualties.

DDT has now been linked to a number of diseases including pancreatic cancer.

2016 March: Thousands of Victorian Public Servants Exposed to Toxic Chemicals.

‘Big as Fiskville’, says Australian Workers’ Union

March 23, 2016 The Weekly Times

THOUSANDS of public servants could have been exposed to toxic chemicals at work, in a case that has drawn comparisons with the CFA Fiskville scandal.

The Australian Workers’ Union has called on the Victorian Government for a “full and fearless investigation” of the chemicals used by workers across state departments and local government.

The call came after the Victorian Government last week said it would provide free health screenings for all workers employed as sprayers in state departments and agencies before 1995.

The health checks were recommended in the Former Lands Department Chemical Inquiry into the experience of government workers in the Ballarat area from 1965 to 1995.

The inquiry focused on the use of chemicals 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), the two active ingredients of the controversial Agent Orange.

The Ballarat inquiry found “no risk of cancer for those sprayers exposed to 2,4-D” but said prior to 1981 it was ­“plausible that exposure to TCDD (a contaminant in 2,4,5-T) may cause non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma or soft tissue sarcoma”.

AWU Victorian secretary Ben Davis welcomed the Government’s response to the inquiry — which included a review of current practices used in state departments and agencies — but said it was “just the tip of the iceberg”.

Mr Davis said a broader public inquiry was needed into what he described as a “massive social issue”.

“The State Government must now order a comprehensive examination of the whole range of chemicals used by public sector workers, in all parts of the state, over the years,” Mr Davis said.

 

“Workers have told us about illnesses ranging from cancers, to debilitating headaches, to persistent skin complaints and other lingering issues,” he said.

“The least people deserve are answers to the questions about what impacts exposure to these chemicals had on their families,” he said.

“I think this issue is as big as Fiskville,” he said, referring to the CFA training facility closed by the Government last year and now the subject of a parliamentary inquiry.

Mr Davis estimated thousands — many in rural areas — could be affected.

Environment Minister Lisa Neville would not comment on the AWU’s request, but said “no one outside the region was prevented from giving evidence at the (Ballarat) inquiry”.

The Government did not say how many workers would be eligible for health screenings.

https://www.weeklytimesnow.com.au/news/national/big-as-fiskville-says-australian-workers-union/news-story/7ba2c37758cb8ba713abeb467046ef2e

2016 March: Ex-forestry worker airs herbicide worry. Pesticides: 2,4-D, Picloram

Ex-forestry worker airs herbicide worry

March 24, 2016 The Weekly Times

IT WAS called the Forests Commission when Graeme Hughes started working in the public service in 1967.

By the time he retired in 2000, it was Parks Victoria.

There were several incarnations in between but, throughout his 43-year career, Mr Hughes worked in the bush around Stawell, in western Victoria, where he lived and raised a family.

Mr Hughes said that during the 1970s he was required to use Tordon 50D, a chemical herbicide used to kill trees.

“We were told ‘there is nothing wrong with the chemical, it’s harmless to you, you could drink a seven-ounce (200ml) glass a day, it’s a tree killer and harmless to humans’,” Mr Hughes wrote in a recent submission to the Former Lands Department Chemical Inquiry in Ballarat.

A union member throughout his career, Mr Hughes told The Weekly Times his crew was expected to use the chemical without any briefing about the risks involved.

“The (20-litre) drums just went in the back of the ute, next to the Esky with our lunch,” he said.

“We were given a paintbrush and away you’d go through the bush, banging it (a four-litre tin of herbicide) on the back of your legs.”

 

He said clothes would often be saturated with the chemical and workers did not wear gloves.

 

“There were no handwashing facilities. You’d just sit down and eat your lunch,” he said.

He said he believed there would be workers “from Mildura to Orbost” with similar experiences and called for the recent Ballarat based inquiry to be extended across the state.

“When my son was born (in 1987) he had an extra finger on his hand,” Mr Hughes said.

“It was removed, but I always wondered if that was (linked to) chemical exposure.”

Mr Hughes also questioned if his late wife’s Parkinson’s Disease could be related to chemical exposure.

“Was it because she washed my contaminated clothing?” he asked.

He said he knew of former employees who had suffered ill health in recent times — including cancers and Parkinson’s Disease.

https://www.weeklytimesnow.com.au/news/national/exforestry-worker-airs-herbicide-worry/news-story/284c2cd388de76f0e6c97464712eaa6a

Ex-forestry worker airs herbicide worry

March 24, 2016 The Weekly Times

IT WAS called the Forests Commission when Graeme Hughes started working in the public service in 1967.

By the time he retired in 2000, it was Parks Victoria.

There were several incarnations in between but, throughout his 43-year career, Mr Hughes worked in the bush around Stawell, in western Victoria, where he lived and raised a family.

Mr Hughes said that during the 1970s he was required to use Tordon 50D, a chemical herbicide used to kill trees.

“We were told ‘there is nothing wrong with the chemical, it’s harmless to you, you could drink a seven-ounce (200ml) glass a day, it’s a tree killer and harmless to humans’,” Mr Hughes wrote in a recent submission to the Former Lands Department Chemical Inquiry in Ballarat.

A union member throughout his career, Mr Hughes told The Weekly Times his crew was expected to use the chemical without any briefing about the risks involved.

“The (20-litre) drums just went in the back of the ute, next to the Esky with our lunch,” he said.

“We were given a paintbrush and away you’d go through the bush, banging it (a four-litre tin of herbicide) on the back of your legs.”

 

He said clothes would often be saturated with the chemical and workers did not wear gloves.

 

“There were no handwashing facilities. You’d just sit down and eat your lunch,” he said.

He said he believed there would be workers “from Mildura to Orbost” with similar experiences and called for the recent Ballarat based inquiry to be extended across the state.

“When my son was born (in 1987) he had an extra finger on his hand,” Mr Hughes said.

“It was removed, but I always wondered if that was (linked to) chemical exposure.”

Mr Hughes also questioned if his late wife’s Parkinson’s Disease could be related to chemical exposure.

“Was it because she washed my contaminated clothing?” he asked.

He said he knew of former employees who had suffered ill health in recent times — including cancers and Parkinson’s Disease.

https://www.weeklytimesnow.com.au/news/national/exforestry-worker-airs-herbicide-worry/news-story/284c2cd388de76f0e6c97464712eaa6a

1998: Barron River Pesticides Subtidal Sediments: Diuron, DDE, Dieldrin, DDT

Pesticide & Herbicide Residues in Sediments and Seagrasses from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and Queensland Coast - Marine Pollution Bulletin Vol 41. Nos 7-12 pp279-287. 2000

Barron River Site 14

3.6m: Diuron 0.3 ug/kg, DDE 0.15ug/kg

3.2m Diuron 0.4 ug/kg, Dieldrin 0.09ug/kg, DDT 0.05ug/kg, DDE 0.26ug/kg

Pesticide & Herbicide Residues in Sediments and Seagrasses from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and Queensland Coast – Marine Pollution Bulletin Vol 41. Nos 7-12 pp279-287. 2000

Barron River Site 14

3.6m: Diuron 0.3 ug/kg, DDE 0.15ug/kg

3.2m Diuron 0.4 ug/kg, Dieldrin 0.09ug/kg, DDT 0.05ug/kg, DDE 0.26ug/kg

1998: Daintree River. Pesticides in Subtidal Sediments: Diuron

Pesticide & Herbicide Residues in Sediments and Seagrasses from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and Queensland Coast - Marine Pollution Bulletin Vol 41. Nos 7-12 pp279-287. 2000

Daintree River Site 12 Diuron 0.2 ug/kg

Pesticide & Herbicide Residues in Sediments and Seagrasses from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and Queensland Coast – Marine Pollution Bulletin Vol 41. Nos 7-12 pp279-287. 2000

Daintree River Site 12 Diuron 0.2 ug/kg

1997: Moreton Bay West. Intertidal Sediments. Pesticide: Diuron

Pesticide & Herbicide Residues in Sediments and Seagrasses from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and Queensland Coast - Marine Pollution Bulletin Vol 41. Nos 7-12 pp279-287. 2000

Moreton Bay West Site 35 Diuron 0.6 ug/kg

Pesticide & Herbicide Residues in Sediments and Seagrasses from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and Queensland Coast – Marine Pollution Bulletin Vol 41. Nos 7-12 pp279-287. 2000

Moreton Bay West Site 35 Diuron 0.6 ug/kg

1997: Cardwell. Intertidal Sediments. Pesticide: Diuron

Pesticide & Herbicide Residues in Sediments and Seagrasses from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and Queensland Coast - Marine Pollution Bulletin Vol 41. Nos 7-12 pp279-287. 2000

Cardwell Site 19 Diuron 1.7ug/kg

Pesticide & Herbicide Residues in Sediments and Seagrasses from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and Queensland Coast – Marine Pollution Bulletin Vol 41. Nos 7-12 pp279-287. 2000

Cardwell Site 19 Diuron 1,.7ug/kg

1997: Cairns Intertidal Sediments. Pesticide: Diuron

Pesticide & Herbicide Residues in Sediments and Seagrasses from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and Queensland Coast - Marine Pollution Bulletin Vol 41. Nos 7-12 pp279-287. 2000

Cairns Site 15 Diuron 0.5ug/kg

Pesticide & Herbicide Residues in Sediments and Seagrasses from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and Queensland Coast – Marine Pollution Bulletin Vol 41. Nos 7-12 pp279-287. 2000

Cairns Site 15 Diuron 0.5ug/kg

1960’s – 1970’s. Pesticides used by Australia in Vietnam War: Dieldrin, Chlordane, Lindane, Diazinon, DDT, Malathion

What Quantities of Insecticides were used at Nui Dat?

 

On 15 October 1968, a Supply and Transport staff officer on HQ 1ATF, wrote to the Deputy Assistant Director of Supply and Transportion HQ AFV, informing him of the results of a survey of certain expense supplies that were demanded by units at Nui Dat over a three-month period. The quantities of insecticides being consumed at Nui Dat were

included in the survey and they are presented in the following table.

Dieldrin - 600 gallons - Extremely Toxic

Chlordane - 520 gallons - Extremely Toxic

Lindane Powder - 216 two ounce cans - Extremely Toxic

Diazinon Liquid - 600 gallons - Very Toxic

Diazinon Powder - 300 pounds - Very Toxic

DDT - 222 gallons - Moderately Toxic

Malathion - 520 gallons - Slightly Toxic

The supply officer who completed the survey recommended that these usage rates be adopted to establish the working stock levels for supply units at Nui Dat.

 

These are alarming quantities. In a three-month period in 1968, 1,120 gallons of ‘extremely toxic’ Dieldrin and Chlordane alone had been dispersed at Nui Dat. Remember that both of these chemicals were among the world’s twelve most dangerous chemicals that were

banned internationally in 2001.

 

It should be remembered that while the Australians were dispersing these quantities of insecticides at Nui Dat from ground-based equipment, US fixed-wing aircraft were also aerially spraying the base with either Malathion, or, perhaps, DDT, each fortnight.

 

The quantities of insecticides being used in 1968 were not an aberration. Other Australian supply documents from Vietnam show that in mid-1970 there were 285 gallons of Dieldrin in stock with afurther 300 gallons on order, 35 gallons of Chlordane with a further 100 gallons due in, 100 gallons of Lindane Liquid with 300 gallons due in, and so on with similar amounts for the other Residual Insecticides.

https://www.radschool.org.au/magazines/Vol50/pdf/Insecticide%20deceit_.pdf

What Quantities of Insecticides were used at Nui Dat?

On 15 October 1968, a Supply and Transport staff officer on HQ 1ATF, wrote to the Deputy Assistant Director of Supply and Transportion HQ AFV, informing him of the results of a survey of certain expense supplies that were demanded by units at Nui Dat over a three-month period. The quantities of insecticides being consumed at Nui Dat were

included in the survey and they are presented in the following table.

Dieldrin – 600 gallons – Extremely Toxic

Chlordane – 520 gallons – Extremely Toxic

Lindane Powder – 216 two ounce cans – Extremely Toxic

Diazinon Liquid – 600 gallons – Very Toxic

Diazinon Powder – 300 pounds – Very Toxic

DDT – 222 gallons – Moderately Toxic

Malathion – 520 gallons – Slightly Toxic

The supply officer who completed the survey recommended that these usage rates be adopted to establish the working stock levels for supply units at Nui Dat.

These are alarming quantities. In a three-month period in 1968, 1,120 gallons of ‘extremely toxic’ Dieldrin and Chlordane alone had been dispersed at Nui Dat. Remember that both of these chemicals were among the world’s twelve most dangerous chemicals that were

banned internationally in 2001.

It should be remembered that while the Australians were dispersing these quantities of insecticides at Nui Dat from ground-based equipment, US fixed-wing aircraft were also aerially spraying the base with either Malathion, or, perhaps, DDT, each fortnight.

The quantities of insecticides being used in 1968 were not an aberration. Other Australian supply documents from Vietnam show that in mid-1970 there were 285 gallons of Dieldrin in stock with afurther 300 gallons on order, 35 gallons of Chlordane with a further 100 gallons due in, 100 gallons of Lindane Liquid with 300 gallons due in, and so on with similar amounts for the other Residual Insecticides.

https://www.radschool.org.au/magazines/Vol50/pdf/Insecticide%20deceit_.pdf

1940’s: Papua New Guinea Australian Troops. Pesticide: DDT

Tropical diseases

 

In the Pacific war, troops were also exposed to tropical diseases, as well as the potentially harmful chemicals used to control them. This added to the enormous toll in those serving in this arena. Diseases included malaria, dengue fever, typhus and cholera. In northern New

Guinea, the military used DDT – now recognised as possibly carcinogenic and banned in many countries – to control malaria-carrying mosquitoes. Clothing was impregnated with dibutyl phthalate which repels the mites that spread typhus, and soldiers were required to rub this into their own clothes. It is now recognised that exposure to this chemical can have toxic consequences.

 

https://www.mapw.org.au/files/downloads/WW2-factsheet.pdf

Tropical diseases

In the Pacific war, troops were also exposed to tropical diseases, as well as the potentially harmful chemicals used to control them. This added to the enormous toll in those serving in this arena. Diseases included malaria, dengue fever, typhus and cholera. In northern New

Guinea, the military used DDT – now recognised as possibly carcinogenic and banned in many countries – to control malaria-carrying mosquitoes. Clothing was impregnated with dibutyl phthalate which repels the mites that spread typhus, and soldiers were required to rub this into their own clothes. It is now recognised that exposure to this chemical can have toxic consequences.

https://www.mapw.org.au/files/downloads/WW2-factsheet.pdf

1960’s – 1970’s: Australian Troops Exposed to 2,4,5-T, Dieldrin

"... Australian troops fighting in Vietnam were exposed to a cocktail of chemicals, including herbicides, especially the popularly known Agent Orange used to defoliate jungle, which was seen as providing tactical advantages for their enemy. Pesticides, including highly toxic dieldrin, were also apparently misused in aerial spraying of Australian bases.

Veterans in Australia and the US claim they have suffered increased rates of throat cancer, acute and chronic leukaemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, prostate cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, soft tissue sarcoma and liver cancer, as well as nerve, digestive, skin and respiratory disorders...."

https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/win-for-vietnam-vets-with-agent-orange-war-history-to-be-rewritten-20140502-zr2fl.html

 

"First you'd see the spotter plane flying higher to check things out, then the big duster coming in just above the treetops," he said.

The dust was to keep the jungle and undergrowth down to remove enemy cover, and it drifted everywhere, settling on soldiers, trucks and tents, and washing into water tanks. "We were cooking in this water, showering in it every day, drinking it," says David, who now lives with Dianne at Saratoga on the Central Coast. "Afterwards you'd get this prickly heat, and it affected my skin.

https://www.smh.com.au/news/national/done-and-dusted/2008/05/30/1211654312886.html?page=fullpage

“… Australian troops fighting in Vietnam were exposed to a cocktail of chemicals, including herbicides, especially the popularly known Agent Orange used to defoliate jungle, which was seen as providing tactical advantages for their enemy. Pesticides, including highly toxic dieldrin, were also apparently misused in aerial spraying of Australian bases.

Veterans in Australia and the US claim they have suffered increased rates of throat cancer, acute and chronic leukaemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, prostate cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, soft tissue sarcoma and liver cancer, as well as nerve, digestive, skin and respiratory disorders….”

https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/win-for-vietnam-vets-with-agent-orange-war-history-to-be-rewritten-20140502-zr2fl.html

“First you’d see the spotter plane flying higher to check things out, then the big duster coming in just above the treetops,” he said.

The dust was to keep the jungle and undergrowth down to remove enemy cover, and it drifted everywhere, settling on soldiers, trucks and tents, and washing into water tanks. “We were cooking in this water, showering in it every day, drinking it,” says David, who now lives with Dianne at Saratoga on the Central Coast. “Afterwards you’d get this prickly heat, and it affected my skin.

https://www.smh.com.au/news/national/done-and-dusted/2008/05/30/1211654312886.html?page=fullpage

1970-2: Fire Damaged 2,4,5-T imported from Singapore (High Dioxin Levels).

Agent Orange herbicide compensation decision (7.30 Report)

The Tariff Board discovered this company, Chemical Industries Kwinana, was avoiding tariff on cheap chemicals from Singapore to make 2,4,5-T herbicide.

Some of the imports were found to have been damaged by fire which would have further concentrated dioxin, the component poisonous to humans.

WOMAN ON PHONE, FROM 'THIS DAY TONIGHT', 1972: If you won't let us come down, then you have got something to hide.

As the ABC's 'This Day Tonight' found in 1972, Chemical Industries Kwinana did not welcome outside attention.

The company is now defunct, but a WA parliamentary committee is planning to subpoena the son of the company's deceased managing director.

ROBIN CHAPPLE, WA GREENS MP: The ability to subpoena or call before the inquiry agents of the company and the company to see if we can access their records.

MICK O'DONNELL: You will force them to testify?

ROBIN CHAPPLE: That is our intention.

CARL DRYSDALE: I reckon London to a brick it was stuff from Singapore, fire damaged Singapore 2,4,5-T, and they dumped it here in the Kimberley thinking that there'll be no -- out of sight, out of mind, you know.

https://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2004/s1047285.htm

Agent Orange herbicide compensation decision (7.30 Report)

The Tariff Board discovered this company, Chemical Industries Kwinana, was avoiding tariff on cheap chemicals from Singapore to make 2,4,5-T herbicide.

Some of the imports were found to have been damaged by fire which would have further concentrated dioxin, the component poisonous to humans.

WOMAN ON PHONE, FROM ‘THIS DAY TONIGHT’, 1972: If you won’t let us come down, then you have got something to hide.

As the ABC’s ‘This Day Tonight’ found in 1972, Chemical Industries Kwinana did not welcome outside attention.

The company is now defunct, but a WA parliamentary committee is planning to subpoena the son of the company’s deceased managing director.

ROBIN CHAPPLE, WA GREENS MP: The ability to subpoena or call before the inquiry agents of the company and the company to see if we can access their records.

MICK O’DONNELL: You will force them to testify?

ROBIN CHAPPLE: That is our intention.

CARL DRYSDALE: I reckon London to a brick it was stuff from Singapore, fire damaged Singapore 2,4,5-T, and they dumped it here in the Kimberley thinking that there’ll be no — out of sight, out of mind, you know.

https://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2004/s1047285.htm

2013 December – 2014 April: Jacksons Creek Sunbury. Pesticides: Simazine, Diuron, Bifenthrin, Metalaxyl, Penconazole

Jacksons Creek Sunbury Site: JHW

Dec 13: Simazine 0.097ug/L, Bifenthrin 0.012ug/L

March 14: Diuron 0.017ug/L, Simazine 0.039ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.032ug/L, Penconazole 0.017ug/L

April 14: Simazine 0.058ug/L

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

Jacksons Creek Sunbury Site: JHW

Dec 13: Simazine 0.097ug/L, Bifenthrin 0.012ug/L

March 14: Diuron 0.017ug/L, Simazine 0.039ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.032ug/L, Penconazole 0.017ug/L

April 14: Simazine 0.058ug/L

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

2013 December – 2014 April: Jacksons Creek Clarkefield. Pesticides: Simazine

Jacksons Creek at Clarkefield Site: JSC

Dec 13: Simazine 0.09ug/L

April 14: Simazine 0.056ug/L

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

Jacksons Creek at Clarkefield Site: JSC

Dec 13: Simazine 0.09ug/L

April 14: Simazine 0.056ug/L

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

December 2013 – April 2014: Jacksons Creek d/s Riddells Creek. Pesticides: Simazine, Metalaxyl, Penconazole

Jacksons Creek d/s Riddells Creek Site: JDR

Dec 13: Simazine 0.18ug/L

March 14: Simazine 0.046ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.029ug/L, Penconazole 0.017ug/L

April 14: Simazine 0.081ug/L, Triclopyr 2.9ug/L

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

Jacksons Creek d/s Riddells Creek Site: JDR

Dec 13: Simazine 0.18ug/L

March 14: Simazine 0.046ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.029ug/L, Penconazole 0.017ug/L

April 14: Simazine 0.081ug/L, Triclopyr 2.9ug/L

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

2013 December – 2014 March: Riddells Creek. Pesticides: Simazine, Triclopyr, Metalaxyl, Penconazole

Riddells Creek Site: RUJ

Dec 13: Simazine 0.022ug/L

March 14: Metalaxyl 0.03ug/L, Penconazole 0.017ug/L

April 14: Simazine 0.061ug/L, Triclopyr 2.9ug/L

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

Riddells Creek Site: RUJ

Dec 13: Simazine 0.022ug/L

March 14: Metalaxyl 0.03ug/L, Penconazole 0.017ug/L

April 14: Simazine 0.061ug/L, Triclopyr 2.9ug/L

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

2013 December – 2014 April: Jacksons Creek just upstream of Riddells Creek. Pesticides: Multiple

Jacksons Creek upstream of Riddells Creek confluence Site: JUR

Dec 13: Simazine 0.13ug/L

March 14: Chlorpyrifos 0.021ug/L, Ethion 0.035ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.017ug/L, Piperonyl Butoxide 0.019ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.04ug/L, Penconazole 0.019ug/L

April 14: Simazine 0.085ug/L

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

Jacksons Creek upstream of Riddells Creek confluence Site: JUR

Dec 13: Simazine 0.13ug/L

March 14: Chlorpyrifos 0.021ug/L, Ethion 0.035ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.017ug/L, Piperonyl Butoxide 0.019ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.04ug/L, Penconazole 0.019ug/L

April 14: Simazine 0.085ug/L

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

2013 December: Jacksons Creek at Riddells Road. Pesticides: Simazine

Jacksons Creek Gisborne Site: JRR

Dec 13: Simazine 0.08ug/L

April 14: Simazine 0.076ug/L

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

Jacksons Creek Gisborne Site: JRR

Dec 13: Simazine 0.08ug/L

April 14: Simazine 0.076ug/L

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

2013 December – 2014 April. Jacksons Creek (downstream recycled water plant). Pesticides: Simazine, Metalaxyl, Penconazole, Bifenthrin

Jacksons Creek Gisborne Site: JDRWP

Dec 13: Simazine 0.1ug/L

March 14: Metalaxyl 0.028ug/L, Penconazole 0.018ug/L

April 14: Bifenthrin (sediment) 1.01mg/kg

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

Jacksons Creek Gisborne Site: JDRWP

Dec 13: Simazine 0.1ug/L

March 14: Metalaxyl 0.028ug/L, Penconazole 0.018ug/L

April 14: Bifenthrin (sediment) 1.01mg/kg

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

2013 December – 2014 April: Jacksons Creek Recycled Water Plant. Pesticides: Multiple

Jacksons Creek Gisborne Site: RWP

Dec 13: Bifenthrin (sediment) 0.21mg/kg, Dimethomorph (sediment) 0.82mg/kg. Simazine 0.34ug/L

March 14: Diuron 0.13ug/L,, Simazine 0.73ug/L, Piperonyl Butoxide 0.022ug/L, Iprodione 0.036ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.023ug/L, Penconazole 0.017ug/L

April 14: Diuron 0.08ug/L, Simazine 0.2ug/L, Piperonyl Butoxide 0.032ug/L

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

Jacksons Creek Gisborne Site: RWP

Dec 13: Bifenthrin (sediment) 0.21mg/kg, Dimethomorph (sediment) 0.82mg/kg. Simazine 0.34ug/L

March 14: Diuron 0.13ug/L,, Simazine 0.73ug/L, Piperonyl Butoxide 0.022ug/L, Iprodione 0.036ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.023ug/L, Penconazole 0.017ug/L

April 14: Diuron 0.08ug/L, Simazine 0.2ug/L, Piperonyl Butoxide 0.032ug/L

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

2013 December – 2014 April. Jacksons Creek (upstream recycled water plant) Gisborne. Pesticides: Bifenthrin, Simazine, Tebuconazole, Metalaxyl, Penconazole

Jacksons Creek Gisborne Site: JURWP

Dec 13: Bifenthrin (sediment) 0.3mg/kg, Simazine 0.025ug/L, Tebuconazole 0.01ug/L

March 14: Metalaxyl 0.031ug/L, Penconazole 0.018ug/L

April 14: Bifenthrin (sediment) 0.82mg/kg

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

Jacksons Creek Gisborne Site: JURWP

Dec 13: Bifenthrin (sediment) 0.3mg/kg, Simazine 0.025ug/L, Tebuconazole 0.01ug/L

March 14: Metalaxyl 0.031ug/L, Penconazole 0.018ug/L

April 14: Bifenthrin (sediment) 0.82mg/kg

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

2013 December: Gisborne Stormwater Drain. Pesticides: Multiple

Jacksons Creek Gisborne Stormwater Drain Site: GSW

December 2013

Atrazine 0.11ug/L, Diuron 0.03ug/L, Hexazinone 0.018ug/L, Simazine 0.2ug/L, Difenconazole 0.012ug/L, Flusilazole 0.012ug/L, Penconazole 0.012ug/L, Propiconazole 0.017ug/L, Propiconazole 0.012ug/L Tebuconazole 0.02ug/L

Diuron (sediment) 0.31mg/kg, Simazine (sediment) 1.19mg/kg, Bifenthrin (Sediment) 0.71kg/mg, Diphenylamine (Sediment) 0.28kg/mg, O-phenylphenol (Sediment) 3.11mg/kg

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

Jacksons Creek Gisborne Stormwater Drain Site: GSW

December 2013

Atrazine 0.11ug/L, Diuron 0.03ug/L, Hexazinone 0.018ug/L, Simazine 0.2ug/L, Difenconazole 0.012ug/L, Flusilazole 0.012ug/L, Penconazole 0.012ug/L, Propiconazole 0.017ug/L, Propiconazole 0.012ug/L Tebuconazole 0.02ug/L

Diuron (sediment) 0.31mg/kg, Simazine (sediment) 1.19mg/kg, Bifenthrin (Sediment) 0.71kg/mg, Diphenylamine (Sediment) 0.28kg/mg, O-phenylphenol (Sediment) 3.11mg/kg

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

2013 December: Gisborne Stormwater Drain. Pesticides: Multiple

Jacksons Creek Gisborne Stormwater Drain Site: NGS

December 2013

Atrazine 0.013ug/L, Diuron 0.021ug/L, Simazine 0.29ug/L, Piperonyl Butoxide 0.011ug/L

Bifenthrin (Sediment) 0.24kg/mg, Permethrin (sediment) 2.21kg/mg, Dimethomorph 0.22kg/mg, Diphenylamine (Sediment) 0.78kg/mg, O-phenylphenol (Sediment) 2.2mg/kg

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

Jacksons Creek Gisborne Stormwater Drain Site: NGS

December 2013

Atrazine 0.013ug/L, Diuron 0.021ug/L, Simazine 0.29ug/L, Piperonyl Butoxide 0.011ug/L

Bifenthrin (Sediment) 0.24kg/mg, Permethrin (sediment) 2.21kg/mg, Dimethomorph 0.22kg/mg, Diphenylamine (Sediment) 0.78kg/mg, O-phenylphenol (Sediment) 2.2mg/kg

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

2013 December: Jacksons Creek (u/s Gisborne). Pesticides: Diphenylamine, O-phenylphenol

Jacksons Creek Gisborne Site: JCC

December 2013

Diphenylamine (Sediment) 0.44kg/mg, O-phenylphenol (Sediment) 3.78mg/kg

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

Jacksons Creek Gisborne Site: JCC

December 2013

Diphenylamine (Sediment) 0.44kg/mg, O-phenylphenol (Sediment) 3.78mg/kg

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

2013 December – 2014 April. Jacksons Creek Gisborne. Pesticides: Multiple

Jacksons Creek Gisborne Site: JPS

December 2013

Atrazine 0.021ug/L, Diuron 0.02ug/L, Simazine 0.043ug/L, Piperonyl Butoxide 0.14ug/L

Diphenylamine (Sediment) 2.15kg/mg, O-phenylphenol (Sediment) 2.68mg/kg, Permethrin (Sediment) 0.63kg/mg, Bifenthrin (Sediment) 1.79mg/kg

March 2014

Chlorpyrifos 0.019ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.017ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.033ug/L, Penconazole 0.017ug/L

April 2014

Diuron 0.035ug/L, Piperonyl Butoxide 0.04ug/L, Bifenthrin (Sediment) 1.30kg/mg

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

Jacksons Creek Gisborne Site: JPS

December 2013

Atrazine 0.021ug/L, Diuron 0.02ug/L, Simazine 0.043ug/L, Piperonyl Butoxide 0.14ug/L

Diphenylamine (Sediment) 2.15kg/mg, O-phenylphenol (Sediment) 2.68mg/kg, Permethrin (Sediment) 0.63kg/mg, Bifenthrin (Sediment) 1.79mg/kg

March 2014

Chlorpyrifos 0.019ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.017ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.033ug/L, Penconazole 0.017ug/L

April 2014

Diuron 0.035ug/L, Piperonyl Butoxide 0.04ug/L, Bifenthrin (Sediment) 1.30kg/mg

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

2013 December: Upper Jacksons Creek Sediment. Pesticides: Diphenylamine, O-phenylphenol

Upper Jacksons Creek Site: JWF

December 2013

Diphenylamine 0.66kg/mg, O-phenylphenol 5.57mg/kg

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

Upper Jacksons Creek Site: JWF

December 2013

Diphenylamine 0.66kg/mg, O-phenylphenol 5.57mg/kg

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

2013 December: Upper Jacksons Creek Sediment. Pesticides: Diphenylamine, O-Phenylphenyl

Upper Jacksons Creek Site: JDG

December 2013

Diphenylamine 1.67kg/mg, O-phenylphenol 6.67mg/kg

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

Upper Jacksons Creek Site: JDG

December 2013

Diphenylamine 1.67kg/mg, O-phenylphenol 6.67mg/kg

Source: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management. Technical Report 46B: Identifying the Factors Influencing Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Upper Jacksons Creek Catchment. February 2015

https://capim.com.au/uploads/Jacksons%20Creek%20Final%20Report%20-%20Part%20B%20%28CAPIM%20study%29%20for%20web.pdf

2016 March: Banned Pesticides Destroyed in Laverton North

Banned pesticides being destroyed in Laverton North

March 3, 2016  Hobsons Bay Leader

 

BANNED pesticides will be destroyed at a Laverton North company from Friday during a three-month trial of new technology to be overseen by the Environment Protection Authority.

EPA major projects manager German Ferrando-Miguel said the trial of new methods would involve the destruction of half a tonne of a total of 80 tonnes of banned pesticides.

The chemicals had been stored in UN-dangerous goods approved drums sitting on pallets at a chemical storage facility in nearby Fitzgerald Rd for more than 15 years, he said.

The waste would be transported in drums in a truck the two kilometres between Fitzgerald and Dohertys roads on Friday, March 11.

He said that following the 2001 Stockholm Convention — an international treaty to protect human health and the environment from persistent pollutants — the use of certain pesticides, fungicides and other veterinary chemicals were banned in Victoria.

The collection of these chemicals from across Victoria at the time, mainly from the agricultural and veterinary sectors, totalled 235 tonnes.

“Most of the collected chemicals were able to be treated, disposed of or destroyed safely and easily however the EPA, on behalf of the State Government, currently manages the remaining 80 tonnes that were unable to be treated due to them being a complex mix of pesticides,” Dr Ferrando-Miguel said.

 

“Until recently, there has not been a viable and safe solution for the treatment and destruction of these chemical wastes and they have been securely and safely stored in Melbourne over the past 15 years.

“Fortunately, technology at waste management facilities has since evolved to now allow these chemical wastes to be treated and destroyed safely.”

Dr Ferrando-Miguel said following a rigorous and extensive process, Sterihealth in Dohertys Rd, Laverton North, and another facility in Queensland, had been selected to trial their proposals.

“The EPA, together with an independent technical expert, will assess the results of the trial to determine the most effective treatment methodologies and determine the most appropriate solution to treat the remaining waste,” he said.

“The EPA will oversee the trials to ensure they are conducted according to best practice methods that also apply to the treatment and destruction of similar chemicals.

The aim is to ensure that minimal end products remain following treatment.”

https://www.heraldsun.com.au/leader/west/banned-pesticides-being-destroyed-in-laverton-north/news-story/ad9fc57d803b951aa11eedd4bb904348

Banned pesticides being destroyed in Laverton North

March 3, 2016  Hobsons Bay Leader

BANNED pesticides will be destroyed at a Laverton North company from Friday during a three-month trial of new technology to be overseen by the Environment Protection Authority.EPA major projects manager German Ferrando-Miguel said the trial of new methods would involve the destruction of half a tonne of a total of 80 tonnes of banned pesticides.

The chemicals had been stored in UN-dangerous goods approved drums sitting on pallets at a chemical storage facility in nearby Fitzgerald Rd for more than 15 years, he said.

The waste would be transported in drums in a truck the two kilometres between Fitzgerald and Dohertys roads on Friday, March 11.

He said that following the 2001 Stockholm Convention — an international treaty to protect human health and the environment from persistent pollutants — the use of certain pesticides, fungicides and other veterinary chemicals were banned in Victoria.

The collection of these chemicals from across Victoria at the time, mainly from the agricultural and veterinary sectors, totalled 235 tonnes.

“Most of the collected chemicals were able to be treated, disposed of or destroyed safely and easily however the EPA, on behalf of the State Government, currently manages the remaining 80 tonnes that were unable to be treated due to them being a complex mix of pesticides,” Dr Ferrando-Miguel said.

 

“Until recently, there has not been a viable and safe solution for the treatment and destruction of these chemical wastes and they have been securely and safely stored in Melbourne over the past 15 years.

“Fortunately, technology at waste management facilities has since evolved to now allow these chemical wastes to be treated and destroyed safely.”

Dr Ferrando-Miguel said following a rigorous and extensive process, Sterihealth in Dohertys Rd, Laverton North, and another facility in Queensland, had been selected to trial their proposals.

“The EPA, together with an independent technical expert, will assess the results of the trial to determine the most effective treatment methodologies and determine the most appropriate solution to treat the remaining waste,” he said.

“The EPA will oversee the trials to ensure they are conducted according to best practice methods that also apply to the treatment and destruction of similar chemicals.

The aim is to ensure that minimal end products remain following treatment.”

https://www.heraldsun.com.au/leader/west/banned-pesticides-being-destroyed-in-laverton-north/news-story/ad9fc57d803b951aa11eedd4bb904348

2004 July. Georges Bay (Tas). Oysters and people impacted. Pesticide: Atrazine

19/07/2004 Aerial spraying report renews health concerns Reporter: Jocelyn Nettleford 7.30 Report

KERRY O'BRIEN: A report commissioned by a small group of oyster farmers has reopened debate about the impact aerial spraying of pesticides and herbicides could have on waterways and public health. The report has found that aerial spraying of private forestry plantations on Tasmania's east coast was linked to a major oyster kill early this year, and possibly to the mystery illness which is devastating the Tasmanian devil population. Some doctors have called for aerial spraying to be banned until the broader risks to public health can be properly assessed. For its part, the forestry industry has welcomed an audit of its chemical usage, but maintains that aerial spraying poses no health or environmental threat. Jocelyn Nettlefold reports. JIM HARRIS, OYSTER FARMER: Well, you can't help but feel angry and frustrated because, you know, I mean, collectively we lost here at Christmas time around about $1.5 million worth of stock. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: For the oyster farmers at Georges Bay, on Tasmania's east coast, it was a devastating blow - the sudden death of thousands of shellfish. JIM HARRIS: These aren't big businesses - they're small businesses - and in an area like this, you know, we can't sustain those sorts of losses. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: Many began to suspect a link to the recent growth in the number of private forestry plantations around Georges Bay. Aerial spraying of pesticides and herbicides made them wonder about the quality of the water running from the upper catchments. So the oyster farmers commissioned Sydney water scientist Dr Marcus Scammell to investigate. DR MARCUS SCAMMELL, MARINE ECOLOGIST: Initially we looked at the different types of practices in the catchment, but it wasn't until we discovered that there was a helicopter accident where the helicopter had been using chemicals in aerial spraying that we really started to look at what was going on in the forestry plantations themselves. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: While the pilot survived the crash with a broken leg, the spill of chemicals has reopened a sensitive public health debate. Tests on the crash site revealed very high levels of the insecticide alpha cypermethrin, which is extremely toxic to marine life, and herbicides Atrazine and Simazine, which have been linked to tumours in mammals. The Australian Medical Association has called for a ban on aerial spraying near water catchments in Tasmania until it's proven to be safe. DR ALISON BLEANEY, ST HELENS GP: How we can overcome having toxic chemicals put into catchments that drinking water comes out of? JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: Sydney GP Dr Mark Donohue has been studying the health effects of pesticides and herbicides for more than a decade. DR MARK DONOHUE, SYDNEY GP: So if they get into the water supply or if there is a regular contact, the real risk is that in five, 10, 20 and 30 years' time, we see cancer rates escalating. EVAN ROLLEY, FORESTRY TASMANIA: We've done over 5,200 samples over the last 10 years and only three pesticides ever turned up. That was Atrazine, that was nine years ago, and as soon as it turned up, we ceased using Atrazine. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: While Forestry Tasmania is responsible for about 20 per cent of the water catchments in Tasmania, it's not responsible for the private plantations at Georges Bay. But spokesman Evan Rolley maintains the forestry industry should not automatically be blamed. EVAN ROLLEY: I think the real challenge is to make sure there's a full audit of all of the catchment, not just the forested part, but the agricultural and the urban part of the landscape. DR DAVID LEAMAN, GEOHYDROLOGIST: People have just ignored the realities and the risks. And we haven't been careful enough. We haven't applied the duty of care. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: Geohydrologist Dr David Leaman claims controls on aerial spraying aren't being enforced. DR DAVID LEAMAN: There's certainly no real assurances about the dosage or the control of usage. There are too many cases where sprays have gone over people's roofs, where the water's gone into their tanks, where people have been sprayed. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: In the wake of the Scammell report, the Tasmanian Government has ordered that the local water supply around Georges Bay be tested for chemical residues. PAUL LENNON, TASMANIAN PREMIER: Very serious allegations have been raised in the report, we accept that. And we want them properly analysed and that is what we are ensuring will occur. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: But humans aren't the only mammals at risk. Dr Scammell also found that aerial spraying may be responsible for a mysterious disease which is devastating the Tasmanian devil population. DR MARCUS SCAMMELL: As it turned out, there was a strong correlation between the beginning of oyster problems and the beginning of the Tasmanian devil's issues in terms of facial tumours and mortality. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: Wildlife biologist Nick Mooney, who has been monitoring the decline in the devil population, believes aerial spraying can't explain the extent of the deadly epidemic. NICK MOONEY, FACIAL DEVIL DISEASE TASK FORCE: This coincidence, this correlation, it's no surprise to us. We do have devils with this disease in many areas that there's been no spraying, so it's not an exact overlay by any means, and there's a lot other reasons we have to look into. This has a priority but it has to compete with other issues. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: The science within the Scammell report into the Georges Bay oyster kill will long be debated, but it will go down in history as a wake-up call to the issue of chemical spraying in Tasmania. The report found the general breakdown in environmental protection and human health protection processes at every level of government. DR DAVID LEAMAN: We've got to become more realistic and more caring about, one, the people that are affected by this, and then secondly, the long-term effect on the environment in which our children are going to have to live, so it's people again. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: The Tasmanian Government admits it does not know the volume of chemicals entering the state's waterways. It will start an inquiry by examining the records of spraying contractors to find out exactly what chemicals were discharged, where and when. https://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2004/s1157381.htm

19/07/2004 Aerial spraying report renews health concerns Reporter: Jocelyn Nettleford 7.30 Report

KERRY O’BRIEN: A report commissioned by a small group of oyster farmers has reopened debate about the impact aerial spraying of pesticides and herbicides could have on waterways and public health. The report has found that aerial spraying of private forestry plantations on Tasmania’s east coast was linked to a major oyster kill early this year, and possibly to the mystery illness which is devastating the Tasmanian devil population. Some doctors have called for aerial spraying to be banned until the broader risks to public health can be properly assessed. For its part, the forestry industry has welcomed an audit of its chemical usage, but maintains that aerial spraying poses no health or environmental threat. Jocelyn Nettlefold reports. JIM HARRIS, OYSTER FARMER: Well, you can’t help but feel angry and frustrated because, you know, I mean, collectively we lost here at Christmas time around about $1.5 million worth of stock. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: For the oyster farmers at Georges Bay, on Tasmania’s east coast, it was a devastating blow – the sudden death of thousands of shellfish. JIM HARRIS: These aren’t big businesses – they’re small businesses – and in an area like this, you know, we can’t sustain those sorts of losses. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: Many began to suspect a link to the recent growth in the number of private forestry plantations around Georges Bay. Aerial spraying of pesticides and herbicides made them wonder about the quality of the water running from the upper catchments. So the oyster farmers commissioned Sydney water scientist Dr Marcus Scammell to investigate. DR MARCUS SCAMMELL, MARINE ECOLOGIST: Initially we looked at the different types of practices in the catchment, but it wasn’t until we discovered that there was a helicopter accident where the helicopter had been using chemicals in aerial spraying that we really started to look at what was going on in the forestry plantations themselves. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: While the pilot survived the crash with a broken leg, the spill of chemicals has reopened a sensitive public health debate. Tests on the crash site revealed very high levels of the insecticide alpha cypermethrin, which is extremely toxic to marine life, and herbicides Atrazine and Simazine, which have been linked to tumours in mammals. The Australian Medical Association has called for a ban on aerial spraying near water catchments in Tasmania until it’s proven to be safe. DR ALISON BLEANEY, ST HELENS GP: How we can overcome having toxic chemicals put into catchments that drinking water comes out of? JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: Sydney GP Dr Mark Donohue has been studying the health effects of pesticides and herbicides for more than a decade. DR MARK DONOHUE, SYDNEY GP: So if they get into the water supply or if there is a regular contact, the real risk is that in five, 10, 20 and 30 years’ time, we see cancer rates escalating. EVAN ROLLEY, FORESTRY TASMANIA: We’ve done over 5,200 samples over the last 10 years and only three pesticides ever turned up. That was Atrazine, that was nine years ago, and as soon as it turned up, we ceased using Atrazine. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: While Forestry Tasmania is responsible for about 20 per cent of the water catchments in Tasmania, it’s not responsible for the private plantations at Georges Bay. But spokesman Evan Rolley maintains the forestry industry should not automatically be blamed. EVAN ROLLEY: I think the real challenge is to make sure there’s a full audit of all of the catchment, not just the forested part, but the agricultural and the urban part of the landscape. DR DAVID LEAMAN, GEOHYDROLOGIST: People have just ignored the realities and the risks. And we haven’t been careful enough. We haven’t applied the duty of care. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: Geohydrologist Dr David Leaman claims controls on aerial spraying aren’t being enforced. DR DAVID LEAMAN: There’s certainly no real assurances about the dosage or the control of usage. There are too many cases where sprays have gone over people’s roofs, where the water’s gone into their tanks, where people have been sprayed. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: In the wake of the Scammell report, the Tasmanian Government has ordered that the local water supply around Georges Bay be tested for chemical residues. PAUL LENNON, TASMANIAN PREMIER: Very serious allegations have been raised in the report, we accept that. And we want them properly analysed and that is what we are ensuring will occur. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: But humans aren’t the only mammals at risk. Dr Scammell also found that aerial spraying may be responsible for a mysterious disease which is devastating the Tasmanian devil population. DR MARCUS SCAMMELL: As it turned out, there was a strong correlation between the beginning of oyster problems and the beginning of the Tasmanian devil’s issues in terms of facial tumours and mortality. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: Wildlife biologist Nick Mooney, who has been monitoring the decline in the devil population, believes aerial spraying can’t explain the extent of the deadly epidemic. NICK MOONEY, FACIAL DEVIL DISEASE TASK FORCE: This coincidence, this correlation, it’s no surprise to us. We do have devils with this disease in many areas that there’s been no spraying, so it’s not an exact overlay by any means, and there’s a lot other reasons we have to look into. This has a priority but it has to compete with other issues. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: The science within the Scammell report into the Georges Bay oyster kill will long be debated, but it will go down in history as a wake-up call to the issue of chemical spraying in Tasmania. The report found the general breakdown in environmental protection and human health protection processes at every level of government. DR DAVID LEAMAN: We’ve got to become more realistic and more caring about, one, the people that are affected by this, and then secondly, the long-term effect on the environment in which our children are going to have to live, so it’s people again. JOCELYN NETTLEFOLD: The Tasmanian Government admits it does not know the volume of chemicals entering the state’s waterways. It will start an inquiry by examining the records of spraying contractors to find out exactly what chemicals were discharged, where and when. https://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2004/s1157381.htm

2014 October: Yerrabi Pond (ACT) Dying Murray Cod. Suspected pesticides: Glyphosate, Simazine

Scientists to use electricity to stun and survey dying Murray cod
October 2, 2014 Sydney Morning Herald

ACT environmental staff will be stunning fish with electricity in Yerrabi Pond in Gungahlin to investigate why large cod have been dying over the past fortnight.

More than 60 big and small cod have been found dead in the water and up on banks at Yerrabi and Gungahlin ponds. Theories on why the fish are dying range from pollution from upstream construction, weed spraying, and a natural condition known as black water caused by a breakdown of leaf litter.

An ecologist who declined to be named said identifying the cause of fish kills was difficult, and dying fish, as opposed to dead fish, would provide a clearer picture.

The ACT government will be working with experts from the University of Sydney to further sample Murray cod from the pond. Aquatic ecologists will be "electrofishing" on Tuesday to sample fish from the area.

"Electrofishing" uses electricity to stun fish and is a common scientific survey method

Cod believed to be up to six years old have been found belly-up over the past two weeks. Fishing enthusiasts fear whatever is killing the cod will continue spreading downstream into Lake Ginninderra and the Murrumbidgee River.

ACT Environment and Planning directorate cannot say whether chemicals have been used recently to treat sediment layers of water upstream of Yerrabi Pond.

"Flocculants choice is generally not specified by the Environment Protection Authority, industry is able to choose the most appropriate flocculent for a particular situation," a spokeswoman said in a written response.

According to government agencies, routine spot spraying of weeds in granite areas and garden beds in parks within the catchment has taken place but not directly near Yerrabi's foreshores.

"Minimal amounts of the herbicides Roundup and Simazine were applied to weeds, minimising the risk of chemicals polluting the waterways and harming the fish," the spokeswoman said.

Yerrabi Pond is included in monitoring for Canberra's major lakes and ponds. Sampling occurs eight times a year for dissolved oxygen, temperature, acidity, conductivity, faecal coliforms, nutrients, algae and turbidity.

https://www.smh.com.au/national/scientists-to-use-electricity-to-stun-and-survey-dying-murray-cod-20141002-10pffg.html

Scientists to use electricity to stun and survey dying Murray cod
October 2, 2014 Sydney Morning Herald

ACT environmental staff will be stunning fish with electricity in Yerrabi Pond in Gungahlin to investigate why large cod have been dying over the past fortnight.

More than 60 big and small cod have been found dead in the water and up on banks at Yerrabi and Gungahlin ponds. Theories on why the fish are dying range from pollution from upstream construction, weed spraying, and a natural condition known as black water caused by a breakdown of leaf litter.

An ecologist who declined to be named said identifying the cause of fish kills was difficult, and dying fish, as opposed to dead fish, would provide a clearer picture.

The ACT government will be working with experts from the University of Sydney to further sample Murray cod from the pond. Aquatic ecologists will be “electrofishing” on Tuesday to sample fish from the area.

“Electrofishing” uses electricity to stun fish and is a common scientific survey method

Cod believed to be up to six years old have been found belly-up over the past two weeks. Fishing enthusiasts fear whatever is killing the cod will continue spreading downstream into Lake Ginninderra and the Murrumbidgee River.

ACT Environment and Planning directorate cannot say whether chemicals have been used recently to treat sediment layers of water upstream of Yerrabi Pond.

“Flocculants choice is generally not specified by the Environment Protection Authority, industry is able to choose the most appropriate flocculent for a particular situation,” a spokeswoman said in a written response.

According to government agencies, routine spot spraying of weeds in granite areas and garden beds in parks within the catchment has taken place but not directly near Yerrabi’s foreshores.

“Minimal amounts of the herbicides Roundup and Simazine were applied to weeds, minimising the risk of chemicals polluting the waterways and harming the fish,” the spokeswoman said.

Yerrabi Pond is included in monitoring for Canberra’s major lakes and ponds. Sampling occurs eight times a year for dissolved oxygen, temperature, acidity, conductivity, faecal coliforms, nutrients, algae and turbidity.

https://www.smh.com.au/national/scientists-to-use-electricity-to-stun-and-survey-dying-murray-cod-20141002-10pffg.html

2012 May: Pesticide Blown Across Tasman. Pesticide: Endosulfan

Pesticide blown across Tasman

May 7 2012

Karen Lavin graduated from the university on Saturday with a PhD in chemistry.

Her doctoral research focused on analysing the source of "semi-volatile organic contaminants" in the Southern Alps, and included air testing undertaken there in early 2009.

"Many organic contaminants are transported through the atmosphere and accumulate in cold, remote ecosystems," she noted in a summary of her research.

Because of their potential toxicity, it was important to understand the sources influencing the "contaminant burden" in such sites.

The pesticide endosulfan had earlier been banned in New Zealand but had still been in limited use in Australia, including in cotton-growing operations in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland, when the air testing was done on this side of the Tasman, she said.

Endosulfan has since also been banned in Australia.

Dr Lavin, who recently began a research-related job with the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment, emphasised the tiny amounts of contaminants found at the alpine sites posed no risk to humans and were far below levels typically found at other comparable alpine sites overseas.

Nevertheless, the results clearly showed that "even using a pesticide in your own back yard can have quite far-reaching effects".

Pesticide use in Australia had resulted in contaminants being carried by prevailing high winds and finding their way to a remote, "pristine" part of New Zealand.

"It's a global thing. It's amazing how far they can travel," she said.

Australia had been the main source of endosulfan in the study air samples, and combustion-related contaminants from the Victorian bushfires had also been detected.

Traces of the insecticide chlorpyrifos, from Canterbury, had also been found.

https://www.odt.co.nz/campus/university-otago/208232/pesticide-blown-across-tasman

Pesticide blown across Tasman

May 7 2012

Karen Lavin graduated from the university on Saturday with a PhD in chemistry.

Her doctoral research focused on analysing the source of “semi-volatile organic contaminants” in the Southern Alps, and included air testing undertaken there in early 2009.

“Many organic contaminants are transported through the atmosphere and accumulate in cold, remote ecosystems,” she noted in a summary of her research.

Because of their potential toxicity, it was important to understand the sources influencing the “contaminant burden” in such sites.

The pesticide endosulfan had earlier been banned in New Zealand but had still been in limited use in Australia, including in cotton-growing operations in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland, when the air testing was done on this side of the Tasman, she said.

Endosulfan has since also been banned in Australia.

Dr Lavin, who recently began a research-related job with the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment, emphasised the tiny amounts of contaminants found at the alpine sites posed no risk to humans and were far below levels typically found at other comparable alpine sites overseas.

Nevertheless, the results clearly showed that “even using a pesticide in your own back yard can have quite far-reaching effects”.

Pesticide use in Australia had resulted in contaminants being carried by prevailing high winds and finding their way to a remote, “pristine” part of New Zealand.

“It’s a global thing. It’s amazing how far they can travel,” she said.

Australia had been the main source of endosulfan in the study air samples, and combustion-related contaminants from the Victorian bushfires had also been detected.

Traces of the insecticide chlorpyrifos, from Canterbury, had also been found.

https://www.odt.co.nz/campus/university-otago/208232/pesticide-blown-across-tasman

2003: McCreadys Creek Mackay Qld. Pesticides: Diuron, Ametryn, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Simazine

Mackay City Council

 

Appendix B Water Quality Data Summary

 

Miscellaneous Studies by EPA, Researchers and Private Developers

 

The EPA’s monitoring sites in the Mackay City Council Region are located at Blackrock Creek, St Helens Creek, Murray Creek and Bakers Creek.

 

Measures of water quality in McCreadys Creek is reported in the Mackay Mangrove Dieback Study (Duke et al,. 2003). The Mackay Mangrove Dieback Study undertook surface water measurements in 2002 at five sites located in the tidal reaches of Mcreadys Creek and from water that seeped into holes (4 sites) that were dug into mangrove sediment...

Diuron was detected at all four core water sampling sites. Diuron concentrations ranged from 3.32 to 8.36 ng/L. Ametryn, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron and Simazine were also detected at some of the sites.

 

https://www.mackay.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/3746/Appendix_B_-_Water_Quality_Data_Summary.pdf

Mackay City Council

Appendix B Water Quality Data Summary

Miscellaneous Studies by EPA, Researchers and Private Developers

The EPA’s monitoring sites in the Mackay City Council Region are located at Blackrock Creek, St Helens Creek, Murray Creek and Bakers Creek.

Measures of water quality in McCreadys Creek is reported in the Mackay Mangrove Dieback Study (Duke et al,. 2003). The Mackay Mangrove Dieback Study undertook surface water measurements in 2002 at five sites located in the tidal reaches of Mcreadys Creek and from water that seeped into holes (4 sites) that were dug into mangrove sediment…

Diuron was detected at all four core water sampling sites. Diuron concentrations ranged from 3.32 to 8.36 ng/L. Ametryn, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron and Simazine were also detected at some of the sites.

https://www.mackay.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/3746/Appendix_B_-_Water_Quality_Data_Summary.pdf

2011 September: Pesticides in 2 Drinking Water Supply Tanks Forest Glen Qld. Pesticide: Diuron

Poison put in tanks

22nd Sep 2011 The Morning Bulletin

 

POLICE are investigating the deliberate poisoning of two drinking water supply tanks at Marshall's Lagoon, Forest Glen.

The highly toxic herbicide Diuron, which has serious side effects if ingested, was detected in two 5000-litre tanks on the property.

An on-site caretaker will know today whether the persistent bowel and stomach ailment that has weakened his health recently is the result of drinking water.

Detective Senior Sergeant Darren Edwards said the water had been tested through an accredited laboratory and there was no doubt that it had been contaminated.

"We have an ongoing investigation," he said. "It was in an isolated area and whoever did it would need to know where the tanks were.

"It was a mongrel act. If a little kid had drunk water from the hose it may have had a very bad effect."

The caretaker, Mick Stanton, said he realised something was wrong when water he put into a jug to make a cup of tea began frothing out of the top.

Water had also frothed in the sink when he had attempted to wash up.

"I've had an upset bowel and stomach and have been taking tablets ever since to settle it," he said. "I just hope it's nothing too serious."

Property owner Bob Marshall said he had his own theories as to who may be responsible but would leave the matter in the hands of police investigators.

The tanks have been emptied and thoroughly cleaned.

Mr Marshall's wife Kathy said young children regularly played near the tanks and could easily have had a drink from the tap.

"I hate to think what could have happened if one of the little kiddies had drunk it," Mrs Marshall said.

"We're worried sick."

The Queensland Government has proposed a ban on Diuron because of fears about its impact on the Great Barrier Reef. It is used as a weed control agent in cane growing and as a cotton growing defoliant.

It contains Phenylurea Urea and can cause serious damage to health if swallowed. People using it are warned to wash hands carefully as well as gloves and any equipment used in its distribution.

The attack follows the alleged attempted poisoning of 70 hectares of strawberries at Gowinta Farms at Beerwah.

https://www.themorningbulletin.com.au/news/poison-put-in-tanks/1111930/

Poison put in tanks

22nd Sep 2011 The Morning Bulletin

 

POLICE are investigating the deliberate poisoning of two drinking water supply tanks at Marshall’s Lagoon, Forest Glen.

The highly toxic herbicide Diuron, which has serious side effects if ingested, was detected in two 5000-litre tanks on the property.

An on-site caretaker will know today whether the persistent bowel and stomach ailment that has weakened his health recently is the result of drinking water.

Detective Senior Sergeant Darren Edwards said the water had been tested through an accredited laboratory and there was no doubt that it had been contaminated.

“We have an ongoing investigation,” he said. “It was in an isolated area and whoever did it would need to know where the tanks were.

“It was a mongrel act. If a little kid had drunk water from the hose it may have had a very bad effect.”

The caretaker, Mick Stanton, said he realised something was wrong when water he put into a jug to make a cup of tea began frothing out of the top.

Water had also frothed in the sink when he had attempted to wash up.

“I’ve had an upset bowel and stomach and have been taking tablets ever since to settle it,” he said. “I just hope it’s nothing too serious.”

Property owner Bob Marshall said he had his own theories as to who may be responsible but would leave the matter in the hands of police investigators.

The tanks have been emptied and thoroughly cleaned.

Mr Marshall’s wife Kathy said young children regularly played near the tanks and could easily have had a drink from the tap.

“I hate to think what could have happened if one of the little kiddies had drunk it,” Mrs Marshall said.

“We’re worried sick.”

The Queensland Government has proposed a ban on Diuron because of fears about its impact on the Great Barrier Reef. It is used as a weed control agent in cane growing and as a cotton growing defoliant.

It contains Phenylurea Urea and can cause serious damage to health if swallowed. People using it are warned to wash hands carefully as well as gloves and any equipment used in its distribution.

The attack follows the alleged attempted poisoning of 70 hectares of strawberries at Gowinta Farms at Beerwah.

https://www.themorningbulletin.com.au/news/poison-put-in-tanks/1111930/

1998-2009: Johnstone River Estuary Qld. Pesticides: DDE, Dieldrin, Heptachlor, Chlorpyrifos, Lindane, DDT

A WATER QUALITY ISSUES ANALYSIS FOR THE JOHNSTONE RIVER BASIN

Report No. 11/05

for Terrain NRM

Stephen Lewis and Jon Brodie

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University

Final report April 2011

Agrochemicals

Herbicides

... Insecticides

...Russell and Hales (1993) detected the insecticide residues DDE and dieldrin in oysters, mussels, mudcrabs, bony bream and catfish in the Johnstone River, although levels were thought to be of little concern. More recently, Negri et al. (2009) detected dieldrin and heptachlor in mudcrabs of the Johnstone River estuary....

Chlorpyrifos (up to 0.7 μgkg-1) and DDE (up to 0.3 μgkg-1) residues have been detected in the sediments of the Johnstone River estuary (Duke et al., 2003) while residues of lindane (0.08 – 0.19 μgkg-1), dieldrin (0.15 – 0.37 μgkg-1) and DDE (0.16 – 0.25 μgkg-1) have been detected in sub-tidal sediments in the Johnstone River in monitoring conducted in 1998 (Haynes et al., 2000). The organochlorine insecticides among these (dieldrin, heptachlor, lindane, DDT (DDE)) were banned from use in Australia in the 1980s and 1990s.

A WATER QUALITY ISSUES ANALYSIS FOR THE JOHNSTONE RIVER BASIN

Report No. 11/05

for Terrain NRM

Stephen Lewis and Jon Brodie

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University

Final report April 2011

Agrochemicals

Herbicides

… Insecticides

…Russell and Hales (1993) detected the insecticide residues DDE and dieldrin in oysters, mussels, mudcrabs, bony bream and catfish in the Johnstone River, although levels were thought to be of little concern. More recently, Negri et al. (2009) detected dieldrin and heptachlor in mudcrabs of the Johnstone River estuary….

Chlorpyrifos (up to 0.7 μgkg-1) and DDE (up to 0.3 μgkg-1) residues have been detected in the sediments of the Johnstone River estuary (Duke et al., 2003) while residues of lindane (0.08 – 0.19 μgkg-1), dieldrin (0.15 – 0.37 μgkg-1) and DDE (0.16 – 0.25 μgkg-1) have been detected in sub-tidal sediments in the Johnstone River in monitoring conducted in 1998 (Haynes et al., 2000). The organochlorine insecticides among these (dieldrin, heptachlor, lindane, DDT (DDE)) were banned from use in Australia in the 1980s and 1990s.

2011: Insecticides and Fungicides Johnstone River. Pesticides: Chlorpyrifos, Protiophos, Tebuconazole

A WATER QUALITY ISSUES ANALYSIS FOR THE JOHNSTONE RIVER BASIN

Report No. 11/05

for Terrain NRM

Stephen Lewis and Jon Brodie

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University

Final report April 2011

Agrochemicals

... Insecticides

Chlorpyrifos and protiophos were the only insecticides detected in the passive samplers deployed in the North Johnstone River (Kapernick et al., 2007; Shaw et al., 2010). Chlorpyrifos is widely used in the sugar industry to control the greyback cane beetle/grub while protiophos is used in the banana industry (J. Armour, pers comm., 2009). The detection of chlorpyrifos in passive samplers is a concern given that this insecticide’s ANZECC and ARMCANZ (2000) guidelines for freshwaters (0.01 μg/L and 0.00004 μg/L for the 95% and 99% protection values, respectively – high reliability guideline) is within this detection range. The passive samplers accumulated 15 ng (or 0.015 μg) of chlorpyrifos over a 12 day deployment in the dry season (Shaw et al., 2010) meaning that >1 ng (>0.001 μg) must have been accumulated per day which could be within the range of the 99% protection guideline (although a conversion to a mean concentration was not performed). Unfortunately, no guideline has been developed to examine the toxicity of protiophos, although this insecticide is in the same chemical group as chlorpyrifos (organophosphate) and so it may also be of similar concern in the Johnstone Basin. Russell and Hales (1993) detected the insecticide residues DDE and dieldrin in oysters, mussels, mudcrabs, bony bream and catfish in the Johnstone River, although levels were thought to be of little concern. More recently, Negri et al. (2009) detected dieldrin and heptachlor in mudcrabs of the Johnstone River esturay....

Fungicides

Tebuconazole was the only fungicide detected in passive samplers deployed in the North Johnstone River (Kapernick et al., 2007). Tebuconazole is used in the banana industry. No guideline value is available to examine the potential toxicity of tebuconazole.

A WATER QUALITY ISSUES ANALYSIS FOR THE JOHNSTONE RIVER BASIN

Report No. 11/05

for Terrain NRM

Stephen Lewis and Jon Brodie

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University

Final report April 2011

Agrochemicals

… Insecticides

Chlorpyrifos and protiophos were the only insecticides detected in the passive samplers deployed in the North Johnstone River (Kapernick et al., 2007; Shaw et al., 2010). Chlorpyrifos is widely used in the sugar industry to control the greyback cane beetle/grub while protiophos is used in the banana industry (J. Armour, pers comm., 2009). The detection of chlorpyrifos in passive samplers is a concern given that this insecticide’s ANZECC and ARMCANZ (2000) guidelines for freshwaters (0.01 μg/L and 0.00004 μg/L for the 95% and 99% protection values, respectively – high reliability guideline) is within this detection range. The passive samplers accumulated 15 ng (or 0.015 μg) of chlorpyrifos over a 12 day deployment in the dry season (Shaw et al., 2010) meaning that >1 ng (>0.001 μg) must have been accumulated per day which could be within the range of the 99% protection guideline (although a conversion to a mean concentration was not performed). Unfortunately, no guideline has been developed to examine the toxicity of protiophos, although this insecticide is in the same chemical group as chlorpyrifos (organophosphate) and so it may also be of similar concern in the Johnstone Basin. Russell and Hales (1993) detected the insecticide residues DDE and dieldrin in oysters, mussels, mudcrabs, bony bream and catfish in the Johnstone River, although levels were thought to be of little concern. More recently, Negri et al. (2009) detected dieldrin and heptachlor in mudcrabs of the Johnstone River esturay….

Fungicides

Tebuconazole was the only fungicide detected in passive samplers deployed in the North Johnstone River (Kapernick et al., 2007). Tebuconazole is used in the banana industry. No guideline value is available to examine the potential toxicity of tebuconazole.

2006: Johnstone River Qld (offshore). Pesticides: Diuron, Atrazine, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron

A WATER QUALITY ISSUES ANALYSIS FOR THE JOHNSTONE RIVER BASIN

Report No. 11/05

for Terrain NRM

Stephen Lewis and Jon Brodie

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University

Final report April 2011

Agrochemicals

Herbicides

... Diuron, atrazine, hexazinone and tebuthiuron residues were detected in ‘grab’ samples collected along a transect from the Johnstone River to Russell Island (Kapernick et al., 2006). While herbicide residues detected were at relatively low levels (~5 ng/L diuron; others at 1-2 ng/L) compared to guidelines and effect concentrations, this sampling was conducted 2 weeks after Tropical Cyclone Larry had crossed the coast and so concentrations may have been much higher in the earlier stages of the plume.

A WATER QUALITY ISSUES ANALYSIS FOR THE JOHNSTONE RIVER BASIN

Report No. 11/05

for Terrain NRM

Stephen Lewis and Jon Brodie

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University

Final report April 2011

Agrochemicals

Herbicides

… Diuron, atrazine, hexazinone and tebuthiuron residues were detected in ‘grab’ samples collected along a transect from the Johnstone River to Russell Island (Kapernick et al., 2006). While herbicide residues detected were at relatively low levels (~5 ng/L diuron; others at 1-2 ng/L) compared to guidelines and effect concentrations, this sampling was conducted 2 weeks after Tropical Cyclone Larry had crossed the coast and so concentrations may have been much higher in the earlier stages of the plume.

1990’s: Johnstone River Qld: Faunal impacts. Pesticides: Atrazine, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T

A WATER QUALITY ISSUES ANALYSIS FOR THE JOHNSTONE RIVER BASIN

Report No. 11/05

for Terrain NRM

Stephen Lewis and Jon Brodie

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University

Final report April 2011

Agrochemicals

Herbicides

... Russell and Hales (1993; Russell et al., 1996) detected atrazine in mussels and mudcrabs, 2,4-D in mussels, mudcrabs and catfish and 2,4,5-T in catfish in the Johnstone River which suggested that these herbicides had some bio-accumulation potential. Of these herbicides detected in the water and aquatic animals, it appears that concentrations of diuron, 2,4-D and tebuthiuron would be of most concern in the Johnstone Basin. Moreover, the detection of 2,4,5-T also raises some concerns with the potential associated dioxins in this herbicide.

A WATER QUALITY ISSUES ANALYSIS FOR THE JOHNSTONE RIVER BASIN

Report No. 11/05

for Terrain NRM

Stephen Lewis and Jon Brodie

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University

Final report April 2011

Agrochemicals

Herbicides

… Russell and Hales (1993; Russell et al., 1996) detected atrazine in mussels and mudcrabs, 2,4-D in mussels, mudcrabs and catfish and 2,4,5-T in catfish in the Johnstone River which suggested that these herbicides had some bio-accumulation potential. Of these herbicides detected in the water and aquatic animals, it appears that concentrations of diuron, 2,4-D and tebuthiuron would be of most concern in the Johnstone Basin. Moreover, the detection of 2,4,5-T also raises some concerns with the potential associated dioxins in this herbicide.

2011: North Johnstone River (Qld). Pesticides: Diuron, Simazine, Atrazine, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Pendimethalin

A WATER QUALITY ISSUES ANALYSIS FOR THE JOHNSTONE RIVER BASIN

Report No. 11/05

for Terrain NRM

Stephen Lewis and Jon Brodie

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University

Final report April 2011

Agrochemicals

Herbicides

... More recent monitoring in the North Johnstone River with passive samplers has detected diuron, simazine, atrazine, hexazinone, tebuthiuron and pendimethalin (Kapernick et al., 2006; 2007; Shaw et al., 2010).

A WATER QUALITY ISSUES ANALYSIS FOR THE JOHNSTONE RIVER BASIN

Report No. 11/05

for Terrain NRM

Stephen Lewis and Jon Brodie

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University

Final report April 2011

Agrochemicals

Herbicides

… More recent monitoring in the North Johnstone River with passive samplers has detected diuron, simazine, atrazine, hexazinone, tebuthiuron and pendimethalin (Kapernick et al., 2006; 2007; Shaw et al., 2010).

2011: Johnstone River Qld. Pesticides: Diuron, Atrazine, 2,4-D, Ametryn, Trifluralin, MCPA, 2,4,5-T

A WATER QUALITY ISSUES ANALYSIS FOR THE JOHNSTONE RIVER BASIN

Report No. 11/05

for Terrain NRM

Stephen Lewis and Jon Brodie

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University

Final report April 2011

Agrochemicals

Herbicides

A recent study from the neighbouring Tully catchment showed that a number of photosystem-II inhibiting herbicides were regularly detected in the freshwater streams and also offshore in river water plumes in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon at concentrations either exceeding ANZECC and ARMCANZ (2000) guidelines or above known negative effect levels for marine plants (Bainbridge et al., 2009a). A clear relationship exists between the area of sugarcane and the mean diuron concentration (Bainbridge et al., 2009a). Monitoring in the Johnstone River catchment in the 1990s detected six herbicides including diuron (<2.3 μg/L), atrazine (≤0.7 μg/L), 2,4-D (0.18 – 15.6 μg/L), ametryn, trifluralin, MCPA and 2,4,5-T (Hunter et al., 2001).

A WATER QUALITY ISSUES ANALYSIS FOR THE JOHNSTONE RIVER BASIN

Report No. 11/05

for Terrain NRM

Stephen Lewis and Jon Brodie

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University

Final report April 2011

Agrochemicals

Herbicides

A recent study from the neighbouring Tully catchment showed that a number of photosystem-II inhibiting herbicides were regularly detected in the freshwater streams and also offshore in river water plumes in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon at concentrations either exceeding ANZECC and ARMCANZ (2000) guidelines or above known negative effect levels for marine plants (Bainbridge et al., 2009a). A clear relationship exists between the area of sugarcane and the mean diuron concentration (Bainbridge et al., 2009a). Monitoring in the Johnstone River catchment in the 1990s detected six herbicides including diuron (<2.3 μg/L), atrazine (≤0.7 μg/L), 2,4-D (0.18 – 15.6 μg/L), ametryn, trifluralin, MCPA and 2,4,5-T (Hunter et al., 2001).

2015 October: Newtons Ridge Winery Hit By Spray Drift

Newtons Ridge winery hit by spray drift

The Standard

Oct. 13, 2015

SOUTH-west winery Newtons Ridge has been hit with chemical spray drift that is expected to wipe out half its chardonnay grape crop.

Owner David Falk estimates the loss of fruit will cost him about $37,000 in lost wine production.

He said the spray had shrivelled the vine leaves and dwarfed the growth of new vine shoots.

The vines, which were presently at flowering stage, would not bear fruit, Mr Falk said.

He found the damage early last week and believes the spraying might have occurred in the week prior.

Newtons Ridge winery is located on Cooriemungle Road at Cooriemungle, south of Simpson.

“It’s hit about .5 acre (.2 hectare) to an acre (.4 ha). But I’ve only got about seven acres (2.8 ha),” Mr Falk said.

“It came as a shock,” Mr Falk said.

“I thought at first I had downy mildew,” he said.

However an agronomist had quickly identified the cause as spray drift and biosecurity specialists had confirmed the diagnosis.

The vines were being tested to determine what chemical was responsible, Mr Falk said.

He estimated the damage would wipe out half his chardonnay grapes this year, cutting his production of chardonnay wine by about 1000 litres.

“There is nothing we can do to fix the situation this year.

“I just hope next year it does not happen again,” Mr Falk said.

This year’s damage led him to believe that similar damage last year to his sauvignon blanc vines might have also been from spray drift.

That damage lost him between one third and a half of his sauvignon blanc grapes.

Mr Falk said he hoped his setbacks would serve as a lesson to farmers to be careful about weather conditions when spraying.

“Think about the wind,” he said.

“It could have come from 10 kilometres away,” Mr Falk said.

People should also not spray in foggy conditions because the spray could mix with the fog and move with it, he said.

He said neighbouring farms worked in well with his winery and he was not blaming anyone.

Mr Falk, who owns the south-west real estate company Falk & Co, bought the Newtons Ridge winery four years ago from David and Dot Newton. It produces a range of red and white wines.

The state government recommends that agricultural chemicals be applied within buffer zones and vegetative barriers to reduce the potential for spray drift.

https://www.standard.net.au/story/3418335/spray-drift-damages-south-west-vineyard/

Newtons Ridge winery hit by spray drift

The Standard

Oct. 13, 2015

SOUTH-west winery Newtons Ridge has been hit with chemical spray drift that is expected to wipe out half its chardonnay grape crop.

Owner David Falk estimates the loss of fruit will cost him about $37,000 in lost wine production.

He said the spray had shrivelled the vine leaves and dwarfed the growth of new vine shoots.

The vines, which were presently at flowering stage, would not bear fruit, Mr Falk said.

He found the damage early last week and believes the spraying might have occurred in the week prior.

Newtons Ridge winery is located on Cooriemungle Road at Cooriemungle, south of Simpson.

“It’s hit about .5 acre (.2 hectare) to an acre (.4 ha). But I’ve only got about seven acres (2.8 ha),” Mr Falk said.

“It came as a shock,” Mr Falk said.

“I thought at first I had downy mildew,” he said.

However an agronomist had quickly identified the cause as spray drift and biosecurity specialists had confirmed the diagnosis.

The vines were being tested to determine what chemical was responsible, Mr Falk said.

He estimated the damage would wipe out half his chardonnay grapes this year, cutting his production of chardonnay wine by about 1000 litres.

“There is nothing we can do to fix the situation this year.

“I just hope next year it does not happen again,” Mr Falk said.

This year’s damage led him to believe that similar damage last year to his sauvignon blanc vines might have also been from spray drift.

That damage lost him between one third and a half of his sauvignon blanc grapes.

Mr Falk said he hoped his setbacks would serve as a lesson to farmers to be careful about weather conditions when spraying.

“Think about the wind,” he said.

“It could have come from 10 kilometres away,” Mr Falk said.

People should also not spray in foggy conditions because the spray could mix with the fog and move with it, he said.

He said neighbouring farms worked in well with his winery and he was not blaming anyone.

Mr Falk, who owns the south-west real estate company Falk & Co, bought the Newtons Ridge winery four years ago from David and Dot Newton. It produces a range of red and white wines.

The state government recommends that agricultural chemicals be applied within buffer zones and vegetative barriers to reduce the potential for spray drift.

https://www.standard.net.au/story/3418335/spray-drift-damages-south-west-vineyard/

2011 March: Berrima NSW Spraydrift. Pesticides: Triclopyr, Picloram, Aminopyralid

Spray drift kills garden plants

Southern Highland News

March 31, 2011

Residents are angry that contractors commissioned by Wingecarribee Council were spraying highly toxic chemicals from the seat of their truck, on a windy day and in an environmentally protected area.

Residents are angry that contractors commissioned by Wingecarribee Council were spraying highly toxic chemicals from the seat of their truck, on a windy day and in an environmentally protected area.

BERRIMA residents have cried foul after a council round of weed spraying on road verges in the shire killed several of their plants.

Page Coulson said she was "extremely concerned" the contractors employed by the council went ahead with the spraying in what were "very windy" conditions.

"Winds were up to 20km/h. You cannot spray in wind, full stop," she said.

"I don't care if that is the time you have booked in to spray road verges; if it is windy you don't do it.

"Not only were my plants covered in it, but I also was covered in it."

Mrs Coulson said adding to her concerns was the amount of chemicals being used.

"I watched as litres were sprayed on to one shrub. Now if they are using Grazon, which is what it smelt like to me, this is highly toxic stuff; it's not Roundup," she said.

"I also couldn't believe that on one day I saw the contractors spraying in a environmentally protected area from the seat of the truck."

Mrs Coulson said Wingecarribee Council was very apologetic and equally concerned.

"They had no idea this contractor was spraying from inside the truck," she said.

Among the "carnage" on her property, Mrs Coulson lost five illy agnes shrubs, one lilac tree and a eucalyptus, all of which the council has promised would be replaced by the contractor responsible.

The council's parks and open spaces co-ordinator, Greg Bray, confirmed the chemical used was Grazon.

He has apologised to Mrs Coulson and assured all residents more stringent rules would be applied in the future.

"As a result of this incident, council has reviewed chemical spraying contractors' qualifications and will now require all spray contractors working on council property to hold a SMART train AQF IV Chemical Application," he said.

https://www.southernhighlandnews.com.au/story/1070752/spray-drift-kills-garden-plants/

Spray drift kills garden plants

Southern Highland News

March 31, 2011

Residents are angry that contractors commissioned by Wingecarribee Council were spraying highly toxic chemicals from the seat of their truck, on a windy day and in an environmentally protected area.

Residents are angry that contractors commissioned by Wingecarribee Council were spraying highly toxic chemicals from the seat of their truck, on a windy day and in an environmentally protected area.

BERRIMA residents have cried foul after a council round of weed spraying on road verges in the shire killed several of their plants.

Page Coulson said she was “extremely concerned” the contractors employed by the council went ahead with the spraying in what were “very windy” conditions.

“Winds were up to 20km/h. You cannot spray in wind, full stop,” she said.

“I don’t care if that is the time you have booked in to spray road verges; if it is windy you don’t do it.

“Not only were my plants covered in it, but I also was covered in it.”

Mrs Coulson said adding to her concerns was the amount of chemicals being used.

“I watched as litres were sprayed on to one shrub. Now if they are using Grazon, which is what it smelt like to me, this is highly toxic stuff; it’s not Roundup,” she said.

“I also couldn’t believe that on one day I saw the contractors spraying in a environmentally protected area from the seat of the truck.”

Mrs Coulson said Wingecarribee Council was very apologetic and equally concerned.

“They had no idea this contractor was spraying from inside the truck,” she said.

Among the “carnage” on her property, Mrs Coulson lost five illy agnes shrubs, one lilac tree and a eucalyptus, all of which the council has promised would be replaced by the contractor responsible.

The council’s parks and open spaces co-ordinator, Greg Bray, confirmed the chemical used was Grazon.

He has apologised to Mrs Coulson and assured all residents more stringent rules would be applied in the future.

“As a result of this incident, council has reviewed chemical spraying contractors’ qualifications and will now require all spray contractors working on council property to hold a SMART train AQF IV Chemical Application,” he said.

https://www.southernhighlandnews.com.au/story/1070752/spray-drift-kills-garden-plants/

2008 August: Endosulfan found in Australian Tomatoes. Pesticides: Endosulfan, Dimethoate, Omethoate

Endosulfan, a toxic organophosphate insecticide, in Australian tomatoes

This report was published in July by the Soil & Health Association of New Zealand

More endosulfan in tomatoes - this time Australian ones are worse!

Independent residue testing commissioned by Pesticide Action Network Aotearoa NZ and the Soil & Health Association has found endosulfan residues in both New Zealand and Australian tomatoes - but this time the residues are much worse in the imported tomatoes.

Endosulfan residues were found in cherry tomatoes, but not loose tomatoes, from both countries, with those from Australia having 4 and a half times more endosulfan than the NZ cherry tomatoes.

Whilst the Australian large loose tomatoes did not contain endosulfan, they did contain residues of dimethoate, and its metabolite omethoate. Dimethoate is a highly toxic organophosphate insecticide used as a post harvest dip to kill fruit fly larvae before tomatoes are sent to New Zealand. Omethoate is far more toxic and persistent than dimethoate.

“Dimethoate and omethoate don’t wash off the tomatoes and are not something consumers should be ingesting,” said Dr Meriel Watts of Pesticide Action Network. “They are endocrine disruptors, reducing testosterone levels and causing infertility and can also cause birth defects, a variety of cancers including leukaemia, and suppression of the immune system.”

 Endosulfan, a highly toxic and persistent organochlorine insecticide. It has been banned in 55 countries and proposed by the European Union for a global ban under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic pollutants.

“Endosulfan is the worst pesticide still in use in New Zealand”, said Dr Watts. “It is also an endocrine disruptor, specifically mimicking oestrogen, causing breast cancer cells to grow and is a real risk for breast cancer at even very low exposure levels such as residues in food. It persists in our bodies and is handed down to the next generation across the placenta and in breast milk, a situation that is regarded as no longer acceptable in countries such as those of the European Union”.

 Jo Immig of National Toxics Network in Australia has written to Tony Burke MP, Minister for Agriculture as well as the Health and Environment Ministers bringing their attention to this issue and asking for an immediate ban on endosulfan use in Australia.

According to the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Pesticides Authority (APVMA) database, there are currently eight, registered endosulfan pesticide products in Australia that are used on an extensive range of produce including cotton, cereals, oilseeds, fruit, vegetables and a range of other crops. The APVMA states itself that, ‘Alternative products are available for all [endosulfan] use patterns…”. (APVMA Information Sheet, “Does the Use of Endosulfan Interest You?”)

The figures for Australian cherry tomatoes imported into New Zealand were 100gms of tomato will give a load of 97ug, practically reaching the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for a 50kg person

Action

An “Open Letter to Stephen Johnson, Administrator,U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Ban Endosulfan” has been published this week in the Int J Occup Environ Health. This journal is listed on PubMed, and the article should appear in PubMed within a few months. There are many organisations supporting the letter. On behalf of DEA it is signed by Alison Bleaney and David Shearman

National Toxics network has written to the Minister of agriculture in Australia (see above)

DEA members will have to make a personal decision as to whether they buy organic tomatoes or preferably grow their own. Unfortunately there must be concern that other fruit and vegetables are similarly treated. Have you ever wondered why you never find a slug in the lettuce you buy? It is reassuring to find one in the organically grown lettuce! Editor

More information on this topic can be found at www.ntn.org.au

https://dea.org.au/news/article/endosulfan_a_toxic_organophosphate_insecticide_in_australian_tomatoes

Endosulfan, a toxic organophosphate insecticide, in Australian tomatoes

This report was published in July by the Soil & Health Association of New Zealand

More endosulfan in tomatoes – this time Australian ones are worse!

Independent residue testing commissioned by Pesticide Action Network Aotearoa NZ and the Soil & Health Association has found endosulfan residues in both New Zealand and Australian tomatoes – but this time the residues are much worse in the imported tomatoes.

Endosulfan residues were found in cherry tomatoes, but not loose tomatoes, from both countries, with those from Australia having 4 and a half times more endosulfan than the NZ cherry tomatoes.

Whilst the Australian large loose tomatoes did not contain endosulfan, they did contain residues of dimethoate, and its metabolite omethoate. Dimethoate is a highly toxic organophosphate insecticide used as a post harvest dip to kill fruit fly larvae before tomatoes are sent to New Zealand. Omethoate is far more toxic and persistent than dimethoate.

“Dimethoate and omethoate don’t wash off the tomatoes and are not something consumers should be ingesting,” said Dr Meriel Watts of Pesticide Action Network. “They are endocrine disruptors, reducing testosterone levels and causing infertility and can also cause birth defects, a variety of cancers including leukaemia, and suppression of the immune system.”

 Endosulfan, a highly toxic and persistent organochlorine insecticide. It has been banned in 55 countries and proposed by the European Union for a global ban under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic pollutants.

“Endosulfan is the worst pesticide still in use in New Zealand”, said Dr Watts. “It is also an endocrine disruptor, specifically mimicking oestrogen, causing breast cancer cells to grow and is a real risk for breast cancer at even very low exposure levels such as residues in food. It persists in our bodies and is handed down to the next generation across the placenta and in breast milk, a situation that is regarded as no longer acceptable in countries such as those of the European Union”.

 Jo Immig of National Toxics Network in Australia has written to Tony Burke MP, Minister for Agriculture as well as the Health and Environment Ministers bringing their attention to this issue and asking for an immediate ban on endosulfan use in Australia.

According to the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Pesticides Authority (APVMA) database, there are currently eight, registered endosulfan pesticide products in Australia that are used on an extensive range of produce including cotton, cereals, oilseeds, fruit, vegetables and a range of other crops. The APVMA states itself that, ‘Alternative products are available for all [endosulfan] use patterns…”. (APVMA Information Sheet, “Does the Use of Endosulfan Interest You?”)

The figures for Australian cherry tomatoes imported into New Zealand were 100gms of tomato will give a load of 97ug, practically reaching the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for a 50kg person

Action

An “Open Letter to Stephen Johnson, Administrator,U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Ban Endosulfan” has been published this week in the Int J Occup Environ Health. This journal is listed on PubMed, and the article should appear in PubMed within a few months. There are many organisations supporting the letter. On behalf of DEA it is signed by Alison Bleaney and David Shearman

National Toxics network has written to the Minister of agriculture in Australia (see above)

DEA members will have to make a personal decision as to whether they buy organic tomatoes or preferably grow their own. Unfortunately there must be concern that other fruit and vegetables are similarly treated. Have you ever wondered why you never find a slug in the lettuce you buy? It is reassuring to find one in the organically grown lettuce! Editor

More information on this topic can be found at www.ntn.org.au

https://dea.org.au/news/article/endosulfan_a_toxic_organophosphate_insecticide_in_australian_tomatoes

1996 May: Cotton Insecticides Contaminates Calves. Pesticides: Chlorfluazuron, Endosulfan

Cotton Insecticide Contaminates Calves

May 20, 1996

Newborn calves in Australia are still being contaminated with 
hazardous levels of the insecticide Helix (chlorfluazuron), 
two years after cattle were fed cotton trash containing 
residues of the pesticide. After finding high levels of Helix 
in the cattle, several countries suspended beef imports from 
Australia. Government inspectors believe that the pesticide 
is being passed to calves through suckling. Due to a drought 
in 1994, many Australian farmers were forced to feed cattle 
alternative feeds, which in some cases included cotton trash 
containing chlorfluazuron residues.

National Toxics Network, an Australian public interest group, 
states that Helix was given special government approval for 
use on cotton despite being provisionally registered due to 
concerns about its persistence in the environment. Recent 
research by the Meat Research Corporation (Australia) found 
that Helix residues may never disappear from older cattle, 
and that farmers may be able to sell contaminated cattle only 
for pet food. 

In 1995, cattle farmers filed a class action suit against the 
Australian government and Crop Care Australasia, the company 
that marketed Helix in Australia. The suit seeks compensation 
for losses in beef sales resulting from the initial pesticide 
contamination, and was filed before anyone knew that losses 
would continue in the next generation of cattle. The suit, 
which represents approximately 460 cattle farmers, alleges 
that chlorfluazuron was registered without adequate testing. 
Crop Care Australasia announced last year that it was 
withdrawing the pesticide from the Australian market as an 
"act of good faith." 

Farmers in New South Wales and Queensland may file a similar 
lawsuit against the Australian government due to cattle 
contamination by the organochlorine insecticide endosulfan. 
The farmers' lawyer charged that the Australian National 
Registration Authority labeled endosulfan inadequately. 
Approximately 23 farms were placed in quarantine after 
inspectors discovered the insecticide in beef cattle at 
levels above the maximum residue limit, possibly due to spray 
drift contaminating grazing land. In Australia, endosulfan is 
used primarily on cotton. Endosulfan has been targeted for 
global phaseout by pesticide reform groups worldwide due to 
its extreme toxicity (see PANUPS June 16, 1995 and June 16, 
1994). It has also been identified as an endocrine disruptor.

National Toxics Network stated that the endosulfan and 
chlorfluazuron cases are not the first reports of Australian 
cattle being contaminated with pesticides. In 1987, 
organochlorine residues were detected in beef shipped to the 
U.S., and since that time Australian beef exporters have lost 
millions of dollars due to concerns about chemical 
contamination.  

Sources: Agrow, February 16, 1996; January 19, 1996; February 
3, 1995; National Toxics Network Sentinel, February 1995.

https://www.ibiblio.org/london/agriculture/forums/sustainable-agriculture2/msg00757.html

1999 February: Australian Beef Rejected for Export. Pesticide: Endosulfan

Pesticide Action Network Updates Service (PANUPS)

Endosulfan Residues in Australian Beef

February 22, 1999

Australian beef has been rejected for export because of excessive residues of endosulfan, an organochlorine insecticide. A representative of the Australian Minister of Agriculture stated that high endosulfan levels in beef from farms in New South Wales and Queensland are most likely the result of increased cotton plantings and high pesticide use to control insects. Endosulfan residues can be found in cattle when pastures are contaminated by pesticide drift from neighboring cotton fields or when the animals are fed cotton gin trash containing the chemical. Cotton plantings are expected to increase by 25% this year, to approximately 547,000 hectares.

The maximum residue level of endosulfan allowed in beef sold in Australia is 0.2 mg/kg, twice the international (Codex) level of 0.1 mg/kg. Some beef samples taken from affected properties in Queensland recently contained as much as 0.36 mg/kg, almost twice the Australian limit and almost four times the international limit.

The Australian National Residue Survey has already targeted about 1,400 cattle farms as vulnerable to contamination from cotton spraying and the cattle raised on these farms are closely monitored for endosulfan residues. The government has proposed an increase in the number of targeted farms and that more information on use of endosulfan be provided to cotton and cattle farmers.

The Australian National Registration Authority, the government body that regulates pesticide use, has called for reductions in endosulfan use and imposed some restrictions in an attempt to limit worker and environmental impacts. In July 1999, growers will be required to keep spray application records and limit applications to two per season for non-orchard crops. An earlier proposal to limit applications to “essential” uses was dropped after lobbying by growers, grower groups and commodity organizations.

These latest incidents occurred at a time when the Australian cotton industry was about to launch its “Good Neighbors” environmental stewardship program. Cotton Australia, the cotton industry association, has proposed an auditing process that would award certification to farms meeting environmental standards set by the group.

In 1996, approximately 23 farms in New South Wales and Queensland were placed in quarantine after inspectors discovered endosulfan in beef cattle at levels above the maximum residue limit, possibly due to grazing land that had been contaminated by spray drift. Lawyers for the farmers maintained that restrictions on endosulfan use issued by the Australian National Registration Authority were inadequate.

Endosulfan has been banned and severely restricted in many countries around the world as governments respond to its acute human toxicity, and the high numbers of reported poisonings. It has been targeted for global phaseout by pesticide reform groups worldwide. In recent years, endosulfan has also been identified as an endocrine disrupting chemical.

Australia has had other problems with pesticide residues in cattle. In 1996, newborn calves in Australia were found contaminated with hazardous levels of the insecticide Helix (chlorfluazuron) two years after cattle were fed cotton trash containing residues of the pesticide. Government inspectors believed that the pesticide was passed to calves through suckling. After finding high levels of Helix in the cattle, several countries suspended beef imports from Australia. Due to a drought in 1994, many Australian farmers were forced to feed cattle alternative feeds, which in some cases included cotton trash containing chlorfluazuron residues.

Source: Agrow: World Crop Protection News, January 15, 1999 and August 28, 1998. PANUPS, May 20, 1996. Consumer Food News, February 1999.

https://www.panna.org/legacy/panups/panup_19990222.dv.html

 

1987 September: Australian Beef – US Pesticide Residue Violation. Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

BEEF FOUND TO EXCEED PESTICIDE LIMITS

Journal of Commerce Staff | Sep 27, 1987 8:00PM EDT

U.S. Department of Agriculture found a new violation of pesticide residue levels in a shipment of Australian beef to the United States, said Nancy Robinson, director of information, U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service.

Australian authorities have delisted Harvey Meat Exports, the plant where the meat originated, making it illegal for the plant to continue exporting their product, Ms. Robinson said.The USDA will place the company's meat at the end of its backlog of inspections that resulted from a temporary ban on some Australian beef imports in August. It may not be economical to import Harvey's meat, Ms. Robinson warned.

The Agriculture Department found that levels of a fly spray, chlorpyrifos, exceeded legal limits. The legal limit is 2.0 parts per million. They found 2.2 ppm, Ms. Robinson said.

The meat was processed after May 25, the date Australia intensified its residue detection procedures.

But the USDA is not alarmed to find a small number of violations in post- May 25 meat, Ms. Robinson said.

https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/beef-found-exceed-pesticide-limits_19870927.html

BEEF FOUND TO EXCEED PESTICIDE LIMITS

Journal of Commerce Staff | Sep 27, 1987 8:00PM EDT

U.S. Department of Agriculture found a new violation of pesticide residue levels in a shipment of Australian beef to the United States, said Nancy Robinson, director of information, U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service.

Australian authorities have delisted Harvey Meat Exports, the plant where the meat originated, making it illegal for the plant to continue exporting their product, Ms. Robinson said.The USDA will place the company’s meat at the end of its backlog of inspections that resulted from a temporary ban on some Australian beef imports in August. It may not be economical to import Harvey’s meat, Ms. Robinson warned.

The Agriculture Department found that levels of a fly spray, chlorpyrifos, exceeded legal limits. The legal limit is 2.0 parts per million. They found 2.2 ppm, Ms. Robinson said.

The meat was processed after May 25, the date Australia intensified its residue detection procedures.

But the USDA is not alarmed to find a small number of violations in post- May 25 meat, Ms. Robinson said.

https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/beef-found-exceed-pesticide-limits_19870927.html

1987 May: Export Meat to USA Pesticide Residue Violations. Pesticides: Dieldrin, Hepatchlor

In spite of several quality control procedures used by Australia to ensure the wholesomeness of export meat, a number of pesticide residue violations were identified in the Australian product exported to the USA in May 1987. The pesticides involved were the organochlorines, dieldrin and heptachlor. The problems were caused by the persistence of organochlorines in soils and their illicit use or contamination of storage facilities. Animals grazing contaminated pasture, ingesting contaminated feed or held in contaminated yards over a period, bioaccumulated residues in their adipose tissues which eventually exceeded maximum residue limits (MRL) and caused violations. Though there was no immediate public health risk, the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS) of the Commonwealth Department of Primary Industries and Energy (DPIE), acted expeditiously to determine and eliminate the factors causing these problems, which threatened Australia's beef export industry worth in excess of two billion dollars annually. An overall strategic plan, “The Integrated Action Plan”, was formulated and implemented by AQIS with the assistance of the relevant Departments of the States and the Northern Territory (NT), meat processing and export industries and livestock producer bodies. As a result of this action, the likely sources of contamination were identified and controlled. The National Residue Survey (NRS) was enhanced, a National Residue Data Base (NRDB) was established and a centralised computer system interactive with abattoirs, laboratories and animal health authorities developed. The cattle farm identity tail tag system already in place, capable of tracing cattle to the farm of origin was refined and trace back systems for sheep and pigs were utilised. Analytical laboratory facilities capable of a rapid sample turnover were expanded and an individual farm organochlorine clearance program was established. From 25 May 1987 to 22 May 1989, 813,330 cattle were tested in the AQIS testing program from approximately 137,000 individual farms. Of this number, approximately 118,000 farms met the designated test result and were declared clear. This program has also been successful in preventing further violations being detected in Australian beef by overseas import testing authorities. In achieving a reduction of violations, a closer working liaison was established between AQIS and the relevant Departments of the States and NT resposible for animal health programs.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1990.tb07695.x/abstract

In spite of several quality control procedures used by Australia to ensure the wholesomeness of export meat, a number of pesticide residue violations were identified in the Australian product exported to the USA in May 1987. The pesticides involved were the organochlorines, dieldrin and heptachlor. The problems were caused by the persistence of organochlorines in soils and their illicit use or contamination of storage facilities. Animals grazing contaminated pasture, ingesting contaminated feed or held in contaminated yards over a period, bioaccumulated residues in their adipose tissues which eventually exceeded maximum residue limits (MRL) and caused violations. Though there was no immediate public health risk, the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS) of the Commonwealth Department of Primary Industries and Energy (DPIE), acted expeditiously to determine and eliminate the factors causing these problems, which threatened Australia’s beef export industry worth in excess of two billion dollars annually. An overall strategic plan, “The Integrated Action Plan”, was formulated and implemented by AQIS with the assistance of the relevant Departments of the States and the Northern Territory (NT), meat processing and export industries and livestock producer bodies. As a result of this action, the likely sources of contamination were identified and controlled. The National Residue Survey (NRS) was enhanced, a National Residue Data Base (NRDB) was established and a centralised computer system interactive with abattoirs, laboratories and animal health authorities developed. The cattle farm identity tail tag system already in place, capable of tracing cattle to the farm of origin was refined and trace back systems for sheep and pigs were utilised. Analytical laboratory facilities capable of a rapid sample turnover were expanded and an individual farm organochlorine clearance program was established. From 25 May 1987 to 22 May 1989, 813,330 cattle were tested in the AQIS testing program from approximately 137,000 individual farms. Of this number, approximately 118,000 farms met the designated test result and were declared clear. This program has also been successful in preventing further violations being detected in Australian beef by overseas import testing authorities. In achieving a reduction of violations, a closer working liaison was established between AQIS and the relevant Departments of the States and NT resposible for animal health programs.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1990.tb07695.x/abstract

2016 January: Oats from Australia found to contain excessive pesticide residues. Pesticide. Fenitrothion

Oats from Australia found to contain excessive pesticide residues

2016/01/15

Taipei, Jan. 15 (CNA) A shipment of oats imported from Australia has been returned to its shipper after it was found to contain pesticide residues beyond the legal limit, Taiwan's Food and Drug Administration said Friday.

The 24,000-kg batch of quick oats manufactured by Blue Lake Milling was found to contain 0.11 ppm of fenitrothion, exceeding Taiwan's allowable level of 0.02 ppm, FDA said.

Yen Tzung-hai (顏宗海), a toxicologist at Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, said fenitrothion is an organophospahate insecticide that is moderately toxic and insoluble in water.

He said the amount of residues detected in the Australian oats in this case was small and he urged the public not to worry.

The importer, Jellico Food Co., said the Australian manufacturer had tested its products for pesticide residues before exporting them and was surprised that the shipment of quick oats failed the tests in Taiwan.

The manufacturer has promised to strengthen the testing and quality control of its products, the company said.

https://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201601150023.aspx

Oats from Australia found to contain excessive pesticide residues

2016/01/15

Taipei, Jan. 15 (CNA) A shipment of oats imported from Australia has been returned to its shipper after it was found to contain pesticide residues beyond the legal limit, Taiwan’s Food and Drug Administration said Friday.

The 24,000-kg batch of quick oats manufactured by Blue Lake Milling was found to contain 0.11 ppm of fenitrothion, exceeding Taiwan’s allowable level of 0.02 ppm, FDA said.

Yen Tzung-hai (顏宗海), a toxicologist at Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, said fenitrothion is an organophospahate insecticide that is moderately toxic and insoluble in water.

He said the amount of residues detected in the Australian oats in this case was small and he urged the public not to worry.

The importer, Jellico Food Co., said the Australian manufacturer had tested its products for pesticide residues before exporting them and was surprised that the shipment of quick oats failed the tests in Taiwan.

The manufacturer has promised to strengthen the testing and quality control of its products, the company said.

https://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201601150023.aspx

2015 July: Pesticides in WA Fresh Produce Too High

Worrying and in some cases illegal levels of heavy metals, carcinogenic insecticide and arsenic has been found in multiple foods being imported into Australia as revealed by independent testing commissioned by SBS Punjabi Radio as part of a special investigation into the safety of Australia’s food import industry

 

Shamsher Kainth, Manpreet K Singh

27 Oct 2016 - 7:00 AM  UPDATED 2 Nov 2016 - 5:29 PM

 

After receiving reports from listeners complaining of problems with foods they had purchased at South Asian grocery stores around Australia, SBS Punjabi Radio team were prompted to investigate further. They sent 18 products purchased at Indian Specialty stores across greater Melbourne to the National Measurement Institute, a food testing lab accredited by the National Association of Testing Authorities.

The tests revealed two instances of products which failed Australian food safety standards:

 - Kohinoor brand basmati rice found to contain Buprofezin - an insecticide banned in Australia.

 - Popular Indian spice brand MDH found to contain pesticides above the accepted Australian limit.

Apart from the two foods that failed to meet FSANZ standards, the National Measurement Institute also tested many samples of popular foods. 

Results from three other products concerned Food Safety experts due to levels of lead, copper and insecticide residues.

The three concerning products are:

- Complan - a powdered milk drink for growing children manufactured by Heinz in India.

- Indus basmati - a rice from Pakistan.

- Verka Ghee - a clarified butter widely used by South Asians in their daily cooking

https://www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/punjabi/en/article/2016/10/26/exclusive-sbs-testing-reveals-worrying-levels-chemicals-foods-available-sale

Pesticides in WA fresh produce too high, report finds

 1 Jul 2015

Pesticide residue left in West Australian produce has reached unacceptable levels, and is much higher than the national standard, an auditor-general report has found.

In two of the last three WA Department of Health food monitoring testing programs 11 per cent of local produce contained residue levels exceeding acceptable standards.

The department conducts tests for pesticide residue in local meat, fish, fruit, vegetables and grains every two years.

A program conducted using food samples from across Australia found less than 1 per cent breached acceptable levels.

The Department of Health said it recorded higher rates because it sampled produce more likely to be exposed to increased pesticide use, compared to the samples used in the national monitoring program.

But in his report, auditor-general Colin Murphy said the department did not adequately follow up on the incidents to understand or address the causes.

“Licensing and inspection processes need to be strengthened for some high-risk licence categories,” the report said.

“Results of monitoring and inspection programs need better follow up to ensure appropriate action is taken and agencies could better plan and coordinate inspection and monitoring activities to make use of their scarce resources.”

When a sample exceeds accepted pesticide residue limits, the department informs the local government from where the sample originated, which then follows up the matter with the grower.

Mr Murphy said there was no other formal analysis or reporting of the results, industry was not provided any feedback and the results were not used to inform other compliance programs.

Mr Murphy was also critical of the both the Health Department and the Department of Agriculture and Food for rarely carrying out legislatively-required inspections of licensed pesticide permit holders to check if they are being managed correctly.

He recommended the Health Department ensured all results from the food monitoring program were appropriately followed up by local governments by the end of the year.

He also advised the Pesticides Advisory Committee to formalise a process to ensure information collection is coordinated and results were shared between agencies.

Both departments said they welcomed the findings of the report.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-07-01/pesticide-residues-in-wa-fresh-produce-unacceptable/6585300

2016 January: Spray Drift Closeburn Qld. Pesticide: Aminopyralid, Fluroxypur

Radio National: The Law Report 9/2/16

A neighbour's pesticide blew onto a Queensland woman's property, and she ended up in hospital for a short time.

What are the regulations and who do you call when chemical spray drift affects you?

https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/lawreport/spray-drift-pesticide-puts-neighbour-in-hospital/7151130

Resident demands safety from chemicals

 February 4, 2016 (The Westerner) https://www.thewesterner.com.au/?p=7959

 

A Closeburn resident wants to see laws enacted to ensure people have their rights protected when it comes to the air they breathe.

Denise Ravenscroft was hospitalised last month after inadvertently inhaling weedkiller that was being sprayed on her neighbour’s property.

Mrs Ravenscroft, who has lived on her property for about 30 years, began smelling a “serious, strong chemical smell”.

She discovered contractors spraying a herbicide weedkiller, which she later found out to be called ‘Hotshot’, on the boundary of the properties.

“I saw someone spraying with a fire fighting hose. It was the craziest thing I’ve ever seen in my whole entire life,” Mrs Ravenscroft, 60, said.

The chemical was being sprayed a “considerable distance” and, out of concern for herself and local fauna, she asked the workers to stop, which they did.

However, Mrs Ravenscroft’s symptoms continued to worsen.

A severe burning pain began in her chest and her voice was extremely hoarse.

“Then I started getting the sensation of a very tight band getting tighter and tighter and tighter around my chest. That got pretty scary,” she recalls.

“I was breathing by having very shallow breaths because it was so painful to breathe in deeply.”

She called triple-zero and was taken by ambulance to hospital, where she spent the rest of the day.

Mrs Ravenscroft said she contacted multiple government departments and agencies to try and find out how she could prevent this from happening again, but came up empty handed.

Since the chemical sprayer was a contractor Mrs Ravenscroft was finally forward-ed to Workplace Health and Safety, which has since begun looking into the case.

“There is no law protecting the public against being harmed by poison in the air that’s being deliberately sprayed,” Mrs Ravenscroft said.

“Not only is there no clear law, there is no one body or department that actually undertakes responsibility for doing some-thing about it.

“There’s no point in having laws if no one is directed to uphold those laws.

“I was flabbergasted that had that not been a workplace health and safety issue no one would have touched it.”

In an ABC local radio interview, Fiona O’Sullivan from Workplace Health and Safety said air pollution from spray drift is particularly common at this time of year.

“We have quite a number of these cases on our files at the moment and we’re making inquiries and working with the duty holders to try and come to some resolution,” she said.

“The Workplace Health and Safety Act places a range of duties on workplace situations and only workplace situations – we have to be very clear about that – but anyone who’s applying chemicals as part of their business has a duty under that legislation to do so without causing harm to others, and without causing harm to themselves as well.”

Ms O’Sullivan said in a non-workplace situation the local council should be the first port of call for complaints from members of the public.

Radio National: The Law Report 9/2/16

A neighbour’s pesticide blew onto a Queensland woman’s property, and she ended up in hospital for a short time.

What are the regulations and who do you call when chemical spray drift affects you?

https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/lawreport/spray-drift-pesticide-puts-neighbour-in-hospital/7151130

Resident demands safety from chemicals

 February 4, 2016 (The Westerner) https://www.thewesterner.com.au/?p=7959

A Closeburn resident wants to see laws enacted to ensure people have their rights protected when it comes to the air they breathe.

Denise Ravenscroft was hospitalised last month after inadvertently inhaling weedkiller that was being sprayed on her neighbour’s property.

Mrs Ravenscroft, who has lived on her property for about 30 years, began smelling a “serious, strong chemical smell”.

She discovered contractors spraying a herbicide weedkiller, which she later found out to be called ‘Hotshot’, on the boundary of the properties.

“I saw someone spraying with a fire fighting hose. It was the craziest thing I’ve ever seen in my whole entire life,” Mrs Ravenscroft, 60, said.

The chemical was being sprayed a “considerable distance” and, out of concern for herself and local fauna, she asked the workers to stop, which they did.

However, Mrs Ravenscroft’s symptoms continued to worsen.

A severe burning pain began in her chest and her voice was extremely hoarse.

“Then I started getting the sensation of a very tight band getting tighter and tighter and tighter around my chest. That got pretty scary,” she recalls.

“I was breathing by having very shallow breaths because it was so painful to breathe in deeply.”

She called triple-zero and was taken by ambulance to hospital, where she spent the rest of the day.

Mrs Ravenscroft said she contacted multiple government departments and agencies to try and find out how she could prevent this from happening again, but came up empty handed.

Since the chemical sprayer was a contractor Mrs Ravenscroft was finally forward-ed to Workplace Health and Safety, which has since begun looking into the case.

“There is no law protecting the public against being harmed by poison in the air that’s being deliberately sprayed,” Mrs Ravenscroft said.

“Not only is there no clear law, there is no one body or department that actually undertakes responsibility for doing some-thing about it.

“There’s no point in having laws if no one is directed to uphold those laws.

“I was flabbergasted that had that not been a workplace health and safety issue no one would have touched it.”

In an ABC local radio interview, Fiona O’Sullivan from Workplace Health and Safety said air pollution from spray drift is particularly common at this time of year.

“We have quite a number of these cases on our files at the moment and we’re making inquiries and working with the duty holders to try and come to some resolution,” she said.

“The Workplace Health and Safety Act places a range of duties on workplace situations and only workplace situations – we have to be very clear about that – but anyone who’s applying chemicals as part of their business has a duty under that legislation to do so without causing harm to others, and without causing harm to themselves as well.”

Ms O’Sullivan said in a non-workplace situation the local council should be the first port of call for complaints from members of the public.

2010 December: Urgent Action Needed on Dioxins, says Toxicologists. Pesticides: Quintozene, MCPA, Chlorothalonil, Triclopyr, Picloram,

Urgent action needed on dioxins, says toxicologist

6 December 2010

The environmental scientist whose work on dioxins last year prompted governments around the world to suspend the use of some pesticides says there is more to the problem and authorities need to act urgently.

Although dioxins have been banned from the ingredients of pesticides in Australia for more than a decade, many dioxins emerged in the manufacturing process and there was no end-stage monitoring to protect consumers and the public, said University of Queensland scientist Dr Caroline Gaus.

Numerous environmental and health issues were associated with undeclared dioxin impurities, said Dr Gaus, an environmental toxicologist with the National Research Institute for Environmental Toxicology (ENTOX).

Little information was available about the impurities because they were created during the production process so were not original ingredients.

“We estimate that the amount of these impurities is relatively high compared to other current dioxin sources, but this cannot be adequately quantified due to the commercial protection of data on pesticides use in Australia and internationally,” Dr Gaus said.

She said pesticides with impurities used in high volumes represented a previously neglected but significant and concerning source of dioxins in the environment. They also posed a risk to the health of people handling pesticides, and to consumers.

“Some of these pesticides contained high concentrations of dioxins, comparable to those known from pesticides which are banned or restricted for use in most countries since the 1980s and 90s,” she said.

Dioxins are linked to a range of cancers and are considered one of the most toxic man-made chemicals. They can cause adverse health effects in humans and wildlife including cancer, and act on development, reproduction and the endocrine system.

Research by Dr Gaus and PhD student Eva Holt last year showed that a wide range of currently used and globally marketed pesticides contained dioxin impurities, despite the widespread belief that modern pesticides were no longer a significant dioxin source.

As a result of their work, a new wave of suspensions, recalls, restrictions and government reviews on pesticide formulations is under way worldwide, including in the United States, Canada, New Zealand and Australia.

The study analysed 23 different pesticide formulations, containing 15 different active ingredients currently used in Australia (plus four formulations that are no longer registered for use in Australia), including insecticides, herbicides and fungicides. Dioxins were detected in all samples, including some commonly used products. Researchers estimate approximately 200 pesticides have the potential to contain dioxins.

The pesticides are used on crops including cotton, potatoes, lettuce, tomatoes, beans and peanuts, as well as in parks and recreation areas, at turf farms and plant nurseries.

“In view of the global manufacturing, distribution and use of pesticides, international regulation and monitoring strategies should be developed and implemented to identify, evaluate, and target pesticide dioxin sources at the manufacturing stage,” Dr Gaus said.

Some Recent Restrictions

The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) suspended all formulations containing quintozene (pentachloronitrobenzene) from use in April this year due to risk to workers applying the pesticide, which was commonly used on golf courses. The fungicide is under review in New Zealand where it is used on bulbs and turf. The manufacturer recently initiated a voluntary recall of product containing quintozene. The APVMA has recently suspended the pesticide PCNB from sale and a stop sale order has been issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency.

About Dioxins

• Dioxins are toxic compounds which have adverse health effects in humans and wildlife. They can elicit adverse health effects at low levels (cancer, immunotoxicity, reproduction, endocrine function, development).

• These toxicants are managed under the international Stockholm Convention treaty which aims to protect human health and the environment by reducing and eliminating dioxin release to the environment. More than 150 countries, including Australia, have ratified the Stockholm Convention treaty since 2004.

• Most chlorinated pesticides have the potential to contain dioxins if manufactured under certain conditions and processes (e.g. > 150 ºC, alkaline conditions, process including chlorine) – the US EPA lists 161 chemicals (but it is not complete – PCNB for example is not listed). Thus, pesticides were considered historical sources of dioxins and contemporary monitoring data in most current-use pesticides are lacking.

• Dioxin impurities can vary between manufacturing facility, batch, year and country due to variations in production processes and conditions.

About the Research

• 23 different formulations containing 15 different active ingredients currently used in Australia (plus 4 formulations that are no longer registered for use in Australia), including insecticides, herbicides and fungicides, were analysed. Dioxins were detected in all samples. These include commonly used pesticides, such as PCNB, MCPA, 2,4-D, chlorothalonil and triclopyr/picloram. Others are Fluroxypyr, Mecoprop, Flumetsulam, Imazamox, Prochloraz, Fenamisphos, Chlorpyrifos, Lindane; 2,4-D; 2,4-DB; Chlorthal amd Quintozene.

• Some of these pesticide formulations contained high concentrations of dioxins, comparable to those known from pesticides which are banned or restricted for use in most countries since the 1980/90s.

•Highest dioxin (1,100-2,000 mg/tonne AI) and TEQ (2,400-5,700 µg/tonne AI) concentrations were found in the fungicide quintozene (also known as pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB)).

• Dioxin concentrations in PCNB are comparable to those known from the banned pesticides 2,4,5-T (trichlorophenoxyacetic acid; the key ingredient of Agent Orange). Note: TEQ concentrations in PCNB are at the lower end for those known for 2,4,5-T (approaching the 7,000 µg/tonne used under the Stockholm Convention to estimate historical dioxin releases via past use of 2,4,5-T).

• There are about 6000 pesticide products on the market in Australia (containing ~2000 different active ingredients) – the UQ/ENTOX scientists analysed only a small proportion (0.4 per cent) of these.

• Dioxin concentrations in other pesticides analysed ranged from 61-190 ug TEQ/tonne AI. Impurity concentrations may vary considerably depending on the conditions employed during pesticide production and should therefore be monitored regularly.

• As many pesticides are used in high volumes, they can represent previously neglected but important sources of dioxins to the environment and pose a risk to the health of people handling pesticides.

• Based on these findings, the APVMA have recently suspended the pesticide PCNB, due to dioxin contamination and the associated risks to pesticide applicators. Similarly, the US EPA have issued a stop sale order for PCNB.

• The estimated release of dioxins from the use of PCNB is 27 g TEQ/year (10-90th percentile range: 14-110 g TEQ/year). The dioxin release from this pesticide alone ranks among the top 5 dioxin sources to land in Australia (range 28-110 g TEQ/year).

• The greatest source of uncertainty with these estimates is the lack of information on pesticide use volumes in Australia, which is commercial in confidence and thus not publicly available. This is why the dioxin release associated with many of the pesticides analysed by the UQ/ENTOX scientists could not be estimated to date (has to be modelled)

• The cumulative dioxin release associated with high volume-use of different pesticides may be an important source of dioxins, even if pesticides contain lower dioxin levels than PCNB, e.g. if all pesticide products were contaminated at levels ranging from 100-10,000 µg TEQ/tonne AI and used at a total of 200,000 tonnes per year, then the annual dioxin release would be between 20 and 2000 g TEQ/year.

Note: data on the amount of pesticides used in Australia is not publicly available (commercial in confidence), total pesticide use may be considerably higher than 200,000 tonnes (approximately 2.25 million tonnes of pesticides a year are used in the USA, including 1.18 million tonnes per year of chlorine and hypochlorite pesticides).

The study was funded by an Australian Research Council Discovery Grant and undertaken by the National Research Institute for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland (Eva Holt, Caroline Gaus) in collaboration with the National Measurement Institute in Sydney (Gavin Stevenson) and collaborators from Germany (Roland Weber).

The United Nations Environmental Protection Agency has used the data from the study to develop a burden of toxicology measure for use worldwide. It helps identify and prioritise dioxin sources.

Media inquiries: Marlene McKendry – 0401 99 6847

https://www.uq.edu.au/news/article/2010/12/urgent-action-needed-dioxins-says-toxicologist

2013 December: Landmark Legal Case Will Probe Link Between Parkinson’s Disease and Insecticide Sprays Used on Land-Haul Flights

Landmark legal case will probe the link between Parkinson’s disease and insecticide sprays used on long-haul flights

• EXCLUSIVE MATTHEW BENNS
• The Daily Telegraph
• December 09, 2013 12:00AM

Brett Vollus near his home in Collaroy.

• Former airline steward says disease has left him in agony
• He appeared in Qantas ad while serving for 27 years
• Expert: There is evidence exposure to chemicals increases risk
• Spraying pesticides like ‘lobbing a hand grenade of toxic soup’
• Tell us your story

LONG-haul flight attendants who have been forced to spray insecticide through aircraft cabins every time they landed in Australia fear the chemicals may have given them Parkinson’s disease.

And experts have warned any frequent international flyer exposed to repeated doses of insecticide within an enclosed aircraft cabin could also face the same risk.

Former Qantas steward Brett Vollus has been diagnosed with the disease, which can leave victims immobile, speechless or with tremors, and is preparing to launch a legal action against the Commonwealth government, which enforces the need for spraying to prevent disease.

“We all blindly sprayed this insecticide as we landed in Australia after every long-haul flight. Why wasn’t I warned that it could give me this disease?” he said.

Qantas steward Brett Vollus, who has Parkinson’s Disease, pictured fourth from right, in a Qantas magazine advertisement.

Mr Vollus, 52, worked as flight attendant with Qantas for 27 years up until May this year and was referred to a neurosurgeon as the symptoms of Parkinson’s began to kick in.

Checks also uncovered a malignant brain tumour.

“He asked me what I did for living and when I told him he just nodded and said: ‘Another one, I am seeing a lot of you’,” he said.

That set alarm bells ringing and Mr Vollus began checking to see if there were any links between the flight attendants’ regular exposure to pesticides at work and the disease.

The social stigma attached to Parkinson’s disease means many sufferers do not come forward but Mr Vollus believes there could be hundreds of other crew members who could join his legal action.

“This is a nightmare that has ruined my life. I am very keen to start a legal action and if it can help others I am happy to lead the way,” he said.

Turner Freeman lawyer Tanya Segelov, who successfully represented stewardess Joanne Turner over toxic fumes exposures in aircraft, said: “I am investigating a claim on Mr Vollus’s behalf.”

Ms Segelov helped hostess Joanne Turner win almost $140,000 in costs and damages after she inhaled fumes from a faulty compressor on a BAe146 flight from Sydney to Brisbane.

“If it can be shown that at the time it was sprayed the Commonwealth knew or should have known that airline employees having repeated exposures to the spray over a long period of time were at risk of injury, then the Commonwealth will be liable to pay damages,” she said.

Former Qantas steward Brett Vollus.

Crucial to the case would be proving the link between pesticides and Parkinson’s disease.

Parkinson’s expert Professor Kay Double, from the University of Sydney’s Medical School, said: “Certainly there is epidemiological evidence that the exposure to the chemicals in pesticides is associated with an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease. It is actually the number of times you are exposed and the amount you are exposed which increases the risk.”

Prof Double said most research had been done with farmers who had been found to have an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease if they used chemical pesticides often. Regular and total exposure in a confined space, such as an aircraft, could greatly increase that risk of developing Parkinson’s disease in later life.

“The fact that flight attendants were exposed in a very contained area, have a total exposure and are then left breathing the residual chemicals may have a role to play in their eventual diagnosis,” she said.

“We do know there are a number of these herbicides and pesticides that do damage to particular cells which leads to Parkinson’s disease.”

Personnel from the RAAF have also been exposed to the chemicals as part of quarantine procedures.

Randolph Heynsdyk, 55, from North Richmond spent 21 years as an engineer frame fitter in the RAAF. He was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease in 2004 and suspects regular exposure to pesticides could be to blame. “I would often be in the cargo bay or the passenger area as the spraying was done,” he said.

It has changed the father of two’s life. “You just freeze and cannot move. You get tired and the medications have terrible side effects.” He recently had surgery to a pacemaker to provide 24-hour stimulation to the brain.

PESTICIDE A ‘TOXIC SOUP’ IN A SPRAY CAN Matthew Benns

SPRAYING pesticides inside aircraft is like lobbing “a hand grenade of toxic soup” at passengers and crew, a respiratory expert warned yesterday.

“I have sat on aircraft when they have sprayed and thought this is not a good idea,” Dr Jonathan Burdon said.

A stewardess spraying an aircraft cabin in the 1950s.

He said passengers and crew had no choice but to breathe it in.“The pesticides are basically sprayed in a sealed container where the same air is being recycled,” he said. ”Once you breathe it in, it’s in.”

Dr Burdon has specialised in dealing with flight crew who have been exposed to toxic fumes from leaking engine oil being superheated and pumped into jet air supplies.

He believes repeated exposure to pesticides can cause Parkinson’s disease.

“There is no question that pesticides do cause neurological damage but it is not one size fits all,” he said.

“Some people who are exposed regularly can be affected but other people for some reason are not.”

Research has found that chemicals contained in pesticides, including permethrin, attack the brain cells that make dopamine.

The classic symptoms of Parkinson’s disease such as body tremors, muscle rigidity and problems with movement have been linked to the loss of production of dopamine.

One expert likened the loss of dopamine to trying to run a car without oil in the engine.

Parkinson’s slowly progresses over time and a diagnosis today may mean the individual has had the disease for the past 10 years.

A recent Italian study of all the available evidence concluded that exposure to pesticides is “a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease” and called for more research to explain the cause and effect.

STEWARD IAN WHITE HAD AN INKLING OF THE RISKS Matthew Benns

QANTAS steward Ian White always thought there was something wrong with the spraying of passengers, crew and jets with insecticides on arrival in Australia.

Former Qantas air steward Ian White during his working days.

“Ian always said he wondered if those sprays would have some sort of effect on him,” said his wife Alfreda, of the spraying Qantas was legally obliged to carry out.“Now he is in a home with Parkinson’s disease.”

Ian, 75, retired following 36 years of flying only to be struck down by the disease and dementia.

He no longer recognises his wife and children.

“It is terrible what has happened to him,” said Mrs White, who started her career as a stewardess with Pan Am.

“At least if this link is brought into the public eye the authorities will be forced to look at it and hopefully not do it anymore.

“It is common sense. If you have an enclosed space like an aeroplane and you empty two cans of aerosol into it while people are sitting there and then keep the doors closed, something bad is bound to happen.”

INSECTICIDES POSE NO RISK TO PASSENGERS AND STOP SERIOUS DISEASE, OFFICIALS SAY Matthew Benns

THERE is no evidence the spraying of insecticide inside aircraft to safeguard against the spread of dangerous disease causes any health problems, the federal government said.

A Department of Health spokeswoman said all spraying followed World Health Organisation guidelines.

“The WHO has found no evidence that disinsection sprays, when used according to their guidelines and manufacturers’ instructions, are harmful to human health,” she said.

The spraying was an important step in preventing the spread of disease, she said.

“Australia is free from several very serious diseases, including yellow fever and malaria, which are all transmitted by insects,” she said.

“If any of these diseases became established in Australia they could have a devastating effect on our community, as these diseases cause significant numbers of deaths and illness in many other countries.”

Only nine countries including India and Cuba still require planes to be sprayed with insecticide while the passengers are on board.

Seven others, including Australia and New Zealand, insist aircraft be sprayed with insecticide but allow for it to be done before passengers get on board.

Protocols on the Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry website explain that, with approval, aircraft can be treated with a residual spray in the hangar. Ground crew are told to wear a mask and protective clothing.

Otherwise cabin crew have to spray the aircraft twice – before the passengers get on and while the passengers are sitting in their seats as the plane begins its descent into Australia.

The protocols specify that, for example, a Boeing 747 needs to be sprayed with four 100g cans of insecticide containing a 2 per cent active ingredient of the chemical permathrin – the chemical linked by studies to Parkinson’s disease.

A spokeswoman for Qantas said: “We comply with the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry’s requirements, as do all airlines that fly into Australia.”

https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/landmark-legal-case-will-probe-the-link-between-parkinsons-disease-and-insecticide-sprays-used-on-longhaul-flights/story-fni0cx12-1226778285686

2016 Feb: Warren NSW Spray Drift. Pesticide: 2,4-D

Text message alert system may minimise costly spray drift damage to cotton crops

Feb 3 2016

A text message warning farmers that weather conditions are not suitable for chemical spraying is just one idea being flagged to minimise costly spray drift.

While crops are thriving on recent rain in many cotton and cereal growing regions, so are weeds and to control the weeds, growers and contractors enlist the use of herbicides, often Phenoxy herbicide such as 2,4-D.

The off-target spraying of Phenoxy herbicide is estimated to be costing cotton growers millions of dollars, with Cotton Australia's chief executive Adam Kay suggesting 20 percent of this season's crop has been damaged by chemicals suspected to be coming from cereal growers nearby.

"This drift is coming from kilometres away, this is not a case where it's a neighbour spraying and you can see the drift coming on to your crop, this is drift due to temperature inversions and it's difficult to say where this is coming from," Mr Kay said.

Education, awareness and research needed

Cotton Australia is working with the New South Wales Environment Protection Authority [EPA] and Grains Research and Development Corporation to come up with ways to educate growers and spray contractors in a bid to minimise the occurrence of spray drift.

Cotton Australia regional manager for Darling Downs, Mary O'Brien, said night spraying during unsuitable weather conditions had emerged as the major cause of extensive crop damage.

"Night-time temperature inversions are very prevalent in Australia and [we need] some education of applicators to be able to identify when those inversion conditions are present," Ms O'Brien said.

"In the afternoon and late evening when the ground cools, sometimes we get that air closer to the ground cooling quite rapidly while there's warmer air above it.

"That cool air is trapped in a layer and, the issue with that is, the movement of that air.

"It tends to flow parallel to the ground so any fine droplets that are released into that inversion layer moves sideways."

Those droplets of herbicide can drift up to 70 kilometres per hour, depending on wind speed and how long the inversion conditions remain.

Ms O'Brien said research was being done on helping farmers and contractors detect inversion conditions, as well as communicating the conditions to them via an alert system.

"Cotton Australia has already had conversation with the Bureau of Meteorology in regards to what we can do it the future and how we can assist people better in determining the presence of these inversions," she said.

"There's no silver bullet to fix this problem. It's a multi-pronged approach; education, awareness, more research."

Recent cases investigated

The New South Wales Environment Protection Authority has received three recent complaints about spray drift from growers in northern NSW.

However, director of the organisation's north branch Gary Davey says there wasn't enough information to prosecute the cases reported from farmers at Mungindi, Garah, and Warren, of alleged spray drift damage to between 300 and 600 hectares of cotton.

"We investigated one and were able to identify the pesticide that was the cause of the problem, but we weren't able to identify the actual source," Mr Davey said.

"That's the problem we have with Phenoxy; having no information that we're able to follow up such as where is might have come from, when it was sprayed, and that's the difficulty we have with so many of the chemical impacts."

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-03/cotton-spray-drift-research-text/7136232

Text message alert system may minimise costly spray drift damage to cotton crops

Feb 3 2016

A text message warning farmers that weather conditions are not suitable for chemical spraying is just one idea being flagged to minimise costly spray drift.

While crops are thriving on recent rain in many cotton and cereal growing regions, so are weeds and to control the weeds, growers and contractors enlist the use of herbicides, often Phenoxy herbicide such as 2,4-D.

The off-target spraying of Phenoxy herbicide is estimated to be costing cotton growers millions of dollars, with Cotton Australia’s chief executive Adam Kay suggesting 20 percent of this season’s crop has been damaged by chemicals suspected to be coming from cereal growers nearby.

“This drift is coming from kilometres away, this is not a case where it’s a neighbour spraying and you can see the drift coming on to your crop, this is drift due to temperature inversions and it’s difficult to say where this is coming from,” Mr Kay said.

Education, awareness and research needed

Cotton Australia is working with the New South Wales Environment Protection Authority [EPA] and Grains Research and Development Corporation to come up with ways to educate growers and spray contractors in a bid to minimise the occurrence of spray drift.

Cotton Australia regional manager for Darling Downs, Mary O’Brien, said night spraying during unsuitable weather conditions had emerged as the major cause of extensive crop damage.

“Night-time temperature inversions are very prevalent in Australia and [we need] some education of applicators to be able to identify when those inversion conditions are present,” Ms O’Brien said.

“In the afternoon and late evening when the ground cools, sometimes we get that air closer to the ground cooling quite rapidly while there’s warmer air above it.

“That cool air is trapped in a layer and, the issue with that is, the movement of that air.

“It tends to flow parallel to the ground so any fine droplets that are released into that inversion layer moves sideways.”

Those droplets of herbicide can drift up to 70 kilometres per hour, depending on wind speed and how long the inversion conditions remain.

Ms O’Brien said research was being done on helping farmers and contractors detect inversion conditions, as well as communicating the conditions to them via an alert system.

“Cotton Australia has already had conversation with the Bureau of Meteorology in regards to what we can do it the future and how we can assist people better in determining the presence of these inversions,” she said.

“There’s no silver bullet to fix this problem. It’s a multi-pronged approach; education, awareness, more research.”

Recent cases investigated

The New South Wales Environment Protection Authority has received three recent complaints about spray drift from growers in northern NSW.

However, director of the organisation’s north branch Gary Davey says there wasn’t enough information to prosecute the cases reported from farmers at Mungindi, Garah, and Warren, of alleged spray drift damage to between 300 and 600 hectares of cotton.

“We investigated one and were able to identify the pesticide that was the cause of the problem, but we weren’t able to identify the actual source,” Mr Davey said.

“That’s the problem we have with Phenoxy; having no information that we’re able to follow up such as where is might have come from, when it was sprayed, and that’s the difficulty we have with so many of the chemical impacts.”

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-03/cotton-spray-drift-research-text/7136232

2016 Feb: Garah (NSW) Spray Drift Cotton. Pesticide: 2,4-D

Text message alert system may minimise costly spray drift damage to cotton crops

Feb 3 2016

A text message warning farmers that weather conditions are not suitable for chemical spraying is just one idea being flagged to minimise costly spray drift.

While crops are thriving on recent rain in many cotton and cereal growing regions, so are weeds and to control the weeds, growers and contractors enlist the use of herbicides, often Phenoxy herbicide such as 2,4-D.

The off-target spraying of Phenoxy herbicide is estimated to be costing cotton growers millions of dollars, with Cotton Australia's chief executive Adam Kay suggesting 20 percent of this season's crop has been damaged by chemicals suspected to be coming from cereal growers nearby.

"This drift is coming from kilometres away, this is not a case where it's a neighbour spraying and you can see the drift coming on to your crop, this is drift due to temperature inversions and it's difficult to say where this is coming from," Mr Kay said.

Education, awareness and research needed

Cotton Australia is working with the New South Wales Environment Protection Authority [EPA] and Grains Research and Development Corporation to come up with ways to educate growers and spray contractors in a bid to minimise the occurrence of spray drift.

Cotton Australia regional manager for Darling Downs, Mary O'Brien, said night spraying during unsuitable weather conditions had emerged as the major cause of extensive crop damage.

"Night-time temperature inversions are very prevalent in Australia and [we need] some education of applicators to be able to identify when those inversion conditions are present," Ms O'Brien said.

"In the afternoon and late evening when the ground cools, sometimes we get that air closer to the ground cooling quite rapidly while there's warmer air above it.

"That cool air is trapped in a layer and, the issue with that is, the movement of that air.

"It tends to flow parallel to the ground so any fine droplets that are released into that inversion layer moves sideways."

Those droplets of herbicide can drift up to 70 kilometres per hour, depending on wind speed and how long the inversion conditions remain.

Ms O'Brien said research was being done on helping farmers and contractors detect inversion conditions, as well as communicating the conditions to them via an alert system.

"Cotton Australia has already had conversation with the Bureau of Meteorology in regards to what we can do it the future and how we can assist people better in determining the presence of these inversions," she said.

"There's no silver bullet to fix this problem. It's a multi-pronged approach; education, awareness, more research."

Recent cases investigated

The New South Wales Environment Protection Authority has received three recent complaints about spray drift from growers in northern NSW.

However, director of the organisation's north branch Gary Davey says there wasn't enough information to prosecute the cases reported from farmers at Mungindi, Garah, and Warren, of alleged spray drift damage to between 300 and 600 hectares of cotton.

"We investigated one and were able to identify the pesticide that was the cause of the problem, but we weren't able to identify the actual source," Mr Davey said.

"That's the problem we have with Phenoxy; having no information that we're able to follow up such as where is might have come from, when it was sprayed, and that's the difficulty we have with so many of the chemical impacts."

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-03/cotton-spray-drift-research-text/7136232

Text message alert system may minimise costly spray drift damage to cotton crops

Feb 3 2016

A text message warning farmers that weather conditions are not suitable for chemical spraying is just one idea being flagged to minimise costly spray drift.

While crops are thriving on recent rain in many cotton and cereal growing regions, so are weeds and to control the weeds, growers and contractors enlist the use of herbicides, often Phenoxy herbicide such as 2,4-D.

The off-target spraying of Phenoxy herbicide is estimated to be costing cotton growers millions of dollars, with Cotton Australia’s chief executive Adam Kay suggesting 20 percent of this season’s crop has been damaged by chemicals suspected to be coming from cereal growers nearby.

“This drift is coming from kilometres away, this is not a case where it’s a neighbour spraying and you can see the drift coming on to your crop, this is drift due to temperature inversions and it’s difficult to say where this is coming from,” Mr Kay said.

Education, awareness and research needed

Cotton Australia is working with the New South Wales Environment Protection Authority [EPA] and Grains Research and Development Corporation to come up with ways to educate growers and spray contractors in a bid to minimise the occurrence of spray drift.

Cotton Australia regional manager for Darling Downs, Mary O’Brien, said night spraying during unsuitable weather conditions had emerged as the major cause of extensive crop damage.

“Night-time temperature inversions are very prevalent in Australia and [we need] some education of applicators to be able to identify when those inversion conditions are present,” Ms O’Brien said.

“In the afternoon and late evening when the ground cools, sometimes we get that air closer to the ground cooling quite rapidly while there’s warmer air above it.

“That cool air is trapped in a layer and, the issue with that is, the movement of that air.

“It tends to flow parallel to the ground so any fine droplets that are released into that inversion layer moves sideways.”

Those droplets of herbicide can drift up to 70 kilometres per hour, depending on wind speed and how long the inversion conditions remain.

Ms O’Brien said research was being done on helping farmers and contractors detect inversion conditions, as well as communicating the conditions to them via an alert system.

“Cotton Australia has already had conversation with the Bureau of Meteorology in regards to what we can do it the future and how we can assist people better in determining the presence of these inversions,” she said.

“There’s no silver bullet to fix this problem. It’s a multi-pronged approach; education, awareness, more research.”

Recent cases investigated

The New South Wales Environment Protection Authority has received three recent complaints about spray drift from growers in northern NSW.

However, director of the organisation’s north branch Gary Davey says there wasn’t enough information to prosecute the cases reported from farmers at Mungindi, Garah, and Warren, of alleged spray drift damage to between 300 and 600 hectares of cotton.

“We investigated one and were able to identify the pesticide that was the cause of the problem, but we weren’t able to identify the actual source,” Mr Davey said.

“That’s the problem we have with Phenoxy; having no information that we’re able to follow up such as where is might have come from, when it was sprayed, and that’s the difficulty we have with so many of the chemical impacts.”

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-03/cotton-spray-drift-research-text/7136232

2016 Feb: Spray Drift reported Mungindi (NSW). Pesticide: 2,4-D

Text message alert system may minimise costly spray drift damage to cotton crops

Feb 3 2016

A text message warning farmers that weather conditions are not suitable for chemical spraying is just one idea being flagged to minimise costly spray drift.

 

While crops are thriving on recent rain in many cotton and cereal growing regions, so are weeds and to control the weeds, growers and contractors enlist the use of herbicides, often Phenoxy herbicide such as 2,4-D.

The off-target spraying of Phenoxy herbicide is estimated to be costing cotton growers millions of dollars, with Cotton Australia's chief executive Adam Kay suggesting 20 percent of this season's crop has been damaged by chemicals suspected to be coming from cereal growers nearby.

"This drift is coming from kilometres away, this is not a case where it's a neighbour spraying and you can see the drift coming on to your crop, this is drift due to temperature inversions and it's difficult to say where this is coming from," Mr Kay said.

Education, awareness and research needed

Cotton Australia is working with the New South Wales Environment Protection Authority [EPA] and Grains Research and Development Corporation to come up with ways to educate growers and spray contractors in a bid to minimise the occurrence of spray drift.

Cotton Australia regional manager for Darling Downs, Mary O'Brien, said night spraying during unsuitable weather conditions had emerged as the major cause of extensive crop damage.

"Night-time temperature inversions are very prevalent in Australia and [we need] some education of applicators to be able to identify when those inversion conditions are present," Ms O'Brien said.

"In the afternoon and late evening when the ground cools, sometimes we get that air closer to the ground cooling quite rapidly while there's warmer air above it.

"That cool air is trapped in a layer and, the issue with that is, the movement of that air.

"It tends to flow parallel to the ground so any fine droplets that are released into that inversion layer moves sideways."

Those droplets of herbicide can drift up to 70 kilometres per hour, depending on wind speed and how long the inversion conditions remain.

Ms O'Brien said research was being done on helping farmers and contractors detect inversion conditions, as well as communicating the conditions to them via an alert system.

"Cotton Australia has already had conversation with the Bureau of Meteorology in regards to what we can do it the future and how we can assist people better in determining the presence of these inversions," she said.

"There's no silver bullet to fix this problem. It's a multi-pronged approach; education, awareness, more research."

Recent cases investigated

The New South Wales Environment Protection Authority has received three recent complaints about spray drift from growers in northern NSW.

However, director of the organisation's north branch Gary Davey says there wasn't enough information to prosecute the cases reported from farmers at Mungindi, Garah, and Warren, of alleged spray drift damage to between 300 and 600 hectares of cotton.

"We investigated one and were able to identify the pesticide that was the cause of the problem, but we weren't able to identify the actual source," Mr Davey said.

"That's the problem we have with Phenoxy; having no information that we're able to follow up such as where is might have come from, when it was sprayed, and that's the difficulty we have with so many of the chemical impacts."

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-03/cotton-spray-drift-research-text/7136232

Text message alert system may minimise costly spray drift damage to cotton crops

Feb 3 2016

A text message warning farmers that weather conditions are not suitable for chemical spraying is just one idea being flagged to minimise costly spray drift.

 

While crops are thriving on recent rain in many cotton and cereal growing regions, so are weeds and to control the weeds, growers and contractors enlist the use of herbicides, often Phenoxy herbicide such as 2,4-D.

The off-target spraying of Phenoxy herbicide is estimated to be costing cotton growers millions of dollars, with Cotton Australia’s chief executive Adam Kay suggesting 20 percent of this season’s crop has been damaged by chemicals suspected to be coming from cereal growers nearby.

“This drift is coming from kilometres away, this is not a case where it’s a neighbour spraying and you can see the drift coming on to your crop, this is drift due to temperature inversions and it’s difficult to say where this is coming from,” Mr Kay said.

Education, awareness and research needed

Cotton Australia is working with the New South Wales Environment Protection Authority [EPA] and Grains Research and Development Corporation to come up with ways to educate growers and spray contractors in a bid to minimise the occurrence of spray drift.

Cotton Australia regional manager for Darling Downs, Mary O’Brien, said night spraying during unsuitable weather conditions had emerged as the major cause of extensive crop damage.

“Night-time temperature inversions are very prevalent in Australia and [we need] some education of applicators to be able to identify when those inversion conditions are present,” Ms O’Brien said.

“In the afternoon and late evening when the ground cools, sometimes we get that air closer to the ground cooling quite rapidly while there’s warmer air above it.

“That cool air is trapped in a layer and, the issue with that is, the movement of that air.

“It tends to flow parallel to the ground so any fine droplets that are released into that inversion layer moves sideways.”

Those droplets of herbicide can drift up to 70 kilometres per hour, depending on wind speed and how long the inversion conditions remain.

Ms O’Brien said research was being done on helping farmers and contractors detect inversion conditions, as well as communicating the conditions to them via an alert system.

“Cotton Australia has already had conversation with the Bureau of Meteorology in regards to what we can do it the future and how we can assist people better in determining the presence of these inversions,” she said.

“There’s no silver bullet to fix this problem. It’s a multi-pronged approach; education, awareness, more research.”

Recent cases investigated

The New South Wales Environment Protection Authority has received three recent complaints about spray drift from growers in northern NSW.

However, director of the organisation’s north branch Gary Davey says there wasn’t enough information to prosecute the cases reported from farmers at Mungindi, Garah, and Warren, of alleged spray drift damage to between 300 and 600 hectares of cotton.

“We investigated one and were able to identify the pesticide that was the cause of the problem, but we weren’t able to identify the actual source,” Mr Davey said.

“That’s the problem we have with Phenoxy; having no information that we’re able to follow up such as where is might have come from, when it was sprayed, and that’s the difficulty we have with so many of the chemical impacts.”

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-03/cotton-spray-drift-research-text/7136232

2008 February. St George area Qld Spray Drift. Pesticides: 2,4-D, Glyphosate

Spray drift kills cotton

Friday, 01/02/2008

Cotton growers in the St George area could face the complete loss of their crop due to spray drift.

St George Agronomist, John Barber says the damage is so bad, he's advised some of his clients to plough in their crops.

Mr Barber says the drift is coming from broadacre farmers preparing their paddocks for winter crops.

Mr Barber says the offending chemical is a combination of 24D and glyphosate, the spray can drift 100km and he's concerned farmers do not realise the damage they are causing.

https://www.abc.net.au/site-archive/rural/qld/content/2007/s2152483.htm

Spray drift kills cotton

Friday, 01/02/2008

Cotton growers in the St George area could face the complete loss of their crop due to spray drift.

St George Agronomist, John Barber says the damage is so bad, he’s advised some of his clients to plough in their crops.

Mr Barber says the drift is coming from broadacre farmers preparing their paddocks for winter crops.

Mr Barber says the offending chemical is a combination of 24D and glyphosate, the spray can drift 100km and he’s concerned farmers do not realise the damage they are causing.

https://www.abc.net.au/site-archive/rural/qld/content/2007/s2152483.htm

1997-2001: Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale (WA) Landfill. Pesticides: Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos

"... In 1997, the bio-accumulative carcinogen Dieldrin (used as an insecticide) was found in water running off site at 0.004 ug/L. Each year, higher levels have been found — 0.08 ug/L in 1998, 0.16 ug/L in 1999, 0.32 ug/L in 2000, and 0.4 ug/L in 2001. Dieldrin and Chlorpyrifos have been found in dangerous levels in surrounding streams and groundwater, including in the bore water that a neighbouring family was drinking.

Despite such evidence, the Waters and Rivers Commission gave approval to MRI to discharge into a local waterway, justifying the decision on the basis that no stock accessed the water. According to Nield: "Unfortunately, sheep cannot read WRC reports. We showed the WRC photos of white woolly things going 'Baa!' that were drinking the water, and they stressed out saying that [the sheep] shouldn't [do that]. Too late!" About 30 sheep died, but their carcasses mysteriously disappeared before tissue samples could be taken for testing..."

https://www.greenleft.org.au/node/26624

“… In 1997, the bio-accumulative carcinogen Dieldrin (used as an insecticide) was found in water running off site at 0.004 ug/L. Each year, higher levels have been found — 0.08 ug/L in 1998, 0.16 ug/L in 1999, 0.32 ug/L in 2000, and 0.4 ug/L in 2001. Dieldrin and Chlorpyrifos have been found in dangerous levels in surrounding streams and groundwater, including in the bore water that a neighbouring family was drinking.

Despite such evidence, the Waters and Rivers Commission gave approval to MRI to discharge into a local waterway, justifying the decision on the basis that no stock accessed the water. According to Nield: “Unfortunately, sheep cannot read WRC reports. We showed the WRC photos of white woolly things going ‘Baa!’ that were drinking the water, and they stressed out saying that [the sheep] shouldn’t [do that]. Too late!” About 30 sheep died, but their carcasses mysteriously disappeared before tissue samples could be taken for testing…”

https://www.greenleft.org.au/node/26624

 

2002 February: Pesticide Spill Prospect Creek. Pesticide: Methomyl

Transporter fined for pesticide spill - Central Western Daily
July 3, 2003

THE operator of an Orange-based transport company has been fined $35,000 for causing a pesticide spill that killed more than three tonnes of fish in a Sydney creek.

Richard John Hopley, who operates Hopley's Transport, pleaded guilty in the Land and Environment Court to one count of employing a person to transport dangerous goods without having a relevant licence and one of water pollution. The charges were brought by the Environment Protection Authority.

The pesticide spill occurred on February 8 last year at the depot Hopley used to temporarily store loads in Wetherill Park, in Sydney's south-west.

A driver employed by Hopley was unloading a 1000 litre container of pesticide when it fell off the forklift and split open. The pesticide was Farmoz Electra 225, a chemical used by cotton farmers to kill insects. In water its impact is toxic, killing fish within hours.

The contents drained onto the road and flowed into the stormwater system and Prospect Creek. The steep slope of the road and heavy rain meant the spill couldn't be contained.

EPA director-general Lisa Corbyn said the spill had a devastating impact on the waterway.

"The pesticide killed most, if not all the fish it came into contact with, including bream, mullet, eels, carp and a variety of native gudgeons. More than 3.4 tonnes of dead fish were recovered from the creek," she said.

Ms Corbyn said investigations revealed the employee involved did not hold a licence to transport dangerous goods. It had lapsed and he was in the process of applying for a new one.

The court found the driver had informed Hopley that he did not hold the appropriate licence and accordingly that Hopley had paid "scant regard" to his obligations.

NSW Land and Environment Court Justice Denis Cowdroy fined Hopley $15,000 for employing a driver without a relevant licence and $20,000 for polluting the creek.
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He said the fines would have been higher if Hopley had not shown contrition.

"The only redeeming feature is that the defendant has pleaded guilty."

Outside the court, Hopley said he regretted the incident and was sorry.

Hopley was also ordered to pay the EPA's court costs, estimated at $15,000.

https://www.centralwesterndaily.com.au/story/756619/transporter-fined-for-pesticide-spill/

Transporter fined for pesticide spill – Central Western Daily
July 3, 2003

THE operator of an Orange-based transport company has been fined $35,000 for causing a pesticide spill that killed more than three tonnes of fish in a Sydney creek.

Richard John Hopley, who operates Hopley’s Transport, pleaded guilty in the Land and Environment Court to one count of employing a person to transport dangerous goods without having a relevant licence and one of water pollution. The charges were brought by the Environment Protection Authority.

The pesticide spill occurred on February 8 last year at the depot Hopley used to temporarily store loads in Wetherill Park, in Sydney’s south-west.

A driver employed by Hopley was unloading a 1000 litre container of pesticide when it fell off the forklift and split open. The pesticide was Farmoz Electra 225, a chemical used by cotton farmers to kill insects. In water its impact is toxic, killing fish within hours.

The contents drained onto the road and flowed into the stormwater system and Prospect Creek. The steep slope of the road and heavy rain meant the spill couldn’t be contained.

EPA director-general Lisa Corbyn said the spill had a devastating impact on the waterway.

“The pesticide killed most, if not all the fish it came into contact with, including bream, mullet, eels, carp and a variety of native gudgeons. More than 3.4 tonnes of dead fish were recovered from the creek,” she said.

Ms Corbyn said investigations revealed the employee involved did not hold a licence to transport dangerous goods. It had lapsed and he was in the process of applying for a new one.

The court found the driver had informed Hopley that he did not hold the appropriate licence and accordingly that Hopley had paid “scant regard” to his obligations.

NSW Land and Environment Court Justice Denis Cowdroy fined Hopley $15,000 for employing a driver without a relevant licence and $20,000 for polluting the creek.
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He said the fines would have been higher if Hopley had not shown contrition.

“The only redeeming feature is that the defendant has pleaded guilty.”

Outside the court, Hopley said he regretted the incident and was sorry.

Hopley was also ordered to pay the EPA’s court costs, estimated at $15,000.

https://www.centralwesterndaily.com.au/story/756619/transporter-fined-for-pesticide-spill/

2016 January: Lower Namoi Region. 20,000ha affected by spraydrift. Pesticide: 2,4-D

Cotton spray drift causes damage into the millions

Namoi Valley Independent
Jan. 19, 2016,

Off-target spray drift incidents, suspected to be from fallowed sprays, have hit the district’s cotton crops, causing significant damage this season.

In the Upper Namoi, which takes in the Gunnedah region, 3000 hectares has been affected in the past month alone, while the Lower Namoi has recorded damage of 20,000 hectares.

Incidents have been reported in all cotton-growing regions in NSW and Queensland, with at least 60,000 hectares of cotton damaged already this season. That represents more than 20 per cent of the entire crop with the financial impact expected to be more than $20 million.

In the vast majority of cases, Cotton Australia said the damage was caused by Phenoxy (2,4-D-type) spray that travelled during temperature inversions – in some instances moving tens of kilometres from the intended target fields.

“Unfortunately, environmental conditions over December-January have combined to produce a ‘perfect storm’ for off-target spray drift damage,” Cotton Australia CEO Adam Kay said.

“Heavier than usual seasonal rainfall has encouraged weed growth which, in turn, led to more spraying by farmers and applicators and this has combined with temperature inversions to produce substantial off-target spray drift.

“I’ve been in the cotton industry for 30 years and this is the worst year in memory for spray drift damage to cotton crops, so we are taking this issue extremely seriously.”

In some regions, the damage to individual crops has been severe.

The national chemical regulator, the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority is aware of the severity of the issue and is currently reviewing the 2,4-D pesticide and assessing environmental risks.
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State agencies, in NSW and Queensland, including the NSW Environmental Protection Agency are also putting offices in the field to investigate.

Cotton Australia is urging cotton growers to report any damage suspected to have been caused by off-target spray drift and is working with other industry groups, including grain and pulse growers, and state and federal regulators to warn all farmers of the risks.

https://www.nvi.com.au/story/3673344/cotton-spray-drift-causes-damage-into-the-millions/

Cotton spray drift causes damage into the millions

Namoi Valley Independent
Jan. 19, 2016,

Off-target spray drift incidents, suspected to be from fallowed sprays, have hit the district’s cotton crops, causing significant damage this season.

In the Upper Namoi, which takes in the Gunnedah region, 3000 hectares has been affected in the past month alone, while the Lower Namoi has recorded damage of 20,000 hectares.

Incidents have been reported in all cotton-growing regions in NSW and Queensland, with at least 60,000 hectares of cotton damaged already this season. That represents more than 20 per cent of the entire crop with the financial impact expected to be more than $20 million.

In the vast majority of cases, Cotton Australia said the damage was caused by Phenoxy (2,4-D-type) spray that travelled during temperature inversions – in some instances moving tens of kilometres from the intended target fields.

“Unfortunately, environmental conditions over December-January have combined to produce a ‘perfect storm’ for off-target spray drift damage,” Cotton Australia CEO Adam Kay said.

“Heavier than usual seasonal rainfall has encouraged weed growth which, in turn, led to more spraying by farmers and applicators and this has combined with temperature inversions to produce substantial off-target spray drift.

“I’ve been in the cotton industry for 30 years and this is the worst year in memory for spray drift damage to cotton crops, so we are taking this issue extremely seriously.”

In some regions, the damage to individual crops has been severe.

The national chemical regulator, the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority is aware of the severity of the issue and is currently reviewing the 2,4-D pesticide and assessing environmental risks.
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State agencies, in NSW and Queensland, including the NSW Environmental Protection Agency are also putting offices in the field to investigate.

Cotton Australia is urging cotton growers to report any damage suspected to have been caused by off-target spray drift and is working with other industry groups, including grain and pulse growers, and state and federal regulators to warn all farmers of the risks.

https://www.nvi.com.au/story/3673344/cotton-spray-drift-causes-damage-into-the-millions/

2016 January: Gunnedah Region 3000ha affected by spraydrift. Pesticide: 2,4-D

Cotton spray drift causes damage into the millions

Namoi Valley Independent
Jan. 19, 2016,

Off-target spray drift incidents, suspected to be from fallowed sprays, have hit the district’s cotton crops, causing significant damage this season.

In the Upper Namoi, which takes in the Gunnedah region, 3000 hectares has been affected in the past month alone, while the Lower Namoi has recorded damage of 20,000 hectares.

Incidents have been reported in all cotton-growing regions in NSW and Queensland, with at least 60,000 hectares of cotton damaged already this season. That represents more than 20 per cent of the entire crop with the financial impact expected to be more than $20 million.

In the vast majority of cases, Cotton Australia said the damage was caused by Phenoxy (2,4-D-type) spray that travelled during temperature inversions – in some instances moving tens of kilometres from the intended target fields.

“Unfortunately, environmental conditions over December-January have combined to produce a ‘perfect storm’ for off-target spray drift damage,” Cotton Australia CEO Adam Kay said.

“Heavier than usual seasonal rainfall has encouraged weed growth which, in turn, led to more spraying by farmers and applicators and this has combined with temperature inversions to produce substantial off-target spray drift.

“I’ve been in the cotton industry for 30 years and this is the worst year in memory for spray drift damage to cotton crops, so we are taking this issue extremely seriously.”

In some regions, the damage to individual crops has been severe.

The national chemical regulator, the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority is aware of the severity of the issue and is currently reviewing the 2,4-D pesticide and assessing environmental risks.
See your ad here

State agencies, in NSW and Queensland, including the NSW Environmental Protection Agency are also putting offices in the field to investigate.

Cotton Australia is urging cotton growers to report any damage suspected to have been caused by off-target spray drift and is working with other industry groups, including grain and pulse growers, and state and federal regulators to warn all farmers of the risks.

https://www.nvi.com.au/story/3673344/cotton-spray-drift-causes-damage-into-the-millions/

Cotton spray drift causes damage into the millions

Namoi Valley Independent
Jan. 19, 2016,

Off-target spray drift incidents, suspected to be from fallowed sprays, have hit the district’s cotton crops, causing significant damage this season.

In the Upper Namoi, which takes in the Gunnedah region, 3000 hectares has been affected in the past month alone, while the Lower Namoi has recorded damage of 20,000 hectares.

Incidents have been reported in all cotton-growing regions in NSW and Queensland, with at least 60,000 hectares of cotton damaged already this season. That represents more than 20 per cent of the entire crop with the financial impact expected to be more than $20 million.

In the vast majority of cases, Cotton Australia said the damage was caused by Phenoxy (2,4-D-type) spray that travelled during temperature inversions – in some instances moving tens of kilometres from the intended target fields.

“Unfortunately, environmental conditions over December-January have combined to produce a ‘perfect storm’ for off-target spray drift damage,” Cotton Australia CEO Adam Kay said.

“Heavier than usual seasonal rainfall has encouraged weed growth which, in turn, led to more spraying by farmers and applicators and this has combined with temperature inversions to produce substantial off-target spray drift.

“I’ve been in the cotton industry for 30 years and this is the worst year in memory for spray drift damage to cotton crops, so we are taking this issue extremely seriously.”

In some regions, the damage to individual crops has been severe.

The national chemical regulator, the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority is aware of the severity of the issue and is currently reviewing the 2,4-D pesticide and assessing environmental risks.
See your ad here

State agencies, in NSW and Queensland, including the NSW Environmental Protection Agency are also putting offices in the field to investigate.

Cotton Australia is urging cotton growers to report any damage suspected to have been caused by off-target spray drift and is working with other industry groups, including grain and pulse growers, and state and federal regulators to warn all farmers of the risks.

https://www.nvi.com.au/story/3673344/cotton-spray-drift-causes-damage-into-the-millions/

2016 January: Darling Downs (Qld) Spray Drift. Pesticide: 2,4-D

Spray drift causes havoc for cotton farmers

15th Jan 2016

 

COTTON growers across the Darling Downs have been hit hard by off-target spray drift incidents, causing millions of dollars in damage and threatening farm businesses.

Records have shown that more than 20% of cotton crops in the past month across Queensland and NSW have been threatened by Phenoxy (2, 4-D-type) spray.

The cereal fallow sprays have also travelled during temperature inversions, moving tens of kilometres from intended target fields.

Cotton Australia General Manager, Michael Murray said the environmental conditions over December-January period combined to produce a 'perfect storm' for off-target spray drift damage.

"Heavier-than-usual seasonal rainfall has encouraged weed growth which, in turn, led to more spraying by farmers and applicators, and this has combined with temperature inversions to produce substantial off-target spray drift," he said.

"This is the worst year in memory for spray drift damage to cotton crops, so we are taking this issue extremely seriously."

Cotton Australia Board member and Cecil Plains (Wamara) cotton farmer, Stuart Armitage said the problem happens yearly, but fortunately his crops weren’t affected this year.

"People have been taking risks and we can’t afford to do this with this chemical because otherwise it could be banned," he said.

Mr Armitage said it was important for farmers to educate themselves and utilise workshops to update their knowledge continuously.

"99% of people follow the rules but it also needs to be the right conditions to spray and managed properly," he said.

"I am urging farmers to spray according to the label because if they don’t then they potentially jeopardise other neighbouring crops and the livelihood of farmers."

Whilst Cotton Australia has estimated the damage across Australia to cost the industry more than $20 million, some areas have been affected more than others.

Mr Murray says the national chemical regulator, the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA), was aware of the severity of the issue, and is currently conducting a review of 2,4-D pesticide and an assessment of environmental risks.

https://www.dalbyherald.com.au/news/spray-drift-causes-havoc-for-cotton-farmers/2899517/

Spray drift causes havoc for cotton farmers

15th Jan 2016

 

 

COTTON growers across the Darling Downs have been hit hard by off-target spray drift incidents, causing millions of dollars in damage and threatening farm businesses.

Records have shown that more than 20% of cotton crops in the past month across Queensland and NSW have been threatened by Phenoxy (2, 4-D-type) spray.

The cereal fallow sprays have also travelled during temperature inversions, moving tens of kilometres from intended target fields.

Cotton Australia General Manager, Michael Murray said the environmental conditions over December-January period combined to produce a ‘perfect storm’ for off-target spray drift damage.

“Heavier-than-usual seasonal rainfall has encouraged weed growth which, in turn, led to more spraying by farmers and applicators, and this has combined with temperature inversions to produce substantial off-target spray drift,” he said.

“This is the worst year in memory for spray drift damage to cotton crops, so we are taking this issue extremely seriously.”

Cotton Australia Board member and Cecil Plains (Wamara) cotton farmer, Stuart Armitage said the problem happens yearly, but fortunately his crops weren’t affected this year.

“People have been taking risks and we can’t afford to do this with this chemical because otherwise it could be banned,” he said.

Mr Armitage said it was important for farmers to educate themselves and utilise workshops to update their knowledge continuously.

“99% of people follow the rules but it also needs to be the right conditions to spray and managed properly,” he said.

“I am urging farmers to spray according to the label because if they don’t then they potentially jeopardise other neighbouring crops and the livelihood of farmers.”

Whilst Cotton Australia has estimated the damage across Australia to cost the industry more than $20 million, some areas have been affected more than others.

Mr Murray says the national chemical regulator, the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA), was aware of the severity of the issue, and is currently conducting a review of 2,4-D pesticide and an assessment of environmental risks.

https://www.dalbyherald.com.au/news/spray-drift-causes-havoc-for-cotton-farmers/2899517/

2015 December: Wee Waa region (NSW) Spray Drift Cotton. Pesticide: 2,4-D?

Spray drift damage on the rise after rain
By Amelia Williams
Dec. 4, 2015,

ON THE back of a wet season, growers neighbouring cotton farmers are reminded to be vigilant when spraying weeds with the risk of off-target spray drift.

Weed control has become crucial for farmers in Northern NSW and Queensland districts after recent rain.

Unfortunately, with an increase of farmers spraying for weeds, there’s also been an increase in reports of damaged cotton crops from spray drift.

Most of the 230 ha of irrigated cotton Todd Farrer, “Fernhill”, Wee Waa, planted has been affected rather severely by spray drift.

A block of 30 ha, which was planted later than the rest of his crop, hasn’t shown any damage from the drift as Mr Farrer said it wouldn’t have been emerged yet.

The rest of his crop is showing severe to moderate damage.

Mr Farrer said he detected the damage on November 18 and thinks the spray drift occurred when his cotton was between seven to eight nodes.

Weeks on, the crop still hasn’t shaken the damage and has still been producing hormone damaged leaves.

“The new nodes are still affected by it,” Mr Farrer said.

“It’s moderate to severe damage at the moment and it will be yield affecting.”

As well as being yield affecting, the damage will prolong Mr Farrer’s growing season, leaving the cotton exposed to water risk, like rain, at the end of the season.

Mr Farrer said there was little he could do about the already damaged plants and was just trying to keep his crop healthy until it grows out of the damage.

Cotton Australia general manager, Michael Murray, said all farmers spraying fields must be vigilant against the effects of drift, particularly using Phenoxy 2,4d herbicides.

“It is unfortunate these events must serve as a timely reminder to the potential dangers of spraying,” he said.

“Cotton farmers understand that weed control is important, but so is respecting your neighbors and their ability to earn an income from the land.”

Growers who are planning to spray chemicals which could affect cotton crops are urged to read the label’s guidelines and follow them.

Mr Murray said cotton growers could also use CottonMap, a service which allows them to alert their neighbors and spray contractors about the location of their cotton field.

Growers concerned about spraying can also use CottonMap to determine whether there’s any cotton crops in risk of spray drift.

CottonMap is available at www.CottonMap.com.au.

https://www.theland.com.au/story/3537860/wet-season-heightens-spray-drift-risk/?cs=4941#!

Spray drift damage on the rise after rain
By Amelia Williams
Dec. 4, 2015,

ON THE back of a wet season, growers neighbouring cotton farmers are reminded to be vigilant when spraying weeds with the risk of off-target spray drift.

Weed control has become crucial for farmers in Northern NSW and Queensland districts after recent rain.

Unfortunately, with an increase of farmers spraying for weeds, there’s also been an increase in reports of damaged cotton crops from spray drift.

Most of the 230 ha of irrigated cotton Todd Farrer, “Fernhill”, Wee Waa, planted has been affected rather severely by spray drift.

A block of 30 ha, which was planted later than the rest of his crop, hasn’t shown any damage from the drift as Mr Farrer said it wouldn’t have been emerged yet.

The rest of his crop is showing severe to moderate damage.

Mr Farrer said he detected the damage on November 18 and thinks the spray drift occurred when his cotton was between seven to eight nodes.

Weeks on, the crop still hasn’t shaken the damage and has still been producing hormone damaged leaves.

“The new nodes are still affected by it,” Mr Farrer said.

“It’s moderate to severe damage at the moment and it will be yield affecting.”

As well as being yield affecting, the damage will prolong Mr Farrer’s growing season, leaving the cotton exposed to water risk, like rain, at the end of the season.

Mr Farrer said there was little he could do about the already damaged plants and was just trying to keep his crop healthy until it grows out of the damage.

Cotton Australia general manager, Michael Murray, said all farmers spraying fields must be vigilant against the effects of drift, particularly using Phenoxy 2,4d herbicides.

“It is unfortunate these events must serve as a timely reminder to the potential dangers of spraying,” he said.

“Cotton farmers understand that weed control is important, but so is respecting your neighbors and their ability to earn an income from the land.”

Growers who are planning to spray chemicals which could affect cotton crops are urged to read the label’s guidelines and follow them.

Mr Murray said cotton growers could also use CottonMap, a service which allows them to alert their neighbors and spray contractors about the location of their cotton field.

Growers concerned about spraying can also use CottonMap to determine whether there’s any cotton crops in risk of spray drift.

CottonMap is available at www.CottonMap.com.au.

https://www.theland.com.au/story/3537860/wet-season-heightens-spray-drift-risk/?cs=4941#!

2015 December: Cotton Crop Damage Coleambally NSW. Pesticide: 2,4-D, MCPA?

Cotton grower warns against spray drift
Jan. 8, 2016,

COLEAMBALLY cotton grower John Durham has warned fellow growers and other farmers to be vigilant against the threat of off-target spray drift, after his cotton crop was damaged recently.

Mr Durham, farm manager for Tubbo Irrigation near Coleambally, says all 970 hectares of cotton was damaged by off-target spraying, likely to be Phenoxy herbicide, just before Christmas.

He said the damage occurred despite the industry’s annual campaign to warn cotton growers and other farmers of the dangers of spray drift.

“Every year the industry communicates with all farmers about the dangers of off-target spray drift, but unfortunately these incidences still occur and this year it happened on Tubbo,” Mr Durham said.

“The weather does play a significant part in increasing the risks of spray drift, but it is the duty of every farmer and spray contractor to understand the weather and establish the best times to spray and the right techniques to use to avoid damaging their own land or their neighbours’ crop.”

“All farmers should understand the risks and, out of respect for their neighbours and their livelihood from the land, do everything they can to prevent off-target spray drift.”

Cotton Australia general manager, Michael Murray, said rain over the past month in many cotton-growing regions in Queensland and NSW meant there had been an increase in the reports of damage to cotton crops from spray drift.

"Cotton Australia is working to assist those growers whose crops have been severely impacted by off-target spray drift," Mr Murray said. "It is unfortunate that these events must serve as a timely reminder to the potential dangers of spraying, and the responsibilities of all farmers to look after their neighbours during the season."

Mr Murray said all farmers who spray fields must be vigilant against the effects of drift, particularly when using Phenoxy 2,4-D or MCPA herbicides. “Cotton farmers understand that weed control is important, but so is respecting your neighbours and their ability to earn an income from the land,” Mr Murray said. “The correct directions for use of Phenoxy herbicide are clearly labelled on the products, and it is a legal requirement to follow them."
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“We ask all farmers, no matter what crop they are growing, to be mindful of weather conditions, talk to their neighbours and prepare properly for spraying.”

Cotton Australia has been running its annual spray drift campaign to educate farmers and reduce the risk of spray drift damage. The campaign includes advertisements on radio and workshops in cotton-growing areas to educate growers and other farmers about the correct ways to spray. But Mr Murray also urged growers to use the CottonMap service to alert their neighbours and spray contractors about the location of their cotton fields.

Cotton Australia urges growers whose crops have suffered spray drift damage to call the EPA Environment Line to report it: 131 555.

https://www.areanews.com.au/story/3652486/cotton-grower-warns-against-spray-drift/

Cotton grower warns against spray drift
Jan. 8, 2016,

COLEAMBALLY cotton grower John Durham has warned fellow growers and other farmers to be vigilant against the threat of off-target spray drift, after his cotton crop was damaged recently.

Mr Durham, farm manager for Tubbo Irrigation near Coleambally, says all 970 hectares of cotton was damaged by off-target spraying, likely to be Phenoxy herbicide, just before Christmas.

He said the damage occurred despite the industry’s annual campaign to warn cotton growers and other farmers of the dangers of spray drift.

“Every year the industry communicates with all farmers about the dangers of off-target spray drift, but unfortunately these incidences still occur and this year it happened on Tubbo,” Mr Durham said.

“The weather does play a significant part in increasing the risks of spray drift, but it is the duty of every farmer and spray contractor to understand the weather and establish the best times to spray and the right techniques to use to avoid damaging their own land or their neighbours’ crop.”

“All farmers should understand the risks and, out of respect for their neighbours and their livelihood from the land, do everything they can to prevent off-target spray drift.”

Cotton Australia general manager, Michael Murray, said rain over the past month in many cotton-growing regions in Queensland and NSW meant there had been an increase in the reports of damage to cotton crops from spray drift.

“Cotton Australia is working to assist those growers whose crops have been severely impacted by off-target spray drift,” Mr Murray said. “It is unfortunate that these events must serve as a timely reminder to the potential dangers of spraying, and the responsibilities of all farmers to look after their neighbours during the season.”

Mr Murray said all farmers who spray fields must be vigilant against the effects of drift, particularly when using Phenoxy 2,4-D or MCPA herbicides. “Cotton farmers understand that weed control is important, but so is respecting your neighbours and their ability to earn an income from the land,” Mr Murray said. “The correct directions for use of Phenoxy herbicide are clearly labelled on the products, and it is a legal requirement to follow them.”
See your ad here

“We ask all farmers, no matter what crop they are growing, to be mindful of weather conditions, talk to their neighbours and prepare properly for spraying.”

Cotton Australia has been running its annual spray drift campaign to educate farmers and reduce the risk of spray drift damage. The campaign includes advertisements on radio and workshops in cotton-growing areas to educate growers and other farmers about the correct ways to spray. But Mr Murray also urged growers to use the CottonMap service to alert their neighbours and spray contractors about the location of their cotton fields.

Cotton Australia urges growers whose crops have suffered spray drift damage to call the EPA Environment Line to report it: 131 555.

https://www.areanews.com.au/story/3652486/cotton-grower-warns-against-spray-drift/

1993 + 2015: Blackburn Lake Vic. Pesticides: Trace levels organochlorines, DEET

No PCBs and only trace amounts of organochlorine insecticides were detected in the sediment samples...

While organochlorine insecticides were below the detection limit (0.02 μg/g), there was some indication of trace levels of organochlorines in the yabby samples. However, these were below both NH & MRC Standards and EPA criteria.

 

Source: 

AN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF BLACKBURN LAKE

Environment Protection Authority State Government of Victoria

February 2000

 

https://www.epa.vic.gov.au/~/media/Publications/679.pdf

 

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Blackburn Lake, Blackburn

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: DEET 10.4ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

No PCBs and only trace amounts of organochlorine insecticides were detected in the

sediment samples…

While organochlorine insecticides were below the detection limit (0.02 μg/g), there was some indication of trace levels of organochlorines in the yabby samples. However, these were below both NH & MRC Standards and EPA criteria.

Source: 

AN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF BLACKBURN LAKE

Environment Protection Authority State Government of Victoria

February 2000

https://www.epa.vic.gov.au/~/media/Publications/679.pdf

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Blackburn Lake, Blackburn

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: DEET 10.4ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

2004-6: Brisbane Pesticides in Water Tank. Pesticide: CPA

Pesticides, fungicides and herbicides

 

A range of pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and pyrethroids were tested. Each laboratory tended to have their own suite of chemicals tested which lead to only partial consistency between laboratories. Of the range of chemicals tested there was only one tank from the second sampling in Brisbane that detected the herbicide CPA (4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid) at a level of 366μ g/L in tank water. The same tank did not have any present in the first round of testing. Brisbane was the only location that tested for CPA so this result is out of 11 samples in total that were tested for CPA. All other samples from all locations did not detect any chemicals of this class.

 

Chapman et al. Manuscript 0219. Chemical Water Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Urban Rain Water Tanks. UDM & WSUD Conference, April 2006.

Chemical Water Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Urban Rainwater Tanks

Heather Chapman Ted Gardner, Rob Huston, Andrew Chan and Glen Shaw.

 

https://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/handle/10072/20100/35287_1.pdf?sequence=1

Pesticides, fungicides and herbicides

A range of pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and pyrethroids were tested. Each laboratory tended to have their own suite of chemicals tested which lead to only partial consistency between laboratories. Of the range of chemicals tested there was only one tank from the second sampling in Brisbane that detected the herbicide CPA (4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid) at a level of 366μ g/L in tank water. The same tank did not have any present in the first round of testing. Brisbane was the only location that tested for CPA so this result is out of 11 samples in total that were tested for CPA. All other samples from all locations did not detect any chemicals of this class.

Chapman et al. Manuscript 0219. Chemical Water Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Urban Rain Water Tanks. UDM & WSUD Conference, April 2006.

Chemical Water Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Urban Rainwater Tanks

Heather Chapman Ted Gardner, Rob Huston, Andrew Chan and Glen Shaw.

https://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/handle/10072/20100/35287_1.pdf?sequence=1

1965 August – 1971: Mimosa pigra control. Adelaide River (NT). Pesticides: 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D, Picloram

Control Measures

Attempts at eradication of mimosa commenced in August 1965 prior to it being declared a noxious weed. Chemicals used have been 40% 2,4,5-T either in water (1:300) or diesel (1:45), or Tordon 255 mixed with diesel at a ratio of 1:45 with 2 applications per year, one prior to the wet season and another at the end of the wet season. Isolated plants have been removed manually.

The early eradication work concentrated on that part of the infestation which extended from just above the Adelaide River township down to Tortilla Flats, a distance of approximately 35 km by river. To get over this area twice per year was a full time job from April to December for a Technical Assistant and one or two labourers. The team managed to stop plants seeding within the control area but plants continually reappeared from previously deposited seed and the infestation spread downstream from seeding plants below the control area. The full time eradication attempt continued for 6 years and ceased in 1971 as the team was fighting a losing battle.

Source: Mimosa Pigra in the Northern Territory by I.L Miller Senior Agronomist (Weeds), Darwin; L. Nemestothy, Formerly Agronomist (Weeds) , Darwin; and S.E Pickering, Technical Officer (Weeds), Darwin. Technical Bulltin No. 51 October 1981

https://www.nt.gov.au/d/Content/File/p/Tech_Bull/TB051.pdf

Control Measures

Attempts at eradication of mimosa commenced in August 1965 prior to it being declared a noxious weed. Chemicals used have been 40% 2,4,5-T either in water (1:300) or diesel (1:45), or Tordon 255 mixed with diesel at a ratio of 1:45 with 2 applications per year, one prior to the wet season and another at the end of the wet season. Isolated plants have been removed manually.

The early eradication work concentrated on that part of the infestation which extended from just above the Adelaide River township down to Tortilla Flats, a distance of approximately 35 km by river. To get over this area twice per year was a full time job from April to December for a Technical Assistant and one or two labourers. The team managed to stop plants seeding within the control area but plants continually reappeared from previously deposited seed and the infestation spread downstream from seeding plants below the control area. The full time eradication attempt continued for 6 years and ceased in 1971 as the team was fighting a losing battle.

Source: Mimosa Pigra in the Northern Territory by I.L Miller Senior Agronomist (Weeds), Darwin; L. Nemestothy, Formerly Agronomist (Weeds) , Darwin; and S.E Pickering, Technical Officer (Weeds), Darwin. Technical Bulltin No. 51 October 1981

https://www.nt.gov.au/d/Content/File/p/Tech_Bull/TB051.pdf

2015 January: Tingalpa Creek (Qld) Mosquito Spraying Brisbane. Pesticide: Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Methoprene

Brisbane City Council’s air and land assault to beat mosquito plague

January 22, 2015

THOUSANDS of mozzie-infested saltmarshes and swamps in Brisbane are being air-bombed amid fears of virus outbreaks.

King tides, sporadic storms and balmy weather have combined to ripen conditions for saltmarsh mosquitoes, which transmit Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses.

Brisbane City Council has launched air and ground raids on 3000 known mozzie breeding sites from Tinchi Tamba at Bald Hills to Tingalpa Creek, after recording tides as high as 2.7m this week.

“Council has been on the front foot to respond to king tides, with our mosquito management team starting an aerial treatment of 2000ha of saltmarsh breeding sites by helicopter,” Lord Mayor Graham Quirk said.

“The most effective time to manage mosquitoes is in the days after hatching, before the larvae develop into adults seven days after rainfall or high tides.”

Crews in trucks and on quad bikes also were used to treat the areas helicopters could not spray.

Already this year, dozens of people across Queensland have been struck down by vector-borne diseases.

In the first two weeks of the year, almost 100 people were diagnosed with Ross River Fever. More than 2240 cases were recorded in 2014, one of the worst years for the disease on record.

About 470 people contracted Barmah Forest virus last year. Both illnesses are spread by saltmarsh mosquitoes, or Aedes vigilax .

 

Ten cases of dengue fever have been confirmed in Cairns but that disease is transmitted by mosquito species not detected in Brisbane

 

Dr Nigel Beebe, a vector biologist from the University of Queensland and CSIRO, said aside from their tendency to infect humans, saltmarsh mosquitoes were a pain-inflicting pest.

“They’re the ones biting you during the day,” he said.

“They’re really aggressive.”

Brisbane’s council was one of the best in Australia for controlling mozzies but eradicating them completely was impossible, Dr Beebe said.

“Even if you get 90 per cent of the larvae, the 10 per cent that still hatch means there are still millions and millions of mosquitoes,” he said.

“They’re good flyers. You can find them 50-60km inland — even further — because they come in on the sea breezes.”

Brisbane City Council’s mosquito control team has completed 10 major aerial sprays of 11,500ha of tidal saltmarshes in the past six months.

“Council spends approximately $3.5 million each year on mosquito management and this amount is supplemented when necessary to respond to weather events,” Cr Quirk said.

https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/brisbane-city-councils-air-and-land-assault-to-beat-mosquito-plague/news-story/11cede2f6cbc7cc65a80a5ab75568344

Brisbane City Council’s air and land assault to beat mosquito plague

January 22, 2015

THOUSANDS of mozzie-infested saltmarshes and swamps in Brisbane are being air-bombed amid fears of virus outbreaks.

King tides, sporadic storms and balmy weather have combined to ripen conditions for saltmarsh mosquitoes, which transmit Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses.

Brisbane City Council has launched air and ground raids on 3000 known mozzie breeding sites from Tinchi Tamba at Bald Hills to Tingalpa Creek, after recording tides as high as 2.7m this week.

“Council has been on the front foot to respond to king tides, with our mosquito management team starting an aerial treatment of 2000ha of saltmarsh breeding sites by helicopter,” Lord Mayor Graham Quirk said.

“The most effective time to manage mosquitoes is in the days after hatching, before the larvae develop into adults seven days after rainfall or high tides.”

Crews in trucks and on quad bikes also were used to treat the areas helicopters could not spray.

Already this year, dozens of people across Queensland have been struck down by vector-borne diseases.

In the first two weeks of the year, almost 100 people were diagnosed with Ross River Fever. More than 2240 cases were recorded in 2014, one of the worst years for the disease on record.

About 470 people contracted Barmah Forest virus last year. Both illnesses are spread by saltmarsh mosquitoes, or Aedes vigilax .

 

Ten cases of dengue fever have been confirmed in Cairns but that disease is transmitted by mosquito species not detected in Brisbane

 

Dr Nigel Beebe, a vector biologist from the University of Queensland and CSIRO, said aside from their tendency to infect humans, saltmarsh mosquitoes were a pain-inflicting pest.

“They’re the ones biting you during the day,” he said.

“They’re really aggressive.”

Brisbane’s council was one of the best in Australia for controlling mozzies but eradicating them completely was impossible, Dr Beebe said.

“Even if you get 90 per cent of the larvae, the 10 per cent that still hatch means there are still millions and millions of mosquitoes,” he said.

“They’re good flyers. You can find them 50-60km inland — even further — because they come in on the sea breezes.”

Brisbane City Council’s mosquito control team has completed 10 major aerial sprays of 11,500ha of tidal saltmarshes in the past six months.

“Council spends approximately $3.5 million each year on mosquito management and this amount is supplemented when necessary to respond to weather events,” Cr Quirk said.

https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/brisbane-city-councils-air-and-land-assault-to-beat-mosquito-plague/news-story/11cede2f6cbc7cc65a80a5ab75568344

2015 January: Tinchi Tamba (Qld) Brisbane City Council Mosquito Sprays 10,000ha+ during 2013/14. Pesticides: Bti Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Methoprene

Brisbane City Council’s air and land assault to beat mosquito plague

January 22, 2015

THOUSANDS of mozzie-infested saltmarshes and swamps in Brisbane are being air-bombed amid fears of virus outbreaks.

King tides, sporadic storms and balmy weather have combined to ripen conditions for saltmarsh mosquitoes, which transmit Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses.

Brisbane City Council has launched air and ground raids on 3000 known mozzie breeding sites from Tinchi Tamba at Bald Hills to Tingalpa Creek, after recording tides as high as 2.7m this week.

“Council has been on the front foot to respond to king tides, with our mosquito management team starting an aerial treatment of 2000ha of saltmarsh breeding sites by helicopter,” Lord Mayor Graham Quirk said.

“The most effective time to manage mosquitoes is in the days after hatching, before the larvae develop into adults seven days after rainfall or high tides.”

Crews in trucks and on quad bikes also were used to treat the areas helicopters could not spray.

Already this year, dozens of people across Queensland have been struck down by vector-borne diseases.

In the first two weeks of the year, almost 100 people were diagnosed with Ross River Fever. More than 2240 cases were recorded in 2014, one of the worst years for the disease on record.

About 470 people contracted Barmah Forest virus last year. Both illnesses are spread by saltmarsh mosquitoes, or Aedes vigilax .

 

Ten cases of dengue fever have been confirmed in Cairns but that disease is transmitted by mosquito species not detected in Brisbane

 

Dr Nigel Beebe, a vector biologist from the University of Queensland and CSIRO, said aside from their tendency to infect humans, saltmarsh mosquitoes were a pain-inflicting pest.

“They’re the ones biting you during the day,” he said.

“They’re really aggressive.”

Brisbane’s council was one of the best in Australia for controlling mozzies but eradicating them completely was impossible, Dr Beebe said.

“Even if you get 90 per cent of the larvae, the 10 per cent that still hatch means there are still millions and millions of mosquitoes,” he said.

“They’re good flyers. You can find them 50-60km inland — even further — because they come in on the sea breezes.”

Brisbane City Council’s mosquito control team has completed 10 major aerial sprays of 11,500ha of tidal saltmarshes in the past six months.

“Council spends approximately $3.5 million each year on mosquito management and this amount is supplemented when necessary to respond to weather events,” Cr Quirk said.

https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/brisbane-city-councils-air-and-land-assault-to-beat-mosquito-plague/news-story/11cede2f6cbc7cc65a80a5ab75568344

Brisbane City Council’s air and land assault to beat mosquito plague

January 22, 2015

THOUSANDS of mozzie-infested saltmarshes and swamps in Brisbane are being air-bombed amid fears of virus outbreaks.

King tides, sporadic storms and balmy weather have combined to ripen conditions for saltmarsh mosquitoes, which transmit Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses.

Brisbane City Council has launched air and ground raids on 3000 known mozzie breeding sites from Tinchi Tamba at Bald Hills to Tingalpa Creek, after recording tides as high as 2.7m this week.

“Council has been on the front foot to respond to king tides, with our mosquito management team starting an aerial treatment of 2000ha of saltmarsh breeding sites by helicopter,” Lord Mayor Graham Quirk said.

“The most effective time to manage mosquitoes is in the days after hatching, before the larvae develop into adults seven days after rainfall or high tides.”

Crews in trucks and on quad bikes also were used to treat the areas helicopters could not spray.

Already this year, dozens of people across Queensland have been struck down by vector-borne diseases.

In the first two weeks of the year, almost 100 people were diagnosed with Ross River Fever. More than 2240 cases were recorded in 2014, one of the worst years for the disease on record.

About 470 people contracted Barmah Forest virus last year. Both illnesses are spread by saltmarsh mosquitoes, or Aedes vigilax .

 

Ten cases of dengue fever have been confirmed in Cairns but that disease is transmitted by mosquito species not detected in Brisbane

 

Dr Nigel Beebe, a vector biologist from the University of Queensland and CSIRO, said aside from their tendency to infect humans, saltmarsh mosquitoes were a pain-inflicting pest.

“They’re the ones biting you during the day,” he said.

“They’re really aggressive.”

Brisbane’s council was one of the best in Australia for controlling mozzies but eradicating them completely was impossible, Dr Beebe said.

“Even if you get 90 per cent of the larvae, the 10 per cent that still hatch means there are still millions and millions of mosquitoes,” he said.

“They’re good flyers. You can find them 50-60km inland — even further — because they come in on the sea breezes.”

Brisbane City Council’s mosquito control team has completed 10 major aerial sprays of 11,500ha of tidal saltmarshes in the past six months.

“Council spends approximately $3.5 million each year on mosquito management and this amount is supplemented when necessary to respond to weather events,” Cr Quirk said.

https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/brisbane-city-councils-air-and-land-assault-to-beat-mosquito-plague/news-story/11cede2f6cbc7cc65a80a5ab75568344

2016 January: Parks Victoria Washing Toxic Waste Into Yarra River

Parks Victoria washing toxic waste into Yarra River

January 9, 2016 The Age Newspaper

Benjamin Millar

Toxic chemical waste has been washed into the Yarra River at Warrandyte by Parks Victoria staff, killing trees and creating a "public health risk" near a popular Melbourne swimming spot.

According to a confidential internal report on Parks Victoria operations, a toxic cocktail of chemicals and herbicides has flowed into the Yarra from a "wash-down facility" near Pound Bend, which is a popular spot for swimming, fishing and canoeing inside Warrandyte State Park.

An incident and hazard summary report, dated October 29, reveals the concrete site is used to "pressure-wash vehicles, triple rinse chemical containers and mix herbicides for use in the park".

Swimmers at Pound Bend, near the Parks Victoria facility where toxic waste was washed into the river. Photo: Justin McManus

But the area drains directly into the Yarra, and the report states that chemical waste from the depot's wash-down area has already killed a number of trees before entering the river.

Concerns were also raised about workers being exposed to the chemical waste.

The report, released to the opposition under freedom of information legislation, noted contaminated water is washed into three separate pits that are "not designed to filter or store contaminated waste".

"The waste is manually removed, exposing the operator to unknown chemicals," states the hazard report.

The issue was recorded as far back as April 29 last year, when contaminated water was found to be draining into the Yarra River.

The report noted the wash bay fails to meet legal requirements and "if the EPA [Environment Protection Authority] was informed, PV would face serious fines".

Parks Victoria decided not to alert the EPA to the findings.

EPA acting chief executive Damian Wells said the agency was first tipped off to the issue on Friday via its pollution hotline.

"We have had an officer out to inspect the site," he said. "They have taken some soil and water samples and will be undertaking our normal investigative process."

Mr Wells said Parks Victoria was obliged to meet the same requirements under the Environment Protection Act as any private business.

"Wastewater must be retained on the site and our investigation will look at whether there have been any breaches of that requirement," he said.

"We may require a clean-up of the site and changes to the practices on the site."

A Parks Victoria spokesman said the authority will work together with the EPA to fix the issue.

He said wash bay upgrades are being scheduled after staff raised a potential safety issue with run-off.

"Local staff implemented immediate control measures to minimise any OHS risks associated with the wash bay," he said.

"Staff ceased washing down tanks and an inductor truck now comes in to remove and dispose of sediment appropriately. The use of the trucks also limits the run-off."

The spokesman said the cause of damage to the trees is yet to be determined.

Opposition environment spokesman Brad Battin said the state government needs to order a full investigation into the "environmental vandalism".

"These are shocking revelations of the Yarra being poisoned in a secret government report which Daniel Andrews has tried to bury."

But a spokeswoman for Environment Minister Lisa Neville sheeted blame to the opposition, claiming the minister and her office were only made aware of the issue when contacted by the media.

"The previous government gutted Parks Victoria, they lost one in 10 of their staff and 10 per cent of their budget, which left our parks and $1.8 billion in portfolio assets at risk," she said.

"We understand that action was taken once the issue was reported. The minister has spoken to Parks Victoria about the need to notify the EPA immediately in the future."
https://www.theage.com.au/victoria/parks-victoria-washing-toxic-waste-into-yarra-river-20160109-gm2gr1.html#ixzz3wjlEiuJ6

Parks Victoria washing toxic waste into Yarra River

January 9, 2016 The Age Newspaper

Benjamin Millar

Toxic chemical waste has been washed into the Yarra River at Warrandyte by Parks Victoria staff, killing trees and creating a “public health risk” near a popular Melbourne swimming spot.

According to a confidential internal report on Parks Victoria operations, a toxic cocktail of chemicals and herbicides has flowed into the Yarra from a “wash-down facility” near Pound Bend, which is a popular spot for swimming, fishing and canoeing inside Warrandyte State Park.

An incident and hazard summary report, dated October 29, reveals the concrete site is used to “pressure-wash vehicles, triple rinse chemical containers and mix herbicides for use in the park”.

Swimmers at Pound Bend, near the Parks Victoria facility where toxic waste was washed into the river. Photo: Justin McManus

But the area drains directly into the Yarra, and the report states that chemical waste from the depot’s wash-down area has already killed a number of trees before entering the river.

Concerns were also raised about workers being exposed to the chemical waste.

The report, released to the opposition under freedom of information legislation, noted contaminated water is washed into three separate pits that are “not designed to filter or store contaminated waste”.

“The waste is manually removed, exposing the operator to unknown chemicals,” states the hazard report.

The issue was recorded as far back as April 29 last year, when contaminated water was found to be draining into the Yarra River.

The report noted the wash bay fails to meet legal requirements and “if the EPA [Environment Protection Authority] was informed, PV would face serious fines”.

Parks Victoria decided not to alert the EPA to the findings.

EPA acting chief executive Damian Wells said the agency was first tipped off to the issue on Friday via its pollution hotline.

“We have had an officer out to inspect the site,” he said. “They have taken some soil and water samples and will be undertaking our normal investigative process.”

Mr Wells said Parks Victoria was obliged to meet the same requirements under the Environment Protection Act as any private business.

“Wastewater must be retained on the site and our investigation will look at whether there have been any breaches of that requirement,” he said.

“We may require a clean-up of the site and changes to the practices on the site.”

A Parks Victoria spokesman said the authority will work together with the EPA to fix the issue.

He said wash bay upgrades are being scheduled after staff raised a potential safety issue with run-off.

“Local staff implemented immediate control measures to minimise any OHS risks associated with the wash bay,” he said.

“Staff ceased washing down tanks and an inductor truck now comes in to remove and dispose of sediment appropriately. The use of the trucks also limits the run-off.”

The spokesman said the cause of damage to the trees is yet to be determined.

Opposition environment spokesman Brad Battin said the state government needs to order a full investigation into the “environmental vandalism”.

“These are shocking revelations of the Yarra being poisoned in a secret government report which Daniel Andrews has tried to bury.”

But a spokeswoman for Environment Minister Lisa Neville sheeted blame to the opposition, claiming the minister and her office were only made aware of the issue when contacted by the media.

“The previous government gutted Parks Victoria, they lost one in 10 of their staff and 10 per cent of their budget, which left our parks and $1.8 billion in portfolio assets at risk,” she said.

“We understand that action was taken once the issue was reported. The minister has spoken to Parks Victoria about the need to notify the EPA immediately in the future.”
https://www.theage.com.au/victoria/parks-victoria-washing-toxic-waste-into-yarra-river-20160109-gm2gr1.html#ixzz3wjlEiuJ6

2013 December – 2014 March: Picnic Crossing (Lake Tinaroo) Qld. Pesticides: Multiple

"A total of 14 pesticide residues, 3 herbicide degradation products, 2 synthetic musks and 1 flame retardant were detected in the passive samplers and grab samples in the Upper Barron River between December 2013 and March 2014. The sampling captured low flow (mid-December to mid- January), high flow (mid-January to mid-February) and moderate flow (mid-February to mid-March) events. The residues detected included the herbicides ametryn, atrazine, diuron, hexazinone, metolachlor, metsulfuron methyl, pendimethalin, picloram, prometryn, simazine and tebuthiuron and the herbicide degradation products, 3,4-dichloroanaline (diuron metabolite), desethyl atrazine and desisopropyl atrazine (atrazine metabolites). The insecticides detected included chlorpyrifos, diazinon and imidacloprid and the synthetic musks detected were galaxolide and tonalide. Tris (2- chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate (TCIPP) was the only detected flame retardant in the samples. Ouranalysis suggests that none of these chemicals were detected at concentrations known to cause environmental harm, although diazinon and chlorpyrifos exceeded 99% ecological protection trigger values during each of the three monthly monitoring periods undertaken. However, the 95% trigger values were not exceeded and are more appropriate to apply given this would be considered amoderately disturbed site. Overall, compared to other regions of the GBR, the pesticides (and other chemicals) in the Upper Barron Catchment that drain into Tinaroo Dam, are considered low risk."

Source: Barron River pesticide monitoring and Cairns WWTP WQ assessment.

Dominique O’Brien, Stephen Lewis, Christie Gallen, Jake O’Brien, Kristie Thompson, Geoff Eaglesham, Jochen Mueller Report No. 14/40 June 2014

“A total of 14 pesticide residues, 3 herbicide degradation products, 2 synthetic musks and 1 flame retardant were detected in the passive samplers and grab samples in the Upper Barron River between December 2013 and March 2014. The sampling captured low flow (mid-December to mid- January), high flow (mid-January to mid-February) and moderate flow (mid-February to mid-March) events. The residues detected included the herbicides ametryn, atrazine, diuron, hexazinone, metolachlor, metsulfuron methyl, pendimethalin, picloram, prometryn, simazine and tebuthiuron and the herbicide degradation products, 3,4-dichloroanaline (diuron metabolite), desethyl atrazine and desisopropyl atrazine (atrazine metabolites). The insecticides detected included chlorpyrifos, diazinon and imidacloprid and the synthetic musks detected were galaxolide and tonalide. Tris (2- chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate (TCIPP) was the only detected flame retardant in the samples. Ouranalysis suggests that none of these chemicals were detected at concentrations known to cause environmental harm, although diazinon and chlorpyrifos exceeded 99% ecological protection trigger values during each of the three monthly monitoring periods undertaken. However, the 95% trigger values were not exceeded and are more appropriate to apply given this would be considered amoderately disturbed site. Overall, compared to other regions of the GBR, the pesticides (and other chemicals) in the Upper Barron Catchment that drain into Tinaroo Dam, are considered low risk.”

Source: Barron River pesticide monitoring and Cairns WWTP WQ assessment.

Dominique O’Brien, Stephen Lewis, Christie Gallen, Jake O’Brien, Kristie Thompson, Geoff Eaglesham, Jochen Mueller Report No. 14/40 June 2014

 

1987 October. 164 properties remain quarantined in Queensland. Pesticide: Dieldrin

During the first six months of this year, authorities in the United States of America detected a five fold increase in the incidence of violative levels of pesticide residue in beef originating from Australia. That increase has not been reflected in subsequent intensive testing of product in this country; violatve residue levels detected remaining constant at about 0.4 percent. United States authorities indicated that the high level of violations demonstrated by their testing was unacceptable, and that further violation could terminate imports of Australian meat products. Other importing countries, particularly Japan and Canada, quickly took up the concems of the United States of America, and the export markets for Australian meats appeared to be in a precarious situation. In response, the meat works testing program for pesticide residues was progressively increased as laboratory space became available, and approximately 120,000 samples have been tested in Australia since June of this year.

At the end of October, 164 properties remained under quarantine in Queensland— almost 80 per cent of them being for dieldrin— whilst 26 had been cleared and released. We have implemented a program to enable a property status to be determined for Queensland livestock-producers.

Source: https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/hansard/1987/1987_11_10.pdf

2012 – 2013: Burnett River (Qld) at Ben Anderson Barrage Head: Pesticides: Ametryn, Atrazine, Diuron, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron

Burnett River at Ben Anderson Barrage Head Water

Ametryn 27kg, Total Atrazine 310kg, Diuron 130kg, Hexazinone 71kg, Tebuthiuron 87kg

Land Use Yield

Ametryn (Sugarcane) 0.43 kg/km2

Atrazine (Cropping, Forestry & Sugarcane) 0.058kg/km2

Diuron (Cropping, Horticulture & Sugarcane) 0.096kg/km2

Hexazinone (Cropping, Horticulture & Sugarcane) 0.0024kg/km2

Tebuthiuron  (Grazing) 0.0034kg/km2

Source: Reef Water Quality Protection Plan. Total Suspended Solids, Nutrients & Pesticide Loads (2012-2013) for Rivers that Discharge to the Great Barrier Reef - Great Barrier Reef Catchment Loads Monitoring 2012-2013

https://www.reefplan.qld.gov.au/measuring-success/paddock-to-reef/assets/2012-2013-gbr-catchment-loads-technical-report.pdf

Burnett River at Ben Anderson Barrage Head Water

Ametryn 27kg, Total Atrazine 310kg, Diuron 130kg, Hexazinone 71kg, Tebuthiuron 87kg

Land Use Yield

Ametryn (Sugarcane) 0.43 kg/km2

Atrazine (Cropping, Forestry & Sugarcane) 0.058kg/km2

Diuron (Cropping, Horticulture & Sugarcane) 0.096kg/km2

Hexazinone (Cropping, Horticulture & Sugarcane) 0.0024kg/km2

Tebuthiuron  (Grazing) 0.0034kg/km2

Source: Reef Water Quality Protection Plan. Total Suspended Solids, Nutrients & Pesticide Loads (2012-2013) for Rivers that Discharge to the Great Barrier Reef – Great Barrier Reef Catchment Loads Monitoring 2012-2013

https://www.reefplan.qld.gov.au/measuring-success/paddock-to-reef/assets/2012-2013-gbr-catchment-loads-technical-report.pdf

2011 – 2023: Fitzroy River at Rockhampton. Pesticides: Multiple

Fitzroy River at Fitzroy River (upstream of Rockhampton Water Supply)

1975 pesticide detections between Jan 2014 and Mar 2023

Diuron: 59 detections of Diuron between Feb 2014 and Jan 2023. 0.28ug/L (max 7/12/22). 0.0284ug/L (av.)

2,4-D: 153 detections of 2,4-D between Jul 2014 and Feb 2023. 0.39ug/L (max 27/11/10). 0.0642ug/L (av.)

Ametryn: 5 detections of Ametryn between July 2016 and Apr 2017. 0.002ug/L (max 10/8/16). 0.0011ug/L (av.)

Atrazine: 288 detections of Atrazine between Jan 2014 and Mar 2023. 0.73ug/L (max 29/1/15). 0.0987ug/L (av.)

Bromacil: 44 detections of Bromacil between Jan 2014 and Jul 2021. 0.13ug/L (max 12/4/21). 0.0353ug/L (av.)

Chlorpyrifos: 4 detections of Chlorpyrifos between Jan 2017 and Nov 2021. 0.03ug/L (max 13/1/17). 0.0075ug/L (av.)

Diazinon: 5 detections of Diazinon between Dec 2016 and Apr 2022. 0.0001ug/L (max 14/12/16). 0.00002ug/L (av.)

Fluroxypur: 108 detections of Fluroxypur between Dec 2014 and Jan 2023. 0.66ug/L (max 21/1/21). 0.0704ug/L (av.)

Haloxyfop: 45 detections of Haloxyfop between Feb 2015 and Jan 2023. 0.06ug/L (max 14/11/22). 0.0178ug/L (av.)

Hexazinone: 165 detections of Hexazinone between Dec 2014 and Jan 2023. 0.31ug/L (max 7/11/17). 0.0258ug/L (av.)

Imazapic: 39 detections of Imazapic between Jul 2016 and Jan 2023. 0.05ug/L (max 11/12/22). 0.0144ug/L (av.)

Imidacloprid: 8 detections of Imidacloprid between Jan 2017 and Jan 2023. 0.12ug/L (max 23/1/13). 0.0395ug/L (av.)

Isoxaflutole: 31 detections of Isoxaflutole between Jan 2017 and Dec 2022. 0.19ug/L (max 11/12/22). 0.0491ug/L (av.)

MCPA: 19 detections of MCPA between July 2016 and Nov 2022. 0.081ug/L (max 25/7/16). 0.0166ug/L (av.)

Metolachlor: 329 detections of Metolachlor between Feb 2014 and Mar 2023. 1.6ug/L (max 23/1/13). 0.1426ug/L (av.)

Metsulfuron Methyl: 16 detections of Metsulfuron Methyl between Jul 2016 and Dec 2022. 0.03ug/L (max 10/12/22). 0.0072ug/L (av.)

Metribuzin: 2 detections of Metribuzin in July 2016. 0.007ug/L (max). 0.0045ug/L (av.)

Pendimethalin: 1 detection of Pendimethalin 13/1/17 0.03ug/L (av.)

Prometryn: 6 detections of Prometryn between Jan 2015 and Nov 2022. 0.01ugL (max 12/11/22). 0.0055ug/L (av.)

Simazine: 74 detections of Simazine between Jan 2015 and Oct 2022. 0.91ug/L (max 25/7/16). 0.1255ug/L (av.)

Tebuthiuron: 378 detections of Tebuthiuron between Jan 2014 and Mar 2023. 5.1ug/L (max 20/11/21). 0.6087ug/L (av.)

Terbuthylazine: 164 detections of Terbuthylazine between Feb 2014 and Mar 2023. 2.3ug/L (max 10/12/22). 0.1386ug/L (av.)

Triclopyr: 33 detections of Triclopyr between Dec 2014 and Jan 2023. 0.13ug/L (max 13/7/22). 0.0423ug/L (av.)

Source: Pesticide Reporting Portal - Queensland Government. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/c0f0c6d7d88a4fd3a5541fe59f41ff75

2012-2013

Fitzroy River at Rockhampton

Total Atrazine 470kg, Diuron 98kg, Hexazinone 4.5kg, Tebuthiuron 5000kg

Land Use Yield

Atrazine (Cropping, Forestry & Sugarcane) 0.026kg/km2

Diuron (Cropping, Horticulture & Sugarcane) 0.011kg/km2

Hexazinone (Cropping, Forestry  and Sugarcane) 0.000037kg/km2

Tebuthiuron (Cropping, Forestry  and Sugarcane) 0.045kg/km2

Source: Reef Water Quality Protection Plan. Total Suspended Solids, Nutrients & Pesticide Loads (2012-2013) for Rivers that Discharge to the Great Barrier Reef - Great Barrier Reef Catchment Loads Monitoring 2012-2013

https://www.reefplan.qld.gov.au/measuring-success/paddock-to-reef/assets/2012-2013-gbr-catchment-loads-technical-report.pdf

2011: Large Scale Pesticide Monitoring Across Great Barrier Reef Catchments - Paddock to Reef Integrated Monitoring, Modelling and Reporting Program, 7 pesticides and two metabolites detected in Fitzroy River: Atrazine, Desethyl Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, Diuron, Hexazinone, Simazine, Tebuthiuron, Bromocil, Metolachlor.

Fitzroy River at Fitzroy River (upstream of Rockhampton Water Supply)

1975 pesticide detections between Jan 2014 and Mar 2023

Diuron: 59 detections of Diuron between Feb 2014 and Jan 2023. 0.28ug/L (max 7/12/22). 0.0284ug/L (av.)

2,4-D: 153 detections of 2,4-D between Jul 2014 and Feb 2023. 0.39ug/L (max 27/11/10). 0.0642ug/L (av.)

Ametryn: 5 detections of Ametryn between July 2016 and Apr 2017. 0.002ug/L (max 10/8/16). 0.0011ug/L (av.)

Atrazine: 288 detections of Atrazine between Jan 2014 and Mar 2023. 0.73ug/L (max 29/1/15). 0.0987ug/L (av.)

Bromacil: 44 detections of Bromacil between Jan 2014 and Jul 2021. 0.13ug/L (max 12/4/21). 0.0353ug/L (av.)

Chlorpyrifos: 4 detections of Chlorpyrifos between Jan 2017 and Nov 2021. 0.03ug/L (max 13/1/17). 0.0075ug/L (av.)

Diazinon: 5 detections of Diazinon between Dec 2016 and Apr 2022. 0.0001ug/L (max 14/12/16). 0.00002ug/L (av.)

Fluroxypur: 108 detections of Fluroxypur between Dec 2014 and Jan 2023. 0.66ug/L (max 21/1/21). 0.0704ug/L (av.)

Haloxyfop: 45 detections of Haloxyfop between Feb 2015 and Jan 2023. 0.06ug/L (max 14/11/22). 0.0178ug/L (av.)

Hexazinone: 165 detections of Hexazinone between Dec 2014 and Jan 2023. 0.31ug/L (max 7/11/17). 0.0258ug/L (av.)

Imazapic: 39 detections of Imazapic between Jul 2016 and Jan 2023. 0.05ug/L (max 11/12/22). 0.0144ug/L (av.)

Imidacloprid: 8 detections of Imidacloprid between Jan 2017 and Jan 2023. 0.12ug/L (max 23/1/13). 0.0395ug/L (av.)

Isoxaflutole: 31 detections of Isoxaflutole between Jan 2017 and Dec 2022. 0.19ug/L (max 11/12/22). 0.0491ug/L (av.)

MCPA: 19 detections of MCPA between July 2016 and Nov 2022. 0.081ug/L (max 25/7/16). 0.0166ug/L (av.)

Metolachlor: 329 detections of Metolachlor between Feb 2014 and Mar 2023. 1.6ug/L (max 23/1/13). 0.1426ug/L (av.)

Metsulfuron Methyl: 16 detections of Metsulfuron Methyl between Jul 2016 and Dec 2022. 0.03ug/L (max 10/12/22). 0.0072ug/L (av.)

Metribuzin: 2 detections of Metribuzin in July 2016. 0.007ug/L (max). 0.0045ug/L (av.)

Pendimethalin: 1 detection of Pendimethalin 13/1/17 0.03ug/L (av.)

Prometryn: 6 detections of Prometryn between Jan 2015 and Nov 2022. 0.01ugL (max 12/11/22). 0.0055ug/L (av.)

Simazine: 74 detections of Simazine between Jan 2015 and Oct 2022. 0.91ug/L (max 25/7/16). 0.1255ug/L (av.)

Tebuthiuron: 378 detections of Tebuthiuron between Jan 2014 and Mar 2023. 5.1ug/L (max 20/11/21). 0.6087ug/L (av.)

Terbuthylazine: 164 detections of Terbuthylazine between Feb 2014 and Mar 2023. 2.3ug/L (max 10/12/22). 0.1386ug/L (av.)

Triclopyr: 33 detections of Triclopyr between Dec 2014 and Jan 2023. 0.13ug/L (max 13/7/22). 0.0423ug/L (av.)

Source: Pesticide Reporting Portal – Queensland Government. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/c0f0c6d7d88a4fd3a5541fe59f41ff75

 

2012-2013

Fitzroy River at Rockhampton

Total Atrazine 470kg, Diuron 98kg, Hexazinone 4.5kg, Tebuthiuron 5000kg

Land Use Yield

Atrazine (Cropping, Forestry & Sugarcane) 0.026kg/km2

Diuron (Cropping, Horticulture & Sugarcane) 0.011kg/km2

Hexazinone (Cropping, Forestry  and Sugarcane) 0.000037kg/km2

Tebuthiuron (Cropping, Forestry  and Sugarcane) 0.045kg/km2

Source: Reef Water Quality Protection Plan. Total Suspended Solids, Nutrients & Pesticide Loads (2012-2013) for Rivers that Discharge to the Great Barrier Reef – Great Barrier Reef Catchment Loads Monitoring 2012-2013

https://www.reefplan.qld.gov.au/measuring-success/paddock-to-reef/assets/2012-2013-gbr-catchment-loads-technical-report.pdf

2011: Large Scale Pesticide Monitoring Across Great Barrier Reef Catchments – Paddock to Reef Integrated Monitoring, Modelling and Reporting Program, 7 pesticides and two metabolites detected in Fitzroy River: Atrazine, Desethyl Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, Diuron, Hexazinone, Simazine, Tebuthiuron, Bromocil, Metolachlor.

2011/2023: Sandy Creek at Homebush (Qld). Pesticides: Ametryn, Atrazine, Diuron, Hexazinone

Sandy Creek at Homebush (Queensland)

8760 pesticide detections between Sep 2011 and Jan 2023

Diuron: 836 detections of Diuron between Sep 2011 and Jan 2023. 13ug/L (max 1/11/17). 1.345ug/L (av).

2,4-D: 710 detections of 2,4-D between July 2012 and Jan 2023. 13ug/L (max 1/11/17). 0.6355ug/L (av.)

Ametryn: 476 detections of Ametryn between Nov 2011 and Jan 2023. 4.2ug/L (max 17/11/15). 0.0748ug/L (av.)

Atrazine: 825 detections of Atrazine between Sep 2011 and Jan 2023. 11ug/L (max 10/1/19). 1.4013ug/L (av.)

Bromacil: 83 detections of Bromacil between Dec 2011 and Jan 2023. 3.1ug/L (max 11/5/22). 0.2755ug.L (av.)

Chlorpyrifos: 5 trace detections of Chlorpyrifos between May 2022 and July 2022.

Diazinon: 14 trace detections of Diazinon between Mar 2017 and July 2022.

Fipronil: 3 detections of Fipronil in Oct 2017. 0.0009ug/L (max 19/10/17). 0.0007ug/L (av.)

Fluroxypur: 656 detections of Fluroxypur between Feb 2014 and Jan 2023. 2.1ug/L (max 26/1/20). 0.3651ug/L (av.)

Haloxyfop: 84 detections of Haloxyfop between Jan 2014 and Dec 2022. 0.13ug/L (max 6/7/22). 0.0274ug/L (av.)

Hexazinone: 828 detections of Hexazinone between Sep 2011 and Jan 2023. 7.3ug/L (max 17/11/15). 0.4781ug/L (av.)

Imazapic: 684 detections of Imazapic between Feb 2015 and Jan 2023. 1.3ug/L (max 24/12/18). 0.3276ug/L (av.)

Imidacloprid: 759 detections of Imidacloprid between Feb 2012 and Jan 2023. 4.2ug/L (max 30/1/19). 0.3437ug/L (av.)

Isoxaflutole: 642 detections of Isoxaflutole between Jul 2012 and Jan 2023. 1.7ug/L (max 20/10/17). 0.2037ug/L (av.)

MCPA: 723 detections of MCPA between Jul 2012 and Jan 2023. 2.4ug/L (max 31/1/17). 0.1594ug/L (av.)

Metolachlor: 765 detections of Metolachlor between Nov 2011 and Jan 2023. 4.9ug/L (max 30/12/19). 0.3915ug/L (av.)

Metsulfuron Methyl: 116 detections of Metsulfuron Methyl between Nov 2013 and May 2022. 0.17ug/L (max 9/1/19). 0.0261ug/L (av.)

Metribuzin: 376 detections of Metribuzin between Jan 2013 and Mar 2021. 4.5ug/L (max 5/1/16). 0.295ug/L (av.)

Prometryn: 4 detections of Prometryn between Nov 2015 and May 2017. 0.08ug/L (max 17/11/15). 0.0253ug/L (av.)

Simazine: 83 detections of Simazine between Jan 2012 and Dec 2021. 0.11ug/L (max 20/1/15). 0.016ug/L (av.)

Tebuthiuron: 28 detections of Tebuthiuron between Jun 2012 and Jan 2023. 0.43ug/L (max 7/3/20). 0.0755ug/L (av.)

Terbuthylazine: 113 detections of Terbuthylazine between Dec 2020 and Jan 2023. 0.59ug/L (max 14/12/21). 0.1598ug/L (av.)

Triclopyr: 46 detections of Triclopyr between Jul 2012 and Jun 2021. 0.12ug/L (max 19/12/18). 0.0288ug/L (av.)

Source: Pesticide Reporting Portal - Queensland Government. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/c0f0c6d7d88a4fd3a5541fe59f41ff75

2012-2013

Sandy Creek at Homebush

Ametryn 12kg, Total Atrazine 280kg, Diuron 310kg, Hexazinone 55kg

Land Use Yield

Ametryn (Sugarcane) 0.077 kg/km2

Atrazine (Cropping, Forestry & Sugarcane) 1.5kg/km2

Diuron (Cropping, Horticulture & Sugarcane) 2kg/km2

Hexazinone (Cropping, Forestry  and Sugarcane) 0.19kg/km2

Source: Reef Water Quality Protection Plan. Total Suspended Solids, Nutrients & Pesticide Loads (2012-2013) for Rivers that Discharge to the Great Barrier Reef - Great Barrier Reef Catchment Loads Monitoring 2012-2013

https://www.reefplan.qld.gov.au/measuring-success/paddock-to-reef/assets/2012-2013-gbr-catchment-loads-technical-report.pdf

Sandy Creek at Homebush

8760 pesticide detections between Sep 2011 and Jan 2023

Diuron: 836 detections of Diuron between Sep 2011 and Jan 2023. 13ug/L (max 1/11/17). 1.345ug/L (av).

2,4-D: 710 detections of 2,4-D between July 2012 and Jan 2023. 13ug/L (max 1/11/17). 0.6355ug/L (av.)

Ametryn: 476 detections of Ametryn between Nov 2011 and Jan 2023. 4.2ug/L (max 17/11/15). 0.0748ug/L (av.)

Atrazine: 825 detections of Atrazine between Sep 2011 and Jan 2023. 11ug/L (max 10/1/19). 1.4013ug/L (av.)

Bromacil: 83 detections of Bromacil between Dec 2011 and Jan 2023. 3.1ug/L (max 11/5/22). 0.2755ug.L (av.)

Chlorpyrifos: 5 trace detections of Chlorpyrifos between May 2022 and July 2022.

Diazinon: 14 trace detections of Diazinon between Mar 2017 and July 2022.

Fipronil: 3 detections of Fipronil in Oct 2017. 0.0009ug/L (max 19/10/17). 0.0007ug/L (av.)

Fluroxypur: 656 detections of Fluroxypur between Feb 2014 and Jan 2023. 2.1ug/L (max 26/1/20). 0.3651ug/L (av.)

Haloxyfop: 84 detections of Haloxyfop between Jan 2014 and Dec 2022. 0.13ug/L (max 6/7/22). 0.0274ug/L (av.)

Hexazinone: 828 detections of Hexazinone between Sep 2011 and Jan 2023. 7.3ug/L (max 17/11/15). 0.4781ug/L (av.)

Imazapic: 684 detections of Imazapic between Feb 2015 and Jan 2023. 1.3ug/L (max 24/12/18). 0.3276ug/L (av.)

Imidacloprid: 759 detections of Imidacloprid between Feb 2012 and Jan 2023. 4.2ug/L (max 30/1/19). 0.3437ug/L (av.)

Isoxaflutole: 642 detections of Isoxaflutole between Jul 2012 and Jan 2023. 1.7ug/L (max 20/10/17). 0.2037ug/L (av.)

MCPA: 723 detections of MCPA between Jul 2012 and Jan 2023. 2.4ug/L (max 31/1/17). 0.1594ug/L (av.)

Metolachlor: 765 detections of Metolachlor between Nov 2011 and Jan 2023. 4.9ug/L (max 30/12/19). 0.3915ug/L (av.)

Metsulfuron Methyl: 116 detections of Metsulfuron Methyl between Nov 2013 and May 2022. 0.17ug/L (max 9/1/19). 0.0261ug/L (av.)

Metribuzin: 376 detections of Metribuzin between Jan 2013 and Mar 2021. 4.5ug/L (max 5/1/16). 0.295ug/L (av.)

Prometryn: 4 detections of Prometryn between Nov 2015 and May 2017. 0.08ug/L (max 17/11/15). 0.0253ug/L (av.)

Simazine: 83 detections of Simazine between Jan 2012 and Dec 2021. 0.11ug/L (max 20/1/15). 0.016ug/L (av.)

Tebuthiuron: 28 detections of Tebuthiuron between Jun 2012 and Jan 2023. 0.43ug/L (max 7/3/20). 0.0755ug/L (av.)

Terbuthylazine: 113 detections of Terbuthylazine between Dec 2020 and Jan 2023. 0.59ug/L (max 14/12/21). 0.1598ug/L (av.)

Triclopyr: 46 detections of Triclopyr between Jul 2012 and Jun 2021. 0.12ug/L (max 19/12/18). 0.0288ug/L (av.)

Source: Pesticide Reporting Portal – Queensland Government. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/c0f0c6d7d88a4fd3a5541fe59f41ff75

2012-2013

Sandy Creek at Homebush

Ametryn 12kg, Total Atrazine 280kg, Diuron 310kg, Hexazinone 55kg

Land Use Yield

Ametryn (Sugarcane) 0.077 kg/km2

Atrazine (Cropping, Forestry & Sugarcane) 1.5kg/km2

Diuron (Cropping, Horticulture & Sugarcane) 2kg/km2

Hexazinone (Cropping, Forestry  and Sugarcane) 0.19kg/km2

Source: Reef Water Quality Protection Plan. Total Suspended Solids, Nutrients & Pesticide Loads (2012-2013) for Rivers that Discharge to the Great Barrier Reef – Great Barrier Reef Catchment Loads Monitoring 2012-2013

https://www.reefplan.qld.gov.au/measuring-success/paddock-to-reef/assets/2012-2013-gbr-catchment-loads-technical-report.pdf

2011/23: Burdekin River at Home Hill Inkerman Bridge (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Burdekin River at Home Hill Inkerman Bridge

1289 pesticide detections between Oct 2011 and Feb 2023

Diuron: 58 detections of Diuron between Dec 2011 and Jan 2023. 0.53ug/L (max 30/12/21). 0.0407ug/L (av.)

2,4-D: 74 detections of 2,4-D between Jan 2013 and Jan 2023. 0.24ug/L (max 14/12/14). 0.036ug/L (av.)

Ametryn: 17 detections of Ametryn between Jan 2012 and Jan 2023. 0.16ug/L (max 12/5/22). 0.04ug/L (av.)

Atrazine: 241 detections of Atrazine between Oct 2011 and Jan 2023. 1.7ug/L (max 24/11/13). 0.089ug/L (av.)

Bromacil: 2 detections of Bromacil in Jan 2023. 0.18ug/L (max 15/1/23). 0.1ug/L (av.)

Chlorpyrifos: 1 trace detection of Chlorpyrifos 21/1/19.

Diazinon: 11 detections of Diazinon (6 trace detections) between Jan 2017 and Jan 2019. 0.0002ug/L (max 6/2/17). 0.00005ug/L (av.)

Fluroxypur: 20 detections of Fluroxypur between Jan 2016 to Jan 2023. 0.33ug/L (max 18/1/23). 0.0512ug/L (av.)

Haloxyfop: 13 detections of Haloxyfop between Feb 2013 and Jan 2023. 0.02ug/L (max 18/1/23). 0.0039ug/L (av.)

Hexazinone: 23 detections of Hexazinone between Feb 2014 and May 2017. 0.002ug/L (max 20/2/14). 0.0008ug/L (av.)

Imazapic: 53 detections of Imazapic between Jan 2016 and Jan 2023. 0.06ug/L (max 30/12/21). 0.0115ug/L (av.)

Imidacloprid: 14 detections of Imidacloprid between Feb 2013 and Oct 2022. 0.08ug/L (max 14/12/14). 0.0203ug/L (av.)

Isoxaflutole: 34 detections of Isoxaflutole between Feb 2013 and Dec 2018. 0.05ug/L (max 20/2/13). 0.0088ug/L (av.)

MCPA: 52 detections of MCPA between Jul 2012 and Jan 2023. 0.01ug/L (max 13/7/12). 0.0197ug/L (av.)

Metolachlor: 142 detections of Metolachlor between Jan 2012 and Feb 2023. 0.86ug/L (max 27/10/20). 0.0356ug/L (av.)

Metsulfuron Methyl: 7 detections of Metsulfuron Methyl between Dec 2016 and May 2017. 0.0059ug/L (max 13/3/17). 0.0016ug/L (av.)

Metribuzin: 7 detections of Metribuzin between Dec 2016 and Jan 2021. 0.04ug/L (max 4/1/21). 0.0073ug/L (av.)

Simazine: 38 detections of Simazine between Mar 2013 and Jun 2017. 0.0089ug/L (max 27/1/17). 0.0046ug/L (av.)

Tebuthiuron: 396 detections of Tebuthiuron between Feb 2012 and Feb 2023. 1.7ug/L (max 29/1/22). 0.1079ug/L (av.)

Terbuthylazine: 67 detections of Terbuthylazine between Oct 2016 and Feb 2023. 0.06ug/L (max 28/4/22). 0.0114ug/L (av.)

Triclopyr: 19 detections of Triclopyr between Feb 2016 and Jan 2019. 0.06ug/L (max 12/1/19). 0.0068ug/L (av.)

Source: Pesticide Reporting Portal - Queensland Government. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/c0f0c6d7d88a4fd3a5541fe59f41ff75

Burdekin River at Home Hill

Ametryn 1.7kg, Total Atrazine 240kg, Diuron 29kg, Tebuthiuron 30kg

Land Use Yield

Ametryn (Sugarcane) 0.014 kg/km2

Atrazine (Cropping, Forestry & Sugarcane) 0.11kg/km2

Diuron (Cropping, Horticulture & Sugarcane) 0.02kg/km2

Tebuthiuron  (Grazing) 0.00025kg/km2

Source: Reef Water Quality Protection Plan. Total Suspended Solids, Nutrients & Pesticide Loads (2012-2013) for Rivers that Discharge to the Great Barrier Reef - Great Barrier Reef Catchment Loads Monitoring 2012-2013

https://www.reefplan.qld.gov.au/measuring-success/paddock-to-reef/assets/2012-2013-gbr-catchment-loads-technical-report.pdf

2011: Large Scale Pesticide Monitoring Across Great Barrier Reef Catchments - Paddock to Reef Integrated Monitoring, Modelling and Reporting Program, 3 pesticides detected in Burdekin River: Atrazine, Diuron, Tebuthiuron.

Burdekin River at Home Hill Inkerman Bridge

1289 pesticide detections between Oct 2011 and Feb 2023

Diuron: 58 detections of Diuron between Dec 2011 and Jan 2023. 0.53ug/L (max 30/12/21). 0.0407ug/L (av.)

2,4-D: 74 detections of 2,4-D between Jan 2013 and Jan 2023. 0.24ug/L (max 14/12/14). 0.036ug/L (av.)

Ametryn: 17 detections of Ametryn between Jan 2012 and Jan 2023. 0.16ug/L (max 12/5/22). 0.04ug/L (av.)

Atrazine: 241 detections of Atrazine between Oct 2011 and Jan 2023. 1.7ug/L (max 24/11/13). 0.089ug/L (av.)

Bromacil: 2 detections of Bromacil in Jan 2023. 0.18ug/L (max 15/1/23). 0.1ug/L (av.)

Chlorpyrifos: 1 trace detection of Chlorpyrifos 21/1/19.

Diazinon: 11 detections of Diazinon (6 trace detections) between Jan 2017 and Jan 2019. 0.0002ug/L (max 6/2/17). 0.00005ug/L (av.)

Fluroxypur: 20 detections of Fluroxypur between Jan 2016 to Jan 2023. 0.33ug/L (max 18/1/23). 0.0512ug/L (av.)

Haloxyfop: 13 detections of Haloxyfop between Feb 2013 and Jan 2023. 0.02ug/L (max 18/1/23). 0.0039ug/L (av.)

Hexazinone: 23 detections of Hexazinone between Feb 2014 and May 2017. 0.002ug/L (max 20/2/14). 0.0008ug/L (av.)

Imazapic: 53 detections of Imazapic between Jan 2016 and Jan 2023. 0.06ug/L (max 30/12/21). 0.0115ug/L (av.)

Imidacloprid: 14 detections of Imidacloprid between Feb 2013 and Oct 2022. 0.08ug/L (max 14/12/14). 0.0203ug/L (av.)

Isoxaflutole: 34 detections of Isoxaflutole between Feb 2013 and Dec 2018. 0.05ug/L (max 20/2/13). 0.0088ug/L (av.)

MCPA: 52 detections of MCPA between Jul 2012 and Jan 2023. 0.01ug/L (max 13/7/12). 0.0197ug/L (av.)

Metolachlor: 142 detections of Metolachlor between Jan 2012 and Feb 2023. 0.86ug/L (max 27/10/20). 0.0356ug/L (av.)

Metsulfuron Methyl: 7 detections of Metsulfuron Methyl between Dec 2016 and May 2017. 0.0059ug/L (max 13/3/17). 0.0016ug/L (av.)

Metribuzin: 7 detections of Metribuzin between Dec 2016 and Jan 2021. 0.04ug/L (max 4/1/21). 0.0073ug/L (av.)

Simazine: 38 detections of Simazine between Mar 2013 and Jun 2017. 0.0089ug/L (max 27/1/17). 0.0046ug/L (av.)

Tebuthiuron: 396 detections of Tebuthiuron between Feb 2012 and Feb 2023. 1.7ug/L (max 29/1/22). 0.1079ug/L (av.)

Terbuthylazine: 67 detections of Terbuthylazine between Oct 2016 and Feb 2023. 0.06ug/L (max 28/4/22). 0.0114ug/L (av.)

Triclopyr: 19 detections of Triclopyr between Feb 2016 and Jan 2019. 0.06ug/L (max 12/1/19). 0.0068ug/L (av.)

Source: Pesticide Reporting Portal – Queensland Government. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/c0f0c6d7d88a4fd3a5541fe59f41ff75

Burdekin River at Home Hill

Ametryn 1.7kg, Total Atrazine 240kg, Diuron 29kg, Tebuthiuron 30kg

Land Use Yield

Ametryn (Sugarcane) 0.014 kg/km2

Atrazine (Cropping, Forestry & Sugarcane) 0.11kg/km2

Diuron (Cropping, Horticulture & Sugarcane) 0.02kg/km2

Tebuthiuron  (Grazing) 0.00025kg/km2

Source: Reef Water Quality Protection Plan. Total Suspended Solids, Nutrients & Pesticide Loads (2012-2013) for Rivers that Discharge to the Great Barrier Reef – Great Barrier Reef Catchment Loads Monitoring 2012-2013

https://www.reefplan.qld.gov.au/measuring-success/paddock-to-reef/assets/2012-2013-gbr-catchment-loads-technical-report.pdf

2011: Large Scale Pesticide Monitoring Across Great Barrier Reef Catchments – Paddock to Reef Integrated Monitoring, Modelling and Reporting Program, 3 pesticides detected in Burdekin River: Atrazine, Diuron, Tebuthiuron.

2011/2022: Herbert River Ingham (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Herbert River at Ingham

2365 pesticide detections July 2011 and May 2022

Diuron: 405 detections of Diuron between Oct 2011 and May 2022. 1.48ug/L (max 22/1/13). 0.109ug/L (av.)

2,4-D: 287 detections of 2,4-D between Jul 2012 and May 2022. 0.95ug/L (max 14/3/22). 0.1022ug/L (av.)

Ametryn: 39 detections of Ametryn between Nov 2011 and Jan 2022. 0.08ug/L (max 29/12/20). 0.0129ug/L (av.)

Atrazine: 266 detections of Atrazine between Oct 2011 and Mar 2022. 2.8ug/L (max 24/12/18). 0.112ug/L (av.)

Bromacil: 16 detections of Bromacil between Dec 2016 and May 2022. 0.15ug/L (max 29/12/20). 0.0563ug/L (av.)

Chlorpyrifos: 1 trace detection of Chlorpyrifos detected 1/1/22.

Diazinon: 14 detections of Diazinon between Dec 2016 and Apr 2022. 0.001ugL (max 18/5/17). 0.0002ug/L (av.)

Fluroxypur: 190 detections of Fluroxypur between Jan 2012 and May 2022. 0.094ug/L (max 23/2/20). 0.1306ug/L (av.)

Haloxyfop: 30 detections of Haloxyfop between Mar 2016 and Feb 2022. 0.09ug/L (max 11/1/19). 0.0153ug/L (av.)

Hexazinone: 341 detections of Hexazinone between Nov 2011 and Apr 2022. 0.43ug/L (max 14/12/16). 0.0512ug/L (av.)

Imazapic: 84 detections of Imazapic between Aug 2015 and Apr 2022. 0.17ug/L (max 25/8/15). 0.0128ug/L

Imidacloprid: 321 detections of Imidacloprid between Dec 2012 and May 2022. 1.9ug/L (max 17/11/21). 0.1007ug/L (av.)

Isoxaflutole: 27 detections of Isoxaflutole between Dec 2016 and Jan 2022. 0.04ug/L (max 28/1/22). 0.0054ug/L (av.)

MCPA: 73 detections of MCPA between Dec 2016 and May 2022. 0.6ug/L (max 16/2/22). 0.0502ug/L (av.)

Metolachlor: 147 detections of Metolachlor between Nov 2011 and March 2022. 0.72ug/L (max 14/12/16). 0.057ug/L (av.)

Metsulfuron Methyl: 12 detections of Metsulfuron Methyl between Feb 2013 and May 2017. 0.03ug/L (max 15/2/13). 0.0041ug/L (av.)

Metribuzin: 15 detections of Metribuzin between Mar 2016 and Oct 2017. 0.05ug/L (max 19/10/17). 0.014ug/L (av.)

Pendimethalin: 1 detection of Pendimethalin 17/11/21 0.03ug/L

Prometryn: 12 detections of Prometryn between Dec 2016 and Jan 2022. 0.03ug/L (max 2/1/22). 0.0028ug/L (av.)

Simazine: 26 detections of Simazine between Nov 2016 and Apr 2021. 0.9ug/L (max 19/5/17). 0.0581ug/L (av.)

Tebuthiuron: 44 detections of Tebuthiuron between Dec 2016 and Mar 2022. 0.02ug/L (max 11/3/22). 0.0059ug/L (av.)

Terbuthylazine: 4 detections of Terbuthylazine between Dec 2020 and Feb 2022. 0.06ug/L (max 17/11/21). 0.0325ug/L (av.)

Triclopyr: 10 detections of Triclopyr between Mar 2017 and Dec 2021. 0.56ug/L (max 9/3/20). 0.0754ug/L (av.)

Source: Pesticide Reporting Portal - Queensland Government. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/c0f0c6d7d88a4fd3a5541fe59f41ff75

Herbert  River at Ingham

Ametryn 7.8kg, Total Atrazine 120kg, Diuron 270kg, Hexazinone 81kg

Land Use Yield

Ametryn (Sugarcane) 0.032 kg/km2

Atrazine (Cropping, Forestry & Sugarcane) 0.18kg/km2

Diuron (Cropping, Horticulture & Sugarcane) 0.98kg/km2

Hexazinone (Forestry, Grazing & Sugarcane) 0.014kg/km2

Source: Reef Water Quality Protection Plan. Total Suspended Solids, Nutrients & Pesticide Loads (2012-2013) for Rivers that Discharge to the Great Barrier Reef - Great Barrier Reef Catchment Loads Monitoring 2012-2013

https://www.reefplan.qld.gov.au/measuring-success/paddock-to-reef/assets/2012-2013-gbr-catchment-loads-technical-report.pdf

An evaluation of the prevalence of alternate pesticides of environmental concern in Great Barrier Reef catchments: RP57C 2014
Rachael A Smith, Ryan Turner, Susi Vardy, Rae Huggins, Rohan Wallace, Michael St.J. Warne
Water Quality and Investigations, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Sciences, Science Division, Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts.

Herbert River at Ingham

Pesticides: Ametryn, Atrazine, Diuron, Hexazinone, Metsulfuron Methyl, 2,4-D, Triclopyr, Metolachlor

Herbert River at Ingham

2365 pesticide detections July 2011 and May 2022

Diuron: 405 detections of Diuron between Oct 2011 and May 2022. 1.48ug/L (max 22/1/13). 0.109ug/L (av.)

2,4-D: 287 detections of 2,4-D between Jul 2012 and May 2022. 0.95ug/L (max 14/3/22). 0.1022ug/L (av.)

Ametryn: 39 detections of Ametryn between Nov 2011 and Jan 2022. 0.08ug/L (max 29/12/20). 0.0129ug/L (av.)

Atrazine: 266 detections of Atrazine between Oct 2011 and Mar 2022. 2.8ug/L (max 24/12/18). 0.112ug/L (av.)

Bromacil: 16 detections of Bromacil between Dec 2016 and May 2022. 0.15ug/L (max 29/12/20). 0.0563ug/L (av.)

Chlorpyrifos: 1 trace detection of Chlorpyrifos detected 1/1/22.

Diazinon: 14 detections of Diazinon between Dec 2016 and Apr 2022. 0.001ugL (max 18/5/17). 0.0002ug/L (av.)

Fluroxypur: 190 detections of Fluroxypur between Jan 2012 and May 2022. 0.094ug/L (max 23/2/20). 0.1306ug/L (av.)

Haloxyfop: 30 detections of Haloxyfop between Mar 2016 and Feb 2022. 0.09ug/L (max 11/1/19). 0.0153ug/L (av.)

Hexazinone: 341 detections of Hexazinone between Nov 2011 and Apr 2022. 0.43ug/L (max 14/12/16). 0.0512ug/L (av.)

Imazapic: 84 detections of Imazapic between Aug 2015 and Apr 2022. 0.17ug/L (max 25/8/15). 0.0128ug/L

Imidacloprid: 321 detections of Imidacloprid between Dec 2012 and May 2022. 1.9ug/L (max 17/11/21). 0.1007ug/L (av.)

Isoxaflutole: 27 detections of Isoxaflutole between Dec 2016 and Jan 2022. 0.04ug/L (max 28/1/22). 0.0054ug/L (av.)

MCPA: 73 detections of MCPA between Dec 2016 and May 2022. 0.6ug/L (max 16/2/22). 0.0502ug/L (av.)

Metolachlor: 147 detections of Metolachlor between Nov 2011 and March 2022. 0.72ug/L (max 14/12/16). 0.057ug/L (av.)

Metsulfuron Methyl: 12 detections of Metsulfuron Methyl between Feb 2013 and May 2017. 0.03ug/L (max 15/2/13). 0.0041ug/L (av.)

Metribuzin: 15 detections of Metribuzin between Mar 2016 and Oct 2017. 0.05ug/L (max 19/10/17). 0.014ug/L (av.)

Pendimethalin: 1 detection of Pendimethalin 17/11/21 0.03ug/L

Prometryn: 12 detections of Prometryn between Dec 2016 and Jan 2022. 0.03ug/L (max 2/1/22). 0.0028ug/L (av.)

Simazine: 26 detections of Simazine between Nov 2016 and Apr 2021. 0.9ug/L (max 19/5/17). 0.0581ug/L (av.)

Tebuthiuron: 44 detections of Tebuthiuron between Dec 2016 and Mar 2022. 0.02ug/L (max 11/3/22). 0.0059ug/L (av.)

Terbuthylazine: 4 detections of Terbuthylazine between Dec 2020 and Feb 2022. 0.06ug/L (max 17/11/21). 0.0325ug/L (av.)

Triclopyr: 10 detections of Triclopyr between Mar 2017 and Dec 2021. 0.56ug/L (max 9/3/20). 0.0754ug/L (av.)

Source: Pesticide Reporting Portal – Queensland Government. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/c0f0c6d7d88a4fd3a5541fe59f41ff75

Herbert  River at Ingham

Ametryn 7.8kg, Total Atrazine 120kg, Diuron 270kg, Hexazinone 81kg

Land Use Yield

Ametryn (Sugarcane) 0.032 kg/km2

Atrazine (Cropping, Forestry & Sugarcane) 0.18kg/km2

Diuron (Cropping, Horticulture & Sugarcane) 0.98kg/km2

Hexazinone (Forestry, Grazing & Sugarcane) 0.014kg/km2

Source: Reef Water Quality Protection Plan. Total Suspended Solids, Nutrients & Pesticide Loads (2012-2013) for Rivers that Discharge to the Great Barrier Reef – Great Barrier Reef Catchment Loads Monitoring 2012-2013

https://www.reefplan.qld.gov.au/measuring-success/paddock-to-reef/assets/2012-2013-gbr-catchment-loads-technical-report.pdf

An evaluation of the prevalence of alternate pesticides of environmental concern in Great Barrier Reef catchments: RP57C 2014
Rachael A Smith, Ryan Turner, Susi Vardy, Rae Huggins, Rohan Wallace, Michael St.J. Warne
Water Quality and Investigations, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Sciences, Science Division, Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts.

Herbert River at Ingham

Pesticides: Ametryn, Atrazine, Diuron, Hexazinone, Metsulfuron Methyl, 2,4-D, Triclopyr, Metolachlor

2011-2023: Tully River at Euramo (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Tully River at Euramo

5077 pesticide detections Feb 2011 and Mar 2023

Diuron: 857 detections of Diuron between Feb 2011 and Feb 2023. 1.9ug/L (max 29/1/23). 0.1599ug/L (av.)

2,4-D: 580 detections of 2,4-D between Jul 2012 and Feb 2023. 1.1ug/L (max 5/2/18). 0.0896ug/L (av.)

Ametryn: 8 detections of Ametryn between Nov 2011 and Jun 2020. 0.08ug/L (max 25/11/11). 0.0387ug/L (av.)

Atrazine: 700 detections of Atrazine between Feb 2011 and Feb 2023. 1.4ug/L (max 31/1/17). 0.105ug/L (av.)

Bromacil: 1 detection of Bromacil 27/11/21 0.01ug/L

Chlorpyrifos: 1 trace detection of Chlorpyrifos 28/4/21

Diazinon: 33 detections of Diazinon between Jan 2017 and Apr 2020. 0.14ug/L (max 22/2/18). 0.0083ug/L (av.)

Fluroxypur: 98 detections of Fluroxypur between Feb 2015 and Feb 2023. 0.26ug/L (max 11/3/15). 0.043ug/L (av.)

Haloxyfop: 92 detections of Haloxyfop between Jan 2013 and Feb 2023. 0.2ug/L (max 3/3/16). 0.0228ug/L (av.)

Hexazinone: 812 detections of Hexazinone between Feb 2011 and Feb 2023. 0.65ug/L (max 29/1/23). 0.073ug/L (av.)

Imazapic: 264 detections of Imazapic between Dec 2015 and Dec 2022. 0.15ug/L (max 1/9/21). 0.0218ug/L (av.)

Imidacloprid: 912 detections of Imidacloprid between Jan 2012 and Feb 2023. 0.45ug/L (max 19/10/17). 0.0842ug/L (av.)

Isoxaflutole: 50 detections of Isoxaflutole between Jan 2013 and Dec 2022. 0.18ug/L (max 28/8/22). 0.0247ug/L (av.)

MCPA: 15 detections of MCPA between Sep 2016 and Jan 2023. 1.3ug/L (max 31/1/17). 0.118ug/L (av.)

Metolachlor: 257 detections of Metolachlor between Nov 2011 and Feb 2023. 0.26ug/L (max 27/1/14). 0.0292ug/L (av.)

Metsulfuron Methyl: 61 detections of Metsulfuron Methyl between Mar 2013 and Feb 2018. 0.1ug/L (max 5/4/17). 0.0104ug/L (av.)

Metribuzin: 215 detections of Metribuzin between Dec 12 and Dec 22. 0.77ug/L (max 22/11/17). 0.0606ug/L (av.)

Pendimethalin: 1 detection of Pendimethalin 10/11/17. 0.02ug/L

Simazine: 30 detections of Simazine between Nov 2011 and Feb 2020. 0.084ug/L (max 14/6/16). 0.0185ug/L (av.)

Tebuthiuron: 3 detections of Tebuthiuron between Jun 2012 and Mar 2020. 0.048ug/L (1/6/12). 0.0227ug/L (av.)

Terbuthylazine: 9 detections of Terbuthylazine between Feb 2021 and Dec 2022. 0.04ug/L (max 10/12/21). 0.02ug/L (av.)

Triclopyr: 68 detections of Triclopyr between Jul 2012 and Feb 2020. 0.2ug/L (max 25/2/20). 0.0331ug/L (av.)

Source: Pesticide Reporting Portal - Queensland Government. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/c0f0c6d7d88a4fd3a5541fe59f41ff75

Tully River at Euramo

Ametryn 10kg, Total Atrazine 190kg, Diuron 570kg, Hexazinone 130kg

Land Use Yield

Ametryn (Sugarcane) 0.067 kg/km2

Atrazine (Cropping, Forestry & Sugarcane) 1kg/km2

Diuron (Cropping, Horticulture & Sugarcane) 2.7kg/km2

Hexazinone (Forestry, Grazing & Sugarcane) 0.49kg/km2

Source: Reef Water Quality Protection Plan. Total Suspended Solids, Nutrients & Pesticide Loads (2012-2013) for Rivers that Discharge to the Great Barrier Reef - Great Barrier Reef Catchment Loads Monitoring 2012-2013

https://www.reefplan.qld.gov.au/measuring-success/paddock-to-reef/assets/2012-2013-gbr-catchment-loads-technical-report.pdf

An evaluation of the prevalence of alternate pesticides of environmental concern in Great Barrier Reef catchments: RP57C 2014
Rachael A Smith, Ryan Turner, Susi Vardy, Rae Huggins, Rohan Wallace, Michael St.J. Warne
Water Quality and Investigations, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Sciences, Science Division, Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts.

Tully River at Euramo

Pesticides: Ametryn, Atrazine, Diuron, Hexazinone, Metsulfuron Methyl, 2,4-D, Triclopyr, Haloxyfop, Isoxaflutole, Bromacil, Metribuzin, Simazine, Metolachlor

Tully River at Euramo

5077 pesticide detections Feb 2011 and Mar 2023

Diuron: 857 detections of Diuron between Feb 2011 and Feb 2023. 1.9ug/L (max 29/1/23). 0.1599ug/L (av.)

2,4-D: 580 detections of 2,4-D between Jul 2012 and Feb 2023. 1.1ug/L (max 5/2/18). 0.0896ug/L (av.)

Ametryn: 8 detections of Ametryn between Nov 2011 and Jun 2020. 0.08ug/L (max 25/11/11). 0.0387ug/L (av.)

Atrazine: 700 detections of Atrazine between Feb 2011 and Feb 2023. 1.4ug/L (max 31/1/17). 0.105ug/L (av.)

Bromacil: 1 detection of Bromacil 27/11/21 0.01ug/L

Chlorpyrifos: 1 trace detection of Chlorpyrifos 28/4/21

Diazinon: 33 detections of Diazinon between Jan 2017 and Apr 2020. 0.14ug/L (max 22/2/18). 0.0083ug/L (av.)

Fluroxypur: 98 detections of Fluroxypur between Feb 2015 and Feb 2023. 0.26ug/L (max 11/3/15). 0.043ug/L (av.)

Haloxyfop: 92 detections of Haloxyfop between Jan 2013 and Feb 2023. 0.2ug/L (max 3/3/16). 0.0228ug/L (av.)

Hexazinone: 812 detections of Hexazinone between Feb 2011 and Feb 2023. 0.65ug/L (max 29/1/23). 0.073ug/L (av.)

Imazapic: 264 detections of Imazapic between Dec 2015 and Dec 2022. 0.15ug/L (max 1/9/21). 0.0218ug/L (av.)

Imidacloprid: 912 detections of Imidacloprid between Jan 2012 and Feb 2023. 0.45ug/L (max 19/10/17). 0.0842ug/L (av.)

Isoxaflutole: 50 detections of Isoxaflutole between Jan 2013 and Dec 2022. 0.18ug/L (max 28/8/22). 0.0247ug/L (av.)

MCPA: 15 detections of MCPA between Sep 2016 and Jan 2023. 1.3ug/L (max 31/1/17). 0.118ug/L (av.)

Metolachlor: 257 detections of Metolachlor between Nov 2011 and Feb 2023. 0.26ug/L (max 27/1/14). 0.0292ug/L (av.)

Metsulfuron Methyl: 61 detections of Metsulfuron Methyl between Mar 2013 and Feb 2018. 0.1ug/L (max 5/4/17). 0.0104ug/L (av.)

Metribuzin: 215 detections of Metribuzin between Dec 12 and Dec 22. 0.77ug/L (max 22/11/17). 0.0606ug/L (av.)

Pendimethalin: 1 detection of Pendimethalin 10/11/17. 0.02ug/L

Simazine: 30 detections of Simazine between Nov 2011 and Feb 2020. 0.084ug/L (max 14/6/16). 0.0185ug/L (av.)

Tebuthiuron: 3 detections of Tebuthiuron between Jun 2012 and Mar 2020. 0.048ug/L (1/6/12). 0.0227ug/L (av.)

Terbuthylazine: 9 detections of Terbuthylazine between Feb 2021 and Dec 2022. 0.04ug/L (max 10/12/21). 0.02ug/L (av.)

Triclopyr: 68 detections of Triclopyr between Jul 2012 and Feb 2020. 0.2ug/L (max 25/2/20). 0.0331ug/L (av.)

Source: Pesticide Reporting Portal – Queensland Government. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/c0f0c6d7d88a4fd3a5541fe59f41ff75

Tully River at Euramo

Ametryn 10kg, Total Atrazine 190kg, Diuron 570kg, Hexazinone 130kg

Land Use Yield

Ametryn (Sugarcane) 0.067 kg/km2

Atrazine (Cropping, Forestry & Sugarcane) 1kg/km2

Diuron (Cropping, Horticulture & Sugarcane) 2.7kg/km2

Hexazinone (Forestry, Grazing & Sugarcane) 0.49kg/km2

Source: Reef Water Quality Protection Plan. Total Suspended Solids, Nutrients & Pesticide Loads (2012-2013) for Rivers that Discharge to the Great Barrier Reef – Great Barrier Reef Catchment Loads Monitoring 2012-2013

https://www.reefplan.qld.gov.au/measuring-success/paddock-to-reef/assets/2012-2013-gbr-catchment-loads-technical-report.pdf

An evaluation of the prevalence of alternate pesticides of environmental concern in Great Barrier Reef catchments: RP57C 2014
Rachael A Smith, Ryan Turner, Susi Vardy, Rae Huggins, Rohan Wallace, Michael St.J. Warne
Water Quality and Investigations, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Sciences, Science Division, Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts.

Tully River at Euramo

Pesticides: Ametryn, Atrazine, Diuron, Hexazinone, Metsulfuron Methyl, 2,4-D, Triclopyr, Haloxyfop, Isoxaflutole, Bromacil, Metribuzin, Simazine, Metolachlor

2015 December: Childers Road Bundaberg. Pesticide: 2,4-D?

Opinion

LETTER: Why spray chemicals everywhere?

29th Dec 2015 Bundaberg News Mail

 

MY QUESTION is, why do they do it?

With reckless abandon. Anywhere and everywhere. By the tank-fulls. Sloshed here, sloshed there.

Like dogs round a lamp post, it's got to be done.

What am I talking about?

The spraying of chemicals by councils and contractors, of course.

Utterly oblivious to the angst, worry, concern they cause to those who maybe downwind of the stink that spreads from the spray from the waving wands and booms held with gay abandon by those who "are only doing their job".

Recently I was woken by the bedroom suddenly filling with chemical spray drift.

Horribly, nose-stinging strong. I leapt out of bed, fearing the worst, having bad experiences with spray drift before.

I slammed the window shut but the house was already full of it.

Driving out onto our stretch of Childers Rd, it all was clear. For right along our 220m frontage, all the roadside grass had turned the yellow brown from being sprayed.

From the smell, it was not Glyphosphate/Roundup, which has little smell.

It must be something like 2-4D which lingers in the air for days and is a broadleaf weed killer.

It is vicious and scares the pants off me.

More so these days because 20 months ago I had my bladder and prostate removed because of an aggressive cancer.

Bladder cancer is attributed to "chemicals".

I now live by the three-monthly oncology test and wait another year to get over the three-year hump to be reasonably confident of lasting five.

So at 73 you can understand my contempt for those who consider bottom lines and budgets and efficiency, in front of community wellbeing and health and peace of mind.

N VENTERS Bundaberg

https://www.news-mail.com.au/news/chemical-spraysmy-question-is-why-do-they-do-it/2884350/

Opinion

LETTER: Why spray chemicals everywhere?

29th Dec 2015 Bundaberg News Mail

 

MY QUESTION is, why do they do it?

With reckless abandon. Anywhere and everywhere. By the tank-fulls. Sloshed here, sloshed there.

Like dogs round a lamp post, it’s got to be done.

What am I talking about?

The spraying of chemicals by councils and contractors, of course.

Utterly oblivious to the angst, worry, concern they cause to those who maybe downwind of the stink that spreads from the spray from the waving wands and booms held with gay abandon by those who “are only doing their job”.

Recently I was woken by the bedroom suddenly filling with chemical spray drift.

Horribly, nose-stinging strong. I leapt out of bed, fearing the worst, having bad experiences with spray drift before.

I slammed the window shut but the house was already full of it.

Driving out onto our stretch of Childers Rd, it all was clear. For right along our 220m frontage, all the roadside grass had turned the yellow brown from being sprayed.

From the smell, it was not Glyphosphate/Roundup, which has little smell.

It must be something like 2-4D which lingers in the air for days and is a broadleaf weed killer.

It is vicious and scares the pants off me.

More so these days because 20 months ago I had my bladder and prostate removed because of an aggressive cancer.

Bladder cancer is attributed to “chemicals”.

I now live by the three-monthly oncology test and wait another year to get over the three-year hump to be reasonably confident of lasting five.

So at 73 you can understand my contempt for those who consider bottom lines and budgets and efficiency, in front of community wellbeing and health and peace of mind.

N VENTERS Bundaberg

https://www.news-mail.com.au/news/chemical-spraysmy-question-is-why-do-they-do-it/2884350/

2013 June: Pesticides Damaging River Life

Pesticides damaging river life

• The Australian
• June 18, 2013

John Ross

Stream invertebrates such as dragonflies are being decimated by pesticides, a new study suggests. Image courtesy of Mikhail A Beketov. Source: Supplied

COMMON agricultural pesticides are killing off up to one-quarter of aquatic insects in Australia, with their absence attributed to more obvious environmental problems such as habitat loss.

German and Australian researchers have found that pesticides remove up to 42 per cent of the “stream invertebrate” species in Europe, damaging river health and robbing larger animals of food.

Their study, the first of its kind in the world, found pesticides caused wide scale species loss even when they were used legally. “Ecological risk assessment of pesticides falls short of protecting biodiversity,” they report today in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The Australian arm of the study focussed on Victoria’s Yarra Valley. It found that in areas with high levels of pesticides, there were no specimens from entire families of species.

Species groups were up to 27 per cent less prevalent in these areas compared to those with little or no pesticides, the researchers found.

Co-author Ben Kefford, of the University of Technology, Sydney, said regulations governing the use of pesticides were based on studies in laboratories or “semi-natural” settings such as simulated river sections. “They’re not doing any studies in the real world,” he said.

“And once the pesticide has been registered, nor are they doing any follow-up monitoring to see whether the assumptions behind their risk assessments are accurate.”

Dr Kefford said the species most affected included mayflies, stoneflies, cattus flies and dragonflies. He said aquatic invertebrates were an important food source for “fish, birds, platypus and the like” as well as being critical to the healthy functioning of streams.

“Some of them eat algae and stop rivers going green, and some contribute to the breakdown of terrestrial matter such as leaves and twigs.

“This is an area of species loss which is essentially being ignored. You can see habitat modification or invasive species just by looking. Pesticides are not something you can see with the naked eye. You have to do complex chemical analysis to work out what’s in the water.”

Dr Kefford said pesticides caused environmental harm in “pulses” when currents funnelled them into particular locations, raising concentration levels. The species most at risk were those that reproduced slowly or couldn’t relocate easily.

“If you’ve got a life cycle of a few weeks, even if your population is drastically reduced by pesticide contamination, the population can recover within a few months. But some organisms last six months, 12 months, even two years. Even if a very occasional pesticide pulse comes down, they will be most affected.”

He said pesticide regulations needed to be informed by real field studies, backed up by regular monitoring. “You could never monitor every creek, but you need some targeted studies where you check whether they are an issue.”

https://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/pesticides-damaging-river-life-study/story-e6frgcjx-1226665250259

Pesticides damaging river life

• The Australian
• June 18, 2013

John Ross

Stream invertebrates such as dragonflies are being decimated by pesticides, a new study suggests. Image courtesy of Mikhail A Beketov. Source: Supplied

COMMON agricultural pesticides are killing off up to one-quarter of aquatic insects in Australia, with their absence attributed to more obvious environmental problems such as habitat loss.

German and Australian researchers have found that pesticides remove up to 42 per cent of the “stream invertebrate” species in Europe, damaging river health and robbing larger animals of food.

Their study, the first of its kind in the world, found pesticides caused wide scale species loss even when they were used legally. “Ecological risk assessment of pesticides falls short of protecting biodiversity,” they report today in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The Australian arm of the study focussed on Victoria’s Yarra Valley. It found that in areas with high levels of pesticides, there were no specimens from entire families of species.

Species groups were up to 27 per cent less prevalent in these areas compared to those with little or no pesticides, the researchers found.

Co-author Ben Kefford, of the University of Technology, Sydney, said regulations governing the use of pesticides were based on studies in laboratories or “semi-natural” settings such as simulated river sections. “They’re not doing any studies in the real world,” he said.

“And once the pesticide has been registered, nor are they doing any follow-up monitoring to see whether the assumptions behind their risk assessments are accurate.”

Dr Kefford said the species most affected included mayflies, stoneflies, cattus flies and dragonflies. He said aquatic invertebrates were an important food source for “fish, birds, platypus and the like” as well as being critical to the healthy functioning of streams.

“Some of them eat algae and stop rivers going green, and some contribute to the breakdown of terrestrial matter such as leaves and twigs.

“This is an area of species loss which is essentially being ignored. You can see habitat modification or invasive species just by looking. Pesticides are not something you can see with the naked eye. You have to do complex chemical analysis to work out what’s in the water.”

Dr Kefford said pesticides caused environmental harm in “pulses” when currents funnelled them into particular locations, raising concentration levels. The species most at risk were those that reproduced slowly or couldn’t relocate easily.

“If you’ve got a life cycle of a few weeks, even if your population is drastically reduced by pesticide contamination, the population can recover within a few months. But some organisms last six months, 12 months, even two years. Even if a very occasional pesticide pulse comes down, they will be most affected.”

He said pesticide regulations needed to be informed by real field studies, backed up by regular monitoring. “You could never monitor every creek, but you need some targeted studies where you check whether they are an issue.”

https://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/pesticides-damaging-river-life-study/story-e6frgcjx-1226665250259

2013 February: Wianamatta Creek Sydney. Pesticides: Acetamiprid, Clothiandin, Imacloprid

Wianamatta Creek Site 12 (mixed farms, residential upstream): 7/2/13: Acetamiprid 0.05ug/L,  Clothiandin 0.06ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.07ug/L

Source: Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters - Development of a passive
sampler for three commonly used insecticides ARTICLE in CHEMOSPHERE · FEBRUARY 2014

Impact Factor: 3.5 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051 · Source: PubMed. Francisco Sanchez-Bayo University of Sydney, Ross V Hyne Office of Environment and Heritage

Wianamatta Creek Site 12 (mixed farms, residential upstream): 7/2/13: Acetamiprid 0.05ug/L,  Clothiandin 0.06ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.07ug/L

Source: Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters – Development of a passive
sampler for three commonly used insecticides ARTICLE in CHEMOSPHERE · FEBRUARY 2014

Impact Factor: 3.5 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051 · Source: PubMed. Francisco Sanchez-Bayo University of Sydney, Ross V Hyne Office of Environment and Heritage

2013 February: Badgery’s Creek Sydney. Pesticides: Acetamiprid, Imidacloprid, Thiacloprid

Badgery's Creek Site 10 (mixed farms): 7/2/13: Acetamiprid 0.38ug/L,  Imidacloprid 0.74ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.18ug/L

Source: Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters - Development of a passive
sampler for three commonly used insecticides ARTICLE in CHEMOSPHERE · FEBRUARY 2014

Impact Factor: 3.5 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051 · Source: PubMed. Francisco Sanchez-Bayo University of Sydney, Ross V Hyne Office of Environment and Heritage

Badgery’s Creek Site 10 (mixed farms): 7/2/13: Acetamiprid 0.38ug/L,  Imidacloprid 0.74ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.18ug/L

Source: Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters – Development of a passive
sampler for three commonly used insecticides ARTICLE in CHEMOSPHERE · FEBRUARY 2014

Impact Factor: 3.5 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051 · Source: PubMed. Francisco Sanchez-Bayo University of Sydney, Ross V Hyne Office of Environment and Heritage

2013 February: Kemps Creek Sydney. Pesticide: Imidacloprid

Kemps Creek (glasshouse farms): 7/2/13: Imidacloprid 0.21ug/L

Source: Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters - Development of a passive
sampler for three commonly used insecticides ARTICLE in CHEMOSPHERE · FEBRUARY 2014

Impact Factor: 3.5 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051 · Source: PubMed. Francisco Sanchez-Bayo University of Sydney, Ross V Hyne Office of Environment and Heritage

Kemps Creek (glasshouse farms): 7/2/13: Imidacloprid 0.21ug/L

Source: Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters – Development of a passive
sampler for three commonly used insecticides ARTICLE in CHEMOSPHERE · FEBRUARY 2014

Impact Factor: 3.5 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051 · Source: PubMed. Francisco Sanchez-Bayo University of Sydney, Ross V Hyne Office of Environment and Heritage

2013 January: Cosgrove Creek Sydney. Pesticides: Neonicotinoids

Cosgrove Creek Site 7 (golf course): 29/1/13: Acetamiprid 0.03ug/L, Clothiandin 0.02ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.12ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.07ug/L

Source: Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters - Development of a passive sampler for three commonly used insecticides ARTICLE in CHEMOSPHERE · FEBRUARY 2014

Impact Factor: 3.5 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051 · Source: PubMed. Francisco Sanchez-Bayo University of Sydney, Ross V Hyne Office of Environment and Heritage

Cosgrove Creek Site 7 (golf course): 29/1/13: Acetamiprid 0.03ug/L, Clothiandin 0.02ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.12ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.07ug/L

Source: Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters – Development of a passive
sampler for three commonly used insecticides ARTICLE in CHEMOSPHERE · FEBRUARY 2014

Impact Factor: 3.5 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051 · Source: PubMed. Francisco Sanchez-Bayo University of Sydney, Ross V Hyne Office of Environment and Heritage

2013 January – February: Nepean River Sydney. Pesticides: Neonicotinoids

Nepean River Site 5 (farms upstream): 29/1/13: Acetamiprid 0.02ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.17ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.13ug/L

Nepean River Site 5 (farms upstream): 7/2/13: Acetamiprid 0.12ug/L, Clothiandin 0.02ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.02ug/L

Nepean River Site 6 (experimental farms): 29/1/13: Acetamiprid 0.03ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.04ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.06ug/L

Source: Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters - Development of a passive
sampler for three commonly used insecticides ARTICLE in CHEMOSPHERE · FEBRUARY 2014

Impact Factor: 3.5 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051 · Source: PubMed. Francisco Sanchez-Bayo University of Sydney, Ross V Hyne Office of Environment and Heritage

Nepean River Site 5 (farms upstream): 29/1/13: Acetamiprid 0.02ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.17ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.13ug/L

Nepean River Site 5 (farms upstream): 7/2/13: Acetamiprid 0.12ug/L, Clothiandin 0.02ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.02ug/L

Nepean River Site 6 (experimental farms): 29/1/13: Acetamiprid 0.03ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.04ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.06ug/L

Source: Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters – Development of a passive
sampler for three commonly used insecticides ARTICLE in CHEMOSPHERE · FEBRUARY 2014

Impact Factor: 3.5 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051 · Source: PubMed. Francisco Sanchez-Bayo University of Sydney, Ross V Hyne Office of Environment and Heritage

2013 January – February: Yarramundi Lagoon Sydney. Pesticides: Imidacloprid, Thiacloprid

Yarramundi Lagoon (inlet) Site 4 (turf farm): 29/1/13:  Imidacloprid 0.24ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.15ug/L

Yarramundi Lagoon (outlet) Site 11 (turf farm): 7/2/13:  Imidacloprid 4.56ug/L, Thiacloprid 1.37ug/L

Source: Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters - Development of a passive sampler for three commonly used insecticides ARTICLE in CHEMOSPHERE · FEBRUARY 2014

Impact Factor: 3.5 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051 · Source: PubMed. Francisco Sanchez-Bayo University of Sydney, Ross V Hyne Office of Environment and Heritage

Yarramundi Lagoon (inlet) Site 4 (turf farm): 29/1/13:  Imidacloprid 0.24ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.15ug/L

Yarramundi Lagoon (outlet) Site 11 (turf farm): 7/2/13:  Imidacloprid 4.56ug/L, Thiacloprid 1.37ug/L

Source: Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters – Development of a passive
sampler for three commonly used insecticides ARTICLE in CHEMOSPHERE · FEBRUARY 2014

Impact Factor: 3.5 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051 · Source: PubMed. Francisco Sanchez-Bayo University of Sydney, Ross V Hyne Office of Environment and Heritage

2013 January – February: South Creek Sydney. Pesticides: Neonicotinoids.

South Creek Site 3 (farms residential upstream): 29/1/13: Acetamiprid 0.1ug/L, Clothiandin 0.04ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.2ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.35ug/L

South Creek Site 8 (downstream mixed farms): 29/1/13: Acetamiprid 0.02ug/L, Clothiandin 0.12ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.17ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.07ug/L, Thiamethoxam 0.04ug/L

South Creek Site 8 (downstream mixed farms): 7/2/13: Acetamiprid 0.11ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.07ug/L

Source: Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters - Development of a passive
sampler for three commonly used insecticides ARTICLE in CHEMOSPHERE · FEBRUARY 2014

Impact Factor: 3.5 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051 · Source: PubMed. Francisco Sanchez-Bayo University of Sydney, Ross V Hyne Office of Environment and Heritage

South Creek Site 3 (farms residential upstream): 29/1/13: Acetamiprid 0.1ug/L, Clothiandin 0.04ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.2ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.35ug/L

South Creek Site 8 (downstream mixed farms): 29/1/13: Acetamiprid 0.02ug/L, Clothiandin 0.12ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.17ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.07ug/L, Thiamethoxam 0.04ug/L

South Creek Site 8 (downstream mixed farms): 7/2/13: Acetamiprid 0.11ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.07ug/L

Source: Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters – Development of a passive
sampler for three commonly used insecticides ARTICLE in CHEMOSPHERE · FEBRUARY 2014

Impact Factor: 3.5 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051 · Source: PubMed. Francisco Sanchez-Bayo University of Sydney, Ross V Hyne Office of Environment and Heritage

2013 January: Bell Creek Sydney. Pesticides: Neonicotinoids.

Bell Creek (downstream orchards): 29/1/13: Clothiandin 0.09ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.05ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.12ug/L, Thiamethoxam 0.08ug/L

Source: Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters - Development of a passive
sampler for three commonly used insecticides ARTICLE in CHEMOSPHERE · FEBRUARY 2014

Impact Factor: 3.5 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051 · Source: PubMed. Francisco Sanchez-Bayo University of Sydney, Ross V Hyne Office of Environment and Heritage

Bell Creek (downstream orchards): 29/1/13: Clothiandin 0.09ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.05ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.12ug/L, Thiamethoxam 0.08ug/L

Source: Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters – Development of a passive
sampler for three commonly used insecticides ARTICLE in CHEMOSPHERE · FEBRUARY 2014

Impact Factor: 3.5 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051 · Source: PubMed. Francisco Sanchez-Bayo University of Sydney, Ross V Hyne Office of Environment and Heritage

2013 January – February. Eastern Creek Sydney. Pesticides: Neonicotinoids.

Eastern Creek Site 1 (downstream a residential park): 29/1/13: Acetamiprid 0.19ug/L, Clothiandin 0.11ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.32ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.4ug/L, Thiamethoxam 0.17ug/L

Eastern Creek Site 13 (downstream orchards): 7/2/13: Acetamiprid 0.37ug/L, Clothiandin 0.42ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.42ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.16ug/L, Thiamethoxam 0.2ug/L

Source: Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters - Development of a passive
sampler for three commonly used insecticides ARTICLE in CHEMOSPHERE · FEBRUARY 2014

Impact Factor: 3.5 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051 · Source: PubMed. Francisco Sanchez-Bayo University of Sydney, Ross V Hyne Office of Environment and Heritage

Eastern Creek Site 1 (downstream a residential park): 29/1/13: Acetamiprid 0.19ug/L, Clothiandin 0.11ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.32ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.4ug/L, Thiamethoxam 0.17ug/L

Eastern Creek Site 13 (downstream orchards): 7/2/13: Acetamiprid 0.37ug/L, Clothiandin 0.42ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.42ug/L, Thiacloprid 0.16ug/L, Thiamethoxam 0.2ug/L

Source: Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters – Development of a passive
sampler for three commonly used insecticides ARTICLE in CHEMOSPHERE · FEBRUARY 2014

Impact Factor: 3.5 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051 · Source: PubMed. Francisco Sanchez-Bayo University of Sydney, Ross V Hyne Office of Environment and Heritage

2015 November: Redcliffe (Qld) Toxic Flea Powder. Pesticide: Pyrethrin

Coles and Woolworths under fire for selling toxic flea spray for pets

November 17, 2015

No cat enjoys a flea treatment, but for Sasha (pictured, left) it was a brush with death.

 

ANGRY pet owners have called on Coles and Woolworths to stop stocking a brand of flea spray which is potentially lethal to cats.

Exelpet Fleaban, a flea spray for cats and dogs, contains pyrethrins, an insecticidal substance produced from the Chrysanthemum cineraiaefolium flower that is toxic to cats at high concentrations.

Chris Chambel says his 10-month-old cat Sasha started “foaming at the mouth” just seconds after he applied Exelpet. He only found out from his vet afterwards that pyrethrins can be highly toxic to cats in high doses.

“It was almost immediate,” he said. “We noticed drooling at first but then it turned into an excessive amount of frothing. He was restless, shaking, refusing to eat or drink for a 30-hour period.”

The 21-year-old from Redcliffe in Queensland was angry there were no warnings on the bottle. “It’s generally only bad for cats in excessive amounts, but the bottle doesn’t say how much you’re supposed to put on,” he said.

“The vet didn’t seem too surprised, he said it was not that uncommon. If he had started seizuring, as some cats do, it could have caused brain injuries. He said the best thing to do was bathe him and try to get as much off as possible.”

According to the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority, there are nearly 200 products containing pyrethrins registered for use in Australia, of which around 50 are registered for use on cats.

Flea treatment products registered for use in dogs generally contain high concentrations of permethrin at 400-650 g/L, and so are considered highly toxic to cats. Exelpet Fleaban contains 1.8 g/L of pyrethrins.

“The pyrethrin-containing products formulated as sprays or powders contain a much lower concentration of active constituent (1.8 g/L for spray products and between 1.0 and 2.5 g/kg for powder products) which means the potential for exposure to toxic amounts of pyrethrins is very low,” the APVMA says on its website.

https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/coles-and-woolworths-under-fire-for-selling-toxic-flea-spray-for-pets/news-story/303a9f71b968ea487b8f2a35088f241c

Coles and Woolworths under fire for selling toxic flea spray for pets

November 17, 2015

No cat enjoys a flea treatment, but for Sasha (pictured, left) it was a brush with death.

ANGRY pet owners have called on Coles and Woolworths to stop stocking a brand of flea spray which is potentially lethal to cats.

Exelpet Fleaban, a flea spray for cats and dogs, contains pyrethrins, an insecticidal substance produced from the Chrysanthemum cineraiaefolium flower that is toxic to cats at high concentrations.

Chris Chambel says his 10-month-old cat Sasha started “foaming at the mouth” just seconds after he applied Exelpet. He only found out from his vet afterwards that pyrethrins can be highly toxic to cats in high doses.

“It was almost immediate,” he said. “We noticed drooling at first but then it turned into an excessive amount of frothing. He was restless, shaking, refusing to eat or drink for a 30-hour period.”

The 21-year-old from Redcliffe in Queensland was angry there were no warnings on the bottle. “It’s generally only bad for cats in excessive amounts, but the bottle doesn’t say how much you’re supposed to put on,” he said.

“The vet didn’t seem too surprised, he said it was not that uncommon. If he had started seizuring, as some cats do, it could have caused brain injuries. He said the best thing to do was bathe him and try to get as much off as possible.”

According to the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority, there are nearly 200 products containing pyrethrins registered for use in Australia, of which around 50 are registered for use on cats.

Flea treatment products registered for use in dogs generally contain high concentrations of permethrin at 400-650 g/L, and so are considered highly toxic to cats. Exelpet Fleaban contains 1.8 g/L of pyrethrins.

“The pyrethrin-containing products formulated as sprays or powders contain a much lower concentration of active constituent (1.8 g/L for spray products and between 1.0 and 2.5 g/kg for powder products) which means the potential for exposure to toxic amounts of pyrethrins is very low,” the APVMA says on its website.

https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/coles-and-woolworths-under-fire-for-selling-toxic-flea-spray-for-pets/news-story/303a9f71b968ea487b8f2a35088f241c

2015 September: Gympie Spray Drift from Queensland Rail

Poisonous draft threatens surrounding properties

26th Sep 2015

 

 

Gympie Times

 

 

A PLANNED luncheon in the spring sunshine turned into a poisonous nightmare for long-time Theebine residents Graeme and Dolly Jensen this week.

Dolly and Graeme were expecting visitors and setting the lunch table up in their backyard in the late morning on Thursday when two trucks pulled up near their home.

The main rail line north runs parallel to Theebine Rd, where the Jensens live, and there is a vacant block also owned by Queensland Rail nearby.

For as long as Dolly can remember, vegetation on that block has been controlled by slashing, but this year, QR has started spraying the block with poison instead.

The wind at Theebine was blowing a gale on Thursday, and Dolly says a flag in her backyard clearly showed the direction was towards their house from where the QR block is.

The poison was sprayed from a large spraying implement on the back of the trucks.

As soon as the spraying started, Dolly and Graeme, who were setting up for lunch under a tree in their yard, could smell the poison drift over them.

"They could see us setting up. I thought 'Jeez, they're not going to spray are they'?" Dolly said.

But they did.

"Straight away I copped a whiff and I was like 'oh no, you are joking."

Then Dolly's eyes started to water and her lips went numb.

Graham felt sick in his stomach.

"It looked like they were going to settle in until Graeme went over and roared it up them (pointing to the flag which showed which direction the wind was blowing). Neither of them had gloves or masks on."

The men then appeared to make a phone call before leaving.

Dolly's lips were still tingling yesterday morning - almost 24 hours later - as were the lips of her neighbour, who is battling cancer and receiving chemotherapy.

This is the second time the block has been sprayed. Last time, about three months ago, the Jensens weren't home, but days later they noticed the dead block and their own dead choko vine.

"I am concerned about them spraying poison on my stuff," said Dolly, who is proud of her organic vegetable garden.

"My grandchildren go and stand in that garden and eat tomatoes. Now we will have to wash everything down - if it doesn't die."

Transport Minister Jackie Trad's office was contacted for a right of reply yesterday afternoon, but at time of print had not had time to respond.

https://www.gympietimes.com.au/news/poisonous-drift-ruins-country-lunch-rail-maintenan/2787560/

Poisonous draft threatens surrounding properties

26th Sep 2015

Gympie Times

 

A PLANNED luncheon in the spring sunshine turned into a poisonous nightmare for long-time Theebine residents Graeme and Dolly Jensen this week.

Dolly and Graeme were expecting visitors and setting the lunch table up in their backyard in the late morning on Thursday when two trucks pulled up near their home.

The main rail line north runs parallel to Theebine Rd, where the Jensens live, and there is a vacant block also owned by Queensland Rail nearby.

For as long as Dolly can remember, vegetation on that block has been controlled by slashing, but this year, QR has started spraying the block with poison instead.

The wind at Theebine was blowing a gale on Thursday, and Dolly says a flag in her backyard clearly showed the direction was towards their house from where the QR block is.

The poison was sprayed from a large spraying implement on the back of the trucks.

As soon as the spraying started, Dolly and Graeme, who were setting up for lunch under a tree in their yard, could smell the poison drift over them.

“They could see us setting up. I thought ‘Jeez, they’re not going to spray are they’?” Dolly said.

But they did.

“Straight away I copped a whiff and I was like ‘oh no, you are joking.”

Then Dolly’s eyes started to water and her lips went numb.

Graham felt sick in his stomach.

“It looked like they were going to settle in until Graeme went over and roared it up them (pointing to the flag which showed which direction the wind was blowing). Neither of them had gloves or masks on.”

The men then appeared to make a phone call before leaving.

Dolly’s lips were still tingling yesterday morning – almost 24 hours later – as were the lips of her neighbour, who is battling cancer and receiving chemotherapy.

This is the second time the block has been sprayed. Last time, about three months ago, the Jensens weren’t home, but days later they noticed the dead block and their own dead choko vine.

“I am concerned about them spraying poison on my stuff,” said Dolly, who is proud of her organic vegetable garden.

“My grandchildren go and stand in that garden and eat tomatoes. Now we will have to wash everything down – if it doesn’t die.”

Transport Minister Jackie Trad’s office was contacted for a right of reply yesterday afternoon, but at time of print had not had time to respond.

https://www.gympietimes.com.au/news/poisonous-drift-ruins-country-lunch-rail-maintenan/2787560/

2015 December: Clarence Town (NSW) Spray Drift. Pesticide: 2,4-D

Lower Hunter vignerons claim pesticides killing crops

7 Dec 2015

It appears the impact of spray drift on Hunter Valley vineyards is more widespread than first thought.

Last week, grape growers near Denman revealed their plants are being harmed when the weed killer 2,4-D blows over their vineyards.

Now a vigneron near Clarence Town has reported his grape crop has been all but destroyed by phenoxy herbicides.

Ross Arnott said he does not know where the chemicals are coming from.

"It's coming in in plumes," he said.

"You can actually see where the plumes hit one part of the grape then it'll hit the other side .

"And these plumes can be a up to six metres in diameter."

Mr Arnott said he needs to determine the source of the chemicals.

"It could be a by-product from some sort of manufacturing facility because we'd be in the wind direction from some small industrial areas."

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-07/lower-hunter-vignerons-claim-pesticides-killing-crops/7005792

Lower Hunter vignerons claim pesticides killing crops

7 Dec 2015

It appears the impact of spray drift on Hunter Valley vineyards is more widespread than first thought.

Last week, grape growers near Denman revealed their plants are being harmed when the weed killer 2,4-D blows over their vineyards.

Now a vigneron near Clarence Town has reported his grape crop has been all but destroyed by phenoxy herbicides.

Ross Arnott said he does not know where the chemicals are coming from.

“It’s coming in in plumes,” he said.

“You can actually see where the plumes hit one part of the grape then it’ll hit the other side .

“And these plumes can be a up to six metres in diameter.”

Mr Arnott said he needs to determine the source of the chemicals.

“It could be a by-product from some sort of manufacturing facility because we’d be in the wind direction from some small industrial areas.”

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-07/lower-hunter-vignerons-claim-pesticides-killing-crops/7005792

2015 December: Denman NSW vineyards spraydrift. Pesticide: 2,4-D

Hunter vignerons call for controls on pesticide sprays

ABC 2/12/15

 

Vignerons in the Denman area suspect spray drift from the noxious herbicide 24D may be affecting local grape yields.

The substance, which is mainly used to control broad-leaf weeds in grain and grass crops, can travel up to 70 kilometres in the air after application.

Jeff Oldman from Norlana Vineyard said the herbicide causes grape leaves to become distorted.

"I've spoken to a number of people in the district and also Department of Primary Industries, and they all seem to be pretty convinced that it is 24D," he said.

"The growing tips of the canes, for about 30 to 40 centimetres from the tip, now are distorted."

Grape growers are calling on the Department of Agriculture to place restrictions on the application of 24D.

Mr Oldman said the herbicide is particularly volatile for grape crops.

"It seems to affect mainly the growing tips but, of course, when all the canes are growing, if they're affected it can affect the vine quite significantly," he said.

"The vines can grow out of it, provided they haven't been too seriously affected, and I'm hoping that mine will be alright."

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-02/hunter-vignerons-call-for-controls-on-pesticide-sprays/6992674

Hunter vignerons call for controls on pesticide sprays

ABC 2/12/15

Vignerons in the Denman area suspect spray drift from the noxious herbicide 24D may be affecting local grape yields.

The substance, which is mainly used to control broad-leaf weeds in grain and grass crops, can travel up to 70 kilometres in the air after application.

Jeff Oldman from Norlana Vineyard said the herbicide causes grape leaves to become distorted.

“I’ve spoken to a number of people in the district and also Department of Primary Industries, and they all seem to be pretty convinced that it is 24D,” he said.

“The growing tips of the canes, for about 30 to 40 centimetres from the tip, now are distorted.”

Grape growers are calling on the Department of Agriculture to place restrictions on the application of 24D.

Mr Oldman said the herbicide is particularly volatile for grape crops.

“It seems to affect mainly the growing tips but, of course, when all the canes are growing, if they’re affected it can affect the vine quite significantly,” he said.

“The vines can grow out of it, provided they haven’t been too seriously affected, and I’m hoping that mine will be alright.”

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-02/hunter-vignerons-call-for-controls-on-pesticide-sprays/6992674

2000: Carol Creek NSW. Pesticide: Propargite

Propargite was detected in 2000 at Carole Creek, at Mungindi Road bridge, New South Wales, at a concentration of 1.10 μg/L (Muschal 2001).

https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/eh52

Propargite was detected in 2000 at Carole Creek, at Mungindi Road bridge, New South Wales, at a concentration of 1.10 μg/L (Muschal 2001).

https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/eh52

 

1994-5: Mulwala (NSW) Murray River. Pesticide: Molinate

Molinate was the most commonly applied herbicide to rice crops in southern New South Wales in 1994-1995. It was detected in irrigation drains after application to rice fields at levels up to 0.7 mg/L (Bowmer et al 1998). Molinate was detected on two occasions in the Mulwala supply offtake on the Murray river, at 0.0072 and 0.0005 mg/L (7.2 and 0.5 μg/L). Over a 55-day period of monitoring supply water in the irrigated areas, molinate was found in 90% of the analysed samples, with a maximum concentration of 0.0036 mg/L (3.6 μg/L) (Bowmer et al 1998). The high frequency of molinate detection was due to samples being taken in early summer, when the herbicide is used in rice crops.

https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/eh52

Molinate was the most commonly applied herbicide to rice crops in southern New South Wales in 1994-1995. It was detected in irrigation drains after application to rice fields at levels up to 0.7 mg/L (Bowmer et al 1998). Molinate was detected on two occasions in the Mulwala supply offtake on the Murray river, at 0.0072 and 0.0005 mg/L (7.2 and 0.5 μg/L). Over a 55-day period of monitoring supply water in the irrigated areas, molinate was found in 90% of the analysed samples, with a maximum concentration of 0.0036 mg/L (3.6 μg/L) (Bowmer et al 1998). The high frequency of molinate detection was due to samples being taken in early summer, when the herbicide is used in rice crops.

https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/eh52

Molinate was the most commonly applied herbicide to rice crops in southern New South Wales in 1994-1995. It was detected in irrigation drains after application to rice fields at levels up to 0.7 mg/L (Bowmer et al 1998). Molinate was detected on two occasions in the Mulwala supply offtake on the Murray river, at 0.0072 and 0.0005 mg/L (7.2 and 0.5 μg/L). Over a 55-day period of monitoring supply water in the irrigated areas, molinate was found in 90% of the analysed samples, with a maximum concentration of 0.0036 mg/L (3.6 μg/L) (Bowmer et al 1998). The high frequency of molinate detection was due to samples being taken in early summer, when the herbicide is used in rice crops.

https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/eh52

2014 December: Dewings Creek. Pesticide: Triclopyr

16/12/14: Barwon Water Dewings Creek Triclopyr 0.03ug/L (0.15% adwg)

16/12/14: Barwon Water Dewings Creek Triclopyr 0.03ug/L (0.15% adwg)

December 2011 – March 2012: Billy Creek Strzelecki Ranges. Pesticides: Diazinon, Tebufenozide, Metalachlor, DDE, Dieldrin, Simazine

Gippsland Environment Suffering From Pesticide Spray Drift? May 10 2013

[At this location, Billy Creek Simazine in the water column at March 2012: 0.007ug/L. November 2011: Diazinon was detected at 0.004ug/L, Tebufenozide 0.002ug/L, Metalachlor 0.006ug/L, DDE 6ug/kg, Dieldrin 8ug/kg, Total DDT 2ug/kg].

Pesticides commonly used in vegetable cropping have been detected in waterways 25-30km away from the nearest vegetable cropping areas according to environmental organisation Friends of the Earth.

EPA pesticide testing, released in a report last week, in the forested portion of Middle Creek, located in the northern Strzeleckis, detected the pesticides Diazinon, Metalochlor, Pirimicarb, Metalaxyl, Tebuconazole, Oxychlordane and Simazine in surface water and sediment of Middle Creek. The results were published by the EPA in “Impacts of intensive agriculture and plantation forestry on water quality in the Latrobe catchment, Victoria”. https://www.epa.vic.gov.au/~/media/Publications/1528.pdf

Of these pesticides, the only one used in forestry operations in the upper catchment over the past decade is Simazine. “Forestry is the only land use within this section of Middle Creek, so the only conclusion that we can make is that the other pesticides have ended up in Middle Creek as a result of spray drift, where pesticide particles have blown in on the wind. This raises a significant question: if the pesticides have been blown over such a distance, what other waterways have suffered a similar problem? Can we conclude that most other waterways (including domestic water supplies) in Gippsland could also be carrying traces of these pesticides?” asked Friends of the Earth spokesperson Anthony Amis.

“Middle Creek contained levels of simazine which are of concern. Simazine was also detected in sediment at two locations within the forested portion of the catchment. Seeing that simazine use was supposedly stopped in the catchment in 2003, it is quite worrying that the substance was detected 9 years after being sprayed. Simazine may have polluted local groundwater where its degradation has been slowed or it is being released from polluted sediment loads and re-released into the water column possibly in times of heavy flow. How many other Strzelecki waterways are suffering similar problems?” Mr Amis said.

Oxychlordane, a metabolite of the organochlorine Chlordane was also detected in the sediments of Middle Creek, as was Mercury. “We think that oxychlordane may have been washed into the creek via treated Eucalyptus seed in the 1970's and early 1980's. We understand that this practice was done elsewhere in Victoria to stop ants taking the seed. The Mercury is likely to be sourced from either bushfires or the burning of coal.” Mr Amis added. “If it's from coal emissions, what measures are the coal industry taking to minimise the impact of mercury on local water waterways? Mercury can in some circumstances bioaccumulate through the food chain”.

“It is illegal to cause spray drift impacting on neighbouring properties, yet where are the regulators when the spray drift isn't so easily identifiable and revealed only through water testing? How far has the drift extended and why has the drift been allowed to occur?” Mr Amis concluded.

Gippsland Environment Suffering From Pesticide Spray Drift? May 10 2013

[At this location, Billy Creek Simazine in the water column at March 2012: 0.007ug/L. November 2011: Diazinon was detected at 0.004ug/L, Tebufenozide 0.002ug/L, Metalachlor 0.006ug/L, DDE 6ug/kg, Dieldrin 8ug/kg, Total DDT 2ug/kg].

Pesticides commonly used in vegetable cropping have been detected in waterways 25-30km away from the nearest vegetable cropping areas according to environmental organisation Friends of the Earth.

EPA pesticide testing, released in a report last week, in the forested portion of Middle Creek, located in the northern Strzeleckis, detected the pesticides Diazinon, Metalochlor, Pirimicarb, Metalaxyl, Tebuconazole, Oxychlordane and Simazine in surface water and sediment of Middle Creek. The results were published by the EPA in “Impacts of intensive agriculture and plantation forestry on water quality in the Latrobe catchment, Victoria”. https://www.epa.vic.gov.au/~/media/Publications/1528.pdf

Of these pesticides, the only one used in forestry operations in the upper catchment over the past decade is Simazine. “Forestry is the only land use within this section of Middle Creek, so the only conclusion that we can make is that the other pesticides have ended up in Middle Creek as a result of spray drift, where pesticide particles have blown in on the wind. This raises a significant question: if the pesticides have been blown over such a distance, what other waterways have suffered a similar problem? Can we conclude that most other waterways (including domestic water supplies) in Gippsland could also be carrying traces of these pesticides?” asked Friends of the Earth spokesperson Anthony Amis.

“Middle Creek contained levels of simazine which are of concern. Simazine was also detected in sediment at two locations within the forested portion of the catchment. Seeing that simazine use was supposedly stopped in the catchment in 2003, it is quite worrying that the substance was detected 9 years after being sprayed. Simazine may have polluted local groundwater where its degradation has been slowed or it is being released from polluted sediment loads and re-released into the water column possibly in times of heavy flow. How many other Strzelecki waterways are suffering similar problems?” Mr Amis said.

Oxychlordane, a metabolite of the organochlorine Chlordane was also detected in the sediments of Middle Creek, as was Mercury. “We think that oxychlordane may have been washed into the creek via treated Eucalyptus seed in the 1970’s and early 1980’s. We understand that this practice was done elsewhere in Victoria to stop ants taking the seed. The Mercury is likely to be sourced from either bushfires or the burning of coal.” Mr Amis added. “If it’s from coal emissions, what measures are the coal industry taking to minimise the impact of mercury on local water waterways? Mercury can in some circumstances bioaccumulate through the food chain”.

“It is illegal to cause spray drift impacting on neighbouring properties, yet where are the regulators when the spray drift isn’t so easily identifiable and revealed only through water testing? How far has the drift extended and why has the drift been allowed to occur?” Mr Amis concluded.

December 2011 – March 2012: Middle Creek headwaters. Pesticides: Simazine, Diazinon, Metalachlor, Oxychlordane

Gippsland Environment Suffering From Pesticide Spray Drift? May 10 2013

[At this location, Middle Creek headwaters Simazine in the water column at March 2012: 0.042ug/L and in the sediment at 50ug/kg. Diazinon was detected at 0.003ug/L, oxychlordane at 4ug/kg and traces of metalochlor]

Pesticides commonly used in vegetable cropping have been detected in waterways 25-30km away from the nearest vegetable cropping areas according to environmental organisation Friends of the Earth.

EPA pesticide testing, released in a report last week, in the forested portion of Middle Creek, located in the northern Strzeleckis, detected the pesticides Diazinon, Metalochlor, Pirimicarb, Metalaxyl, Tebuconazole, Oxychlordane and Simazine in surface water and sediment of Middle Creek. The results were published by the EPA in “Impacts of intensive agriculture and plantation forestry on water quality in the Latrobe catchment, Victoria”. https://www.epa.vic.gov.au/~/media/Publications/1528.pdf

Of these pesticides, the only one used in forestry operations in the upper catchment over the past decade is Simazine. “Forestry is the only land use within this section of Middle Creek, so the only conclusion that we can make is that the other pesticides have ended up in Middle Creek as a result of spray drift, where pesticide particles have blown in on the wind. This raises a significant question: if the pesticides have been blown over such a distance, what other waterways have suffered a similar problem? Can we conclude that most other waterways (including domestic water supplies) in Gippsland could also be carrying traces of these pesticides?” asked Friends of the Earth spokesperson Anthony Amis.

“Middle Creek contained levels of simazine which are of concern. Simazine was also detected in sediment at two locations within the forested portion of the catchment. Seeing that simazine use was supposedly stopped in the catchment in 2003, it is quite worrying that the substance was detected 9 years after being sprayed. Simazine may have polluted local groundwater where its degradation has been slowed or it is being released from polluted sediment loads and re-released into the water column possibly in times of heavy flow. How many other Strzelecki waterways are suffering similar problems?” Mr Amis said.

Oxychlordane, a metabolite of the organochlorine Chlordane was also detected in the sediments of Middle Creek, as was Mercury. “We think that oxychlordane may have been washed into the creek via treated Eucalyptus seed in the 1970's and early 1980's. We understand that this practice was done elsewhere in Victoria to stop ants taking the seed. The Mercury is likely to be sourced from either bushfires or the burning of coal.” Mr Amis added. “If it's from coal emissions, what measures are the coal industry taking to minimise the impact of mercury on local water waterways? Mercury can in some circumstances bioaccumulate through the food chain”.

“It is illegal to cause spray drift impacting on neighbouring properties, yet where are the regulators when the spray drift isn't so easily identifiable and revealed only through water testing? How far has the drift extended and why has the drift been allowed to occur?” Mr Amis concluded.

Gippsland Environment Suffering From Pesticide Spray Drift? May 10 2013

[At this location, Middle Creek headwaters Simazine in the water column at March 2012: 0.042ug/L and in the sediment at 50ug/kg. Diazinon was detected at 0.003ug/L, oxychlordane at 4ug/kg and traces of metalochlor]

Pesticides commonly used in vegetable cropping have been detected in waterways 25-30km away from the nearest vegetable cropping areas according to environmental organisation Friends of the Earth.

EPA pesticide testing, released in a report last week, in the forested portion of Middle Creek, located in the northern Strzeleckis, detected the pesticides Diazinon, Metalochlor, Pirimicarb, Metalaxyl, Tebuconazole, Oxychlordane and Simazine in surface water and sediment of Middle Creek. The results were published by the EPA in “Impacts of intensive agriculture and plantation forestry on water quality in the Latrobe catchment, Victoria”. https://www.epa.vic.gov.au/~/media/Publications/1528.pdf

Of these pesticides, the only one used in forestry operations in the upper catchment over the past decade is Simazine. “Forestry is the only land use within this section of Middle Creek, so the only conclusion that we can make is that the other pesticides have ended up in Middle Creek as a result of spray drift, where pesticide particles have blown in on the wind. This raises a significant question: if the pesticides have been blown over such a distance, what other waterways have suffered a similar problem? Can we conclude that most other waterways (including domestic water supplies) in Gippsland could also be carrying traces of these pesticides?” asked Friends of the Earth spokesperson Anthony Amis.

“Middle Creek contained levels of simazine which are of concern. Simazine was also detected in sediment at two locations within the forested portion of the catchment. Seeing that simazine use was supposedly stopped in the catchment in 2003, it is quite worrying that the substance was detected 9 years after being sprayed. Simazine may have polluted local groundwater where its degradation has been slowed or it is being released from polluted sediment loads and re-released into the water column possibly in times of heavy flow. How many other Strzelecki waterways are suffering similar problems?” Mr Amis said.

Oxychlordane, a metabolite of the organochlorine Chlordane was also detected in the sediments of Middle Creek, as was Mercury. “We think that oxychlordane may have been washed into the creek via treated Eucalyptus seed in the 1970’s and early 1980’s. We understand that this practice was done elsewhere in Victoria to stop ants taking the seed. The Mercury is likely to be sourced from either bushfires or the burning of coal.” Mr Amis added. “If it’s from coal emissions, what measures are the coal industry taking to minimise the impact of mercury on local water waterways? Mercury can in some circumstances bioaccumulate through the food chain”.

“It is illegal to cause spray drift impacting on neighbouring properties, yet where are the regulators when the spray drift isn’t so easily identifiable and revealed only through water testing? How far has the drift extended and why has the drift been allowed to occur?” Mr Amis concluded.

2012 March: Middle Creek Strzelecki Ranges, downstream of College Creek. Pesticides: Simazine

Gippsland Environment Suffering From Pesticide Spray Drift? May 10 2013

[At this location Simazine in the water column at 0.062ug/L and in the sediment at 30ug/kg]

Pesticides commonly used in vegetable cropping have been detected in waterways 25-30km away from the nearest vegetable cropping areas according to environmental organisation Friends of the Earth.

EPA pesticide testing, released in a report last week, in the forested portion of Middle Creek, located in the northern Strzeleckis, detected the pesticides Diazinon, Metalochlor, Pirimicarb, Metalaxyl, Tebuconazole, Oxychlordane and Simazine in surface water and sediment of Middle Creek. The results were published by the EPA in “Impacts of intensive agriculture and plantation forestry on water quality in the Latrobe catchment, Victoria”. https://www.epa.vic.gov.au/~/media/Publications/1528.pdf

Of these pesticides, the only one used in forestry operations in the upper catchment over the past decade is Simazine. “Forestry is the only land use within this section of Middle Creek, so the only conclusion that we can make is that the other pesticides have ended up in Middle Creek as a result of spray drift, where pesticide particles have blown in on the wind. This raises a significant question: if the pesticides have been blown over such a distance, what other waterways have suffered a similar problem? Can we conclude that most other waterways (including domestic water supplies) in Gippsland could also be carrying traces of these pesticides?” asked Friends of the Earth spokesperson Anthony Amis.

“Middle Creek contained levels of simazine which are of concern. Simazine was also detected in sediment at two locations within the forested portion of the catchment. Seeing that simazine use was supposedly stopped in the catchment in 2003, it is quite worrying that the substance was detected 9 years after being sprayed. Simazine may have polluted local groundwater where its degradation has been slowed or it is being released from polluted sediment loads and re-released into the water column possibly in times of heavy flow. How many other Strzelecki waterways are suffering similar problems?” Mr Amis said.

Oxychlordane, a metabolite of the organochlorine Chlordane was also detected in the sediments of Middle Creek, as was Mercury. “We think that oxychlordane may have been washed into the creek via treated Eucalyptus seed in the 1970's and early 1980's. We understand that this practice was done elsewhere in Victoria to stop ants taking the seed. The Mercury is likely to be sourced from either bushfires or the burning of coal.” Mr Amis added. “If it's from coal emissions, what measures are the coal industry taking to minimise the impact of mercury on local water waterways? Mercury can in some circumstances bioaccumulate through the food chain”.

“It is illegal to cause spray drift impacting on neighbouring properties, yet where are the regulators when the spray drift isn't so easily identifiable and revealed only through water testing? How far has the drift extended and why has the drift been allowed to occur?” Mr Amis concluded.

Gippsland Environment Suffering From Pesticide Spray Drift? May 10 2013

[At this location Simazine in the water column at 0.062ug/L and in the sediment at 30ug/kg]

Pesticides commonly used in vegetable cropping have been detected in waterways 25-30km away from the nearest vegetable cropping areas according to environmental organisation Friends of the Earth.

EPA pesticide testing, released in a report last week, in the forested portion of Middle Creek, located in the northern Strzeleckis, detected the pesticides Diazinon, Metalochlor, Pirimicarb, Metalaxyl, Tebuconazole, Oxychlordane and Simazine in surface water and sediment of Middle Creek. The results were published by the EPA in “Impacts of intensive agriculture and plantation forestry on water quality in the Latrobe catchment, Victoria”. https://www.epa.vic.gov.au/~/media/Publications/1528.pdf

Of these pesticides, the only one used in forestry operations in the upper catchment over the past decade is Simazine. “Forestry is the only land use within this section of Middle Creek, so the only conclusion that we can make is that the other pesticides have ended up in Middle Creek as a result of spray drift, where pesticide particles have blown in on the wind. This raises a significant question: if the pesticides have been blown over such a distance, what other waterways have suffered a similar problem? Can we conclude that most other waterways (including domestic water supplies) in Gippsland could also be carrying traces of these pesticides?” asked Friends of the Earth spokesperson Anthony Amis.

“Middle Creek contained levels of simazine which are of concern. Simazine was also detected in sediment at two locations within the forested portion of the catchment. Seeing that simazine use was supposedly stopped in the catchment in 2003, it is quite worrying that the substance was detected 9 years after being sprayed. Simazine may have polluted local groundwater where its degradation has been slowed or it is being released from polluted sediment loads and re-released into the water column possibly in times of heavy flow. How many other Strzelecki waterways are suffering similar problems?” Mr Amis said.

Oxychlordane, a metabolite of the organochlorine Chlordane was also detected in the sediments of Middle Creek, as was Mercury. “We think that oxychlordane may have been washed into the creek via treated Eucalyptus seed in the 1970’s and early 1980’s. We understand that this practice was done elsewhere in Victoria to stop ants taking the seed. The Mercury is likely to be sourced from either bushfires or the burning of coal.” Mr Amis added. “If it’s from coal emissions, what measures are the coal industry taking to minimise the impact of mercury on local water waterways? Mercury can in some circumstances bioaccumulate through the food chain”.

“It is illegal to cause spray drift impacting on neighbouring properties, yet where are the regulators when the spray drift isn’t so easily identifiable and revealed only through water testing? How far has the drift extended and why has the drift been allowed to occur?” Mr Amis concluded.

2011 December: Middle Creek Strzelecki Ranges. Pesticides: Pirimicarb, Metalaxyl, Oxychlordane

Gippsland Environment Suffering From Pesticide Spray Drift? May 10 2013

Pesticides commonly used in vegetable cropping have been detected in waterways 25-30km away from the nearest vegetable cropping areas according to environmental organisation Friends of the Earth.

EPA pesticide testing, released in a report last week, in the forested portion of Middle Creek, located in the northern Strzeleckis, detected the pesticides Diazinon, Metalochlor, Pirimicarb, Metalaxyl, Tebuconazole, Oxychlordane and Simazine in surface water and sediment of Middle Creek. The results were published by the EPA in “Impacts of intensive agriculture and plantation forestry on water quality in the Latrobe catchment, Victoria”. https://www.epa.vic.gov.au/~/media/Publications/1528.pdf

Of these pesticides, the only one used in forestry operations in the upper catchment over the past decade is Simazine. “Forestry is the only land use within this section of Middle Creek, so the only conclusion that we can make is that the other pesticides have ended up in Middle Creek as a result of spray drift, where pesticide particles have blown in on the wind. This raises a significant question: if the pesticides have been blown over such a distance, what other waterways have suffered a similar problem? Can we conclude that most other waterways (including domestic water supplies) in Gippsland could also be carrying traces of these pesticides?” asked Friends of the Earth spokesperson Anthony Amis.

“Middle Creek contained levels of simazine which are of concern. Simazine was also detected in sediment at two locations within the forested portion of the catchment. Seeing that simazine use was supposedly stopped in the catchment in 2003, it is quite worrying that the substance was detected 9 years after being sprayed. Simazine may have polluted local groundwater where its degradation has been slowed or it is being released from polluted sediment loads and re-released into the water column possibly in times of heavy flow. How many other Strzelecki waterways are suffering similar problems?” Mr Amis said.

Oxychlordane, a metabolite of the organochlorine Chlordane was also detected in the sediments of Middle Creek, as was Mercury. “We think that oxychlordane may have been washed into the creek via treated Eucalyptus seed in the 1970's and early 1980's. We understand that this practice was done elsewhere in Victoria to stop ants taking the seed. The Mercury is likely to be sourced from either bushfires or the burning of coal.” Mr Amis added. “If it's from coal emissions, what measures are the coal industry taking to minimise the impact of mercury on local water waterways? Mercury can in some circumstances bioaccumulate through the food chain”.

“It is illegal to cause spray drift impacting on neighbouring properties, yet where are the regulators when the spray drift isn't so easily identifiable and revealed only through water testing? How far has the drift extended and why has the drift been allowed to occur?” Mr Amis concluded.

Gippsland Environment Suffering From Pesticide Spray Drift? May 10 2013

Pesticides commonly used in vegetable cropping have been detected in waterways 25-30km away from the nearest vegetable cropping areas according to environmental organisation Friends of the Earth.

EPA pesticide testing, released in a report last week, in the forested portion of Middle Creek, located in the northern Strzeleckis, detected the pesticides Diazinon, Metalochlor, Pirimicarb, Metalaxyl, Tebuconazole, Oxychlordane and Simazine in surface water and sediment of Middle Creek. The results were published by the EPA in “Impacts of intensive agriculture and plantation forestry on water quality in the Latrobe catchment, Victoria”. https://www.epa.vic.gov.au/~/media/Publications/1528.pdf

Of these pesticides, the only one used in forestry operations in the upper catchment over the past decade is Simazine. “Forestry is the only land use within this section of Middle Creek, so the only conclusion that we can make is that the other pesticides have ended up in Middle Creek as a result of spray drift, where pesticide particles have blown in on the wind. This raises a significant question: if the pesticides have been blown over such a distance, what other waterways have suffered a similar problem? Can we conclude that most other waterways (including domestic water supplies) in Gippsland could also be carrying traces of these pesticides?” asked Friends of the Earth spokesperson Anthony Amis.

“Middle Creek contained levels of simazine which are of concern. Simazine was also detected in sediment at two locations within the forested portion of the catchment. Seeing that simazine use was supposedly stopped in the catchment in 2003, it is quite worrying that the substance was detected 9 years after being sprayed. Simazine may have polluted local groundwater where its degradation has been slowed or it is being released from polluted sediment loads and re-released into the water column possibly in times of heavy flow. How many other Strzelecki waterways are suffering similar problems?” Mr Amis said.

Oxychlordane, a metabolite of the organochlorine Chlordane was also detected in the sediments of Middle Creek, as was Mercury. “We think that oxychlordane may have been washed into the creek via treated Eucalyptus seed in the 1970’s and early 1980’s. We understand that this practice was done elsewhere in Victoria to stop ants taking the seed. The Mercury is likely to be sourced from either bushfires or the burning of coal.” Mr Amis added. “If it’s from coal emissions, what measures are the coal industry taking to minimise the impact of mercury on local water waterways? Mercury can in some circumstances bioaccumulate through the food chain”.

“It is illegal to cause spray drift impacting on neighbouring properties, yet where are the regulators when the spray drift isn’t so easily identifiable and revealed only through water testing? How far has the drift extended and why has the drift been allowed to occur?” Mr Amis concluded.

2012 March: Middle Creek Strzelecki Ranges. Site UVH. Pesticide: Tebuconazole

March 2012: Trace of Tebuconazole detected at location UVH on Middle Creek. More pesticides detected upstream.

https://hancockwatch.nfshost.com/docs/13may.htm

2012 March: Trace level of Tebuconazole detected in Middle Creek. More pesticides upstream.

https://hancockwatch.nfshost.com/docs/13may.htm

2013 – 2016: Tunbridge (Tas). Pesticide in Water: MCPA, 2,4-D

13/10/13: Trace detection of MCPA in raw water. Resample taken from the Blackman river and the distribution system. All results were clear.

Tas Water Annual Drinking Water Quality Report 2013-14 (p 481)

31/5/16: MCPA 0.03ug/L Blackman River*

12/7/16: MCPA 0.05ug/L Blackman River

26/7/16: MCPA 0.03ug/L Blackman River

8/8/16: MCPA 0.06ug/L Blackman River

16/8/16: 2,4-D 0.54ug/L Blackman River

16/8/16: MCPA 0.04ug/L Blackman River

30/8/16: 2,4-D 0.39ug/L Blackman River

30/8/16: MCPA 0.04ug/L Blackman River

11/10/16: MCPA 0.02ug/L Blackman River

25/10/16: 2,4-D 0.05ug/L Blackman River

15/11/16: MCPA 0.03ug/L Blackman River

TasWater Raw Pesticide Data by system v4

*RTI application

13/10/13: Trace detection of MCPA in raw water. Resample taken from the Blackman river and the distribution system. All results were clear.

Tas Water Annual Drinking Water Quality Report 2013-14 (p 481)

31/5/16: MCPA 0.03ug/L Blackman River*

12/7/16: MCPA 0.05ug/L Blackman River

26/7/16: MCPA 0.03ug/L Blackman River

8/8/16: MCPA 0.06ug/L Blackman River

16/8/16: 2,4-D 0.54ug/L Blackman River

16/8/16: MCPA 0.04ug/L Blackman River

30/8/16: 2,4-D 0.39ug/L Blackman River

30/8/16: MCPA 0.04ug/L Blackman River

11/10/16: MCPA 0.02ug/L Blackman River

25/10/16: 2,4-D 0.05ug/L Blackman River

15/11/16: MCPA 0.03ug/L Blackman River

TasWater Raw Pesticide Data by system v4

*RTI application

2011 November: Macarthur (Vic). Pesticide: Mecoprop

8/11/11: Macarthur Mecoprop 0.01ug/L

8/11/11: Macarthur Mecoprop 0.01ug/L

2013 January: Green Hill Deep Bore. Pesticide: Silvex (Fenoprop)

Green Hill Deep Bore: 22/1/2013: Silvex (Fenoprop) 0.01ug/L

Green Hill Deep Bore: 22/1/2013: Silvex (Fenoprop) 0.01ug/L

2014 November: Hepburn Reservoir (Vic). Pesticide: Simazine

5/11/2014 Hepburn Reservoir Simazine 0.03ug/L

5/11/2014 Hepburn Reservoir Simazine 0.03ug/L

2013/23: Sugarloaf Reservoir Avoca Vic. Pesticides: 2,4,6-T, Dicamba, Atrazine, Benomyl, Simazine, 2,4-D, Metolachlor, Clopyralid

Sugarloaf Reservoir Avoca

11/11/2013: 2,4,6-T 0.04ug/L, Dicamba 0.03ug/L, Atrazine 0.02ug/L

9/11/2015: Benomyl 0.01ug/L, Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.02ug/L

3/10/2016: Simazine 0.04ug/L

Source: Central Highlands Water

Avoca Water supply - exact source not listed

2017/18: 2,4-D 0.01ug/L, Benomyl 0.02ug/L

2019/20: Metolachlor 0.01ug/L

2021/22: Trichlorofon 0.26ug/L, Atrazine 0.1ug/L, Simazine 0.13ug/L, Terbuthylazine 0.03ug/L, Benomyl 0.04ug/L, Tebuconazole 0.01ug/L, Diuron 0.02ug/L, Metolachlor 0.03ug/L

2022/23: Clopyralid 0.06ug/L

 

Sugarloaf Reservoir Avoca

11/11/2013: 2,4,6-T 0.04ug/L, Dicamba 0.03ug/L, Atrazine 0.02ug/L

9/11/2015: Benomyl 0.01ug/L, Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.02ug/L

3/10/2016: Simazine 0.04ug/L

Source: Central Highlands Water

Avoca Water supply – exact source not listed

2017/18: 2,4-D 0.01ug/L, Benomyl 0.02ug/L

2019/20: Metolachlor 0.01ug/L

2021/22: Trichlorofon 0.26ug/L, Atrazine 0.1ug/L, Simazine 0.13ug/L, Terbuthylazine 0.03ug/L, Benomyl 0.04ug/L, Tebuconazole 0.01ug/L, Diuron 0.02ug/L, Metolachlor 0.03ug/L

2022/23: Clopyralid 0.06ug/L

 

2013 November: Redbank Reservoir (Vic). Pesticides: 2,4,6-T, 2,6-D, Dicamba, Mecoprop

4/11/2013 Redbank Reservoir 2,4,6-T 0.05ug/L

4/11/2013 Redbank Reservoir 2,6-D 0.01ug/L

4/11/2013 Redbank Reservoir Dicamba 0.03ug/L

4/11/2013 Redbank Reservoir Mecoprop 0.01ug/L

4/11/2013 Redbank Reservoir 2,4,6-T 0.05ug/L

4/11/2013 Redbank Reservoir 2,6-D 0.01ug/L

4/11/2013 Redbank Reservoir Dicamba 0.03ug/L

4/11/2013 Redbank Reservoir Mecoprop 0.01ug/L

2012 – 2016: Centenary Reservoir Maryborough. Pesticides: Atrazine, Simazine, Dicamba, Metolachlor, Benomyl

Centenary Reservoir (Maryborough)

22/11/2012: Atrazine 0.2ug/L

22/11/2012: Simazine 0.35ug/L

21/11/2013: Simazine 0.04ug/L

22/11/2013: Dicamba 0.03ug/L

20/11/2014: Atrazine 0.11ug/L

20/11/2014: Simazine 0.09ug/L

22/11/2013: Atrazine 0.08ug/L

19/11/2015: Atrazine 0.07ug/L

19/11/2015: Simazine 0.07ug/L

4/11/2016: Atrazine 0.07ug/L

3/11/2016: Simazine 0.06ug/L

3/11/2016: Metolachlor 0.02ug/L

3/11/2016: Benomyl 0.03ug/L

Source: Central Highlands Water

Centenary Reservoir (Maryborough)

22/11/2012: Atrazine 0.2ug/L

22/11/2012: Simazine 0.35ug/L

21/11/2013: Simazine 0.04ug/L

22/11/2013: Dicamba 0.03ug/L

20/11/2014: Atrazine 0.11ug/L

20/11/2014: Simazine 0.09ug/L

22/11/2013: Atrazine 0.08ug/L

19/11/2015: Atrazine 0.07ug/L

19/11/2015: Simazine 0.07ug/L

4/11/2016: Atrazine 0.07ug/L

3/11/2016: Simazine 0.06ug/L

3/11/2016: Metolachlor 0.02ug/L

3/11/2016: Benomyl 0.03ug/L

Source: Central Highlands Water

2012 – 2016: Evansford Reservoir (Vic). Pesticides: Atrazine, Simazine, 2,4-D, MCPA

19/11/2012: Atrazine 0.28ug/L

19/11/2012: Simazine 0.52ug/L

14/11/2013: Atrazine 0.12ug/L

14/11/2013: Simazine 0.22ug/L

14/11/2013: 2,4-D 0.01ug/L

14/11/2013: MCPA 0.02ug/L

13/11/2014: Atrazine 0.07ug/L

13/11/2014: Simazine 0.16ug/L

11/11/2015: Atrazine 0.05ug/L

11/11/2015: Simazine 0.11ug/L

23/11/2016: Simazine 0.05ug/L

23/11/2016: Atrazine 0.07ug/L

23/11/2016: Metolachlor 0.03ug/L

23/11/2016: Benomyl 0.02ug/L

Source: Central Highlands Water

19/11/2012: Atrazine 0.28ug/L

19/11/2012: Simazine 0.52ug/L

14/11/2013: Atrazine 0.12ug/L

14/11/2013: Simazine 0.22ug/L

14/11/2013: 2,4-D 0.01ug/L

14/11/2013: MCPA 0.02ug/L

13/11/2014: Atrazine 0.07ug/L

13/11/2014: Simazine 0.16ug/L

11/11/2015: Atrazine 0.05ug/L

11/11/2015: Simazine 0.11ug/L

23/11/2016: Simazine 0.05ug/L

23/11/2016: Atrazine 0.07ug/L

23/11/2016: Metolachlor 0.03ug/L

23/11/2016: Benomyl 0.02ug/L

Source: Central Highlands Water

 

2012 – 2016: Talbot Reservoir: Pesticides: Atrazine, Simazine, Fluroxpyr, 2,4,6-T, Metolachlor, Benomyl

19/11/2012: Atrazine 0.08ug/L

19/11/2012: Simazine 0.98ug/L

14/11/2013: Atrazine 0.05ug/L

14/11/2013: Simazine 0.5ug/L

14/11/2013: Fluroxypyr 0.01ug/L

14/11/2013: 2,4,6-T 0.01ug/L

13/11/2014: Atrazine 0.04ug/L

13/11/2014: Simazine 0.62ug/L

11/11/2015: Atrazine 0.03ug/L

11/11/2015: Simazine 0.3ug/L

23/11/2016: Simazine 0.06ug/L

23/11/2016: Atrazine 0.03ug/L

23/11/2016: Metolachlor 0.02ug/L

23/11/2016: Benomyl 0.02ug/L

Source: Central Highlands Water

19/11/2012: Atrazine 0.08ug/L

19/11/2012: Simazine 0.98ug/L

14/11/2013: Atrazine 0.05ug/L

14/11/2013: Simazine 0.5ug/L

14/11/2013: Fluroxypyr 0.01ug/L

14/11/2013: 2,4,6-T 0.01ug/L

13/11/2014: Atrazine 0.04ug/L

13/11/2014: Simazine 0.62ug/L

11/11/2015: Atrazine 0.03ug/L

11/11/2015: Simazine 0.3ug/L

23/11/2016: Simazine 0.06ug/L

23/11/2016: Atrazine 0.03ug/L

23/11/2016: Metolachlor 0.02ug/L

23/11/2016: Benomyl 0.02ug/L

Source: Central Highlands Water

 

2012 November – 2022 November: White Swan Reservoir Ballarat. Pesticides: Cyprodinil, Simazine, MCPA, Atrazine, 2,4-D, Triclopyr

White Swan Reservoir - Ballarat Water Supply

8/11/2012: Cyprodinil 0.01ug/L, 4/11/2014: Simazine 0.05ug/L, 3/11/2015: Simazine 0.03ug/L

8/11/2016: MCPA 0.02ug/L

Ballarat Water Supply - exact water source not published

2017/18: Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Simazine 0.05ug/L, MCPA 0.01ug/L, 2,4-D 0.01ug/L, Triclopyr 0.02ug/L, Benomyl 0.01ug/L

2018/19: Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Simazine 0.04ug/L, Benomyl 0.01ug/L

2019/20: Atrazine 0.1ug/L, Simazine 0.03ug/L, Triclopyr 0.02ug/L, Benomyl 0.01ug/L, Metolachlor 0.01ug/L,

2020/21: Atrazine 0.07ug/L, Simazine 0.02ug/L, 2,4-D 0.01ug/L, MCPA 0.03ug/L, Triclopyr 0.02ug/L

2021/22: Trichlorofon 0.22ug/L, Atrazine 0.07ug/L, Simazine 0.07ug/L, MCPA 0.02ug/L, Triclopyr 0.04ug/L, Benomyl 0.01ug/L

2022/23: Atrazine 0.03ug/L, Simazine 0.04ug/L, 2,4-D 0.03ug/L, MCPA 0.03ug/L, Triclopyr 0.02ug/L

Source: Central Highlands Water

White Swan Reservoir – Ballarat Water Supply

8/11/2012: Cyprodinil 0.01ug/L, 4/11/2014: Simazine 0.05ug/L, 3/11/2015: Simazine 0.03ug/L

8/11/2016: MCPA 0.02ug/L

Ballarat Water Supply – exact water source not published

2017/18: Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Simazine 0.05ug/L, MCPA 0.01ug/L, 2,4-D 0.01ug/L, Triclopyr 0.02ug/L, Benomyl 0.01ug/L

2018/19: Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Simazine 0.04ug/L, Benomyl 0.01ug/L

2019/20: Atrazine 0.1ug/L, Simazine 0.03ug/L, Triclopyr 0.02ug/L, Benomyl 0.01ug/L, Metolachlor 0.01ug/L,

2020/21: Atrazine 0.07ug/L, Simazine 0.02ug/L, 2,4-D 0.01ug/L, MCPA 0.03ug/L, Triclopyr 0.02ug/L

2021/22: Trichlorofon 0.22ug/L, Atrazine 0.07ug/L, Simazine 0.07ug/L, MCPA 0.02ug/L, Triclopyr 0.04ug/L, Benomyl 0.01ug/L

2022/23: Atrazine 0.03ug/L, Simazine 0.04ug/L, 2,4-D 0.03ug/L, MCPA 0.03ug/L, Triclopyr 0.02ug/L

Source: Central Highlands Water

2010 December: Spring Creek Yendon. Pesticides: MCPA, Triclopyr

6/12/2010: Spring Creek, Yendon. MCPA 0.05ug/L

6/12/2010: Spring Creek, Yendon. Triclopyr 0.02ug/L

Source FoI Application September 2015

6/12/2010: Spring Creek, Yendon. MCPA 0.05ug/L

6/12/2010: Spring Creek, Yendon. Triclopyr 0.02ug/L

Source FoI Application September 2015

2010 December: Lal Lal Creek Egerton. Pesticides: MCPA, Triclopyr

6/12/2010: Lal Lal Creek Egerton. MCPA 0.02ug/L

6/12/2010: Lal Lal Creek Egerton. Triclopyr 0.02ug/L

Source: FoI Application September 2015

6/12/2010: Lal Lal Creek Egerton. MCPA 0.02ug/L

6/12/2010: Lal Lal Creek Egerton. Triclopyr 0.02ug/L

Source: FoI Application September 2015

2010 November: Lal Lal Reservoir Outlet. Pesticides: 2,4-D, MCPA, Triclopyr

4/11/2010: Lal Lal Reservoir Outlet 2,4-D 0.03ug/L

4/11/2010: Lal Lal Reservoir Outlet MCPA 0.02ug/L

4/11/2010: Lal Lal Reservoir Outlet Triclopyr 0.04ug/L

Source: FoI application September 2015

4/11/2010: Lal Lal Reservoir Outlet 2,4-D 0.03ug/L

4/11/2010: Lal Lal Reservoir Outlet MCPA 0.02ug/L

4/11/2010: Lal Lal Reservoir Outlet Triclopyr 0.04ug/L

Source: FoI application September 2015

2015 July: Crop Duster Accident Kirknie Queensland

Farmer walks away from plane crash near Townsville (Brisbane Times)
July 27, 2015

A crop duster has crashed in Kirknie, near Townsville.

A farmer has walked away uninjured after crashing his crop duster in north Queensland.

The man in his early 20s crashed the light plane on Monday morning at Kirknie south of Townsville.

He was treated at the scene but didn't suffer any serious injuries, a Queensland Ambulance spokeswoman said.

The crash was the third in the state's north in 24 hours.

Six people survived after a plane crashed into a lake at the Lakeside Airfield near Airlie Beach on Sunday afternoon.

Meanwhile, a motorised paraglider pilot escaped injury - and the police - after clipping a tree and crashing into a carpark at a hunting competition near Mackay on the weekend.

https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/farmer-walks-away-from-plane-crash-near-townsville-20150727-gil96c.html

Farmer walks away from plane crash near Townsville (Brisbane Times)
July 27, 2015

A crop duster has crashed in Kirknie, near Townsville.

A farmer has walked away uninjured after crashing his crop duster in north Queensland.

The man in his early 20s crashed the light plane on Monday morning at Kirknie south of Townsville.

He was treated at the scene but didn’t suffer any serious injuries, a Queensland Ambulance spokeswoman said.

The crash was the third in the state’s north in 24 hours.

Six people survived after a plane crashed into a lake at the Lakeside Airfield near Airlie Beach on Sunday afternoon.

Meanwhile, a motorised paraglider pilot escaped injury – and the police – after clipping a tree and crashing into a carpark at a hunting competition near Mackay on the weekend.

https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/farmer-walks-away-from-plane-crash-near-townsville-20150727-gil96c.html

2013 August – 2017 February: Currie (King Island) Tasmania. Pesticides: 2,4-D, Alpha-Cypermethrin, Chlorothalonil, Glyphosate, Hexazinone, Atrazine

Currie King Island, Tasmania

7/8/13: Chlorothalonil 0.008ug/L, Glyphosate 0.05ug/L

7/8/13: Chlorothalonil 0.006ug/L, Glyphosate 0.07ug/L

7/8/13: Chlorothalonil 0.009ug/L, Glyphosate 0.09ug/L

8/1/14: 2,4-D 0.003ug/L, Alpha-Cypermethrin 0.006ug/L

7/5/14: Hexazinone 0.08ug/L (Source: TasWater 2014/15 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report)

7/8/14: Hexazinone 0.12ug/L (Source: TasWater 2014/15 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report)

11/11/14: Hexazinone 0.07ug/L (Source: TasWater 2014/15 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report)

9/2/15: Hexazinone 0.09ug/L (Source: TasWater 2014/15 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report)

30/11/16: 2,4-D 0.05ug/L, Atrazine 0.01ug/L (TasWater Raw Pesticide Data by system v4)

22/2/17: Alpha-Cypermethrin 2ug/L (TasWater Raw Pesticide Data by system v4)

Also note that Benzene was also detected:

7/8/13: Benzene 0.062ug/L

7/8/13: Benzene 0.078ug/L

7/8/13: Benzene 0.1ug/L

6/11/13: Benzene 0.14ug/L

6/11/13: Benzene 0.18ug/L

5/12/13: Benzene 0.16ug/L

8/1/14: Benzene 0.3ug/L

5/3/14: Benzene 0.18ug/L

1/4/14: Benzene 0.18ug/L

Source: Tas Water RTI Request August 2015

Currie King Island, Tasmania

7/8/13: Chlorothalonil 0.008ug/L, Glyphosate 0.05ug/L

7/8/13: Chlorothalonil 0.006ug/L, Glyphosate 0.07ug/L

7/8/13: Chlorothalonil 0.009ug/L, Glyphosate 0.09ug/L

8/1/14: 2,4-D 0.003ug/L, Alpha-Cypermethrin 0.006ug/L

7/5/14: Hexazinone 0.08ug/L (Source: TasWater 2014/15 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report)

7/8/14: Hexazinone 0.12ug/L (Source: TasWater 2014/15 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report)

11/11/14: Hexazinone 0.07ug/L (Source: TasWater 2014/15 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report)

9/2/15: Hexazinone 0.09ug/L (Source: TasWater 2014/15 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report)

30/11/16: 2,4-D 0.05ug/L, Atrazine 0.01ug/L (TasWater Raw Pesticide Data by system v4)

22/2/17: Alpha-Cypermethrin 2ug/L (TasWater Raw Pesticide Data by system v4)

Also note that Benzene was also detected:

7/8/13: Benzene 0.062ug/L

7/8/13: Benzene 0.078ug/L

7/8/13: Benzene 0.1ug/L

6/11/13: Benzene 0.14ug/L

6/11/13: Benzene 0.18ug/L

5/12/13: Benzene 0.16ug/L

8/1/14: Benzene 0.3ug/L

5/3/14: Benzene 0.18ug/L

1/4/14: Benzene 0.18ug/L

Source: Tas Water RTI Request August 2015

1970’s: Farm Chemicals Limited (Eagle Farm Brisbane). Pesticide: 2,4,5-T

7.30 Report March 10 2004

Farm Chemicals Limited - Eagle Farm Brisbane

PAUL DAVIDSON, CHEMICAL FACTORY WORKER: I feel sort of responsible for thousands of people's deaths and suffering through making this stuff and spraying it. MICK O'DONNELL: Paul Davidson was once leading hand at the Brisbane plant of Farm Chemicals Limited. There he suffered the exposure to toxic herbicides which he believes has given him 30 years of health problems. PAUL DAVIDSON: You can see still on here and on my arms. MICK O'DONNELL: ..from rashes to thyroid trouble. And, he fears, the death of his daughter. PAUL DAVIDSON: She died... four years... after leukaemia. MICK O'DONNELL: The company which produced the chemical here in Brisbane's Eagle Farm no longer exists. But Paul Davidson remembers a careless attitude to where the chemicals wound up. PAUL DAVIDSON: So what they were actually doing was highly illegal. It was dumping the bloody chemicals into the creek and if it rained and everything - you can follow me down here - and you'll see that that creek runs directly into the Brisbane River. MICK O'DONNELL: Even at the levels of toxicity officially allowed in the 70s, the herbicide 245T was powerful stuff. A runny, honey-coloured liquid, it was mixed with diesel to spray on noxious weeds. SID ARMSTRONG, QLD FORESTRY WORKER: Oh, yeah, it would really make you sick as a dog and the headaches were shocking, you know. MICK O'DONNELL: Forestry workers in Queensland and agriculture department workers in Western Australia often sprayed the chemical without protective clothing or masks...MICK O'DONNELL: In Brisbane, sister company Farm Chemicals Limited was also importing herbicide according to the Tariff Board inquiry. Paul Davidson recalls a strange batch arriving in 44 gallon drums. PAUL DAVIDSON: And it was as black as the ace of spades and on the top it was a lot like white crystal growth on the top of the drums so I thought: "Well, this doesn't look right." MICK O'DONNELL: Despite his objections, the leading hand was ordered to melt down the hardened 245T in vats of boiling water. Though it's over 30 years ago, he remembers this because of the accident he suffered at the time. PAUL DAVIDSON: It flew out and went all over me and burnt me. Got a little bit on the arms but mainly went down and got inside - I know it sounds a bit funny but it wasn't funny at the time - but it burnt my penis and my testicles. We ended up making T80 out of it and T40, which most of our stuff we supplied to the Queensland State Government, to the Lands Department, and also the Forestry Department. MICK O'DONNELL: The Queensland Government says it has been unable to find any trace of the rogue import, despite concern from ex-forestry workers up and down the State. MICK O'DONNELL: Do you believe that other workers in other parts of the country may also have been using chemical that had much higher levels than accepted at the time? PROF BRUCE ARMSTRONG: Well, I think again all one can do is speculate on this because we don't know where it went. MICK O'DONNELL: In Victoria, workers and their families have been expressing their fears about the chemical since the late 70s. MAN (FILE FOOTAGE): And over the past five years, I suppose, we've used 250,000 gallons of the spray. ALBERT LITTLER, CFMEU: They've got kidney damage, some have got cancers - all have, or 99 per cent all have this breakout of skin. MICK O'DONNELL: Late last year, the CFMEU surveyed its workers in the Yarram district who believe they'd been affected. ALBERT LITTLER: I can't prove that they were exposed to the rogue batch but information that we have - that it was distributed to various government departments. MICK O'DONNELL: In Queensland and Victoria, workers hope the WA example will prompt their own governments to act. EDDIE BUGDEN: I think it's high time that a proper investigation was made and someone was brought to answer.

https://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2004/s1063294.htm

7.30 Report March 10 2004

Farm Chemicals Limited – Eagle Farm Brisbane

PAUL DAVIDSON, CHEMICAL FACTORY WORKER: I feel sort of responsible for thousands of people’s deaths and suffering through making this stuff and spraying it. MICK O’DONNELL: Paul Davidson was once leading hand at the Brisbane plant of Farm Chemicals Limited. There he suffered the exposure to toxic herbicides which he believes has given him 30 years of health problems. PAUL DAVIDSON: You can see still on here and on my arms. MICK O’DONNELL: ..from rashes to thyroid trouble. And, he fears, the death of his daughter. PAUL DAVIDSON: She died… four years… after leukaemia. MICK O’DONNELL: The company which produced the chemical here in Brisbane’s Eagle Farm no longer exists. But Paul Davidson remembers a careless attitude to where the chemicals wound up. PAUL DAVIDSON: So what they were actually doing was highly illegal. It was dumping the bloody chemicals into the creek and if it rained and everything – you can follow me down here – and you’ll see that that creek runs directly into the Brisbane River. MICK O’DONNELL: Even at the levels of toxicity officially allowed in the 70s, the herbicide 245T was powerful stuff. A runny, honey-coloured liquid, it was mixed with diesel to spray on noxious weeds. SID ARMSTRONG, QLD FORESTRY WORKER: Oh, yeah, it would really make you sick as a dog and the headaches were shocking, you know. MICK O’DONNELL: Forestry workers in Queensland and agriculture department workers in Western Australia often sprayed the chemical without protective clothing or masks…MICK O’DONNELL: In Brisbane, sister company Farm Chemicals Limited was also importing herbicide according to the Tariff Board inquiry. Paul Davidson recalls a strange batch arriving in 44 gallon drums. PAUL DAVIDSON: And it was as black as the ace of spades and on the top it was a lot like white crystal growth on the top of the drums so I thought: “Well, this doesn’t look right.” MICK O’DONNELL: Despite his objections, the leading hand was ordered to melt down the hardened 245T in vats of boiling water. Though it’s over 30 years ago, he remembers this because of the accident he suffered at the time. PAUL DAVIDSON: It flew out and went all over me and burnt me. Got a little bit on the arms but mainly went down and got inside – I know it sounds a bit funny but it wasn’t funny at the time – but it burnt my penis and my testicles. We ended up making T80 out of it and T40, which most of our stuff we supplied to the Queensland State Government, to the Lands Department, and also the Forestry Department. MICK O’DONNELL: The Queensland Government says it has been unable to find any trace of the rogue import, despite concern from ex-forestry workers up and down the State. MICK O’DONNELL: Do you believe that other workers in other parts of the country may also have been using chemical that had much higher levels than accepted at the time? PROF BRUCE ARMSTRONG: Well, I think again all one can do is speculate on this because we don’t know where it went. MICK O’DONNELL: In Victoria, workers and their families have been expressing their fears about the chemical since the late 70s. MAN (FILE FOOTAGE): And over the past five years, I suppose, we’ve used 250,000 gallons of the spray. ALBERT LITTLER, CFMEU: They’ve got kidney damage, some have got cancers – all have, or 99 per cent all have this breakout of skin. MICK O’DONNELL: Late last year, the CFMEU surveyed its workers in the Yarram district who believe they’d been affected. ALBERT LITTLER: I can’t prove that they were exposed to the rogue batch but information that we have – that it was distributed to various government departments. MICK O’DONNELL: In Queensland and Victoria, workers hope the WA example will prompt their own governments to act. EDDIE BUGDEN: I think it’s high time that a proper investigation was made and someone was brought to answer.

https://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2004/s1063294.htm

2007 March – 2010 September: Lardners Creek (Gellibrand). Pesticides: 2,4-D, MCPA

14/3/07 Lardners Creek (Gellibrand Water Supply) 2,4-D 0.02ug/L

13/9/10 Lardners Creek (Gellibrand Water Supply) MCPA 0.01ug/L

14/3/07 Lardners Creek (Gellibrand Water Supply) 2,4-D 0.02ug/L

13/9/10 Lardners Creek (Gellibrand Water Supply) MCPA 0.01ug/L

2015 July: Coonawarra South Australia. Vineyard Spraydrift

July 2015: Vineyard Spraying Coonawarra - [images sent by local residents].

July 2015: Vineyard Spraying Coonawarra – [images sent by local residents].

2015 August: Man Fined for Pesticide Misuse (animal baiting). Pesticide: Fenthion

Man fined for pesticide misuse

 

25 Aug, 2015

 

Source: The Land

 

A MAN has been fined $400 and cautioned by the NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) for the inappropriate use of an insecticide product containing the active constituent Fenthion for the purpose of baiting wild dogs, foxes and feral pigs on a property near Atholwood NSW.

The EPA issued the fine to the man because he had been using a registered pesticide contrary to an approved label.

He was also issued with an Official Caution under the Pesticides Regulation 2009 for applying the pesticide without relevant qualifications and for not keeping the required records.

Lindsay Fulloon, Manager Armidale Region, NSW EPA, said landowners need to understand their responsibilities when it comes to using pesticides.

“There is a Pesticide Control Order (PCO) that enables landholders to lawfully use 1080 bait products on their properties to control these pest animals – such as wild dogs, foxes and feral pigs," Mr Fulloon said.

“But the use of pesticide products for purposes other than those they are designed for can have serious environmental consequences.

“In this instance, the use of Fenthion for baiting pest animals could have impacted on non-target native and domestic animals in the area if matter had not been reported to the EPA”

The EPA emphasises the importance of completing a chemical users training program prior to applying pesticides, maintaining appropriate records of the use of any pesticides and applying the pesticide in accordance with the approved label directions.

“The EPA is both a regulator of the NSW environment and a resource for its protection,” Mr Fulloon said.

“We are available for consultation on environmental matters and are available to work with landholders to develop solutions to problems which do not lead to further environmental impacts.

“In this instance we have advised the man of the legal methods and requirements for controlling pest animals on agricultural land.”

NSW EPA

 

https://www.theland.com.au/news/agriculture/general/news/man-fined-for-pesticide-misuse/2741371.aspx

Man fined for pesticide misuse

25 Aug, 2015

Source: The Land

A MAN has been fined $400 and cautioned by the NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) for the inappropriate use of an insecticide product containing the active constituent Fenthion for the purpose of baiting wild dogs, foxes and feral pigs on a property near Atholwood NSW.

The EPA issued the fine to the man because he had been using a registered pesticide contrary to an approved label.

He was also issued with an Official Caution under the Pesticides Regulation 2009 for applying the pesticide without relevant qualifications and for not keeping the required records.

Lindsay Fulloon, Manager Armidale Region, NSW EPA, said landowners need to understand their responsibilities when it comes to using pesticides.

“There is a Pesticide Control Order (PCO) that enables landholders to lawfully use 1080 bait products on their properties to control these pest animals – such as wild dogs, foxes and feral pigs,” Mr Fulloon said.

“But the use of pesticide products for purposes other than those they are designed for can have serious environmental consequences.

“In this instance, the use of Fenthion for baiting pest animals could have impacted on non-target native and domestic animals in the area if matter had not been reported to the EPA”

The EPA emphasises the importance of completing a chemical users training program prior to applying pesticides, maintaining appropriate records of the use of any pesticides and applying the pesticide in accordance with the approved label directions.

“The EPA is both a regulator of the NSW environment and a resource for its protection,” Mr Fulloon said.

“We are available for consultation on environmental matters and are available to work with landholders to develop solutions to problems which do not lead to further environmental impacts.

“In this instance we have advised the man of the legal methods and requirements for controlling pest animals on agricultural land.”

NSW EPA

https://www.theland.com.au/news/agriculture/general/news/man-fined-for-pesticide-misuse/2741371.aspx

2014 May: Japan Warns Barley Exporters about Residues. Pesticides: Imazapyr, Imazapic

Japan warns barley exporters about residues

Source: Grains Research and Development Corporation. May 5 2014

Taking shortcuts in herbicide applications can have dire consequences for Australia’s market access; a recent detection in a marketing surveillance sample of Australian barley is a serious warning for anyone considering off-label herbicide use.

From February 2014, Japan increased its surveillance protocols for all barley shipments from Australia for the next five years.
Grain samples at the laboratory for tested. The sample extraction is performed in organic solvents using ultrasonication, which enhances the transfer of target compounds into solution. The solution is then tested for a range of pesticides.

The detection of Group B imidazolinone herbicides in a market surveillance sample of Australian barley has brought into sharp focus the threat that unacceptable pesticide residues pose to market access.

In February this year, the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries advised Australia that imazapyr and imazapic residues were detected at levels that exceeded Japanese import tolerances. The residues of imazapyr and imazapic also exceeded Australian standards.

Australia has now been put on notice, with Japan advising it will increase its surveillance protocols for all barley shipments from Australia for the next five years.

Intervix^® (imazapyr/imazamox) products are the only imidazolinone herbicides registered for use on barley in Australia and should be the only imidazolinone options considered for use. These Intervix^® products do not contain imazapic.

While imazapyr has a maximum residue limit (MRL) in Australia for barley (at or about 0.05 milligrams/kilogram, which means residues are not expected to be found), there is no corresponding MRL in Codex (the internationally agreed standard) or Japan.

In the absence of a barley MRL in Japan, both imazapyr and imazapic default to an acceptable detectable limit of 0.01mg/kg. Detections above this level constitute a violation.

There are no products containing the active ingredient imazapic registered for use on barley, so there is no corresponding MRL for this ingredient. Products containing imazapic are registered in Queensland and New South Wales for use at pre-sowing only and, if used according to label directions, no detectable residues are expected.

National Residue Survey

Due to the detected residue, all grain samples submitted to the National Residue Survey contract laboratory since late February 2014 have been subjected to an expanded multi-residue screen that includes all of the above-mentioned chemicals. So far, no further imizadolinone herbicides have been detected in more than 200 samples analysed.

Given the presence of imazapic in the marketing surveillance sample, the conclusion by specialists examining the case is that the chemical was used in-crop – an off-label use of the chemical.

Incorrect advice

Specialists are also worried about incorrect advice being given by advisers. A Western Australian agronomy company was recently found to be recommending on its website that barley growers use a mix of imazapyr and imazapic as a cheaper alternative to Intervix^® herbicides.

Investigators say such advice is probably being given by agronomists who are unaware of the serious market consequences of such an off-label recommendation.

In some states it is an offence to provide information or advice that is likely to lead a chemical user to contaminate their produce.

The issue is likely to require even greater vigilance as more crop varieties are being released in concert with specific chemical packages, which must be used according to approved label directions.

With Australian barley exports now being more closely scrutinised, specialists say it is more important than ever that growers and advisers adhere carefully to label recommendations, understand Australian MRL requirements and those of the intended market, and check thoroughly before considering alternative products or product mixes for the purposes of cost-cutting.

Andrew Weidemann, chair of Grain Producers Australia (GPA), says the residue detection needs to be “a wake-up call for growers” to make sure everyone understands the industry has trace-back requirements from markets and that growers must responsibly manage chemical applications: “It is not worth risking the market reputation of a whole industry,” Mr Weidemann says.

https://www.grdc.com.au/Media-Centre/Ground-Cover/GC110/Japan-warns-barley-exporters-about-residues#sthash.U8n7onXG.dpuf

Japan warns barley exporters about residues

Source: Grains Research and Development Corporation. May 5 2014

Taking shortcuts in herbicide applications can have dire consequences for Australia’s market access; a recent detection in a marketing surveillance sample of Australian barley is a serious warning for anyone considering off-label herbicide use.

From February 2014, Japan increased its surveillance protocols for all barley shipments from Australia for the next five years.
Grain samples at the laboratory for tested. The sample extraction is performed in organic solvents using ultrasonication, which enhances the transfer of target compounds into solution. The solution is then tested for a range of pesticides.

The detection of Group B imidazolinone herbicides in a market surveillance sample of Australian barley has brought into sharp focus the threat that unacceptable pesticide residues pose to market access.

In February this year, the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries advised Australia that imazapyr and imazapic residues were detected at levels that exceeded Japanese import tolerances. The residues of imazapyr and imazapic also exceeded Australian standards.

Australia has now been put on notice, with Japan advising it will increase its surveillance protocols for all barley shipments from Australia for the next five years.

Intervix^® (imazapyr/imazamox) products are the only imidazolinone herbicides registered for use on barley in Australia and should be the only imidazolinone options considered for use. These Intervix^® products do not contain imazapic.

While imazapyr has a maximum residue limit (MRL) in Australia for barley (at or about 0.05 milligrams/kilogram, which means residues are not expected to be found), there is no corresponding MRL in Codex (the internationally agreed standard) or Japan.

In the absence of a barley MRL in Japan, both imazapyr and imazapic default to an acceptable detectable limit of 0.01mg/kg. Detections above this level constitute a violation.

There are no products containing the active ingredient imazapic registered for use on barley, so there is no corresponding MRL for this ingredient. Products containing imazapic are registered in Queensland and New South Wales for use at pre-sowing only and, if used according to label directions, no detectable residues are expected.

National Residue Survey

Due to the detected residue, all grain samples submitted to the National Residue Survey contract laboratory since late February 2014 have been subjected to an expanded multi-residue screen that includes all of the above-mentioned chemicals. So far, no further imizadolinone herbicides have been detected in more than 200 samples analysed.

Given the presence of imazapic in the marketing surveillance sample, the conclusion by specialists examining the case is that the chemical was used in-crop – an off-label use of the chemical.

Incorrect advice

Specialists are also worried about incorrect advice being given by advisers. A Western Australian agronomy company was recently found to be recommending on its website that barley growers use a mix of imazapyr and imazapic as a cheaper alternative to Intervix^® herbicides.

Investigators say such advice is probably being given by agronomists who are unaware of the serious market consequences of such an off-label recommendation.

In some states it is an offence to provide information or advice that is likely to lead a chemical user to contaminate their produce.

The issue is likely to require even greater vigilance as more crop varieties are being released in concert with specific chemical packages, which must be used according to approved label directions.

With Australian barley exports now being more closely scrutinised, specialists say it is more important than ever that growers and advisers adhere carefully to label recommendations, understand Australian MRL requirements and those of the intended market, and check thoroughly before considering alternative products or product mixes for the purposes of cost-cutting.

Andrew Weidemann, chair of Grain Producers Australia (GPA), says the residue detection needs to be “a wake-up call for growers” to make sure everyone understands the industry has trace-back requirements from markets and that growers must responsibly manage chemical applications: “It is not worth risking the market reputation of a whole industry,” Mr Weidemann says.

https://www.grdc.com.au/Media-Centre/Ground-Cover/GC110/Japan-warns-barley-exporters-about-residues#sthash.U8n7onXG.dpuf

1979: North Heads Sydney. Pesticides and Heavy Metals detected in ocean fish. Pesticides:

Toxic Fish and Sewer Surfing
How deceit and collusion are destroying our great beaches

by Sharon Beder
first published by Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1989

3. Toxic Fish

"...The second study by the Fisheries Research Institute was kept secret for years. Attempts by STOP, the Australian Conservation Foundation and by the then shadow minister or the environment, Tim Moore, to find out the results of the study were unsuccessful. In the study (shown in figures 3.4 and 3.5), which was finally published in an obscure Department of Agriculture report in 1987, (FRI, Part II, undated), blue groper and red morwong were collected between 1977 and 1979 near the ocean outfalls and tested for pesticides. Three of 40 blue groper specimens exceeded NH&MRC maximum levels for dieldrin. Ten of 58 red morwong exceeded the same levels for dieldrin and five had DDT body burdens in excess of NH&MRC maximum levels for total DDT. At least one red morwong had DDT levels that were 64 times the NH&MRC maximum levels and one had levels of dieldrin at 13 times the maximum levels. PCBS (polychlorinated biphenyls) were also detected in high levels and Although the Fisheries Research Institute claimed that these were safe levels (the NH&MRC have not set limits for PCBs in food), the levels exceeded overseas standards."

https://www.herinst.org/sbeder/Books/toxicfish/chapter3/ch3b.html

Toxic Fish and Sewer Surfing
How deceit and collusion are destroying our great beaches

by Sharon Beder
first published by Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1989

3. Toxic Fish

“…The second study by the Fisheries Research Institute was kept secret for years. Attempts by STOP, the Australian Conservation Foundation and by the then shadow minister or the environment, Tim Moore, to find out the results of the study were unsuccessful. In the study (shown in figures 3.4 and 3.5), which was finally published in an obscure Department of Agriculture report in 1987, (FRI, Part II, undated), blue groper and red morwong were collected between 1977 and 1979 near the ocean outfalls and tested for pesticides. Three of 40 blue groper specimens exceeded NH&MRC maximum levels for dieldrin. Ten of 58 red morwong exceeded the same levels for dieldrin and five had DDT body burdens in excess of NH&MRC maximum levels for total DDT. At least one red morwong had DDT levels that were 64 times the NH&MRC maximum levels and one had levels of dieldrin at 13 times the maximum levels. PCBS (polychlorinated biphenyls) were also detected in high levels and Although the Fisheries Research Institute claimed that these were safe levels (the NH&MRC have not set limits for PCBs in food), the levels exceeded overseas standards.“

https://www.herinst.org/sbeder/Books/toxicfish/chapter3/ch3b.html

1973: Malabar (NSW) Pesticides and Heavy Metals detected in fish. Pesticide: Dieldrin

Toxic Fish and Sewer Surfing
How deceit and collusion are destroying our great beaches

by Sharon Beder
first published by Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1989

3. Toxic Fish

"...Very few surveys of the effect of industrial waste discharge on marine life have been carried out in Sydney and those that have have tended to concentrate on the existence and numbers of species. Recently an ex-Water Board employee, Ron Snape, a marine biologist, told the press that while he was conducting a survey of marine life of Sydney’s outfalls for the Board in 1973, he carried out tests for concentrations of heavy metals and organochlorines although this as not part of his brief. He claims that be found concentrations of mercury, zinc, cadmium and dieldrin in the samples caught near the Malabar outfall and the blackfish had six times the concentrations of mercury almost maximum safety levels for seafood. He says the Water Board did not want to know and he was forced to resign over it. He was coaxed back into their employment and completed the report of his 1973 survey in 1975 but claims that the report was heavily rewritten and distorted...

https://www.herinst.org/sbeder/Books/toxicfish/chapter3/ch3b.html

Toxic Fish and Sewer Surfing
How deceit and collusion are destroying our great beaches

by Sharon Beder
first published by Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1989

3. Toxic Fish

“…Very few surveys of the effect of industrial waste discharge on marine life have been carried out in Sydney and those that have have tended to concentrate on the existence and numbers of species. Recently an ex-Water Board employee, Ron Snape, a marine biologist, told the press that while he was conducting a survey of marine life of Sydney’s outfalls for the Board in 1973, he carried out tests for concentrations of heavy metals and organochlorines although this as not part of his brief. He claims that be found concentrations of mercury, zinc, cadmium and dieldrin in the samples caught near the Malabar outfall and the blackfish had six times the concentrations of mercury almost maximum safety levels for seafood. He says the Water Board did not want to know and he was forced to resign over it. He was coaxed back into their employment and completed the report of his 1973 survey in 1975 but claims that the report was heavily rewritten and distorted…

https://www.herinst.org/sbeder/Books/toxicfish/chapter3/ch3b.html

2011 June: Zetland 50 year old pesticide dropped off. Pesticide: DDT

Sydney clean out rounds up 16 bottles of DDT Thursday, 23 June 2011

The NSW Government’s CleanOut Collections Program achieved one of its major aims at a collection in the inner Sydney suburb of Zetland recently, when a householder dropped off 16 bottles of 1940s-manufactured DDT.-Believed to have been stored in a garage for more than 50 years, the haul verifies the program aims to capture old stocks of banned and illegal substances and keep dangerous materials out of the environment and waste stream. Glen Sheffer of the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water’s (DECCW) Sustainability Programs Division said while organochlorines and PCBs were dropped off fairly frequently at collections, the labelled DDT bottles were unusual. “This householder absolutely did the right thing by dropping these off at their local collection,” he said. “These dangerous toxins would have been sitting in a garage for years. Now they’re securely out of the environment and out of anyone’s home to be safely destroyed and properly disposed of by our contactor, Chemsal.” Sheffer said DECCW has run more than 340 collections since the CleanOut service was set up in 2003, with 138,000 householders depositing more than 5,000 tonnes of potentially hazardous materials. The Clean Out Collections are funded by DECCW’s Resource Recovery section and hosted by councils across Sydney, Hunter and Illawarra. Funding is also provided to regional councils to run their own CleanOut Collection service DDT, or Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, was banned in Australia in 1987. Internationally its use has been linked to breast, prostrate and liver cancers, miscarriage and diabetes, as well as animal species loss.

 

https://www.ben-global.com/storyview.asp?storyID=9577257&section=Select+Site+Section&sectionsource=&aspdsc=yes

Sydney clean out rounds up 16 bottles of DDT Thursday, 23 June 2011

The NSW Government’s CleanOut Collections Program achieved one of its major aims at a collection in the inner Sydney suburb of Zetland recently, when a householder dropped off 16 bottles of 1940s-manufactured DDT.-Believed to have been stored in a garage for more than 50 years, the haul verifies the program aims to capture old stocks of banned and illegal substances and keep dangerous materials out of the environment and waste stream. Glen Sheffer of the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water’s (DECCW) Sustainability Programs Division said while organochlorines and PCBs were dropped off fairly frequently at collections, the labelled DDT bottles were unusual. “This householder absolutely did the right thing by dropping these off at their local collection,” he said. “These dangerous toxins would have been sitting in a garage for years. Now they’re securely out of the environment and out of anyone’s home to be safely destroyed and properly disposed of by our contactor, Chemsal.” Sheffer said DECCW has run more than 340 collections since the CleanOut service was set up in 2003, with 138,000 householders depositing more than 5,000 tonnes of potentially hazardous materials. The Clean Out Collections are funded by DECCW’s Resource Recovery section and hosted by councils across Sydney, Hunter and Illawarra. Funding is also provided to regional councils to run their own CleanOut Collection service DDT, or Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, was banned in Australia in 1987. Internationally its use has been linked to breast, prostrate and liver cancers, miscarriage and diabetes, as well as animal species loss.

https://www.ben-global.com/storyview.asp?storyID=9577257&section=Select+Site+Section&sectionsource=&aspdsc=yes

2013 October: Murray’s Flat (NSW) Truck Accident. Pesticide: Glyphosate

EPA monitoring pesticide clean up after Hume Highway truck accident

Media release: 11 October 2013

The NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) is monitoring the clean up of a large spill of pesticide (Roundup) following a truck accident near Murray’s Flat on the Hume Highway about 10km north of Goulburn.

The owner of the truck, Wadley's Transport, is complying with its clean up responsibilities and a range of recovery and clean up resources have been mobilised from Goulburn and Sydney. Emergency services attended the accident scene last night. NSW Roads and Maritime Services are now the lead agency and the EPA and Sydney Catchment Authority are assisting to monitor the clean up of the site.

We are not aware of any significant environmental impacts at this stage.

EPA monitoring pesticide clean up after Hume Highway truck accident

Media release: 11 October 2013

The NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) is monitoring the clean up of a large spill of pesticide (Roundup) following a truck accident near Murray’s Flat on the Hume Highway about 10km north of Goulburn.

The owner of the truck, Wadley’s Transport, is complying with its clean up responsibilities and a range of recovery and clean up resources have been mobilised from Goulburn and Sydney. Emergency services attended the accident scene last night. NSW Roads and Maritime Services are now the lead agency and the EPA and Sydney Catchment Authority are assisting to monitor the clean up of the site.

We are not aware of any significant environmental impacts at this stage.

2010 March: Illegal Dumping of Pesticide near Fitzroy Reservoir

Illegal poison dumping probed
March 14, 2010 South Coast Register

AS much as 100 litres of herbicide is believed to have been illegally dumped next to a water catchment at Fitzroy Reservoir last Thursday.

A Burrawang-based Sydney Catchment Authority (SCA) officer was doing a routine check when he discovered the pink coloured substance 100 metres east of the intersection of Nowra and Myra Vale roads at 9am.

Moss Vale firefighters and a Shoalhaven Hazmat team helped contain the spill, some of which was believed to have gone into the water, while most of the liquid was soaked up in the soil.

“There was no danger to anybody, but as a precaution the soil was removed,” NSW Fire Brigade Inspector Graham Jarrett said.

Wingecarribee Council removed one cubic metre of contaminated soil and the SCA took samples for analysis.

The clean-up was complete by 12.30pm and Bowral Police were notified.

There are SCA pesticide spraying notification signs at the reservoir and an SCA spokesperson said the matter was being looked into.

“The spilt material will be tested to determine exactly what it is, and this will help with our line of enquiries as to possible sources,” she said.

“Those lines of enquiry also routinely include any of our contractors operating in the area.”

The SCA is also investigating reports of a similar material seen in Burrawang on the Southern Highlands.

https://www.southcoastregister.com.au/story/1005562/illegal-poison-dumping-probed/

Illegal poison dumping probed
March 14, 2010 South Coast Register

AS much as 100 litres of herbicide is believed to have been illegally dumped next to a water catchment at Fitzroy Reservoir last Thursday.

A Burrawang-based Sydney Catchment Authority (SCA) officer was doing a routine check when he discovered the pink coloured substance 100 metres east of the intersection of Nowra and Myra Vale roads at 9am.

Moss Vale firefighters and a Shoalhaven Hazmat team helped contain the spill, some of which was believed to have gone into the water, while most of the liquid was soaked up in the soil.

“There was no danger to anybody, but as a precaution the soil was removed,” NSW Fire Brigade Inspector Graham Jarrett said.

Wingecarribee Council removed one cubic metre of contaminated soil and the SCA took samples for analysis.

The clean-up was complete by 12.30pm and Bowral Police were notified.

There are SCA pesticide spraying notification signs at the reservoir and an SCA spokesperson said the matter was being looked into.

“The spilt material will be tested to determine exactly what it is, and this will help with our line of enquiries as to possible sources,” she said.

“Those lines of enquiry also routinely include any of our contractors operating in the area.”

The SCA is also investigating reports of a similar material seen in Burrawang on the Southern Highlands.

https://www.southcoastregister.com.au/story/1005562/illegal-poison-dumping-probed/

2015 April: Ascot (WA) Pesticide Truck Rollover

Ascot pesticide truck rollover
April 21, 2015

Early morning traffic around Ascot was delayed on Tuesday after a road train carrying pesticides rolled over on Great Eastern Highway near the Tonkin Highway overpass.

The driver received minor injuries while firecrews attended the accident.

No spills were detected and a crane was used to right the vehicle.
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Main Roads reported the crash was cleared.

https://www.watoday.com.au/wa-news/ascot-pesticide-truck-rollover-20150420-1mphl3.html

Ascot pesticide truck rollover
April 21, 2015

Early morning traffic around Ascot was delayed on Tuesday after a road train carrying pesticides rolled over on Great Eastern Highway near the Tonkin Highway overpass.

The driver received minor injuries while firecrews attended the accident.

No spills were detected and a crane was used to right the vehicle.
Advertisement

Main Roads reported the crash was cleared.

https://www.watoday.com.au/wa-news/ascot-pesticide-truck-rollover-20150420-1mphl3.html

2012 April: Southern Farming Belt (WA) Spray Drift – 18 Cases in One Season.

Spray drift damage a part of farming in Australia

12 Apr 2012 ABC Rural

Damage from spray drift into neighbouring properties is an inevitable part of agriculture in Australia, according to the country's largest rural claims consultancy.

Cerno Agriculture is a loss assessment company that is contracted by farmers and insurance companies when there is a compensation claim after events like spray drift.

General manager Ken Bullen says he deals with a number of spray drift compensation claims every year in WA, ranging in value from a couple of thousand dollars to in some cases excess of a million dollars.

He says last season his company dealt with 18 claims in WA for spray drift damage, in the year before this figure was approximately 30.

"The southern farming belt was a little higher in number proportionately wise and I attribute that to it's more closely settled in some areas there, and also a bit more broken up in terms of planting windows and spraying opportunities, and that's usually when you get more trouble in terms of spray drift is when someone next door has a crop emerged and then spraying occurs on a neighbouring property," he says.

He says changing winds are the biggest cause of spray drift damage, and the higher the spray application the greater the risk of drift. The largest compensation claims came from aerial spraying.

Mr Bullen says spray drift is an inevitable part of agriculture.

"I believe it is, I believe it can be minimised and good farming practices will certainly achieve minimising but it's impossible to stop drift to some extent because once the droplets are released in the air you've got no control over them," he says.

"The way to deal with a lot of this stuff is communication between neighbours, if they communicate before they spray and communicate after there is a problem you tend to not get as many issues."

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-04-12/spray-drift-damage-a-part-of-farming-in-australia/6036996

Spray drift damage a part of farming in Australia

12 Apr 2012 ABC Rural

Damage from spray drift into neighbouring properties is an inevitable part of agriculture in Australia, according to the country’s largest rural claims consultancy.

Cerno Agriculture is a loss assessment company that is contracted by farmers and insurance companies when there is a compensation claim after events like spray drift.

General manager Ken Bullen says he deals with a number of spray drift compensation claims every year in WA, ranging in value from a couple of thousand dollars to in some cases excess of a million dollars.

He says last season his company dealt with 18 claims in WA for spray drift damage, in the year before this figure was approximately 30.

“The southern farming belt was a little higher in number proportionately wise and I attribute that to it’s more closely settled in some areas there, and also a bit more broken up in terms of planting windows and spraying opportunities, and that’s usually when you get more trouble in terms of spray drift is when someone next door has a crop emerged and then spraying occurs on a neighbouring property,” he says.

He says changing winds are the biggest cause of spray drift damage, and the higher the spray application the greater the risk of drift. The largest compensation claims came from aerial spraying.

Mr Bullen says spray drift is an inevitable part of agriculture.

“I believe it is, I believe it can be minimised and good farming practices will certainly achieve minimising but it’s impossible to stop drift to some extent because once the droplets are released in the air you’ve got no control over them,” he says.

“The way to deal with a lot of this stuff is communication between neighbours, if they communicate before they spray and communicate after there is a problem you tend to not get as many issues.”

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-04-12/spray-drift-damage-a-part-of-farming-in-australia/6036996

2010? Southern Riverland (SA). Vineyards at Risk. Pesticide: 2,4-D

AUSTRALIAN WINE INDUSTRY SPRAY RISK

 

An article written by Mark Hamilton for Australia & New Zealand

Grapegrower & Winemaker Magazine

 

...With the dramatic increase in vineyard plantings in Australia in the last five years there is an increasing problem caused by farmers using highly volatile chemical sprays to eliminate weed growth in paddocks adjacent to or in the vicinity of vineyards. This has, in particular, been caused by farmers using Ester 2 4-D to suppress weed growth in paddocks prior to cropping activities.

 

In the last 12 months an increasing number of incidents have been reported including in the southern Riverland and in the south-east of South Australia. During the last 12 months I have obtained separate injunctions from the Supreme Court of South Australia for a group of 21 southern Riverland grape growers and for a vine nursery operator in the south-east of South Australia restraining local farmers from breaching governmental spraying guidelines in their future spraying activities. Any future breach of the injunctive orders would be potentially punishable as a contempt of court...

AUSTRALIAN WINE INDUSTRY SPRAY RISK

An article written by Mark Hamilton for Australia & New Zealand

Grapegrower & Winemaker Magazine

…With the dramatic increase in vineyard plantings in Australia in the last five years there

is an increasing problem caused by farmers using highly volatile chemical sprays to

eliminate weed growth in paddocks adjacent to or in the vicinity of vineyards. This has,

in particular, been caused by farmers using Ester 2 4-D to suppress weed growth in

paddocks prior to cropping activities.

In the last 12 months an increasing number of incidents have been reported including

in the southern Riverland and in the south-east of South Australia. During the last

12 months I have obtained separate injunctions from the Supreme Court of South

Australia for a group of 21 southern Riverland grape growers and for a vine nursery

operator in the south-east of South Australia restraining local farmers from breaching

governmental spraying guidelines in their future spraying activities. Any future breach

of the injunctive orders would be potentially punishable as a contempt of court…

2008-2009: Clare Valley Grapevine Damage. Pesticide: 2,4-D

Spray Drift Awareness Issue 1 2010 (Barossa Grape and Wine)

In previous seasons (e.g. 2008-2009) grapevines in the Clare Valley experienced extensive damage to grapevine productivity and yield as a result of 2,4-D spray drift. Whilst 2,4-D products are not registered for use in vineyards, it can be used in other agricultural systems. The product however is strictly regulated in terms of timing i.e. it is banned each year between September 1 and April 30 and restrictions apply for droplet size and wind speed.

Spray Drift Awareness Issue 1 2010 (Barossa Grape and Wine)

In previous seasons (e.g. 2008-2009) grapevines in the Clare Valley experienced extensive damage to grapevine productivity and yield as a result of 2,4-D spray drift. Whilst 2,4-D products are not registered for use in vineyards, it can be used in other agricultural systems. The product however is strictly regulated in terms of timing i.e. it is banned each year between September 1 and April 30 and restrictions apply for droplet size and wind speed.

2008 October: Premer (NSW) Neonicotinoids suspected in Bee Problems

“Last October, I was helping Jack Alt of Deepwater, New South Wales shift a sizable load of bees, from a NEONIC seed treated canola plot at Premer NSW. We were shifting the bees back onto clover, closer to Jack's home. Although the bees had been on a bumper crop of canola, Jack was disturbed that his load of 250 hives had suffered premature swarming, loss of queens, loss of bee numbers and dead outs. Jack then replaced queens, kept working the bees (as we all would), and kept the load on clover for the next few weeks. I observed the same hives later on a Silver Leaf [Iron Bark] flow. In my opinion they were half the bees they should have been, or less.  This was Jack’s second Adverse Experience with his bees foraging canola over the last two years. I asked Jack “Do you think that this may be because of the seed treatment on canola?” Jack replied, “I don’t think we’ll be working canola anymore.” Jack is concerned about the pollen of Turnip Weed and Salvation Jane coming up afterwards, in the same paddocks.”

https://www.buzzaboutbees.net/australias-honey-bees.html

“Last October, I was helping Jack Alt of Deepwater, New South Wales shift a sizable load of bees, from a NEONIC seed treated canola plot at Premer NSW. We were shifting the bees back onto clover, closer to Jack’s home. Although the bees had been on a bumper crop of canola, Jack was disturbed that his load of 250 hives had suffered premature swarming, loss of queens, loss of bee numbers and dead outs. Jack then replaced queens, kept working the bees (as we all would), and kept the load on clover for the next few weeks. I observed the same hives later on a Silver Leaf [Iron Bark] flow. In my opinion they were half the bees they should have been, or less.  This was Jack’s second Adverse Experience with his bees foraging canola over the last two years. I asked Jack “Do you think that this may be because of the seed treatment on canola?” Jack replied, “I don’t think we’ll be working canola anymore.” Jack is concerned about the pollen of Turnip Weed and Salvation Jane coming up afterwards, in the same paddocks.”

https://www.buzzaboutbees.net/australias-honey-bees.html

2014 February: Pottsville (NSW) Loss of Beehives. Pesticides Suspected.

Beekeepers hit with big losses as bees turn up dead

2nd Feb 2014 Tweed Daily News

HONEY producers are facing an environmental disaster with hives being destroyed or abandoned - and some are blaming the crisis on pesticides.

Murwillumbah horticulturist Luke Page cultivated bees for the past 18 months and believes his hives were affected by bug sprays.

"Recently I found a hive and all that was left of the bees was their skeletons.

"The bee is dead on the inside and the outside, and that's consistent with pesticide poisoning," he said.

He has ruled out all growers in Tweed bar corn because they are sprayed daily. 

Mr Page admits the reason for the death of his bees is based on speculation, but his suspicions were confirmed by others in the region.

"I have spoken to a gentleman in Pottsville and he had hives go in a similar way."

Adding to complexity, farmers say they are using pesticides which are perfectly legal.

"We spray Australian standard pesticides first thing in the morning, when there is no breeze, so bees don't get into it," Cugden corn farmer Ross Julius said.

However, as of late, bee keepers who normally bring hives as a pollination service, in-kind for nectar, have not visited Mr Julius' property.

"You'd have to ask them why they don't bring their hives anymore," he told the Daily News.

Doug Paddon, another grower from Cudgen, says to prevent bee deaths farmers must be strategic.

"I have wild bees in a shed to pollinate many crops. When they're active I don't spray and when they're dormant I do spray, but only at night when other bees are not working."

The Daily News' community paper, the Tweed Border Mail, reported this week a devastation of Australian honey bees following a feral beetle infestation, climate change and disappearing disease.

https://www.tweeddailynews.com.au/news/beekeepers-hit-with-big-losses/2156501/

Beekeepers hit with big losses as bees turn up dead

2nd Feb 2014 Tweed Daily News

HONEY producers are facing an environmental disaster with hives being destroyed or abandoned – and some are blaming the crisis on pesticides.

Murwillumbah horticulturist Luke Page cultivated bees for the past 18 months and believes his hives were affected by bug sprays.

“Recently I found a hive and all that was left of the bees was their skeletons.

“The bee is dead on the inside and the outside, and that’s consistent with pesticide poisoning,” he said.

He has ruled out all growers in Tweed bar corn because they are sprayed daily. 

Mr Page admits the reason for the death of his bees is based on speculation, but his suspicions were confirmed by others in the region.

“I have spoken to a gentleman in Pottsville and he had hives go in a similar way.”

Adding to complexity, farmers say they are using pesticides which are perfectly legal.

“We spray Australian standard pesticides first thing in the morning, when there is no breeze, so bees don’t get into it,” Cugden corn farmer Ross Julius said.

However, as of late, bee keepers who normally bring hives as a pollination service, in-kind for nectar, have not visited Mr Julius’ property.

“You’d have to ask them why they don’t bring their hives anymore,” he told the Daily News.

Doug Paddon, another grower from Cudgen, says to prevent bee deaths farmers must be strategic.

“I have wild bees in a shed to pollinate many crops. When they’re active I don’t spray and when they’re dormant I do spray, but only at night when other bees are not working.”

The Daily News’ community paper, the Tweed Border Mail, reported this week a devastation of Australian honey bees following a feral beetle infestation, climate change and disappearing disease.

https://www.tweeddailynews.com.au/news/beekeepers-hit-with-big-losses/2156501/

2014 February: Murwillumbah (Qld). Bee Hives Destroyed. Pesticides Suspected.

Beekeepers hit with big losses as bees turn up dead

2nd Feb 2014 Tweed Daily News

HONEY producers are facing an environmental disaster with hives being destroyed or abandoned - and some are blaming the crisis on pesticides.

Murwillumbah horticulturist Luke Page cultivated bees for the past 18 months and believes his hives were affected by bug sprays.

"Recently I found a hive and all that was left of the bees was their skeletons.

"The bee is dead on the inside and the outside, and that's consistent with pesticide poisoning," he said.

He has ruled out all growers in Tweed bar corn because they are sprayed daily. 

Mr Page admits the reason for the death of his bees is based on speculation, but his suspicions were confirmed by others in the region.

"I have spoken to a gentleman in Pottsville and he had hives go in a similar way."

Adding to complexity, farmers say they are using pesticides which are perfectly legal.

"We spray Australian standard pesticides first thing in the morning, when there is no breeze, so bees don't get into it," Cugden corn farmer Ross Julius said.

However, as of late, bee keepers who normally bring hives as a pollination service, in-kind for nectar, have not visited Mr Julius' property.

"You'd have to ask them why they don't bring their hives anymore," he told the Daily News.

Doug Paddon, another grower from Cudgen, says to prevent bee deaths farmers must be strategic.

"I have wild bees in a shed to pollinate many crops. When they're active I don't spray and when they're dormant I do spray, but only at night when other bees are not working."

The Daily News' community paper, the Tweed Border Mail, reported this week a devastation of Australian honey bees following a feral beetle infestation, climate change and disappearing disease.

https://www.tweeddailynews.com.au/news/beekeepers-hit-with-big-losses/2156501/

Beekeepers hit with big losses as bees turn up dead

2nd Feb 2014 Tweed Daily News

HONEY producers are facing an environmental disaster with hives being destroyed or abandoned – and some are blaming the crisis on pesticides.

Murwillumbah horticulturist Luke Page cultivated bees for the past 18 months and believes his hives were affected by bug sprays.

“Recently I found a hive and all that was left of the bees was their skeletons.

“The bee is dead on the inside and the outside, and that’s consistent with pesticide poisoning,” he said.

He has ruled out all growers in Tweed bar corn because they are sprayed daily. 

Mr Page admits the reason for the death of his bees is based on speculation, but his suspicions were confirmed by others in the region.

“I have spoken to a gentleman in Pottsville and he had hives go in a similar way.”

Adding to complexity, farmers say they are using pesticides which are perfectly legal.

“We spray Australian standard pesticides first thing in the morning, when there is no breeze, so bees don’t get into it,” Cugden corn farmer Ross Julius said.

However, as of late, bee keepers who normally bring hives as a pollination service, in-kind for nectar, have not visited Mr Julius’ property.

“You’d have to ask them why they don’t bring their hives anymore,” he told the Daily News.

Doug Paddon, another grower from Cudgen, says to prevent bee deaths farmers must be strategic.

“I have wild bees in a shed to pollinate many crops. When they’re active I don’t spray and when they’re dormant I do spray, but only at night when other bees are not working.”

The Daily News’ community paper, the Tweed Border Mail, reported this week a devastation of Australian honey bees following a feral beetle infestation, climate change and disappearing disease.

https://www.tweeddailynews.com.au/news/beekeepers-hit-with-big-losses/2156501/

2014 December: Bairnsdale (Vic) Weed Killer in drug Ice.

‘Weed killer’ ice

Dec. 4, 2014 Gippsland Times

THREE men remain in intensive care, while another man is in a stable condition at Central Gippsland Health Service, Sale, after taking crystal methamphetamine, which was possibly laced with weed killer.

Two men who had smoked or ingested the drug, commonly known as ice, presented to Monash Medical Centre on November 19.

The men, aged 26 and 24 from Melbourne’s south-eastern suburbs, are now in intensive care.

Two other men, both aged 21, presented to Bairnsdale Regional Health Service last week, with one man in intensive care at The Alfred while the other is in a stable condition at Central Gippsland Health Service.

Police confirmed a batch of crystal methamphetamine, known as ice, triggered a severe respiratory reaction that caused the men to be hospitalised.

It has been reported the batch was mixed with weed killer, with friends of the men also suffering similar, but less severe, symptoms.

All four men who have been hospitalised are known to each other and detectives say a number of their associates also experienced similar symptoms such as a cough, shortness of breath, chest pains and fever.

Detectives are asking these associates and others with information to come forward to help uncover links between the cases.
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A sample of the batch has been provided anonymously and police are testing the substance.

A Victoria Police spokeswoman said the incident highlighted the dangers of illicit substances.

“It is a timely reminder for anyone who believes there is a ‘good batch’ or ‘bad batch’ of any drug to think again and remember that you gamble with your life every time you choose to use an illegal substance,” she said.

“You just don’t know what you are putting into your body.”

Central Gippsland Health Service has admitted several people this year for drug-related issues, including this latest case.

CGHS chief executive office Dr Frank Evans said while drugs and alcohol were an increasing problem in communities, the hospital was well prepared for admissions.

“We had several admissions in the last week as a result of suspected laced ice,” Dr Evans said.

“One patient was transferred to Melbourne and the other treated the Sale hospital.”

https://www.gippslandtimes.com.au/story/2741854/weed-killer-ice/

‘Weed killer’ ice

Dec. 4, 2014 Gippsland Times

THREE men remain in intensive care, while another man is in a stable condition at Central Gippsland Health Service, Sale, after taking crystal methamphetamine, which was possibly laced with weed killer.

Two men who had smoked or ingested the drug, commonly known as ice, presented to Monash Medical Centre on November 19.

The men, aged 26 and 24 from Melbourne’s south-eastern suburbs, are now in intensive care.

Two other men, both aged 21, presented to Bairnsdale Regional Health Service last week, with one man in intensive care at The Alfred while the other is in a stable condition at Central Gippsland Health Service.

Police confirmed a batch of crystal methamphetamine, known as ice, triggered a severe respiratory reaction that caused the men to be hospitalised.

It has been reported the batch was mixed with weed killer, with friends of the men also suffering similar, but less severe, symptoms.

All four men who have been hospitalised are known to each other and detectives say a number of their associates also experienced similar symptoms such as a cough, shortness of breath, chest pains and fever.

Detectives are asking these associates and others with information to come forward to help uncover links between the cases.
See your ad here

A sample of the batch has been provided anonymously and police are testing the substance.

A Victoria Police spokeswoman said the incident highlighted the dangers of illicit substances.

“It is a timely reminder for anyone who believes there is a ‘good batch’ or ‘bad batch’ of any drug to think again and remember that you gamble with your life every time you choose to use an illegal substance,” she said.

“You just don’t know what you are putting into your body.”

Central Gippsland Health Service has admitted several people this year for drug-related issues, including this latest case.

CGHS chief executive office Dr Frank Evans said while drugs and alcohol were an increasing problem in communities, the hospital was well prepared for admissions.

“We had several admissions in the last week as a result of suspected laced ice,” Dr Evans said.

“One patient was transferred to Melbourne and the other treated the Sale hospital.”

https://www.gippslandtimes.com.au/story/2741854/weed-killer-ice/

2014 September: Kyabram Prosecuted for Fruit Contamination. Pesticide: Propiconazole

Kyabram grower prosecuted for fruit contamination

• The Weekly Times
• September 09, 2014 9:38AM

UPDATE: A KYABRAM fruit grower has been prosecuted for producing quince contaminated with a fungicide.

The Department of Environment and Primary Industries pursued the case and the grower was given a two year good behaviour bond without conviction and required to contribute $1000 to the court fund for the breaches.

The court also ordered that the accused pay service costs.

The case was heard in the Melbourne Magistrates’ Court recently.

The offending grower was pursued by DEPI after repeated noncompliance and had been caught selling contaminated quinces at the Melbourne Wholesale Market on five previous occasions.

The farm worker who sprayed the chemical — which is not approved for use on quinces — on the fruit also received an infringement notice.

DEPI statewide chemicals specialist Steven Field said it was the first time anyone had been prosecuted under this particular section of the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act 1992.

The act has been in place for several years and DEPI conducts regular tests throughout the year.

Mr Field said the successful prosecution was a result of “significant” DEPI investigations.

“The investigation revealed that a registered product containing the active constituent propiconazole had been applied to the quince,” Mr Field said.

Propiconazole is not registered for use on quinces and therefore there is no maximum residue limit set by either Food Standards Australia and New Zealand or Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority.

“Therefore there must be no detectable residues in these foods,” Mr Field said.

If a chemical, for which there is no MRL, is detected in agricultural produce, then the produce is defined as contaminated under the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act 1992, Mr Field said.

“MRLs are set for agricultural and veterinary chemicals in agricultural produce, particularly produce entering the food chain,” he said.

“These MRLs are set at levels which are not likely to be exceeded if the agricultural or veterinary chemicals are used in accordance with approved label instructions.

“This was a difficult case, with numerous complications, and if not for the dedication of DEPI staff, there may not have been a successful conviction.”

DEPI will continue to monitor the grower to ensure he has implemented adequate systems and processes to prevent contamination of his produce occurring again.

https://www.weeklytimesnow.com.au/agribusiness/horticulture/kyabram-grower-prosecuted-for-fruit-contamination/story-fnker6g8-1227052336100

Kyabram grower prosecuted for fruit contamination

• The Weekly Times
• September 09, 2014 9:38AM

 

Busted: The investigation revealed that a registered product — not approved for use on quinces — containing the active constituent propiconazole had been applied to the quince. Picture: News Corp Australia

UPDATE: A KYABRAM fruit grower has been prosecuted for producing quince contaminated with a fungicide.

The Department of Environment and Primary Industries pursued the case and the grower was given a two year good behaviour bond without conviction and required to contribute $1000 to the court fund for the breaches.

The court also ordered that the accused pay service costs.

The case was heard in the Melbourne Magistrates’ Court recently.

The offending grower was pursued by DEPI after repeated noncompliance and had been caught selling contaminated quinces at the Melbourne Wholesale Market on five previous occasions.

The farm worker who sprayed the chemical — which is not approved for use on quinces — on the fruit also received an infringement notice.

DEPI statewide chemicals specialist Steven Field said it was the first time anyone had been prosecuted under this particular section of the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act 1992.

The act has been in place for several years and DEPI conducts regular tests throughout the year.

Mr Field said the successful prosecution was a result of “significant” DEPI investigations.

“The investigation revealed that a registered product containing the active constituent propiconazole had been applied to the quince,” Mr Field said.

Propiconazole is not registered for use on quinces and therefore there is no maximum residue limit set by either Food Standards Australia and New Zealand or Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority.

“Therefore there must be no detectable residues in these foods,” Mr Field said.

If a chemical, for which there is no MRL, is detected in agricultural produce, then the produce is defined as contaminated under the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act 1992, Mr Field said.

“MRLs are set for agricultural and veterinary chemicals in agricultural produce, particularly produce entering the food chain,” he said.

“These MRLs are set at levels which are not likely to be exceeded if the agricultural or veterinary chemicals are used in accordance with approved label instructions.

“This was a difficult case, with numerous complications, and if not for the dedication of DEPI staff, there may not have been a successful conviction.”

DEPI will continue to monitor the grower to ensure he has implemented adequate systems and processes to prevent contamination of his produce occurring again.

https://www.weeklytimesnow.com.au/agribusiness/horticulture/kyabram-grower-prosecuted-for-fruit-contamination/story-fnker6g8-1227052336100

2013 September – 2016 September: Longford (Tas) Drinking Water. Pesticides: 2,4-D, MCPA, Simazine

Longford

Source: Right to Information Act

26/9/13: 0.12ug/L 2,4-D

26/9/13: 0.27ug/L MCPA

TasWater Annual Drinking Water Quality Report 2014-15

3/9/14: MCPA 0.29ug/L 

29/10/14: MCPA 0.64ug/L

Flushing the lines and investigate monitoring undertaken. Retests conducted on 18/9/14 with Trace Levels MCPA (0.2ug/L) and 2,4-D 0.05ug/L... 29 Oct 2014 Trace MCPA 0.64ug/L Lines were flushed and investigative monitoring undertaken in distribution and raw water - retests all clear.

17/3/16: MCPA 0.03ug/L (Lyttleton St Toilets)

Annual Drinking Water Quality Report - Appendix C Supporting Data Part A (Systems A-L)

17/8/16: MCPA 0.08ug/L (Macquarie River)

30/8/16: MCPA 0.03ug/L (Macquarie River)

7/9/16: MCPA 0.1ug/L (Macquarie River)

7/9/16: Simazine 0.02ug/L (Macquarie River)

TasWater Raw Pesticide data by system v4

Longford

Source: Right to Information Act

26/9/13: 0.12ug/L 2,4-D

26/9/13: 0.27ug/L MCPA

TasWater Annual Drinking Water Quality Report 2014-15

3/9/14: MCPA 0.29ug/L

29/10/14: MCPA 0.64ug/L

Flushing the lines and investigate monitoring undertaken. Retests conducted on 18/9/14 with Trace Levels MCPA (0.2ug/L) and 2,4-D 0.05ug/L… 29 Oct 2014 Trace MCPA 0.64ug/L Lines were flushed and investigative monitoring undertaken in distribution and raw water – retests all clear.

17/3/16: MCPA 0.03ug/L (Lyttleton St Toilets)

Annual Drinking Water Quality Report – Appendix C Supporting Data Part A (Systems A-L)

17/8/16: MCPA 0.08ug/L (Macquarie River)

30/8/16: MCPA 0.03ug/L (Macquarie River)

7/9/16: MCPA 0.1ug/L (Macquarie River)

7/9/16: Simazine 0.02ug/L (Macquarie River)

TasWater Raw Pesticide data by system v4

2011 June: Green Hill Lake Post Locust Spray. Pesticide: Carbaryl

An Assessment of Effects of the 2010-2011 Australian Plague Locust Response on Victorian Aquatic Ecosystems 

Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management Technical Report #9

Bryant Gagliardi, Sara Long, Gavin Rose, Lisa Golding, Jason Lieschke, Tara Daw Quadros, Leon Metzeling, Vincent Pettigrove.

December 2011

6/6/11: Green Hill Lake Carbaryl 0.002ug/L

https://www.energyandresources.vic.gov.au/energy?a=163202

An Assessment of Effects of the 2010-2011 Australian Plague Locust Response on Victorian Aquatic Ecosystems 

Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management Technical Report #9

Bryant Gagliardi, Sara Long, Gavin Rose, Lisa Golding, Jason Lieschke, Tara Daw Quadros, Leon Metzeling, Vincent Pettigrove.

December 2011

6/6/11: Green Hill Lake Carbaryl 0.002ug/L

https://www.energyandresources.vic.gov.au/energy?a=163202

2011 February: Lake Buninjon Post Locust Spraying. Pesticide: Fipronil

An Assessment of Effects of the 2010-2011 Australian Plague Locust Response on Victorian Aquatic Ecosystems 

Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management Technical Report #9

Bryant Gagliardi, Sara Long, Gavin Rose, Lisa Golding, Jason Lieschke, Tara Daw Quadros, Leon Metzeling, Vincent Pettigrove.

December 2011

Insecticides measured above limit of detection in surface waters

17/2/11: Post-Spray Lake Buninjon Fipronil 0.001ug/L

17/2/11: Post-Spray Lake Buninjon Fipronil Sulfone 0.001ug/L

https://www.energyandresources.vic.gov.au/energy?a=163202

An Assessment of Effects of the 2010-2011 Australian Plague Locust Response on Victorian Aquatic Ecosystems 

Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management Technical Report #9

Bryant Gagliardi, Sara Long, Gavin Rose, Lisa Golding, Jason Lieschke, Tara Daw Quadros, Leon Metzeling, Vincent Pettigrove.

December 2011

Insecticides measured above limit of detection in surface waters

17/2/11: Post-Spray Lake Buninjon Fipronil 0.001ug/L

17/2/11: Post-Spray Lake Buninjon Fipronil Sulfone 0.001ug/L

https://www.energyandresources.vic.gov.au/energy?a=163202

2011 January – June: Bendigo Creek Huntly Post Locust Spraying. Pesticides: Fipronil, Diazinon

An Assessment of Effects of the 2010-2011 Australian Plague Locust Response on Victorian Aquatic Ecosystems 

Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management Technical Report #9

Bryant Gagliardi, Sara Long, Gavin Rose, Lisa Golding, Jason Lieschke, Tara Daw Quadros, Leon Metzeling, Vincent Pettigrove.

December 2011

Insecticides measured above limit of detection in surface waters

25/1/11: Post-Spray Bendigo Creek Huntly Fipronil 0.001ug/L

25/1/11: Post-Spray Bendigo Creek Huntly Fipronil Sulfone 0.001ug/L

15/6/11: Third Bendigo Creek Huntly Fipronil 0.006ug/L

15/6/11: Third Bendigo Creek Huntly Fipronil Sulfone 0.001ug/L

15/6/11: Third Bendigo Creek Huntly Diazinon 0.02ug/L

https://www.energyandresources.vic.gov.au/energy?a=163202

An Assessment of Effects of the 2010-2011 Australian Plague Locust Response on Victorian Aquatic Ecosystems 

Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management Technical Report #9

Bryant Gagliardi, Sara Long, Gavin Rose, Lisa Golding, Jason Lieschke, Tara Daw Quadros, Leon Metzeling, Vincent Pettigrove.

December 2011

Insecticides measured above limit of detection in surface waters

25/1/11: Post-Spray Bendigo Creek Huntly Fipronil 0.001ug/L

25/1/11: Post-Spray Bendigo Creek Huntly Fipronil Sulfone 0.001ug/L

15/6/11: Third Bendigo Creek Huntly Fipronil 0.006ug/L

15/6/11: Third Bendigo Creek Huntly Fipronil Sulfone 0.001ug/L

15/6/11: Third Bendigo Creek Huntly Diazinon 0.02ug/L

https://www.energyandresources.vic.gov.au/energy?a=163202

2011 March: Joyces Creek Post Locust Spraying. Pesticide: Carbaryl

An Assessment of Effects of the 2010-2011 Australian Plague Locust Response on Victorian Aquatic Ecosystems 

Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management Technical Report #9

Bryant Gagliardi, Sara Long, Gavin Rose, Lisa Golding, Jason Lieschke, Tara Daw Quadros, Leon Metzeling, Vincent Pettigrove.

December 2011

Insecticides measured above limit of detection in surface waters

7/3/11: Post-Spray Joyces Creek Strathlea Carbaryl 0.002ug/L

https://www.energyandresources.vic.gov.au/energy?a=163202

An Assessment of Effects of the 2010-2011 Australian Plague Locust Response on Victorian Aquatic Ecosystems 

Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management Technical Report #9

Bryant Gagliardi, Sara Long, Gavin Rose, Lisa Golding, Jason Lieschke, Tara Daw Quadros, Leon Metzeling, Vincent Pettigrove.

December 2011

Insecticides measured above limit of detection in surface waters

7/3/11: Post-Spray Joyces Creek Strathlea Carbaryl 0.002ug/L

https://www.energyandresources.vic.gov.au/energy?a=163202

2010 October: Lake Cooper Pre Locust Spray. Pesticide: Carbaryl

An Assessment of Effects of the 2010-2011 Australian Plague Locust Response on Victorian Aquatic Ecosystems 

Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management Technical Report #9

Bryant Gagliardi, Sara Long, Gavin Rose, Lisa Golding, Jason Lieschke, Tara Daw Quadros, Leon Metzeling, Vincent Pettigrove.

December 2011

Insecticides measured above limit of detection in surface waters

5/10/11: Pre-Spray Lake Cooper Carbaryl 0.003ug/L

https://www.energyandresources.vic.gov.au/energy?a=163202

An Assessment of Effects of the 2010-2011 Australian Plague Locust Response on Victorian Aquatic Ecosystems 

Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management Technical Report #9

Bryant Gagliardi, Sara Long, Gavin Rose, Lisa Golding, Jason Lieschke, Tara Daw Quadros, Leon Metzeling, Vincent Pettigrove.

December 2011

Insecticides measured above limit of detection in surface waters

5/10/11: Pre-Spray Lake Cooper Carbaryl 0.003ug/L

https://www.energyandresources.vic.gov.au/energy?a=163202

2010 June: Lake Wongan, Locust Spray Residues. Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

An Assessment of Effects of the 2010-2011 Australian Plague Locust Response on Victorian Aquatic Ecosystems 

Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management Technical Report #9

Bryant Gagliardi, Sara Long, Gavin Rose, Lisa Golding, Jason Lieschke, Tara Daw Quadros, Leon Metzeling, Vincent Pettigrove.

December 2011

9/6/10: Lake Wongan Chlorpyrifos 10ug/kg (sediment)

https://www.energyandresources.vic.gov.au/energy?a=163202

An Assessment of Effects of the 2010-2011 Australian Plague Locust Response on Victorian Aquatic Ecosystems 

Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management Technical Report #9

Bryant Gagliardi, Sara Long, Gavin Rose, Lisa Golding, Jason Lieschke, Tara Daw Quadros, Leon Metzeling, Vincent Pettigrove.

December 2011

9/6/10: Lake Wongan Chlorpyrifos 10ug/kg (sediment)

https://www.energyandresources.vic.gov.au/energy?a=163202

2010 January – 2011 June: Tahbilk Wetland Locust Spray Monitoring. Pesticides: Cyhalothrin, Carbaryl

An Assessment of Effects of the 2010-2011 Australian Plague Locust Response on Victorian Aquatic Ecosystems 

Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management Technical Report #9

Bryant Gagliardi, Sara Long, Gavin Rose, Lisa Golding, Jason Lieschke, Tara Daw Quadros, Leon Metzeling, Vincent Pettigrove.

December 2011

27/1/10: Tahbilk Wetland Cyhalothrin 2ug/kg (sediment)

15/6/11: Tahbilk Wetland Carbaryl 0.004ug/L (water)

https://www.energyandresources.vic.gov.au/energy?a=163202

An Assessment of Effects of the 2010-2011 Australian Plague Locust Response on Victorian Aquatic Ecosystems 

Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management Technical Report #9

Bryant Gagliardi, Sara Long, Gavin Rose, Lisa Golding, Jason Lieschke, Tara Daw Quadros, Leon Metzeling, Vincent Pettigrove.

December 2011

27/1/10: Tahbilk Wetland Cyhalothrin 2ug/kg (sediment)

15/6/11: Tahbilk Wetland Carbaryl 0.004ug/L (water)

https://www.energyandresources.vic.gov.au/energy?a=163202

2010 March – October: Lake Hawthorn (Vic). Insecticide in Sediment from Locust Control: Chlorpyrifos

An Assessment of Effects of the 2010-2011 Australian Plague Locust Response on Victorian Aquatic Ecosystems 

Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management Technical Report #9

Bryant Gagliardi, Sara Long, Gavin Rose, Lisa Golding, Jason Lieschke, Tara Daw Quadros, Leon Metzeling, Vincent Pettigrove.

December 2011

28/10/10 Lake Hawthorn Chlorpyrifos 28ug/kg (sediment)

17/3/10 Lake Hawthorn Chlorpyrifos 22ug/kg (sediment)

https://www.energyandresources.vic.gov.au/energy?a=163202

An Assessment of Effects of the 2010-2011 Australian Plague Locust Response on Victorian Aquatic Ecosystems 

Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management Technical Report #9

Bryant Gagliardi, Sara Long, Gavin Rose, Lisa Golding, Jason Lieschke, Tara Daw Quadros, Leon Metzeling, Vincent Pettigrove.

December 2011

28/10/10 Lake Hawthorn Chlorpyrifos 28ug/kg (sediment)

17/3/10 Lake Hawthorn Chlorpyrifos 22ug/kg (sediment)

https://www.energyandresources.vic.gov.au/energy?a=163202

2015 July: Drugs and Pesticides detected in Sydney Harbour. Pesticides: 2,4-D, 3,4-dichloroaniline, Carbaryl, Diuron, MCPA, Mecoprop and Simazine

Drugs including painkillers, anti-depressants found in tests on Sydney Harbour water

ABC July 6 2015 By medical reporter Sophie Scott and Alison Branley

Significant levels of strong painkillers and anti-depressants have been found in tests conducted on water samples in Sydney Harbour.

The drugs were found by analysing samples of marine water from 30 sites adjacent to stormwater outlets across the entire Sydney estuary.

Scientist Gavin Birch from the School of Geosciences at the University of Sydney said it was the first time this kind of research had been done in Australia.

"I was surprised how widespread the drugs were in the samples. Paracetamol was found in all 30 sites, whereas one particular artificial sweetener was found in 27 sites," he said.

Other drugs found across Sydney Harbour waters included beta blockers and an epilepsy medication.

Do you know more about this story? Email investigations@abc.net.au

Mr Birch said the findings indicated sewage water may be leaking into the harbour.

"The presence of acesulfame [a recognised marker of domestic wastewater] and pharmaceuticals in water from all parts of the estuary after a dry period, suggests sewage water is leaking into the stormwater system in this catchment," he said.

While the drugs were widespread in Sydney Harbour waters, they were found in low concentrations. It is not known whether the leak is harmful to humans, flora or fauna.

Drugs found in the Sydney Harbour:

• Paracetamol (67ng/L)
• Fluoxetine (36ng/L)
• Venlafaxine (32ng/L)
• Iopromide (13ng/L)
• Codeine (10ng/L)
• Propranolol (9ng/L)
• Tramadol (6ng/L)
• Carbamazepine (3ng/L)

A ng = nanogram or one billionth of a gram
*Maximum concentration detected shown in brackets

"When this has happened in other areas, it certainly has had an impact on the fish and environment," Mr Birch said.

Researchers said sewage water was not discharged to the estuary, except infrequently when it overflowed during periods of high rainfall.

According to the findings, which were detailed in the latest issue of Marine Pollution Bulletin, drugs were detected in all parts of the Sydney estuary, but were higher in Duck River and to a lesser extent Parramatta River, lower Lane Cove and Rozelle Bay.

Seven different pesticides were also detected, including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 3,4-dichloroaniline, carbaryl, diuron, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, mecoprop and simazine.

"The pesticides are applied to the environment and were discharged via stormwater to the estuary," the researchers said.

Researchers said this was the first study to report micro-pollutants in the Sydney estuary and some pesticides in Australian marine waters.

They also looked for nine antibiotics and personal care products but none were identified.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-07-07/common-drugs-found-lurking-in-sydney-harbour-water/6599670

Drugs including painkillers, anti-depressants found in tests on Sydney Harbour water

ABC July 6 2015 By medical reporter Sophie Scott and Alison Branley

 

Significant levels of strong painkillers and anti-depressants have been found in tests conducted on water samples in Sydney Harbour.

The drugs were found by analysing samples of marine water from 30 sites adjacent to stormwater outlets across the entire Sydney estuary.

Scientist Gavin Birch from the School of Geosciences at the University of Sydney said it was the first time this kind of research had been done in Australia.

“I was surprised how widespread the drugs were in the samples. Paracetamol was found in all 30 sites, whereas one particular artificial sweetener was found in 27 sites,” he said.

Other drugs found across Sydney Harbour waters included beta blockers and an epilepsy medication.

Do you know more about this story? Email investigations@abc.net.au

Mr Birch said the findings indicated sewage water may be leaking into the harbour.

“The presence of acesulfame [a recognised marker of domestic wastewater] and pharmaceuticals in water from all parts of the estuary after a dry period, suggests sewage water is leaking into the stormwater system in this catchment,” he said.

While the drugs were widespread in Sydney Harbour waters, they were found in low concentrations. It is not known whether the leak is harmful to humans, flora or fauna.

Drugs found in the Sydney Harbour:

• Paracetamol (67ng/L)
• Fluoxetine (36ng/L)
• Venlafaxine (32ng/L)
• Iopromide (13ng/L)
• Codeine (10ng/L)
• Propranolol (9ng/L)
• Tramadol (6ng/L)
• Carbamazepine (3ng/L)

A ng = nanogram or one billionth of a gram
*Maximum concentration detected shown in brackets

“When this has happened in other areas, it certainly has had an impact on the fish and environment,” Mr Birch said.

Researchers said sewage water was not discharged to the estuary, except infrequently when it overflowed during periods of high rainfall.

According to the findings, which were detailed in the latest issue of Marine Pollution Bulletin, drugs were detected in all parts of the Sydney estuary, but were higher in Duck River and to a lesser extent Parramatta River, lower Lane Cove and Rozelle Bay.

Seven different pesticides were also detected, including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 3,4-dichloroaniline, carbaryl, diuron, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, mecoprop and simazine.

“The pesticides are applied to the environment and were discharged via stormwater to the estuary,” the researchers said.

Researchers said this was the first study to report micro-pollutants in the Sydney estuary and some pesticides in Australian marine waters.

They also looked for nine antibiotics and personal care products but none were identified.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-07-07/common-drugs-found-lurking-in-sydney-harbour-water/6599670

2013-4: Swanbank Power Station – Western Corridor Recycled Water. Pesticides: Multiple

Annual Report 2013-2014

Western Corridor Recycled Water Scheme

Recycled Water Management Plan

The Western Corridor Recycled Water Scheme (WCRWS) produced about 1 324ML of purified recycled water (PRW) for use at Stanwell Corporation’s Swanbank Power Station during the 2013-2014 financial year.

Pesticides

2,2-Dichloropropionic acid (DPA) (Dalapon 0.18ug/L (maximum), 0.13ug/L (average)

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 29ug/L (max), 0.8ug/L (average)

Acrolein (Propanol) 0.5ug/L (min), 1.3ug/L (max), 0.87ug/L (average)

Ametyrn 0.1ug/L (max) 0.01ug/L (av)

Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) 19ug/L(max), 6.1ug/L (min)

Amitrole 0.5ug/L (max)

Atrazine 2.3ug/L (max), 0.14ug/L (av)

Bromoxynil 0.08ug/L (max), 0.01ug/L (av)

Carbamazepine 0.27ug/L (min), 2.1ug/L (max), 0.88ug/L (av)

Carbaryl 0.08ug/L (max)

Carbendazim 0.1ug/L (max) 0.05ug/L (av)

Carbendazim (total) 0.4ug/L (max)

Chlorpyrifos 0.1ug/L (max)

DEET 0.01ug/L(min), 0.21ug/L (max), 0.059ug/L(av)

Desethyl Atrazine 0.7ug/L (max)

Diazinon 0.17ug/L (max), 0.033ug/L (av)

Dicamba 0.34ug/L (max), 0.051ug/L (av)

Diclofop Methyl 2.4ug/L (max)

Diuron 3.2ug/L (max), 0.19ug/L (av)

Diuron (total) 0.02ug/L (min), 3.5ug/L (max), 0.42ug/L (av)

Endosulfan beta 0.2ug/L (max)

Fenamiphos 0.14ug/L (max)

Fipronil 0.4ug/L (max), 0.07ug/L (av)

Fluometuron 0.1ug/L (max)

Fluroxypur 3ug/L (max), 0.1ug/L (av)

Glyphosate 2ug/L (max), 0.5ug/L (av)

Haloxyfop 5ug/L (max), 0.07ug/L (av)

Haloxyfop Total 5ug/L (max), 0.08ug/L (av)

Haloxyfop Methyl 1ug/L (max)

Hexazinone 0.07ug/L(max), 0.01ug/L (av)

MCPA 0.01ug/L (min), 3.9ug/L (max), 0.31ug/L (av)

Mecoprop 0.19ug/L (max), 0.049ug/L (av)

Metalaxyl 1ug/L (max)

Metolachlor 3.3ug/L (max), 0.24ug/L(av)

Molinate 0.06ug/L (max)

Picloram 0.25ug/L (max), 0.023ug/L (min)

Piperonyl Butoxide 0.1ug/L (max)

Prometryn 0.04ug/L (max), 0.0074ug/L (max)

Propazine 0.9ug/L (max)

Propiconazole 3ug/L (max) 0.1ug/L (av)

Simazine 0.42ug/L (max), 0.055ug/L (av)

Tebuconazole 1ug/L (max), 0.07ug/L (av)

Terbutryn 0.06ug/L (max), 0.01ug/L (av)

Triadimenol 0.1ug/L (max)

Triclopyr 37ug/L (max), 0.77ug/L (av)

 

 

https://www.seqwater.com.au/sites/default/files/PDF%20Documents/Annual%20Reports/Western%20Corridor%20Recycled%20Water%20Scheme%20%28WCRWS%29%20Annual%20Report%20to%20~%2014.pdf

Annual Report 2013-2014

Western Corridor Recycled Water Scheme

Recycled Water Management Plan

The Western Corridor Recycled Water Scheme (WCRWS) produced about 1 324ML of purified recycled water (PRW) for use at Stanwell Corporation’s Swanbank Power Station during the 2013-2014 financial year.

Pesticides

2,2-Dichloropropionic acid (DPA) (Dalapon 0.18ug/L (maximum), 0.13ug/L (average)

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 29ug/L (max), 0.8ug/L (average)

Acrolein (Propanol) 0.5ug/L (min), 1.3ug/L (max), 0.87ug/L (average)

Ametyrn 0.1ug/L (max) 0.01ug/L (av)

Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) 19ug/L(max), 6.1ug/L (min)

Amitrole 0.5ug/L (max)

Atrazine 2.3ug/L (max), 0.14ug/L (av)

Bromoxynil 0.08ug/L (max), 0.01ug/L (av)

Carbamazepine 0.27ug/L (min), 2.1ug/L (max), 0.88ug/L (av)

Carbaryl 0.08ug/L (max)

Carbendazim 0.1ug/L (max) 0.05ug/L (av)

Carbendazim (total) 0.4ug/L (max)

Chlorpyrifos 0.1ug/L (max)

DEET 0.01ug/L(min), 0.21ug/L (max), 0.059ug/L(av)

Desethyl Atrazine 0.7ug/L (max)

Diazinon 0.17ug/L (max), 0.033ug/L (av)

Dicamba 0.34ug/L (max), 0.051ug/L (av)

Diclofop Methyl 2.4ug/L (max)

Diuron 3.2ug/L (max), 0.19ug/L (av)

Diuron (total) 0.02ug/L (min), 3.5ug/L (max), 0.42ug/L (av)

Endosulfan beta 0.2ug/L (max)

Fenamiphos 0.14ug/L (max)

Fipronil 0.4ug/L (max), 0.07ug/L (av)

Fluometuron 0.1ug/L (max)

Fluroxypur 3ug/L (max), 0.1ug/L (av)

Glyphosate 2ug/L (max), 0.5ug/L (av)

Haloxyfop 5ug/L (max), 0.07ug/L (av)

Haloxyfop Total 5ug/L (max), 0.08ug/L (av)

Haloxyfop Methyl 1ug/L (max)

Hexazinone 0.07ug/L(max), 0.01ug/L (av)

MCPA 0.01ug/L (min), 3.9ug/L (max), 0.31ug/L (av)

Mecoprop 0.19ug/L (max), 0.049ug/L (av)

Metalaxyl 1ug/L (max)

Metolachlor 3.3ug/L (max), 0.24ug/L(av)

Molinate 0.06ug/L (max)

Picloram 0.25ug/L (max), 0.023ug/L (min)

Piperonyl Butoxide 0.1ug/L (max)

Prometryn 0.04ug/L (max), 0.0074ug/L (max)

Propazine 0.9ug/L (max)

Propiconazole 3ug/L (max) 0.1ug/L (av)

Simazine 0.42ug/L (max), 0.055ug/L (av)

Tebuconazole 1ug/L (max), 0.07ug/L (av)

Terbutryn 0.06ug/L (max), 0.01ug/L (av)

Triadimenol 0.1ug/L (max)

Triclopyr 37ug/L (max), 0.77ug/L (av)

https://www.seqwater.com.au/sites/default/files/PDF%20Documents/Annual%20Reports/Western%20Corridor%20Recycled%20Water%20Scheme%20%28WCRWS%29%20Annual%20Report%20to%20~%2014.pdf

2011-2013: Wivenhoe Dam Recycled Water. Pesticides: 2,4-D, AMPA, Glyphosate, Dalapon, N-butyl benzenesulfonamide, Fenvalerate, Fluvalinate

WCRW Scheme–Annual Report 2011-12

SEQ Water

Annual Report 2011-2012

Western Corridor Recycled Water Scheme

Recycled Water Management Plan

Lake Wivenhoe Point of Supply

Herbicides, pesticides and phenols

 

Two hundred and thirty herbicides, pesticides, phenols and their degradation products were tested for in the PRWat the Lake Wivenhoe Point of Supply.

A total of six pesticides, herbicides and their degradation products were det ected during the year (refer to Table 3-26):

 

• 2,4-D dichlorophenoxy AAC , a herbicide, was detected in two of 51 samples at concentrations of 0.02 and 0.04 μg/L. These concentrations are several orders of magnitude below the standard in Schedule 3b of the Public Health Regulation 2005 of 30 μg/L

 

•Aminomethylphosphonic acid, a degradation product of the herbicide glyphosate,was detected in one of the 51 samples at a concentration of 1.5 μg/L. No standard is set for this compound in Schedule 3b of the Public Health Regulation 2005 or the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011, however, it is included in the residue definition for glyphosate (refer to ‘total glyphosate’ below), forwhich there is a standard.

 

•Dalapon, a pesticide, was detected in several samples of PRW from the Lake Wivenhoe Point of Supply at concentrations up to 0.17 μg/L. This concentration is several orders of magnitude lower than the standard of 500μg/L in Schedule 3b of thePublic Health Regulation 2005. Although dalapon is a pesticide, it is suspected that it is forming as a disinfection by-product of chlorination (Hawker et al. 2011) in the PRW.

 

•Glyphosate, a non-selective herbicide, was detected in one of 51samples at a concentration of 1.7μg/L. This concentration is several orders of magnitude below the Standard in Schedule 3b of the Public Health Regulation 2005 of 1000 μg/L.

 

•Reporting of total glyphosate, which is the sum of glyphosate and its metabolite

aminomethylphosphonic acid expressed as glyphosate equivalent, commenced in January 2012. There has been one test result above the limit of reporting (which was on the same sample that aminomethylphosphonic acid was detected) with a result of 1.5 μg/L. The residue definition for glyphosate (which the standard is based off), relates to total glyphosate and as such, this result isseveral orders of magnitude below the standard in Schedule

3b of the Public Health Regulation 2005 of 1000 μg/L.

 

•N-butyl benzenesulfonamide, a fungicide and plasticiser, was detected in several samples of PRW from the Lake Wivenhoe Point of Supply. This compound was first detected at a concentration of 61.23 μg/L. Investigations (refer to Section 4 Incident and Investigations

for full details) identified that the likely source of this compound was contamination (leaching) from the long plastic pipe used to transfer the water from the PRW main to the tap used for sampling. Subsequent results for this compound have been below the limit of reporting (< 0.02 μg/L). Due to this variability in the detected concentration of this compound the log normal 95th and 99th percentiles are significantly higher (at 114.50μg/L and 1111.90 μg/L respectively) than the maximum concentration detected (61.23 μg/L).

These may be compared to an interim guideline, derived following the methodology described in the Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling (Phase 2) Augmentation of Drinking Water Supplies (2008), of 262 μg/L (Leusch 2012)– refer Section 4 Incidents and Events.

 

2,4-D 0.04ug/L (max)

AMPA 1.5ug/L (max)

Dalapon 0.17ug/L (max), 0.09ug/L (av)

Glyphosate 1.7ug/L (max)

N-Butyl Benzenesulfonamide 61.23ug/L (max), 11.23ug/L (av), 114.5ug/L (95th LN Percentile), 1111.9 (99th LN Percentile)...

 

DEET, an insect repellent, in two of 52 samples at a concentration of up to 0.02μg/L compared to a standard of 2500μg/L

 

DEET 0.02ug/L

 

https://www.seqwater.com.au/sites/default/files/PDF%20Documents/Publications/20130212-WCRW-RWMP-Annual-Report-WEB.pdf

WCRW Scheme–Annual Report 2011-14

SEQ Water

Annual Report 2011-2012

Western Corridor Recycled Water Scheme

Recycled Water Management Plan

Lake Wivenhoe Point of Supply

Herbicides, pesticides and phenols

Two hundred and thirty herbicides, pesticides, phenols and their degradation products were tested for in the PRWat the Lake Wivenhoe Point of Supply.

A total of six pesticides, herbicides and their degradation products were det ected during the year (refer to Table 3-26):

• 2,4-D dichlorophenoxy AAC , a herbicide, was detected in two of 51 samples at concentrations of 0.02 and 0.04 μg/L. These concentrations are several orders of magnitude below the standard in Schedule 3b of the Public Health Regulation 2005 of 30 μg/L

•Aminomethylphosphonic acid, a degradation product of the herbicide glyphosate,was detected in one of the 51 samples at a concentration of 1.5 μg/L. No standard is set for this compound in Schedule 3b of the Public Health Regulation 2005 or the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011, however, it is included in the residue definition for glyphosate (refer to ‘total glyphosate’ below), forwhich there is a standard.

•Dalapon, a pesticide, was detected in several samples of PRW from the Lake Wivenhoe Point of Supply at concentrations up to 0.17 μg/L. This concentration is several orders of magnitude lower than the standard of 500μg/L in Schedule 3b of thePublic Health Regulation 2005. Although dalapon is a pesticide, it is suspected that it is forming as a disinfection by-product of chlorination (Hawker et al. 2011) in the PRW.

•Glyphosate, a non-selective herbicide, was detected in one of 51samples at a concentration of 1.7μg/L. This concentration is several orders of magnitude below the Standard in Schedule 3b of the Public Health Regulation 2005 of 1000 μg/L.

•Reporting of total glyphosate, which is the sum of glyphosate and its metabolite

aminomethylphosphonic acid expressed as glyphosate equivalent, commenced in January 2012. There has been one test result above the limit of reporting (which was on the same sample that aminomethylphosphonic acid was detected) with a result of 1.5 μg/L. The residue definition for glyphosate (which the standard is based off), relates to total glyphosate and as such, this result isseveral orders of magnitude below the standard in Schedule

3b of the Public Health Regulation 2005 of 1000 μg/L.

•N-butyl benzenesulfonamide, a fungicide and plasticiser, was detected in several samples of PRW from the Lake Wivenhoe Point of Supply. This compound was first detected at a concentration of 61.23 μg/L. Investigations (refer to Section 4 Incident and Investigations

for full details) identified that the likely source of this compound was contamination (leaching) from the long plastic pipe used to transfer the water from the PRW main to the tap used for sampling. Subsequent results for this compound have been below the limit of reporting (< 0.02 μg/L). Due to this variability in the detected concentration of this compound the log normal 95th and 99th percentiles are significantly higher (at 114.50μg/L and 1111.90 μg/L respectively) than the maximum concentration detected (61.23 μg/L).

These may be compared to an interim guideline, derived following the methodology described in the Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling (Phase 2) Augmentation of Drinking Water Supplies (2008), of 262 μg/L (Leusch 2012)– refer Section 4 Incidents and Events.

2,4-D 0.04ug/L (max)

AMPA 1.5ug/L (max)

Dalapon 0.17ug/L (max), 0.09ug/L (av)

Glyphosate 1.7ug/L (max)

N-Butyl Benzenesulfonamide 61.23ug/L (max), 11.23ug/L (av), 114.5ug/L (95th LN Percentile), 1111.9 (99th LN Percentile)…

DEET, an insect repellent, in two of 52 samples at a concentration of up to 0.02μg/L compared to a standard of 2500μg/L

DEET 0.02ug/L

https://www.seqwater.com.au/sites/default/files/PDF%20Documents/Publications/20130212-WCRW-RWMP-Annual-Report-WEB.pdf

Annual Report 2012-2013

Western Corridor Recycled Water Scheme

Recycled Water Management Plan

Lake Wivenhoe Point of Supply

Herbicides and Pesticides

One hundred and ninety one herbicides, pesticides, and their degradation products were

tested for in the PRW at the Lake Wivenhoe and AWTP Points of Supply. A total of four

pesticides, herbicides and their degradation products were detected during the year (refer to Table 3- 26) as follows:

2,4-D dichlorophenoxy AAC, a herbicide, was detected in six of 65 samples at maximum concentration of 0.02 μg/L. Th is concentration is only just above the analytical limit of reporting (0.01μg/L) and is several orders of magnitude below the Standard in Schedule 3b of the Public Health Regulation 2005 of 30 μg/L

2,2- Dichloropropionic acid (dalapon) , a pesticide, was detected in 35 of 87 samples of

PRW from the Lake Wivenhoe and AWTP Points of Supply at concentrations up to 0.25

μg/L. This concentration is several orders of magnitude lower than the Standard of 500

μg/L in Schedule 3b of the Public Health Regulation 2005. Although dalapon is a

pesticide, it is suspected that it is forming as a disinfection by-product of chlorination (Hawker et al. 2011) in thePRW.

Fenvalerate, an insecticide, was detected in one of 54 samples at the Lake Wivenhoe

and AWTP Points of Supply, at a concentration of 1μg/L. This concentration is well

below the Standard (50μg/L) in Schedule 3b of the Public Health Regulation 2005.

Fluvalinate, also an insecticide, was detected in one of 51 samples at a concentration of

1μg/L. This compound has no Standard in Schedule 3b of the Public Health Regulation

2005 or guideline value in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011.

https://www.seqwater.com.au/sites/default/files/PDF%20Documents/Publications/2012-13%20WCRWS%20Annual%20Report.pdf

 

2011/12 August: Barratta Creek (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple.

Sep 2011: Eight sites along the Great Barrier Reef contaminated with high levels of pesticides above ANZECC Guidelines. The pesticides include: Atrazine, Diuron and Metolachlor. 97% of toxins in the Barratta Creek consisted of Diuron.

https://www.smh.com.au/environment/conservation/unsafe-toxin-levels-found-in-great-barrier-reef-20110922-1kmsu.html

2011: Large Scale Pesticide Monitoring Across Great Barrier Reef Catchments - Paddock to Reef Integrated Monitoring, Modelling and Reporting Program, 11 pesticides (and two metabolites) detected in Barratta Creek: Atrazine, Ametryn, Desethyl Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, Diuron, Hexazinone, Simazine, Tebuthiuron, Metolachlor, Imidacloprid, 2,4-D, Metribuzin and Propazine

https://nkieec.eq.edu.au/Supportandresources/Formsanddocuments/Documents/teacher-resources/Sample%20year%207%20program/Resources/marine-pollution-bulletin.pdf

Shaw MS, Silburn DS, Lenahan M & Harris M. 2012.

Pesticides in groundwater in the Lower Burdekin floodplain. Brisbane:

Department of Environment and Resource Management, Queensland Government.

ISBN: 978-1-7423-0953.

 

March 2012

Results Lower Burdekin Surface Water August 2011

Barratta Creek

Ametryn 0.01ug/L

Atrazine 1.14ug/L

Desethyl Atrazine 0.069ug/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.044ug/L

Diuron 0.412ug/L

Hexazinone 0.02ug/L

Metolachlor 0.005ug/L

MCPA 0.11ug/L

2,4-D 0.13ug/L

Metribuzin 0.1ug/L

Sep 2011: Eight sites along the Great Barrier Reef contaminated with high levels of pesticides above ANZECC Guidelines. The pesticides include: Atrazine, Diuron and Metolachlor. 97% of toxins in the Barratta Creek consisted of Diuron.

https://www.smh.com.au/environment/conservation/unsafe-toxin-levels-found-in-great-barrier-reef-20110922-1kmsu.html

2011: Large Scale Pesticide Monitoring Across Great Barrier Reef Catchments – Paddock to Reef Integrated Monitoring, Modelling and Reporting Program, 11 pesticides (and two metabolites) detected in Barratta Creek: Atrazine, Ametryn, Desethyl Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, Diuron, Hexazinone, Simazine, Tebuthiuron, Metolachlor, Imidacloprid, 2,4-D, Metribuzin and Propazine

https://nkieec.eq.edu.au/Supportandresources/Formsanddocuments/Documents/teacher-resources/Sample%20year%207%20program/Resources/marine-pollution-bulletin.pdf

Shaw MS, Silburn DS, Lenahan M & Harris M. 2012.

Pesticides in groundwater in the Lower Burdekin floodplain. Brisbane:

Department of Environment and Resource Management, Queensland Government.

ISBN: 978-1-7423-0953.

March 2012

Results Lower Burdekin Surface Water August 2011

Barratta Creek

Ametryn 0.01ug/L

Atrazine 1.14ug/L

Desethyl Atrazine 0.069ug/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.044ug/L

Diuron 0.412ug/L

Hexazinone 0.02ug/L

Metolachlor 0.005ug/L

MCPA 0.11ug/L

2,4-D 0.13ug/L

Metribuzin 0.1ug/L

2015 June: Winemaker fined $35,000. Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

Orange winemaker penalised $35,000 for dumping toxic chemicals in drain

Central Western Daily

June 27, 2015

 

 

AN Orange winemaker has been fined $35,000 in penalties and court costs after he was found guilty of emptying toxic chemicals into a drain. 

Rex Nunzio D’Aquino pleaded guilty in Orange Local Court to a charge of polluting waters after he instructed an employee to empty 21 1000-litre drums into a drain leading from the helipad at Highland Heritage Estate to Summer Hill Creek.

The drums contained remnants of chlorpyrifos, a pesticide used on cotton crops, which is harmful to wildlife.

Environmental Protection Authority prosecutor Daniel Zanello said the offence was in the lower level of seriousness, however D’Aquino had known the drums had previously contained the chemicals and failed to read the label warnings.

“Measures could have been taken but were not taken,” he told the court.

However, defence solicitor Rick O’Gorman-Hughes said D’Aquino had completed a course in hazardous chemicals and had implemented a policy within his business. He also argued a paddock separated the drain from Summer Hill Creek and D’Aquino had complied with EPA requirements to clean the site. 

In a letter to the court, D’Aquino called the incident a “costly mistake, which will not be repeated”.

D’Aquino bought 39 drums at auction four years ago with the intention of having them cleaned and used as alcohol storage or transport vessels.

But the odour could not be removed from one of the drums, so they were stored outside where some collected rainwater.

According to the agreed facts, D’Aquino believed the drums contained rainwater and instructed staff to empty them into the drain, despite one employee noticing a green-yellow tinge and suggesting the contents be buried instead.

A member of the public reported the incident to the EPA, which visited the following day.

The highest levels of chemicals in soil samples taken from the drain were 1000 times the allowed threshold in restricted building waste.

Magistrate Terry Lucas fined D’Aquino $15,000 and ordered him to pay $20,000 in professional costs.

https://www.centralwesterndaily.com.au/story/3173542/orange-winemaker-penalised-35000-for-dumping-toxic-chemicals-in-drain/?cs=106

’Aquino

Orange winemaker penalised $35,000 for dumping toxic chemicals in drain

Central Western Daily

June 27, 2015

 

AN Orange winemaker has been fined $35,000 in penalties and court costs after he was found guilty of emptying toxic chemicals into a drain. 

Rex Nunzio D’Aquino pleaded guilty in Orange Local Court to a charge of polluting waters after he instructed an employee to empty 21 1000-litre drums into a drain leading from the helipad at Highland Heritage Estate to Summer Hill Creek.

The drums contained remnants of chlorpyrifos, a pesticide used on cotton crops, which is harmful to wildlife.

Environmental Protection Authority prosecutor Daniel Zanello said the offence was in the lower level of seriousness, however D’Aquino had known the drums had previously contained the chemicals and failed to read the label warnings.

“Measures could have been taken but were not taken,” he told the court.

However, defence solicitor Rick O’Gorman-Hughes said D’Aquino had completed a course in hazardous chemicals and had implemented a policy within his business. He also argued a paddock separated the drain from Summer Hill Creek and D’Aquino had complied with EPA requirements to clean the site. 

In a letter to the court, D’Aquino called the incident a “costly mistake, which will not be repeated”.

D’Aquino bought 39 drums at auction four years ago with the intention of having them cleaned and used as alcohol storage or transport vessels.

But the odour could not be removed from one of the drums, so they were stored outside where some collected rainwater.

According to the agreed facts, D’Aquino believed the drums contained rainwater and instructed staff to empty them into the drain, despite one employee noticing a green-yellow tinge and suggesting the contents be buried instead.

A member of the public reported the incident to the EPA, which visited the following day.

The highest levels of chemicals in soil samples taken from the drain were 1000 times the allowed threshold in restricted building waste.

Magistrate Terry Lucas fined D’Aquino $15,000 and ordered him to pay $20,000 in professional costs.

https://www.centralwesterndaily.com.au/story/3173542/orange-winemaker-penalised-35000-for-dumping-toxic-chemicals-in-drain/?cs=106

1994 – 1997: ICI compensates graziers hundreds of $millions. Pesticide: Chlorfluazuron

ICI: poisoning for profit (Green Left)

Wednesday, July 2, 1997

SYDNEY — In an all-too-rare finding of blame, the giant chemical company ICI is facing a pay-out of hundreds of millions of dollars in compensation to graziers and meat processors. ICI distributed the insecticide Helix, which was used on cotton crops of northern NSW and southern Queensland. Cotton waste fed to cattle during the 1990s drought led to their contamination.

Helix, or CFZ (chlorfluazuron), was voluntarily banned from use in the cotton industry in 1995.

On June 24, Justice Wilcox of the Federal Court found that ICI had failed in its duty of care to inform people of the insecticide in the cotton fodder. In 1994, 60,000 tonnes of meat was recalled and more than 4700 cattle were put into quarantine.

Around 2500 processors and producers were affected, with losses ranging from $20,000 to $26 million. Some claimants have died and others gone broke over the two years it took to sue ICI.

The court found that ICI had demonstrated “wilful blindness” in failing to carry out appropriate research on the fodder or appropriate field research into Helix.

Justice Wilcox stated, “A contributing factor to the failures was that, in its haste for profits, the private organisation cut research corners and inexcusably suppressed information that might have alerted the dozing public watchdog”.

Wilcox failed to mention government cutbacks and privatisation of quarantine and food inspection services.

Similar legal actions are under way against other pesticide companies over the use of the pesticide Endosulphan on lucerne, vegetables and cereals.

In Melbourne on June 25, Greenpeace protested outside a special ICI shareholders’ meeting. Greenpeace toxics campaigner Matt Ruchel entered the meeting with a secret tape-recording of a message calling on shareholders to “make their money talk to protect the environment”.

Greenpeace wants ICI to clean up its mess in Homebush Bay in Sydney and other sites around Australia, such as ground water contamination and hazardous waste stockpiles at ICI Botany.

On June 24 in Sydney, Greenpeace activists planted two-metre high warning signs in waters in front of ICI’s plant on Homebush Bay to highlight contamination by heavy metals and phthalates produced by ICI on the site.

Greenpeace is calling on ICI to commit funds to a multimillion dollar joint project between the NSW state government and the giant investment bank Bankers Trust to clean up Homebush Bay, one of the world’s most polluted waterways.

1950’s – 1990’s: Contamination of cattle dip sites in NSW & Qld. Pesticides: DDT, Ethion

“…And there are the disused cattle dip sites of northern NSW and Queensland, some of which contain a massive residue legacy.

Activist of researcher Mariann Grinter takes a keen interest in this contamination and its impacts on families living on or near such sites. Her research shows that there are approximately 1600 cattle dip sites on the NSW north coast, 1100 of them on private property. In 1991, sampling indicated DDT contamination as high as 27,000 ppm and arsenic up to 1200 mg/kg on some sites. Later data showed DDT contamination of up to 106,000 ppm (over 10 per cent DDT), arsenic up to 3,000 ppm and the OP insecticide ethion at 45,000 ppm. Most dip sites are situated on flood plains or adjacent to creeks and in some instances, houses and schools have been built on them.

p65/66 Quick Poison Slow Poison Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country. Kate Short 1994.

1981: Wandiligong. Campaign against the aerial spraying of 2,4,5-T

The Wandiligong Preservation Society organised a protest campaign and despatched letters to Members of Parliament and the Forests Commission, calling for cancellation of the spraying operation until a detailed scientific investigation could be carried out into the effects of spraying 245T.

This was rejected by the Forests Commission so the next course of action was to seek an Interim Injunction Order against the spraying from the Supreme Court in Melbourne.

Meanwhile, a committee was gathering community support, signatures and money to pay for the estimated $3000 in court costs – all of which were readily forthcoming.

A pregnant Wandiligong mother and two other residents were preparing to appear in court when it was confirmed that the spraying operation had been cancelled for 1981.

The decision was celebrated but all were aware that the problem was not completely solved. What about next year, and the next? So a meeting planned for Saturday, August 1 went ahead. Despite the relaxation of immediate pressure 100 people and 50 apologies were registered at the meeting in the MU Hall. People came from Glenrowan, Carboor, Bobinawarrah, Wodonga, Kiewa Valley, Bright, Rosewhite, Wandiligong and a busload from Beechworth and Stanley to show their concern.

At this meeting a structure was set up to collect information and data on the effects of herbicides on people and on the environment. To date there has been no further attempt to spray the district with 245T but the local people are prepared for any future developments.

This episode shows the strength of community concern and on a larger scale, a small community involved in the national and international debates over the use of dangerous chemical sprays such as 245T and Agent Orange.

Legislation banning the aerial spraying of the herbicide 245T was enacted and is still in force today.

Source: Wandiligong – A Valley Through time

The Wandiligong Preservation Society organised a protest campaign and despatched letters to Members of Parliament and the Forests Commission, calling for cancellation of the spraying operation until a detailed scientific investigation could be carried out into the effects of spraying 245T.

This was rejected by the Forests Commission so the next course of action was to seek an Interim Injunction Order against the spraying from the Supreme Court in Melbourne.

Meanwhile, a committee was gathering community support, signatures and money to pay for the estimated $3000 in court costs – all of which were readily forthcoming.

A pregnant Wandiligong mother and two other residents were preparing to appear in court when it was confirmed that the spraying operation had been cancelled for 1981.

The decision was celebrated but all were aware that the problem was not completely solved. What about next year, and the next? So a meeting planned for Saturday, August 1 went ahead. Despite the relaxation of immediate pressure 100 people and 50 apologies were registered at the meeting in the MU Hall. People came from Glenrowan, Carboor, Bobinawarrah, Wodonga, Kiewa Valley, Bright, Rosewhite, Wandiligong and a busload from Beechworth and Stanley to show their concern.

At this meeting a structure was set up to collect information and data on the effects of herbicides on people and on the environment. To date there has been no further attempt to spray the district with 245T but the local people are prepared for any future developments.

This episode shows the strength of community concern and on a larger scale, a small community involved in the national and international debates over the use of dangerous chemical sprays such as 245T and Agent Orange.

Legislation banning the aerial spraying of the herbicide 245T was enacted and is still in force today.

Source: Wandiligong – A Valley Through time

1996-7: Lang Lang River Sediment. Pesticide: Dieldrin, DDE

Lang Lang River catchment (4 sites)
1996 - 1997
Dieldrin 0.7 μg/kg to 5 μg/kg (normalized to 1% OC), p,p’-DDE 0.5
μg/kg to 1.2 μg/kg (normalized to 1% OC)
Coleman, 2001

VICTORIAN CENTRE FOR AQUATIC POLLUTION IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL REPORT #27: INITIAL
ESTIMATE OF SEDIMENT TOXICANTS BEYOND ESTUARY MOUTHS IN WESTERN PORT
July 2013

Lang Lang River catchment (4 sites)
1996 – 1997
Dieldrin 0.7 μg/kg to 5 μg/kg (normalized to 1% OC), p,p’-DDE 0.5
μg/kg to 1.2 μg/kg (normalized to 1% OC)
Coleman, 2001

VICTORIAN CENTRE FOR AQUATIC POLLUTION IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL REPORT #27: INITIAL
ESTIMATE OF SEDIMENT TOXICANTS BEYOND ESTUARY MOUTHS IN WESTERN PORT
July 2013

1998: Warrigine Creek. Pesticide in Sediment: Dieldrin

Warrigine Creek (freshwater)
1998 20 μg/kg of dieldrin

Hardwick, 1998

VICTORIAN CENTRE FOR AQUATIC POLLUTION IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL REPORT #27: INITIAL ESTIMATE OF SEDIMENT TOXICANTS BEYOND ESTUARY MOUTHS IN WESTERN PORT July 2013

Warrigine Creek (freshwater)
1998 20 μg/kg of dieldrin

Hardwick, 1998

VICTORIAN CENTRE FOR AQUATIC POLLUTION IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL REPORT #27: INITIAL ESTIMATE OF SEDIMENT TOXICANTS BEYOND ESTUARY MOUTHS IN WESTERN PORT July 2013

2008: Watsons Creek. Pesticides in Sediment and Freshwater: Simazine, Prometryn, Boscalid

Watsons Creek 2008 Sediments: simazine (8 - 230 μg/kg), prometryn (20 – 374 μg/kg), boscalid
(10 – 48 μg/kg

Waters: simazine (0.14 – 15 ug/L) and prometryn (1.3 – 21 ug/L)

Melbourne Water, unpublished data 2008

VICTORIAN CENTRE FOR AQUATIC POLLUTION IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL REPORT #27: INITIAL ESTIMATE OF SEDIMENT TOXICANTS BEYOND ESTUARY MOUTHS IN WESTERN PORT July 2013

Watsons Creek 2008 Sediments: simazine (8 – 230 μg/kg), prometryn (20 – 374 μg/kg), boscalid
(10 – 48 μg/kg

Waters: simazine (0.14 – 15 ug/L) and prometryn (1.3 – 21 ug/L)

Melbourne Water, unpublished data 2008

VICTORIAN CENTRE FOR AQUATIC POLLUTION IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL REPORT #27: INITIAL ESTIMATE OF SEDIMENT TOXICANTS BEYOND ESTUARY MOUTHS IN WESTERN PORT July 2013

1998: Watsons Creek. Pesticides in Sediment: Chlorpyrifos, Endosulfan, Dieldrin, p,p, DDE

Wastons Creek (freshwater site) 1998

Chlorpyrifos (40 μg/kg), endosulfan 1(40 μg/kg), endosulfan 11 (80 μg/kg), endosulfan sulphate (40 μg/kg), dieldrin (20 μg/kg) and p,p’-DDE (30 μg/kg)

Hardwick 1998

Source: VICTORIAN CENTRE FOR AQUATIC POLLUTION IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL REPORT #27: INITIAL ESTIMATE OF SEDIMENT TOXICANTS BEYOND ESTUARY MOUTHS IN WESTERN PORT July 2013

Wastons Creek (freshwater site) 1998

Chlorpyrifos (40 μg/kg), endosulfan 1(40 μg/kg), endosulfan 11 (80 μg/kg), endosulfan sulphate (40 μg/kg), dieldrin (20 μg/kg) and p,p’-DDE (30 μg/kg)

Hardwick 1998

Source: VICTORIAN CENTRE FOR AQUATIC POLLUTION IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL REPORT #27: INITIAL ESTIMATE OF SEDIMENT TOXICANTS BEYOND ESTUARY MOUTHS IN WESTERN PORT July 2013

2010-2011: Watsons Creek Estuary. Pesticides in Sediment: Esfenvalerate, Boscalid, Fenamiphos, Azoxystrobin

Watson Creek Estuary. 2010-11. Esfenvalerate, Boscalid, Fenamiphos. Azoxystrobin.

Melbourne Water Sediment Monitoring, 2010-11. Unpublished data.

Source: Page 45 VICTORIAN CENTRE FOR AQUATIC POLLUTION IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL REPORT #27: INITIAL ESTIMATE OF SEDIMENT TOXICANTS BEYOND ESTUARY MOUTHS IN WESTERN PORT

Watson Creek Estuary. 2010-11. Esfenvalerate, Boscalid, Fenamiphos. Azoxystrobin.

Melbourne Water Sediment Monitoring, 2010-11. Unpublished data.

Source: Page 45 VICTORIAN CENTRE FOR AQUATIC POLLUTION IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL REPORT #27: INITIAL ESTIMATE OF SEDIMENT TOXICANTS BEYOND ESTUARY MOUTHS IN WESTERN PORT

2012 March – July: Watsons Creek Estuary. Pesticides in Sediment: Multiple

An assessment of sediment toxicants in Western Port and major tributaries

Sharp, Myers, Pettigrove July 2013 CAPIM Technical Report No 27

Sediment

p34 Site LN3: Watsons Creek Estuary

pp, DDE Trace, Metolachlor Trace, Prometryn Trace, Linuron Trace, Pirimicarb 1ug/kg, Fenamiphos Trace, Boscalid 8ug/kg

p 13 Pesticides
A number of studies have detected pesticides in several of the rivers and creeks that flow into Western Port. For instance, Melbourne Water sediment quality data from 2008 – 2009 indicated that pesticides were entering the bay via Watsons Creek, which flows into Yaringa Marine Park in the Lower North Arm, flagging this section of the bay as a crucial area for follow up monitoring. This study also detected pesticides in Cardinia Creek sediments including low concentrations of simazine and metabolites of DDT. Earlier reports detected various organochlorine pesticides (including metabolites of DDT, lindane, endosulfan and chlorpyrifos) in freshwaters including Watsons Creek, Warringine Creek and Lang Lang River among other waterways entering the bay (Hardwick, 1998, Coleman and Pettigrove, 2001). In 1997, the concentration of pesticides measured at 10 sites were all below the limits of detection including atrazine (50 μg/kg), organochlorines (<5 μg/kg) and organophosphates (<50 μg/kg) (Rees et al., 1998), with concentrations also below detection limits at four sites measured for 2,4-D (<50μg/kg). It should be noted that the limits of detection used by Rees et al (1998) weresignificantly higher than those used in the studies undertaken by Hardwick (1998) and Colemanand Pettigrove (2001) which may explain why there were no pesticides detected. Beyondpreliminary data of waterways, the full extent of pesticide contamination in Western Port has yet to be determined.

p33 Pesticides
Of the 22 sites sampled for pesticides in sediments, eight sites had detections (Table 7; Figure15). A total of 17 pesticides were detected, with up to nine different pesticides occurring at Western Contour Drain (UN26) which included four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, prometryn and linuron), four fungicides (oxadixyl, azoxystrobin, boscalid and cyprodinil) and the insecticide fenamiphos (Table 7). The highest concentrations detected for the triazine herbicide prometryn and fungicide boscalid (15 and 22 μg/kg respectively) occurred in the Western Contour Drain (UN26). Watsons Creek estuary had the second highest number of detections (8) being a source of four insecticides (two organochlorines (pp-DDE and pp-DDT; pirimicarb and fenamiphos), three triazine herbicides (metolachlor, prometryn, and linuron) and the fungicide boscalid at 8 μg/kg. At Yallock Cut and Deep Creek a total of four and five different pesticides were detected respectively. At Deep Creek the organochlorine derivatives, pp-DDE and pp-DDTwere above the ISQG-low suggesting a potential moderate impact to aquatic faunal assemblages. The other pesticides detected at both of these sites were below 2 μg/Kg, however no guidelines exist for any of the other pesticides detected. At Sawtells Creek three pesticides were detected. The organochlorine derivative pp-DDE was detected at a concentration of 0.73 μg/kg which was below the ISQG-low suggesting it is unlikely to be having a detrimental effect on aquatic fauna at this site. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin was detected at 5 μg/Kg and the herbicide diuron at 28 μg/kg. There are no ISQG values for these pesticides. The
other three sites (Western Contour estuary, Lang Lang River and Bass River estuary) had only
one pesticide detected, concentrations ranging between trace and 1 μg/kg, with the exception of boscalid in Western Contour estuary at 6 μg/kg (Table 7). No pesticides were detected at any of the six sites in Western Port or in sediments from Warringine Creek (LN9), Cardinia Creek (UN17, UN32), Bunyip River (UN29), Deep Creek (UN30, UN31), Merricks Creek (WS2) and Sawtells Inlet (UN8).

The most commonly detected pesticides were the organochlorine derivatives pp-DDE and pp-DDT (four and three sites respectively), followed by the triazine herbicide simazine and thefungicides azoxystrobin and boscalid (three sites each). The herbicide diruon was only detected at one site, however was the highest concentration detected across all detections, 28 μg/kg, thiswas followed by the fungicide boscalid at 22 μg/Kg and triazine herbicide prometryn at 15 μg/kg (Table 7). It should be noted that there are currently no ISQG guidelines for any of the pesticides other than the organochlorines detected in this study.

An assessment of sediment toxicants in Western Port and major tributaries

Sharp, Myers, Pettigrove July 2013 CAPIM Technical Report No 27

Sediment

p34 Site LN3: Watsons Creek Estuary

pp, DDE Trace, Metolachlor Trace, Prometryn Trace, Linuron Trace, Pirimicarb 1ug/kg, Fenamiphos Trace, Boscalid 8ug/kg

p 13 Pesticides
A number of studies have detected pesticides in several of the rivers and creeks that flow into Western Port. For instance, Melbourne Water sediment quality data from 2008 – 2009 indicated that pesticides were entering the bay via Watsons Creek, which flows into Yaringa Marine Park in the Lower North Arm, flagging this section of the bay as a crucial area for follow up monitoring. This study also detected pesticides in Cardinia Creek sediments including low concentrations of simazine and metabolites of DDT. Earlier reports detected various organochlorine pesticides (including metabolites of DDT, lindane, endosulfan and chlorpyrifos) in freshwaters including Watsons Creek, Warringine Creek and Lang Lang River among other waterways entering the bay (Hardwick, 1998, Coleman and Pettigrove, 2001). In 1997, the concentration of pesticides measured at 10 sites were all below the limits of detection including atrazine (50 μg/kg), organochlorines (<5 μg/kg) and organophosphates (<50 μg/kg) (Rees et al., 1998), with concentrations also below detection limits at four sites measured for 2,4-D (<50μg/kg). It should be noted that the limits of detection used by Rees et al (1998) weresignificantly higher than those used in the studies undertaken by Hardwick (1998) and Colemanand Pettigrove (2001) which may explain why there were no pesticides detected. Beyondpreliminary data of waterways, the full extent of pesticide contamination in Western Port has yet to be determined.

p33 Pesticides
Of the 22 sites sampled for pesticides in sediments, eight sites had detections (Table 7; Figure15). A total of 17 pesticides were detected, with up to nine different pesticides occurring at Western Contour Drain (UN26) which included four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, prometryn and linuron), four fungicides (oxadixyl, azoxystrobin, boscalid and cyprodinil) and the insecticide fenamiphos (Table 7). The highest concentrations detected for the triazine herbicide prometryn and fungicide boscalid (15 and 22 μg/kg respectively) occurred in the Western Contour Drain (UN26). Watsons Creek estuary had the second highest number of detections (8) being a source of four insecticides (two organochlorines (pp-DDE and pp-DDT; pirimicarb and fenamiphos), three triazine herbicides (metolachlor, prometryn, and linuron) and the fungicide boscalid at 8 μg/kg. At Yallock Cut and Deep Creek a total of four and five different pesticides were detected respectively. At Deep Creek the organochlorine derivatives, pp-DDE and pp-DDTwere above the ISQG-low suggesting a potential moderate impact to aquatic faunal assemblages. The other pesticides detected at both of these sites were below 2 μg/Kg, however no guidelines exist for any of the other pesticides detected. At Sawtells Creek three pesticides were detected. The organochlorine derivative pp-DDE was detected at a concentration of 0.73 μg/kg which was below the ISQG-low suggesting it is unlikely to be having a detrimental effect on aquatic fauna at this site. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin was detected at 5 μg/Kg and the herbicide diuron at 28 μg/kg. There are no ISQG values for these pesticides. The
other three sites (Western Contour estuary, Lang Lang River and Bass River estuary) had only
one pesticide detected, concentrations ranging between trace and 1 μg/kg, with the exception of boscalid in Western Contour estuary at 6 μg/kg (Table 7). No pesticides were detected at any of the six sites in Western Port or in sediments from Warringine Creek (LN9), Cardinia Creek (UN17, UN32), Bunyip River (UN29), Deep Creek (UN30, UN31), Merricks Creek (WS2) and Sawtells Inlet (UN8).

The most commonly detected pesticides were the organochlorine derivatives pp-DDE and pp-DDT (four and three sites respectively), followed by the triazine herbicide simazine and thefungicides azoxystrobin and boscalid (three sites each). The herbicide diruon was only detected at one site, however was the highest concentration detected across all detections, 28 μg/kg, thiswas followed by the fungicide boscalid at 22 μg/Kg and triazine herbicide prometryn at 15 μg/kg (Table 7). It should be noted that there are currently no ISQG guidelines for any of the pesticides other than the organochlorines detected in this study.

2012 March – July: Bass River Estuary. Pesticide in Sediment: DDT

An assessment of sediment toxicants in Western Port and major tributaries

Sharp, Myers, Pettigrove July 2013 CAPIM Technical Report No 27

Sediment

p34 Site RY1: Bass River Estuary

p,p DDT Trace

p 13 Pesticides
A number of studies have detected pesticides in several of the rivers and creeks that flow into Western Port. For instance, Melbourne Water sediment quality data from 2008 – 2009 indicated that pesticides were entering the bay via Watsons Creek, which flows into Yaringa Marine Park in the Lower North Arm, flagging this section of the bay as a crucial area for follow up monitoring. This study also detected pesticides in Cardinia Creek sediments including low concentrations of simazine and metabolites of DDT. Earlier reports detected various organochlorine pesticides (including metabolites of DDT, lindane, endosulfan and chlorpyrifos) in freshwaters including Watsons Creek, Warringine Creek and Lang Lang River among other waterways entering the bay (Hardwick, 1998, Coleman and Pettigrove, 2001). In 1997, the concentration of pesticides measured at 10 sites were all below the limits of detection including atrazine (50 μg/kg), organochlorines (<5 μg/kg) and organophosphates (<50 μg/kg) (Rees et al., 1998), with concentrations also below detection limits at four sites measured for 2,4-D (<50μg/kg). It should be noted that the limits of detection used by Rees et al (1998) weresignificantly higher than those used in the studies undertaken by Hardwick (1998) and Colemanand Pettigrove (2001) which may explain why there were no pesticides detected. Beyondpreliminary data of waterways, the full extent of pesticide contamination in Western Port has yet to be determined.

p33 Pesticides
Of the 22 sites sampled for pesticides in sediments, eight sites had detections (Table 7; Figure15). A total of 17 pesticides were detected, with up to nine different pesticides occurring at Western Contour Drain (UN26) which included four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, prometryn and linuron), four fungicides (oxadixyl, azoxystrobin, boscalid and cyprodinil) and the insecticide fenamiphos (Table 7). The highest concentrations detected for the triazine herbicide prometryn and fungicide boscalid (15 and 22 μg/kg respectively) occurred in the Western Contour Drain (UN26). Watsons Creek estuary had the second highest number of detections (8) being a source of four insecticides (two organochlorines (pp-DDE and pp-DDT; pirimicarb and fenamiphos), three triazine herbicides (metolachlor, prometryn, and linuron) and the fungicide boscalid at 8 μg/kg. At Yallock Cut and Deep Creek a total of four and five different pesticides were detected respectively. At Deep Creek the organochlorine derivatives, pp-DDE and pp-DDTwere above the ISQG-low suggesting a potential moderate impact to aquatic faunal assemblages. The other pesticides detected at both of these sites were below 2 μg/Kg, however no guidelines exist for any of the other pesticides detected. At Sawtells Creek three pesticides were detected. The organochlorine derivative pp-DDE was detected at a concentration of 0.73 μg/kg which was below the ISQG-low suggesting it is unlikely to be having a detrimental effect on aquatic fauna at this site. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin was detected at 5 μg/Kg and the herbicide diuron at 28 μg/kg. There are no ISQG values for these pesticides. The
other three sites (Western Contour estuary, Lang Lang River and Bass River estuary) had only
one pesticide detected, concentrations ranging between trace and 1 μg/kg, with the exception of boscalid in Western Contour estuary at 6 μg/kg (Table 7). No pesticides were detected at any of the six sites in Western Port or in sediments from Warringine Creek (LN9), Cardinia Creek (UN17, UN32), Bunyip River (UN29), Deep Creek (UN30, UN31), Merricks Creek (WS2) and Sawtells Inlet (UN8).

The most commonly detected pesticides were the organochlorine derivatives pp-DDE and pp-DDT (four and three sites respectively), followed by the triazine herbicide simazine and thefungicides azoxystrobin and boscalid (three sites each). The herbicide diruon was only detected at one site, however was the highest concentration detected across all detections, 28 μg/kg, thiswas followed by the fungicide boscalid at 22 μg/Kg and triazine herbicide prometryn at 15 μg/kg (Table 7). It should be noted that there are currently no ISQG guidelines for any of the pesticides other than the organochlorines detected in this study.

An assessment of sediment toxicants in Western Port and major tributaries

Sharp, Myers, Pettigrove July 2013 CAPIM Technical Report No 27

Sediment

p34 Site RY1: Bass River Estuary

p,p DDT Trace

p 13 Pesticides
A number of studies have detected pesticides in several of the rivers and creeks that flow into Western Port. For instance, Melbourne Water sediment quality data from 2008 – 2009 indicated that pesticides were entering the bay via Watsons Creek, which flows into Yaringa Marine Park in the Lower North Arm, flagging this section of the bay as a crucial area for follow up monitoring. This study also detected pesticides in Cardinia Creek sediments including low concentrations of simazine and metabolites of DDT. Earlier reports detected various organochlorine pesticides (including metabolites of DDT, lindane, endosulfan and chlorpyrifos) in freshwaters including Watsons Creek, Warringine Creek and Lang Lang River among other waterways entering the bay (Hardwick, 1998, Coleman and Pettigrove, 2001). In 1997, the concentration of pesticides measured at 10 sites were all below the limits of detection including atrazine (50 μg/kg), organochlorines (<5 μg/kg) and organophosphates (<50 μg/kg) (Rees et al., 1998), with concentrations also below detection limits at four sites measured for 2,4-D (<50μg/kg). It should be noted that the limits of detection used by Rees et al (1998) weresignificantly higher than those used in the studies undertaken by Hardwick (1998) and Colemanand Pettigrove (2001) which may explain why there were no pesticides detected. Beyondpreliminary data of waterways, the full extent of pesticide contamination in Western Port has yet to be determined.

p33 Pesticides
Of the 22 sites sampled for pesticides in sediments, eight sites had detections (Table 7; Figure15). A total of 17 pesticides were detected, with up to nine different pesticides occurring at Western Contour Drain (UN26) which included four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, prometryn and linuron), four fungicides (oxadixyl, azoxystrobin, boscalid and cyprodinil) and the insecticide fenamiphos (Table 7). The highest concentrations detected for the triazine herbicide prometryn and fungicide boscalid (15 and 22 μg/kg respectively) occurred in the Western Contour Drain (UN26). Watsons Creek estuary had the second highest number of detections (8) being a source of four insecticides (two organochlorines (pp-DDE and pp-DDT; pirimicarb and fenamiphos), three triazine herbicides (metolachlor, prometryn, and linuron) and the fungicide boscalid at 8 μg/kg. At Yallock Cut and Deep Creek a total of four and five different pesticides were detected respectively. At Deep Creek the organochlorine derivatives, pp-DDE and pp-DDTwere above the ISQG-low suggesting a potential moderate impact to aquatic faunal assemblages. The other pesticides detected at both of these sites were below 2 μg/Kg, however no guidelines exist for any of the other pesticides detected. At Sawtells Creek three pesticides were detected. The organochlorine derivative pp-DDE was detected at a concentration of 0.73 μg/kg which was below the ISQG-low suggesting it is unlikely to be having a detrimental effect on aquatic fauna at this site. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin was detected at 5 μg/Kg and the herbicide diuron at 28 μg/kg. There are no ISQG values for these pesticides. The
other three sites (Western Contour estuary, Lang Lang River and Bass River estuary) had only
one pesticide detected, concentrations ranging between trace and 1 μg/kg, with the exception of boscalid in Western Contour estuary at 6 μg/kg (Table 7). No pesticides were detected at any of the six sites in Western Port or in sediments from Warringine Creek (LN9), Cardinia Creek (UN17, UN32), Bunyip River (UN29), Deep Creek (UN30, UN31), Merricks Creek (WS2) and Sawtells Inlet (UN8).

The most commonly detected pesticides were the organochlorine derivatives pp-DDE and pp-DDT (four and three sites respectively), followed by the triazine herbicide simazine and thefungicides azoxystrobin and boscalid (three sites each). The herbicide diruon was only detected at one site, however was the highest concentration detected across all detections, 28 μg/kg, thiswas followed by the fungicide boscalid at 22 μg/Kg and triazine herbicide prometryn at 15 μg/kg (Table 7). It should be noted that there are currently no ISQG guidelines for any of the pesticides other than the organochlorines detected in this study.

2012 March – July: Deep Creek at Ballarto Road. Pesticides in Sediment: Multiple

An assessment of sediment toxicants in Western Port and major tributaries

Sharp, Myers, Pettigrove July 2013 CAPIM Technical Report No 27

Sediment

p34 Site UN15: Deep Creek at Ballarto Road

p,p DDE 5ug/kg, p,p DDE (normalised) 2.26ug/kg, p,p DDT 6ug/kg, p,p DDT (normalised) 2.7ug/kg, Simazine Trace, Pirimicarb Trace, Triadimenol Trace

p 13 Pesticides
A number of studies have detected pesticides in several of the rivers and creeks that flow into Western Port. For instance, Melbourne Water sediment quality data from 2008 – 2009 indicated that pesticides were entering the bay via Watsons Creek, which flows into Yaringa Marine Park in the Lower North Arm, flagging this section of the bay as a crucial area for follow up monitoring. This study also detected pesticides in Cardinia Creek sediments including low concentrations of simazine and metabolites of DDT. Earlier reports detected various organochlorine pesticides (including metabolites of DDT, lindane, endosulfan and chlorpyrifos) in freshwaters including Watsons Creek, Warringine Creek and Lang Lang River among other waterways entering the bay (Hardwick, 1998, Coleman and Pettigrove, 2001). In 1997, the concentration of pesticides measured at 10 sites were all below the limits of detection including atrazine (50 μg/kg), organochlorines (<5 μg/kg) and organophosphates (<50 μg/kg) (Rees et al., 1998), with concentrations also below detection limits at four sites measured for 2,4-D (<50μg/kg). It should be noted that the limits of detection used by Rees et al (1998) weresignificantly higher than those used in the studies undertaken by Hardwick (1998) and Colemanand Pettigrove (2001) which may explain why there were no pesticides detected. Beyondpreliminary data of waterways, the full extent of pesticide contamination in Western Port has yet to be determined.p33 PesticidesOf the 22 sites sampled for pesticides in sediments, eight sites had detections (Table 7; Figure15). A total of 17 pesticides were detected, with up to nine different pesticides occurring at Western Contour Drain (UN26) which included four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, prometryn and linuron), four fungicides (oxadixyl, azoxystrobin, boscalid and cyprodinil) and the insecticide fenamiphos (Table 7). The highest concentrations detected for the triazine herbicide prometryn and fungicide boscalid (15 and 22 μg/kg respectively) occurred in the Western Contour Drain (UN26). Watsons Creek estuary had the second highest number of detections (8) being a source of four insecticides (two organochlorines (pp-DDE and pp-DDT; pirimicarb and fenamiphos), three triazine herbicides (metolachlor, prometryn, and linuron) and the fungicide boscalid at 8 μg/kg. At Yallock Cut and Deep Creek a total of four and five different pesticides were detected respectively. At Deep Creek the organochlorine derivatives, pp-DDE and pp-DDTwere above the ISQG-low suggesting a potential moderate impact to aquatic faunal assemblages. The other pesticides detected at both of these sites were below 2 μg/Kg, however no guidelines exist for any of the other pesticides detected. At Sawtells Creek three pesticides were detected. The organochlorine derivative pp-DDE was detected at a concentration of 0.73 μg/kg which was below the ISQG-low suggesting it is unlikely to be having a detrimental effect on aquatic fauna at this site. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin was detected at 5 μg/Kg and the herbicide diuron at 28 μg/kg. There are no ISQG values for these pesticides. Theother three sites (Western Contour estuary, Lang Lang River and Bass River estuary) had onlyone pesticide detected, concentrations ranging between trace and 1 μg/kg, with the exception of boscalid in Western Contour estuary at 6 μg/kg (Table 7). No pesticides were detected at any of the six sites in Western Port or in sediments from Warringine Creek (LN9), Cardinia Creek (UN17, UN32), Bunyip River (UN29), Deep Creek (UN30, UN31), Merricks Creek (WS2) and Sawtells Inlet (UN8).The most commonly detected pesticides were the organochlorine derivatives pp-DDE and pp-DDT (four and three sites respectively), followed by the triazine herbicide simazine and thefungicides azoxystrobin and boscalid (three sites each). The herbicide diruon was only detected at one site, however was the highest concentration detected across all detections, 28 μg/kg, thiswas followed by the fungicide boscalid at 22 μg/Kg and triazine herbicide prometryn at 15 μg/kg (Table 7). It should be noted that there are currently no ISQG guidelines for any of the pesticides other than the organochlorines detected in this study.

An assessment of sediment toxicants in Western Port and major tributaries

Sharp, Myers, Pettigrove July 2013 CAPIM Technical Report No 27

Sediment

p34 Site UN15: Deep Creek at Ballarto Road

p,p DDE 5ug/kg, p,p DDE (normalised) 2.26ug/kg, p,p DDT 6ug/kg, p,p DDT (normalised) 2.7ug/kg, Simazine Trace, Pirimicarb Trace, Triadimenol Trace

p 13 Pesticides
A number of studies have detected pesticides in several of the rivers and creeks that flow into Western Port. For instance, Melbourne Water sediment quality data from 2008 – 2009 indicated that pesticides were entering the bay via Watsons Creek, which flows into Yaringa Marine Park in the Lower North Arm, flagging this section of the bay as a crucial area for follow up monitoring. This study also detected pesticides in Cardinia Creek sediments including low concentrations of simazine and metabolites of DDT. Earlier reports detected various organochlorine pesticides (including metabolites of DDT, lindane, endosulfan and chlorpyrifos) in freshwaters including Watsons Creek, Warringine Creek and Lang Lang River among other waterways entering the bay (Hardwick, 1998, Coleman and Pettigrove, 2001). In 1997, the concentration of pesticides measured at 10 sites were all below the limits of detection including atrazine (50 μg/kg), organochlorines (<5 μg/kg) and organophosphates (<50 μg/kg) (Rees et al., 1998), with concentrations also below detection limits at four sites measured for 2,4-D (<50μg/kg). It should be noted that the limits of detection used by Rees et al (1998) weresignificantly higher than those used in the studies undertaken by Hardwick (1998) and Colemanand Pettigrove (2001) which may explain why there were no pesticides detected. Beyondpreliminary data of waterways, the full extent of pesticide contamination in Western Port has yet to be determined.

p33 Pesticides
Of the 22 sites sampled for pesticides in sediments, eight sites had detections (Table 7; Figure15). A total of 17 pesticides were detected, with up to nine different pesticides occurring at Western Contour Drain (UN26) which included four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, prometryn and linuron), four fungicides (oxadixyl, azoxystrobin, boscalid and cyprodinil) and the insecticide fenamiphos (Table 7). The highest concentrations detected for the triazine herbicide prometryn and fungicide boscalid (15 and 22 μg/kg respectively) occurred in the Western Contour Drain (UN26). Watsons Creek estuary had the second highest number of detections (8) being a source of four insecticides (two organochlorines (pp-DDE and pp-DDT; pirimicarb and fenamiphos), three triazine herbicides (metolachlor, prometryn, and linuron) and the fungicide boscalid at 8 μg/kg. At Yallock Cut and Deep Creek a total of four and five different pesticides were detected respectively. At Deep Creek the organochlorine derivatives, pp-DDE and pp-DDTwere above the ISQG-low suggesting a potential moderate impact to aquatic faunal assemblages. The other pesticides detected at both of these sites were below 2 μg/Kg, however no guidelines exist for any of the other pesticides detected. At Sawtells Creek three pesticides were detected. The organochlorine derivative pp-DDE was detected at a concentration of 0.73 μg/kg which was below the ISQG-low suggesting it is unlikely to be having a detrimental effect on aquatic fauna at this site. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin was detected at 5 μg/Kg and the herbicide diuron at 28 μg/kg. There are no ISQG values for these pesticides. The
other three sites (Western Contour estuary, Lang Lang River and Bass River estuary) had only
one pesticide detected, concentrations ranging between trace and 1 μg/kg, with the exception of boscalid in Western Contour estuary at 6 μg/kg (Table 7). No pesticides were detected at any of the six sites in Western Port or in sediments from Warringine Creek (LN9), Cardinia Creek (UN17, UN32), Bunyip River (UN29), Deep Creek (UN30, UN31), Merricks Creek (WS2) and Sawtells Inlet (UN8).

The most commonly detected pesticides were the organochlorine derivatives pp-DDE and pp-DDT (four and three sites respectively), followed by the triazine herbicide simazine and thefungicides azoxystrobin and boscalid (three sites each). The herbicide diruon was only detected at one site, however was the highest concentration detected across all detections, 28 μg/kg, thiswas followed by the fungicide boscalid at 22 μg/Kg and triazine herbicide prometryn at 15 μg/kg (Table 7). It should be noted that there are currently no ISQG guidelines for any of the pesticides other than the organochlorines detected in this study.

2012 March – July: Lang Lang River at South Gippsland Highway. Pesticide in Sediment: Azoxystrobin

An assessment of sediment toxicants in Western Port and major tributaries

Sharp, Myers, Pettigrove July 2013 CAPIM Technical Report No 27

Sediment

p34 Site UN25: Lang Lang River at South Gippsland Highway

Azoxystrobin 1ug/kg

p 13 Pesticides
A number of studies have detected pesticides in several of the rivers and creeks that flow into Western Port. For instance, Melbourne Water sediment quality data from 2008 – 2009 indicated that pesticides were entering the bay via Watsons Creek, which flows into Yaringa Marine Park in the Lower North Arm, flagging this section of the bay as a crucial area for follow up monitoring. This study also detected pesticides in Cardinia Creek sediments including low concentrations of simazine and metabolites of DDT. Earlier reports detected various organochlorine pesticides (including metabolites of DDT, lindane, endosulfan and chlorpyrifos) in freshwaters including Watsons Creek, Warringine Creek and Lang Lang River among other waterways entering the bay (Hardwick, 1998, Coleman and Pettigrove, 2001). In 1997, the concentration of pesticides measured at 10 sites were all below the limits of detection including atrazine (50 μg/kg), organochlorines (<5 μg/kg) and organophosphates (<50 μg/kg) (Rees et al., 1998), with concentrations also below detection limits at four sites measured for 2,4-D (<50μg/kg). It should be noted that the limits of detection used by Rees et al (1998) weresignificantly higher than those used in the studies undertaken by Hardwick (1998) and Colemanand Pettigrove (2001) which may explain why there were no pesticides detected. Beyondpreliminary data of waterways, the full extent of pesticide contamination in Western Port has yet to be determined.

p33 Pesticides
Of the 22 sites sampled for pesticides in sediments, eight sites had detections (Table 7; Figure15). A total of 17 pesticides were detected, with up to nine different pesticides occurring at Western Contour Drain (UN26) which included four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, prometryn and linuron), four fungicides (oxadixyl, azoxystrobin, boscalid and cyprodinil) and the insecticide fenamiphos (Table 7). The highest concentrations detected for the triazine herbicide prometryn and fungicide boscalid (15 and 22 μg/kg respectively) occurred in the Western Contour Drain (UN26). Watsons Creek estuary had the second highest number of detections (8) being a source of four insecticides (two organochlorines (pp-DDE and pp-DDT; pirimicarb and fenamiphos), three triazine herbicides (metolachlor, prometryn, and linuron) and the fungicide boscalid at 8 μg/kg. At Yallock Cut and Deep Creek a total of four and five different pesticides were detected respectively. At Deep Creek the organochlorine derivatives, pp-DDE and pp-DDTwere above the ISQG-low suggesting a potential moderate impact to aquatic faunal assemblages. The other pesticides detected at both of these sites were below 2 μg/Kg, however no guidelines exist for any of the other pesticides detected. At Sawtells Creek three pesticides were detected. The organochlorine derivative pp-DDE was detected at a concentration of 0.73 μg/kg which was below the ISQG-low suggesting it is unlikely to be having a detrimental effect on aquatic fauna at this site. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin was detected at 5 μg/Kg and the herbicide diuron at 28 μg/kg. There are no ISQG values for these pesticides. The
other three sites (Western Contour estuary, Lang Lang River and Bass River estuary) had only
one pesticide detected, concentrations ranging between trace and 1 μg/kg, with the exception of boscalid in Western Contour estuary at 6 μg/kg (Table 7). No pesticides were detected at any of the six sites in Western Port or in sediments from Warringine Creek (LN9), Cardinia Creek (UN17, UN32), Bunyip River (UN29), Deep Creek (UN30, UN31), Merricks Creek (WS2) and Sawtells Inlet (UN8).

The most commonly detected pesticides were the organochlorine derivatives pp-DDE and pp-DDT (four and three sites respectively), followed by the triazine herbicide simazine and thefungicides azoxystrobin and boscalid (three sites each). The herbicide diruon was only detected at one site, however was the highest concentration detected across all detections, 28 μg/kg, thiswas followed by the fungicide boscalid at 22 μg/Kg and triazine herbicide prometryn at 15 μg/kg (Table 7). It should be noted that there are currently no ISQG guidelines for any of the pesticides other than the organochlorines detected in this study.

An assessment of sediment toxicants in Western Port and major tributaries

Sharp, Myers, Pettigrove July 2013 CAPIM Technical Report No 27

Sediment

p34 Site UN25: Lang Lang River at South Gippsland Highway

Azoxystrobin 1ug/kg

p 13 Pesticides
A number of studies have detected pesticides in several of the rivers and creeks that flow into Western Port. For instance, Melbourne Water sediment quality data from 2008 – 2009 indicated that pesticides were entering the bay via Watsons Creek, which flows into Yaringa Marine Park in the Lower North Arm, flagging this section of the bay as a crucial area for follow up monitoring. This study also detected pesticides in Cardinia Creek sediments including low concentrations of simazine and metabolites of DDT. Earlier reports detected various organochlorine pesticides (including metabolites of DDT, lindane, endosulfan and chlorpyrifos) in freshwaters including Watsons Creek, Warringine Creek and Lang Lang River among other waterways entering the bay (Hardwick, 1998, Coleman and Pettigrove, 2001). In 1997, the concentration of pesticides measured at 10 sites were all below the limits of detection including atrazine (50 μg/kg), organochlorines (<5 μg/kg) and organophosphates (<50 μg/kg) (Rees et al., 1998), with concentrations also below detection limits at four sites measured for 2,4-D (<50μg/kg). It should be noted that the limits of detection used by Rees et al (1998) weresignificantly higher than those used in the studies undertaken by Hardwick (1998) and Colemanand Pettigrove (2001) which may explain why there were no pesticides detected. Beyondpreliminary data of waterways, the full extent of pesticide contamination in Western Port has yet to be determined.

p33 Pesticides
Of the 22 sites sampled for pesticides in sediments, eight sites had detections (Table 7; Figure15). A total of 17 pesticides were detected, with up to nine different pesticides occurring at Western Contour Drain (UN26) which included four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, prometryn and linuron), four fungicides (oxadixyl, azoxystrobin, boscalid and cyprodinil) and the insecticide fenamiphos (Table 7). The highest concentrations detected for the triazine herbicide prometryn and fungicide boscalid (15 and 22 μg/kg respectively) occurred in the Western Contour Drain (UN26). Watsons Creek estuary had the second highest number of detections (8) being a source of four insecticides (two organochlorines (pp-DDE and pp-DDT; pirimicarb and fenamiphos), three triazine herbicides (metolachlor, prometryn, and linuron) and the fungicide boscalid at 8 μg/kg. At Yallock Cut and Deep Creek a total of four and five different pesticides were detected respectively. At Deep Creek the organochlorine derivatives, pp-DDE and pp-DDTwere above the ISQG-low suggesting a potential moderate impact to aquatic faunal assemblages. The other pesticides detected at both of these sites were below 2 μg/Kg, however no guidelines exist for any of the other pesticides detected. At Sawtells Creek three pesticides were detected. The organochlorine derivative pp-DDE was detected at a concentration of 0.73 μg/kg which was below the ISQG-low suggesting it is unlikely to be having a detrimental effect on aquatic fauna at this site. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin was detected at 5 μg/Kg and the herbicide diuron at 28 μg/kg. There are no ISQG values for these pesticides. The
other three sites (Western Contour estuary, Lang Lang River and Bass River estuary) had only
one pesticide detected, concentrations ranging between trace and 1 μg/kg, with the exception of boscalid in Western Contour estuary at 6 μg/kg (Table 7). No pesticides were detected at any of the six sites in Western Port or in sediments from Warringine Creek (LN9), Cardinia Creek (UN17, UN32), Bunyip River (UN29), Deep Creek (UN30, UN31), Merricks Creek (WS2) and Sawtells Inlet (UN8).

The most commonly detected pesticides were the organochlorine derivatives pp-DDE and pp-DDT (four and three sites respectively), followed by the triazine herbicide simazine and thefungicides azoxystrobin and boscalid (three sites each). The herbicide diruon was only detected at one site, however was the highest concentration detected across all detections, 28 μg/kg, thiswas followed by the fungicide boscalid at 22 μg/Kg and triazine herbicide prometryn at 15 μg/kg (Table 7). It should be noted that there are currently no ISQG guidelines for any of the pesticides other than the organochlorines detected in this study.

2012 March – July: Western Contour Drain Estuary Sediment. Pesticide: Boscalid

An assessment of sediment toxicants in Western Port and major tributaries

Sharp, Myers, Pettigrove July 2013 CAPIM Technical Report No 27

Sediment

p34 Site UN28: Western Contour Drain Estuary Mouth Blind Bight

 Boscalid 6ug/kg

p 13 Pesticides
A number of studies have detected pesticides in several of the rivers and creeks that flow into Western Port. For instance, Melbourne Water sediment quality data from 2008 – 2009 indicated that pesticides were entering the bay via Watsons Creek, which flows into Yaringa Marine Park in the Lower North Arm, flagging this section of the bay as a crucial area for follow up monitoring. This study also detected pesticides in Cardinia Creek sediments including low concentrations of simazine and metabolites of DDT. Earlier reports detected various organochlorine pesticides (including metabolites of DDT, lindane, endosulfan and chlorpyrifos) in freshwaters including Watsons Creek, Warringine Creek and Lang Lang River among other waterways entering the bay (Hardwick, 1998, Coleman and Pettigrove, 2001). In 1997, the concentration of pesticides measured at 10 sites were all below the limits of detection including atrazine (50 μg/kg), organochlorines (<5 μg/kg) and organophosphates (<50 μg/kg) (Rees et al., 1998), with concentrations also below detection limits at four sites measured for 2,4-D (<50μg/kg). It should be noted that the limits of detection used by Rees et al (1998) weresignificantly higher than those used in the studies undertaken by Hardwick (1998) and Colemanand Pettigrove (2001) which may explain why there were no pesticides detected. Beyondpreliminary data of waterways, the full extent of pesticide contamination in Western Port has yet to be determined.

p33 Pesticides
Of the 22 sites sampled for pesticides in sediments, eight sites had detections (Table 7; Figure15). A total of 17 pesticides were detected, with up to nine different pesticides occurring at Western Contour Drain (UN26) which included four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, prometryn and linuron), four fungicides (oxadixyl, azoxystrobin, boscalid and cyprodinil) and the insecticide fenamiphos (Table 7). The highest concentrations detected for the triazine herbicide prometryn and fungicide boscalid (15 and 22 μg/kg respectively) occurred in the Western Contour Drain (UN26). Watsons Creek estuary had the second highest number of detections (8) being a source of four insecticides (two organochlorines (pp-DDE and pp-DDT; pirimicarb and fenamiphos), three triazine herbicides (metolachlor, prometryn, and linuron) and the fungicide boscalid at 8 μg/kg. At Yallock Cut and Deep Creek a total of four and five different pesticides were detected respectively. At Deep Creek the organochlorine derivatives, pp-DDE and pp-DDTwere above the ISQG-low suggesting a potential moderate impact to aquatic faunal assemblages. The other pesticides detected at both of these sites were below 2 μg/Kg, however no guidelines exist for any of the other pesticides detected. At Sawtells Creek three pesticides were detected. The organochlorine derivative pp-DDE was detected at a concentration of 0.73 μg/kg which was below the ISQG-low suggesting it is unlikely to be having a detrimental effect on aquatic fauna at this site. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin was detected at 5 μg/Kg and the herbicide diuron at 28 μg/kg. There are no ISQG values for these pesticides. The
other three sites (Western Contour estuary, Lang Lang River and Bass River estuary) had only
one pesticide detected, concentrations ranging between trace and 1 μg/kg, with the exception of boscalid in Western Contour estuary at 6 μg/kg (Table 7). No pesticides were detected at any of the six sites in Western Port or in sediments from Warringine Creek (LN9), Cardinia Creek (UN17, UN32), Bunyip River (UN29), Deep Creek (UN30, UN31), Merricks Creek (WS2) and Sawtells Inlet (UN8).

The most commonly detected pesticides were the organochlorine derivatives pp-DDE and pp-DDT (four and three sites respectively), followed by the triazine herbicide simazine and thefungicides azoxystrobin and boscalid (three sites each). The herbicide diruon was only detected at one site, however was the highest concentration detected across all detections, 28 μg/kg, thiswas followed by the fungicide boscalid at 22 μg/Kg and triazine herbicide prometryn at 15 μg/kg (Table 7). It should be noted that there are currently no ISQG guidelines for any of the pesticides other than the organochlorines detected in this study.

An assessment of sediment toxicants in Western Port and major tributaries

Sharp, Myers, Pettigrove July 2013 CAPIM Technical Report No 27

Sediment

p34 Site UN28: Western Contour Drain Estuary Mouth Blind Bight

Boscalid 6ug/kg

p 13 Pesticides
A number of studies have detected pesticides in several of the rivers and creeks that flow into Western Port. For instance, Melbourne Water sediment quality data from 2008 – 2009 indicated that pesticides were entering the bay via Watsons Creek, which flows into Yaringa Marine Park in the Lower North Arm, flagging this section of the bay as a crucial area for follow up monitoring. This study also detected pesticides in Cardinia Creek sediments including low concentrations of simazine and metabolites of DDT. Earlier reports detected various organochlorine pesticides (including metabolites of DDT, lindane, endosulfan and chlorpyrifos) in freshwaters including Watsons Creek, Warringine Creek and Lang Lang River among other waterways entering the bay (Hardwick, 1998, Coleman and Pettigrove, 2001). In 1997, the concentration of pesticides measured at 10 sites were all below the limits of detection including atrazine (50 μg/kg), organochlorines (<5 μg/kg) and organophosphates (<50 μg/kg) (Rees et al., 1998), with concentrations also below detection limits at four sites measured for 2,4-D (<50μg/kg). It should be noted that the limits of detection used by Rees et al (1998) weresignificantly higher than those used in the studies undertaken by Hardwick (1998) and Colemanand Pettigrove (2001) which may explain why there were no pesticides detected. Beyondpreliminary data of waterways, the full extent of pesticide contamination in Western Port has yet to be determined.

p33 Pesticides
Of the 22 sites sampled for pesticides in sediments, eight sites had detections (Table 7; Figure15). A total of 17 pesticides were detected, with up to nine different pesticides occurring at Western Contour Drain (UN26) which included four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, prometryn and linuron), four fungicides (oxadixyl, azoxystrobin, boscalid and cyprodinil) and the insecticide fenamiphos (Table 7). The highest concentrations detected for the triazine herbicide prometryn and fungicide boscalid (15 and 22 μg/kg respectively) occurred in the Western Contour Drain (UN26). Watsons Creek estuary had the second highest number of detections (8) being a source of four insecticides (two organochlorines (pp-DDE and pp-DDT; pirimicarb and fenamiphos), three triazine herbicides (metolachlor, prometryn, and linuron) and the fungicide boscalid at 8 μg/kg. At Yallock Cut and Deep Creek a total of four and five different pesticides were detected respectively. At Deep Creek the organochlorine derivatives, pp-DDE and pp-DDTwere above the ISQG-low suggesting a potential moderate impact to aquatic faunal assemblages. The other pesticides detected at both of these sites were below 2 μg/Kg, however no guidelines exist for any of the other pesticides detected. At Sawtells Creek three pesticides were detected. The organochlorine derivative pp-DDE was detected at a concentration of 0.73 μg/kg which was below the ISQG-low suggesting it is unlikely to be having a detrimental effect on aquatic fauna at this site. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin was detected at 5 μg/Kg and the herbicide diuron at 28 μg/kg. There are no ISQG values for these pesticides. The
other three sites (Western Contour estuary, Lang Lang River and Bass River estuary) had only
one pesticide detected, concentrations ranging between trace and 1 μg/kg, with the exception of boscalid in Western Contour estuary at 6 μg/kg (Table 7). No pesticides were detected at any of the six sites in Western Port or in sediments from Warringine Creek (LN9), Cardinia Creek (UN17, UN32), Bunyip River (UN29), Deep Creek (UN30, UN31), Merricks Creek (WS2) and Sawtells Inlet (UN8).

The most commonly detected pesticides were the organochlorine derivatives pp-DDE and pp-DDT (four and three sites respectively), followed by the triazine herbicide simazine and thefungicides azoxystrobin and boscalid (three sites each). The herbicide diruon was only detected at one site, however was the highest concentration detected across all detections, 28 μg/kg, thiswas followed by the fungicide boscalid at 22 μg/Kg and triazine herbicide prometryn at 15 μg/kg (Table 7). It should be noted that there are currently no ISQG guidelines for any of the pesticides other than the organochlorines detected in this study.

2012 March – July: Western Contour Drain Sediment. Pesticides: Multiple

An assessment of sediment toxicants in Western Port and major tributaries

Sharp, Myers, Pettigrove July 2013 CAPIM Technical Report No 27

Sediment

p34 Site UN26: Western Contour Drain South Gippsland Highway

Simazine Trace, Metolachlor Trace, Prometryn 15ug/kg, Linuron Trace, Fenamiphos Trace, Oxadixyl 5ug/kg, Azoxystrobin 1ug/kg, Boscalid 22ug/kg, Cyprodinil Trace

p 13 Pesticides
A number of studies have detected pesticides in several of the rivers and creeks that flow into Western Port. For instance, Melbourne Water sediment quality data from 2008 – 2009 indicated that pesticides were entering the bay via Watsons Creek, which flows into Yaringa Marine Park in the Lower North Arm, flagging this section of the bay as a crucial area for follow up monitoring. This study also detected pesticides in Cardinia Creek sediments including low concentrations of simazine and metabolites of DDT. Earlier reports detected various organochlorine pesticides (including metabolites of DDT, lindane, endosulfan and chlorpyrifos) in freshwaters including Watsons Creek, Warringine Creek and Lang Lang River among other waterways entering the bay (Hardwick, 1998, Coleman and Pettigrove, 2001). In 1997, the concentration of pesticides measured at 10 sites were all below the limits of detection including atrazine (50 μg/kg), organochlorines (<5 μg/kg) and organophosphates (<50 μg/kg) (Rees et al., 1998), with concentrations also below detection limits at four sites measured for 2,4-D (<50μg/kg). It should be noted that the limits of detection used by Rees et al (1998) weresignificantly higher than those used in the studies undertaken by Hardwick (1998) and Colemanand Pettigrove (2001) which may explain why there were no pesticides detected. Beyondpreliminary data of waterways, the full extent of pesticide contamination in Western Port has yet to be determined.

p33 Pesticides
Of the 22 sites sampled for pesticides in sediments, eight sites had detections (Table 7; Figure15). A total of 17 pesticides were detected, with up to nine different pesticides occurring at Western Contour Drain (UN26) which included four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, prometryn and linuron), four fungicides (oxadixyl, azoxystrobin, boscalid and cyprodinil) and the insecticide fenamiphos (Table 7). The highest concentrations detected for the triazine herbicide prometryn and fungicide boscalid (15 and 22 μg/kg respectively) occurred in the Western Contour Drain (UN26). Watsons Creek estuary had the second highest number of detections (8) being a source of four insecticides (two organochlorines (pp-DDE and pp-DDT; pirimicarb and fenamiphos), three triazine herbicides (metolachlor, prometryn, and linuron) and the fungicide boscalid at 8 μg/kg. At Yallock Cut and Deep Creek a total of four and five different pesticides were detected respectively. At Deep Creek the organochlorine derivatives, pp-DDE and pp-DDTwere above the ISQG-low suggesting a potential moderate impact to aquatic faunal assemblages. The other pesticides detected at both of these sites were below 2 μg/Kg, however no guidelines exist for any of the other pesticides detected. At Sawtells Creek three pesticides were detected. The organochlorine derivative pp-DDE was detected at a concentration of 0.73 μg/kg which was below the ISQG-low suggesting it is unlikely to be having a detrimental effect on aquatic fauna at this site. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin was detected at 5 μg/Kg and the herbicide diuron at 28 μg/kg. There are no ISQG values for these pesticides. The
other three sites (Western Contour estuary, Lang Lang River and Bass River estuary) had only
one pesticide detected, concentrations ranging between trace and 1 μg/kg, with the exception of boscalid in Western Contour estuary at 6 μg/kg (Table 7). No pesticides were detected at any of the six sites in Western Port or in sediments from Warringine Creek (LN9), Cardinia Creek (UN17, UN32), Bunyip River (UN29), Deep Creek (UN30, UN31), Merricks Creek (WS2) and Sawtells Inlet (UN8).

The most commonly detected pesticides were the organochlorine derivatives pp-DDE and pp-DDT (four and three sites respectively), followed by the triazine herbicide simazine and thefungicides azoxystrobin and boscalid (three sites each). The herbicide diruon was only detected at one site, however was the highest concentration detected across all detections, 28 μg/kg, thiswas followed by the fungicide boscalid at 22 μg/Kg and triazine herbicide prometryn at 15 μg/kg (Table 7). It should be noted that there are currently no ISQG guidelines for any of the pesticides other than the organochlorines detected in this study.

An assessment of sediment toxicants in Western Port and major tributaries

Sharp, Myers, Pettigrove July 2013 CAPIM Technical Report No 27

Sediment

p34 Site UN26: Western Contour Drain South Gippsland Highway

Simazine Trace, Metolachlor Trace, Prometryn 15ug/kg, Linuron Trace, Fenamiphos Trace, Oxadixyl 5ug/kg, Azoxystrobin 1ug/kg, Boscalid 22ug/kg, Cyprodinil Trace

p 13 Pesticides
A number of studies have detected pesticides in several of the rivers and creeks that flow into Western Port. For instance, Melbourne Water sediment quality data from 2008 – 2009 indicated that pesticides were entering the bay via Watsons Creek, which flows into Yaringa Marine Park in the Lower North Arm, flagging this section of the bay as a crucial area for follow up monitoring. This study also detected pesticides in Cardinia Creek sediments including low concentrations of simazine and metabolites of DDT. Earlier reports detected various organochlorine pesticides (including metabolites of DDT, lindane, endosulfan and chlorpyrifos) in freshwaters including Watsons Creek, Warringine Creek and Lang Lang River among other waterways entering the bay (Hardwick, 1998, Coleman and Pettigrove, 2001). In 1997, the concentration of pesticides measured at 10 sites were all below the limits of detection including atrazine (50 μg/kg), organochlorines (<5 μg/kg) and organophosphates (<50 μg/kg) (Rees et al., 1998), with concentrations also below detection limits at four sites measured for 2,4-D (<50μg/kg). It should be noted that the limits of detection used by Rees et al (1998) weresignificantly higher than those used in the studies undertaken by Hardwick (1998) and Colemanand Pettigrove (2001) which may explain why there were no pesticides detected. Beyondpreliminary data of waterways, the full extent of pesticide contamination in Western Port has yet to be determined.

p33 Pesticides
Of the 22 sites sampled for pesticides in sediments, eight sites had detections (Table 7; Figure15). A total of 17 pesticides were detected, with up to nine different pesticides occurring at Western Contour Drain (UN26) which included four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, prometryn and linuron), four fungicides (oxadixyl, azoxystrobin, boscalid and cyprodinil) and the insecticide fenamiphos (Table 7). The highest concentrations detected for the triazine herbicide prometryn and fungicide boscalid (15 and 22 μg/kg respectively) occurred in the Western Contour Drain (UN26). Watsons Creek estuary had the second highest number of detections (8) being a source of four insecticides (two organochlorines (pp-DDE and pp-DDT; pirimicarb and fenamiphos), three triazine herbicides (metolachlor, prometryn, and linuron) and the fungicide boscalid at 8 μg/kg. At Yallock Cut and Deep Creek a total of four and five different pesticides were detected respectively. At Deep Creek the organochlorine derivatives, pp-DDE and pp-DDTwere above the ISQG-low suggesting a potential moderate impact to aquatic faunal assemblages. The other pesticides detected at both of these sites were below 2 μg/Kg, however no guidelines exist for any of the other pesticides detected. At Sawtells Creek three pesticides were detected. The organochlorine derivative pp-DDE was detected at a concentration of 0.73 μg/kg which was below the ISQG-low suggesting it is unlikely to be having a detrimental effect on aquatic fauna at this site. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin was detected at 5 μg/Kg and the herbicide diuron at 28 μg/kg. There are no ISQG values for these pesticides. The
other three sites (Western Contour estuary, Lang Lang River and Bass River estuary) had only
one pesticide detected, concentrations ranging between trace and 1 μg/kg, with the exception of boscalid in Western Contour estuary at 6 μg/kg (Table 7). No pesticides were detected at any of the six sites in Western Port or in sediments from Warringine Creek (LN9), Cardinia Creek (UN17, UN32), Bunyip River (UN29), Deep Creek (UN30, UN31), Merricks Creek (WS2) and Sawtells Inlet (UN8).

The most commonly detected pesticides were the organochlorine derivatives pp-DDE and pp-DDT (four and three sites respectively), followed by the triazine herbicide simazine and thefungicides azoxystrobin and boscalid (three sites each). The herbicide diruon was only detected at one site, however was the highest concentration detected across all detections, 28 μg/kg, thiswas followed by the fungicide boscalid at 22 μg/Kg and triazine herbicide prometryn at 15 μg/kg (Table 7). It should be noted that there are currently no ISQG guidelines for any of the pesticides other than the organochlorines detected in this study.

2012 March – July: Sawtells Creek Sediment. Pesticides: p,p, DDE, Bifenthrin, Simazine, Diuron

An assessment of sediment toxicants in Western Port and major tributaries

Sharp, Myers, Pettigrove July 2013 CAPIM Technical Report No 27

Sediment

p34 Site UN9: Sawtells Creek at Hopetown Road

p,p DDE 3.3ug/kg, p,p DDE (normalised) 0.73ug/L, Bifenthrin 5ug/kg, Simazine Trace, Diuron 28ug/kg

p 13 Pesticides
A number of studies have detected pesticides in several of the rivers and creeks that flow into Western Port. For instance, Melbourne Water sediment quality data from 2008 – 2009 indicated that pesticides were entering the bay via Watsons Creek, which flows into Yaringa Marine Park in the Lower North Arm, flagging this section of the bay as a crucial area for follow up monitoring. This study also detected pesticides in Cardinia Creek sediments including low concentrations of simazine and metabolites of DDT. Earlier reports detected various organochlorine pesticides (including metabolites of DDT, lindane, endosulfan and chlorpyrifos) in freshwaters including Watsons Creek, Warringine Creek and Lang Lang River among other waterways entering the bay (Hardwick, 1998, Coleman and Pettigrove, 2001). In 1997, the concentration of pesticides measured at 10 sites were all below the limits of detection including atrazine (50 μg/kg), organochlorines (<5 μg/kg) and organophosphates (<50 μg/kg) (Rees et al., 1998), with concentrations also below detection limits at four sites measured for 2,4-D (<50μg/kg). It should be noted that the limits of detection used by Rees et al (1998) weresignificantly higher than those used in the studies undertaken by Hardwick (1998) and Colemanand Pettigrove (2001) which may explain why there were no pesticides detected. Beyondpreliminary data of waterways, the full extent of pesticide contamination in Western Port has yet to be determined.

p33 Pesticides
Of the 22 sites sampled for pesticides in sediments, eight sites had detections (Table 7; Figure15). A total of 17 pesticides were detected, with up to nine different pesticides occurring at Western Contour Drain (UN26) which included four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, prometryn and linuron), four fungicides (oxadixyl, azoxystrobin, boscalid and cyprodinil) and the insecticide fenamiphos (Table 7). The highest concentrations detected for the triazine herbicide prometryn and fungicide boscalid (15 and 22 μg/kg respectively) occurred in the Western Contour Drain (UN26). Watsons Creek estuary had the second highest number of detections (8) being a source of four insecticides (two organochlorines (pp-DDE and pp-DDT; pirimicarb and fenamiphos), three triazine herbicides (metolachlor, prometryn, and linuron) and the fungicide boscalid at 8 μg/kg. At Yallock Cut and Deep Creek a total of four and five different pesticides were detected respectively. At Deep Creek the organochlorine derivatives, pp-DDE and pp-DDTwere above the ISQG-low suggesting a potential moderate impact to aquatic faunal assemblages. The other pesticides detected at both of these sites were below 2 μg/Kg, however no guidelines exist for any of the other pesticides detected. At Sawtells Creek three pesticides were detected. The organochlorine derivative pp-DDE was detected at a concentration of 0.73 μg/kg which was below the ISQG-low suggesting it is unlikely to be having a detrimental effect on aquatic fauna at this site. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin was detected at 5 μg/Kg and the herbicide diuron at 28 μg/kg. There are no ISQG values for these pesticides. The
other three sites (Western Contour estuary, Lang Lang River and Bass River estuary) had only
one pesticide detected, concentrations ranging between trace and 1 μg/kg, with the exception of boscalid in Western Contour estuary at 6 μg/kg (Table 7). No pesticides were detected at any of the six sites in Western Port or in sediments from Warringine Creek (LN9), Cardinia Creek (UN17, UN32), Bunyip River (UN29), Deep Creek (UN30, UN31), Merricks Creek (WS2) and Sawtells Inlet (UN8).

The most commonly detected pesticides were the organochlorine derivatives pp-DDE and pp-DDT (four and three sites respectively), followed by the triazine herbicide simazine and thefungicides azoxystrobin and boscalid (three sites each). The herbicide diruon was only detected at one site, however was the highest concentration detected across all detections, 28 μg/kg, thiswas followed by the fungicide boscalid at 22 μg/Kg and triazine herbicide prometryn at 15 μg/kg (Table 7). It should be noted that there are currently no ISQG guidelines for any of the pesticides other than the organochlorines detected in this study.

An assessment of sediment toxicants in Western Port and major tributaries

Sharp, Myers, Pettigrove July 2013 CAPIM Technical Report No 27

Sediment

p34 Site UN9: Sawtells Creek at Hopetoun Road

p,p DDE 3.3ug/kg, p,p DDE (normalised) 0.73ug/L, Bifenthrin 5ug/kg, Simazine Trace, Diuron 28ug/kg

p 13 Pesticides
A number of studies have detected pesticides in several of the rivers and creeks that flow into Western Port. For instance, Melbourne Water sediment quality data from 2008 – 2009 indicated that pesticides were entering the bay via Watsons Creek, which flows into Yaringa Marine Park in the Lower North Arm, flagging this section of the bay as a crucial area for follow up monitoring. This study also detected pesticides in Cardinia Creek sediments including low concentrations of simazine and metabolites of DDT. Earlier reports detected various organochlorine pesticides (including metabolites of DDT, lindane, endosulfan and chlorpyrifos) in freshwaters including Watsons Creek, Warringine Creek and Lang Lang River among other waterways entering the bay (Hardwick, 1998, Coleman and Pettigrove, 2001). In 1997, the concentration of pesticides measured at 10 sites were all below the limits of detection including atrazine (50 μg/kg), organochlorines (<5 μg/kg) and organophosphates (<50 μg/kg) (Rees et al., 1998), with concentrations also below detection limits at four sites measured for 2,4-D (<50μg/kg). It should be noted that the limits of detection used by Rees et al (1998) weresignificantly higher than those used in the studies undertaken by Hardwick (1998) and Colemanand Pettigrove (2001) which may explain why there were no pesticides detected. Beyondpreliminary data of waterways, the full extent of pesticide contamination in Western Port has yet to be determined.

p33 Pesticides
Of the 22 sites sampled for pesticides in sediments, eight sites had detections (Table 7; Figure15). A total of 17 pesticides were detected, with up to nine different pesticides occurring at Western Contour Drain (UN26) which included four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, prometryn and linuron), four fungicides (oxadixyl, azoxystrobin, boscalid and cyprodinil) and the insecticide fenamiphos (Table 7). The highest concentrations detected for the triazine herbicide prometryn and fungicide boscalid (15 and 22 μg/kg respectively) occurred in the Western Contour Drain (UN26). Watsons Creek estuary had the second highest number of detections (8) being a source of four insecticides (two organochlorines (pp-DDE and pp-DDT; pirimicarb and fenamiphos), three triazine herbicides (metolachlor, prometryn, and linuron) and the fungicide boscalid at 8 μg/kg. At Yallock Cut and Deep Creek a total of four and five different pesticides were detected respectively. At Deep Creek the organochlorine derivatives, pp-DDE and pp-DDTwere above the ISQG-low suggesting a potential moderate impact to aquatic faunal assemblages. The other pesticides detected at both of these sites were below 2 μg/Kg, however no guidelines exist for any of the other pesticides detected. At Sawtells Creek three pesticides were detected. The organochlorine derivative pp-DDE was detected at a concentration of 0.73 μg/kg which was below the ISQG-low suggesting it is unlikely to be having a detrimental effect on aquatic fauna at this site. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin was detected at 5 μg/Kg and the herbicide diuron at 28 μg/kg. There are no ISQG values for these pesticides. The
other three sites (Western Contour estuary, Lang Lang River and Bass River estuary) had only
one pesticide detected, concentrations ranging between trace and 1 μg/kg, with the exception of boscalid in Western Contour estuary at 6 μg/kg (Table 7). No pesticides were detected at any of the six sites in Western Port or in sediments from Warringine Creek (LN9), Cardinia Creek (UN17, UN32), Bunyip River (UN29), Deep Creek (UN30, UN31), Merricks Creek (WS2) and Sawtells Inlet (UN8).

The most commonly detected pesticides were the organochlorine derivatives pp-DDE and pp-DDT (four and three sites respectively), followed by the triazine herbicide simazine and thefungicides azoxystrobin and boscalid (three sites each). The herbicide diruon was only detected at one site, however was the highest concentration detected across all detections, 28 μg/kg, thiswas followed by the fungicide boscalid at 22 μg/Kg and triazine herbicide prometryn at 15 μg/kg (Table 7). It should be noted that there are currently no ISQG guidelines for any of the pesticides other than the organochlorines detected in this study.

2012 March – July: Westernport Bay Yallock Cut. Pesticides in Sediment: p,p,DDE, Azoxystrobin, Pyrimethanil, Myclobutanil

An assessment of sediment toxicants in Western Port and major tributaries

Sharp, Myers, Pettigrove July 2013 CAPIM Technical Report No 27

Sediment

p34 Site UN13: Yallock Cut at South Gippsland Highway

p,p DDE Trace, Azoxystrobin 1ug/kg, Pyrimethanil Trace, Mycobutanil 2ug/kg

p 13 Pesticides
A number of studies have detected pesticides in several of the rivers and creeks that flow into Western Port. For instance, Melbourne Water sediment quality data from 2008 – 2009 indicated that pesticides were entering the bay via Watsons Creek, which flows into Yaringa Marine Park in the Lower North Arm, flagging this section of the bay as a crucial area for follow up monitoring. This study also detected pesticides in Cardinia Creek sediments including low concentrations of simazine and metabolites of DDT. Earlier reports detected various organochlorine pesticides (including metabolites of DDT, lindane, endosulfan and chlorpyrifos) in freshwaters including Watsons Creek, Warringine Creek and Lang Lang River among other waterways entering the bay (Hardwick, 1998, Coleman and Pettigrove, 2001). In 1997, the concentration of pesticides measured at 10 sites were all below the limits of detection including atrazine (50 μg/kg), organochlorines (<5 μg/kg) and organophosphates (<50 μg/kg) (Rees et al., 1998), with concentrations also below detection limits at four sites measured for 2,4-D (<50μg/kg). It should be noted that the limits of detection used by Rees et al (1998) weresignificantly higher than those used in the studies undertaken by Hardwick (1998) and Colemanand Pettigrove (2001) which may explain why there were no pesticides detected. Beyondpreliminary data of waterways, the full extent of pesticide contamination in Western Port has yet to be determined.

p33 Pesticides
Of the 22 sites sampled for pesticides in sediments, eight sites had detections (Table 7; Figure15). A total of 17 pesticides were detected, with up to nine different pesticides occurring at Western Contour Drain (UN26) which included four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, prometryn and linuron), four fungicides (oxadixyl, azoxystrobin, boscalid and cyprodinil) and the insecticide fenamiphos (Table 7). The highest concentrations detected for the triazine herbicide prometryn and fungicide boscalid (15 and 22 μg/kg respectively) occurred in the Western Contour Drain (UN26). Watsons Creek estuary had the second highest number of detections (8) being a source of four insecticides (two organochlorines (pp-DDE and pp-DDT; pirimicarb and fenamiphos), three triazine herbicides (metolachlor, prometryn, and linuron) and the fungicide boscalid at 8 μg/kg. At Yallock Cut and Deep Creek a total of four and five different pesticides were detected respectively. At Deep Creek the organochlorine derivatives, pp-DDE and pp-DDTwere above the ISQG-low suggesting a potential moderate impact to aquatic faunal assemblages. The other pesticides detected at both of these sites were below 2 μg/Kg, however no guidelines exist for any of the other pesticides detected. At Sawtells Creek three pesticides were detected. The organochlorine derivative pp-DDE was detected at a concentration of 0.73 μg/kg which was below the ISQG-low suggesting it is unlikely to be having a detrimental effect on aquatic fauna at this site. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin was detected at 5 μg/Kg and the herbicide diuron at 28 μg/kg. There are no ISQG values for these pesticides. The
other three sites (Western Contour estuary, Lang Lang River and Bass River estuary) had only
one pesticide detected, concentrations ranging between trace and 1 μg/kg, with the exception of boscalid in Western Contour estuary at 6 μg/kg (Table 7). No pesticides were detected at any of the six sites in Western Port or in sediments from Warringine Creek (LN9), Cardinia Creek (UN17, UN32), Bunyip River (UN29), Deep Creek (UN30, UN31), Merricks Creek (WS2) and Sawtells Inlet (UN8).

The most commonly detected pesticides were the organochlorine derivatives pp-DDE and pp-DDT (four and three sites respectively), followed by the triazine herbicide simazine and thefungicides azoxystrobin and boscalid (three sites each). The herbicide diruon was only detected at one site, however was the highest concentration detected across all detections, 28 μg/kg, thiswas followed by the fungicide boscalid at 22 μg/Kg and triazine herbicide prometryn at 15 μg/kg (Table 7). It should be noted that there are currently no ISQG guidelines for any of the pesticides other than the organochlorines detected in this study.

An assessment of sediment toxicants in Western Port and major tributaries

Sharp, Myers, Pettigrove July 2013 CAPIM Technical Report No 27

Sediment

p34 Site UN13: Yallock Cut at South Gippsland Highway

p,p DDE Trace, Azoxystrobin 1ug/kg, Pyrimethanil Trace, Mycobutanil 2ug/kg

p 13 Pesticides
A number of studies have detected pesticides in several of the rivers and creeks that flow into Western Port. For instance, Melbourne Water sediment quality data from 2008 – 2009 indicated that pesticides were entering the bay via Watsons Creek, which flows into Yaringa Marine Park in the Lower North Arm, flagging this section of the bay as a crucial area for follow up monitoring. This study also detected pesticides in Cardinia Creek sediments including low concentrations of simazine and metabolites of DDT. Earlier reports detected various organochlorine pesticides (including metabolites of DDT, lindane, endosulfan and chlorpyrifos) in freshwaters including Watsons Creek, Warringine Creek and Lang Lang River among other waterways entering the bay (Hardwick, 1998, Coleman and Pettigrove, 2001). In 1997, the concentration of pesticides measured at 10 sites were all below the limits of detection including atrazine (50 μg/kg), organochlorines (<5 μg/kg) and organophosphates (<50 μg/kg) (Rees et al., 1998), with concentrations also below detection limits at four sites measured for 2,4-D (<50μg/kg). It should be noted that the limits of detection used by Rees et al (1998) weresignificantly higher than those used in the studies undertaken by Hardwick (1998) and Colemanand Pettigrove (2001) which may explain why there were no pesticides detected. Beyondpreliminary data of waterways, the full extent of pesticide contamination in Western Port has yet to be determined.

p33 Pesticides
Of the 22 sites sampled for pesticides in sediments, eight sites had detections (Table 7; Figure15). A total of 17 pesticides were detected, with up to nine different pesticides occurring at Western Contour Drain (UN26) which included four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, prometryn and linuron), four fungicides (oxadixyl, azoxystrobin, boscalid and cyprodinil) and the insecticide fenamiphos (Table 7). The highest concentrations detected for the triazine herbicide prometryn and fungicide boscalid (15 and 22 μg/kg respectively) occurred in the Western Contour Drain (UN26). Watsons Creek estuary had the second highest number of detections (8) being a source of four insecticides (two organochlorines (pp-DDE and pp-DDT; pirimicarb and fenamiphos), three triazine herbicides (metolachlor, prometryn, and linuron) and the fungicide boscalid at 8 μg/kg. At Yallock Cut and Deep Creek a total of four and five different pesticides were detected respectively. At Deep Creek the organochlorine derivatives, pp-DDE and pp-DDTwere above the ISQG-low suggesting a potential moderate impact to aquatic faunal assemblages. The other pesticides detected at both of these sites were below 2 μg/Kg, however no guidelines exist for any of the other pesticides detected. At Sawtells Creek three pesticides were detected. The organochlorine derivative pp-DDE was detected at a concentration of 0.73 μg/kg which was below the ISQG-low suggesting it is unlikely to be having a detrimental effect on aquatic fauna at this site. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin was detected at 5 μg/Kg and the herbicide diuron at 28 μg/kg. There are no ISQG values for these pesticides. The
other three sites (Western Contour estuary, Lang Lang River and Bass River estuary) had only
one pesticide detected, concentrations ranging between trace and 1 μg/kg, with the exception of boscalid in Western Contour estuary at 6 μg/kg (Table 7). No pesticides were detected at any of the six sites in Western Port or in sediments from Warringine Creek (LN9), Cardinia Creek (UN17, UN32), Bunyip River (UN29), Deep Creek (UN30, UN31), Merricks Creek (WS2) and Sawtells Inlet (UN8).

The most commonly detected pesticides were the organochlorine derivatives pp-DDE and pp-DDT (four and three sites respectively), followed by the triazine herbicide simazine and thefungicides azoxystrobin and boscalid (three sites each). The herbicide diruon was only detected at one site, however was the highest concentration detected across all detections, 28 μg/kg, thiswas followed by the fungicide boscalid at 22 μg/Kg and triazine herbicide prometryn at 15 μg/kg (Table 7). It should be noted that there are currently no ISQG guidelines for any of the pesticides other than the organochlorines detected in this study.

 

 

 

2015 June: DDT found in central queensland Dolphins

DDT and herbicides found in Central Queensland dolphins
June 24, 2015 (Brisbane Times)

Traces of the banned pesticide DDT and the man-made PCB chemicals have been found in dolphins in Gladstone Harbour, in the Whitsundays,Townsville and the Fitzroy River near Rockhampton, a long-time dolphin researcher said.

Daniele Cagnazzi, a post-doctoral researcher with Southern Cross University's Marine Ecology Research Centre, has published his findings on contaminants found in dolphins.

Dr Cagnazzi said his findings suggest the chemicals were washed from fertilised fields and have been slowly absorbed by dolphins at the other end of the food chain.

"During the floods, all the sediment gets washed from the grazing land and the agricultural land and ends up in the coastal waters," he said.

"And it is likely to still have some herbicides and pesticides inside and they become available for other animals to absorb further up the food chain."

"This is a widespread issue that needs to be further investigated," he said.

His findings are part of one of Australia's longest-running dolphin research projects, the Capricorn Cetaceans Project (CCP).

The project has been looking at the long-term conservation and management of inshore dolphins – the humpback and snubfin dolphins - from Central Queensland in Central Queensland since 2006.

Dr Cagnazzi – speaking while collecting further biopsies from dolphins in Gladstone Harbour on Wednesday – said biopsies on 240 dolphins had provided the data.

"We've found high levels of PCB's for example and we still found – at lower levels – we found some DDT," Dr Cagnazzi said.

"For PCBs some animals were at very high levels, potentially dangerous for their health," he said.

Dr Cagnazzi said DDT levels in the dolphins varied widely.

"For DDT, it was mostly at low levels - not dangerous for the animals - but some animals were at high levels," he said.

PCBs, or poly-chlorintaed bi-phenyls, are man-made chemicals that comes from lubrication fluids and insulation. Sale of PCBs was "severely restricted" in the 1970s.

DDT is a synthetic pesticide that was banned from sale in 1987.

Biopsies were taken from 155 humpback and 85 snubfin dolphins from Central Queensland, Moreton Bay, Great Sandy Strait, Whitsundays, the Fitzroy River near Rockhampton and Townsville.

In 2006 DDT was also been found in crabs in the Burnett River catchment near Bundaberg and Bargara.

Dr Cagnazzi said researchers also found high levels of hydrocarbons in dolphin biopsies.

The researchers have also found evidence of viruses washed downstream impacting the dolphins after the 2011 floods.

Viruses – including taxoplasmosis - are washed down from the upper river into the bays after floodwaters drain from the fields, Dr Cagnozzi said.

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease and begins with mild flu-like symptoms.

"Sometimes the viruses just weaken the dolphins enough to make the dolphin unable to feed," he said.

The project is investigating the reasons behind a drop – and subsequent slow recovery - in the populations of the two species; the humpback and snubfin dolphins.

Dr Cagnazzi said there were around 150 humpback and 150 snubfin dolphins before the 2011 floods around Central Queensland.

Their populations dropped to around 100 after the 2011 floods and have now increased to around 120.

Humpback and snubfin dolphins have a small gene pool, meaning they rely on their own populations for breeding, Dr Cagnazzi said.

He said this made these Central Queensland populations ever more vulnerable.

The research is partly funded by the Gladstone Ports Corporation and Southern Cross University.

https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/ddt-and-herbicides-found-in-central-queensland-dolphins-20150624-ghwgp6.html

DDT and herbicides found in Central Queensland dolphins
June 24, 2015 (Brisbane Times)

Traces of the banned pesticide DDT and the man-made PCB chemicals have been found in dolphins in Gladstone Harbour, in the Whitsundays,Townsville and the Fitzroy River near Rockhampton, a long-time dolphin researcher said.

Daniele Cagnazzi, a post-doctoral researcher with Southern Cross University’s Marine Ecology Research Centre, has published his findings on contaminants found in dolphins.

Dr Cagnazzi said his findings suggest the chemicals were washed from fertilised fields and have been slowly absorbed by dolphins at the other end of the food chain.

“During the floods, all the sediment gets washed from the grazing land and the agricultural land and ends up in the coastal waters,” he said.

“And it is likely to still have some herbicides and pesticides inside and they become available for other animals to absorb further up the food chain.”

“This is a widespread issue that needs to be further investigated,” he said.

His findings are part of one of Australia’s longest-running dolphin research projects, the Capricorn Cetaceans Project (CCP).

The project has been looking at the long-term conservation and management of inshore dolphins – the humpback and snubfin dolphins – from Central Queensland in Central Queensland since 2006.

Dr Cagnazzi – speaking while collecting further biopsies from dolphins in Gladstone Harbour on Wednesday – said biopsies on 240 dolphins had provided the data.

“We’ve found high levels of PCB’s for example and we still found – at lower levels – we found some DDT,” Dr Cagnazzi said.

“For PCBs some animals were at very high levels, potentially dangerous for their health,” he said.

Dr Cagnazzi said DDT levels in the dolphins varied widely.

“For DDT, it was mostly at low levels – not dangerous for the animals – but some animals were at high levels,” he said.

PCBs, or poly-chlorintaed bi-phenyls, are man-made chemicals that comes from lubrication fluids and insulation. Sale of PCBs was “severely restricted” in the 1970s.

DDT is a synthetic pesticide that was banned from sale in 1987.

Biopsies were taken from 155 humpback and 85 snubfin dolphins from Central Queensland, Moreton Bay, Great Sandy Strait, Whitsundays, the Fitzroy River near Rockhampton and Townsville.

In 2006 DDT was also been found in crabs in the Burnett River catchment near Bundaberg and Bargara.

Dr Cagnazzi said researchers also found high levels of hydrocarbons in dolphin biopsies.

The researchers have also found evidence of viruses washed downstream impacting the dolphins after the 2011 floods.

Viruses – including taxoplasmosis – are washed down from the upper river into the bays after floodwaters drain from the fields, Dr Cagnozzi said.

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease and begins with mild flu-like symptoms.

“Sometimes the viruses just weaken the dolphins enough to make the dolphin unable to feed,” he said.

The project is investigating the reasons behind a drop – and subsequent slow recovery – in the populations of the two species; the humpback and snubfin dolphins.

Dr Cagnazzi said there were around 150 humpback and 150 snubfin dolphins before the 2011 floods around Central Queensland.

Their populations dropped to around 100 after the 2011 floods and have now increased to around 120.

Humpback and snubfin dolphins have a small gene pool, meaning they rely on their own populations for breeding, Dr Cagnazzi said.

He said this made these Central Queensland populations ever more vulnerable.

The research is partly funded by the Gladstone Ports Corporation and Southern Cross University.

https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/ddt-and-herbicides-found-in-central-queensland-dolphins-20150624-ghwgp6.html

2013-2022: Bolivar Waste Water Treatment Plant (SA). Pesticides: 2,4-D, MCPA, Triclopyr, Simazine, Fenitrothion

Bolivar Waste Water Treatment Plant Recycled Water Monitoring Data

WWTP Outlet No.1 Weir Effluent Upstream

5/7/13: 2,4-D 0.54ug/L, MCPA, 0.17ug/L, Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

9/10/13: 2,4-D 0.23ug/L, MCPA 0.16ug/L

13/1/14: 2,4-D 0.22ug/L, MCPA 0.21ug/L

19/3/14: MCPA 0.14ug/L

19/4/14: 2,4-D 0.07ug/L, MCPA 0.11ug/L

23/10/17: MCPA 0.37ug/L

30/10/18: 2,4-D 0.08ug/L

30/10/18: MCPA 0.21ug/L

30/10/18: MCPA 0.33ug/L (High salinity Plant)

31/10/19: 2,4-D 0.22ug/L, MCPA 0.23ug/L, Triclopyr 0.4ug/L

31/10/20: 2,4-D 0.06ug/L, MCPA 0.26ug/L

26/10/21: 2,4-D 0.13ug/L, MCPA 0.27ug/L, Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

Bolivar DAFF Filtered Water after Chlorine Composite

1/8/13: 2,4-D 0.69ug/L, MCPA 0.16ug/L

24/10/13: 2,4-D 0.1ug/L, MCPA 0.17ug/L

14/11/13: 2,4-D 0.07ug/L, MCPA 0.13ug/L

16/1/14: 2,4-D 0.21ug/L, MCPA 0.14ug/L

10/4/14: 2,4-D 0.07ug/L, MCPA 0.12ug/L

26/10/17: MCPA 0.2ug/L

1/11/18: 2,4-D 0.07ug/L, MCPA 0.13ug/L

24/1/19: 2,4-D 0.06ug/L, MCPA 0.07ug/L

17/4/19: 2,4-D 0.52ug/L, MCPA 0.16ug/L

8/7/19: 2,4-D 0.14ug/L, MCPA 0.1ug/L

28/10/19: 2,4-D 0.2ug/L, MCPA 0.12ug/L, Triclopyr 0.4ug/L

13/4/20: 2,4-D 4.65ug/L, MCPA 0.14ug/L

5/5/20: 2,4-D 0.3ug/L, MCPA 0.13ug/L

26/10/20: 2,4-D 0.07ug/L, MCPA 0.16ug/L

18/1/21: MCPA 0.1ug/L

12/4/21: MCPA 0.12ug/L, Simazine 0.8ug/L

Bolivar WWTP Lagoon Influent

19/9/19: 2,4-D 0.12ug/L, MCPA 0.39ug/L

15/8/21: 2,4-D 0.11ug/L, MCPA 0.16ug/L

25/4/22: 2,4,-D 0.05ug/L, MCPA 0.36ug/L

30/5/22: 2,4-D 0.18ug/L, MCPA 0.14ug/L, Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

17/7/22: MCPA 0.23ug/L

21/9/22: Fenitrothion 0.05ug/L

Bolivar Waste Water Treatment Plant

17/7/22: Bolivar WWTP MCPA 0.23ug/L

21/9/22: Bolivar WWTP Fenitrothion 0.5ug/L

Bolivar Waste Water Treatment Plant Recycled Water Monitoring Data

WWTP Outlet No.1 Weir Effluent Upstream

5/7/13: 2,4-D 0.54ug/L, MCPA, 0.17ug/L, Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

9/10/13: 2,4-D 0.23ug/L, MCPA 0.16ug/L

13/1/14: 2,4-D 0.22ug/L, MCPA 0.21ug/L

19/3/14: MCPA 0.14ug/L

19/4/14: 2,4-D 0.07ug/L, MCPA 0.11ug/L

23/10/17: MCPA 0.37ug/L

30/10/18: 2,4-D 0.08ug/L

30/10/18: MCPA 0.21ug/L

30/10/18: MCPA 0.33ug/L (High salinity Plant)

31/10/19: 2,4-D 0.22ug/L, MCPA 0.23ug/L, Triclopyr 0.4ug/L

31/10/20: 2,4-D 0.06ug/L, MCPA 0.26ug/L

26/10/21: 2,4-D 0.13ug/L, MCPA 0.27ug/L, Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

Bolivar DAFF Filtered Water after Chlorine Composite

1/8/13: 2,4-D 0.69ug/L, MCPA 0.16ug/L

24/10/13: 2,4-D 0.1ug/L, MCPA 0.17ug/L

14/11/13: 2,4-D 0.07ug/L, MCPA 0.13ug/L

16/1/14: 2,4-D 0.21ug/L, MCPA 0.14ug/L

10/4/14: 2,4-D 0.07ug/L, MCPA 0.12ug/L

26/10/17: MCPA 0.2ug/L

1/11/18: 2,4-D 0.07ug/L, MCPA 0.13ug/L

24/1/19: 2,4-D 0.06ug/L, MCPA 0.07ug/L

17/4/19: 2,4-D 0.52ug/L, MCPA 0.16ug/L

8/7/19: 2,4-D 0.14ug/L, MCPA 0.1ug/L

28/10/19: 2,4-D 0.2ug/L, MCPA 0.12ug/L, Triclopyr 0.4ug/L

13/4/20: 2,4-D 4.65ug/L, MCPA 0.14ug/L

5/5/20: 2,4-D 0.3ug/L, MCPA 0.13ug/L

26/10/20: 2,4-D 0.07ug/L, MCPA 0.16ug/L

18/1/21: MCPA 0.1ug/L

12/4/21: MCPA 0.12ug/L, Simazine 0.8ug/L

Bolivar WWTP Lagoon Influent

19/9/19: 2,4-D 0.12ug/L, MCPA 0.39ug/L

15/8/21: 2,4-D 0.11ug/L, MCPA 0.16ug/L

25/4/22: 2,4,-D 0.05ug/L, MCPA 0.36ug/L

30/5/22: 2,4-D 0.18ug/L, MCPA 0.14ug/L, Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

17/7/22: MCPA 0.23ug/L

21/9/22: Fenitrothion 0.05ug/L

Bolivar Waste Water Treatment Plant

17/7/22: Bolivar WWTP MCPA 0.23ug/L

21/9/22: Bolivar WWTP Fenitrothion 0.5ug/L

2006: Burnett River (Qld). Mud Crabs. Pesticides: DDT, Dieldrin

Water Quality Issues in the Barron WQIP Area ACTFR Report No. 08/06

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research

p81 Bioaccumulation sampling
While passive sampling detect contemporary pesticides, chiefly herbicides, mud crabs have provided better evidence of residual organochlorine (OC) contaminants such as the insecticides DDT and dieldrin (Negri et al., 2006). In a survey of the rivers draining to the GBR, Negri et al. found the greatest incidence and concentrations of these OCs detected in crabs came from the most populated catchments, i.e. the Barron, Pioneer, Fitzroy and
Burnett Rivers. Hence, the presence of DDT and dieldrin, albeit at low concentrations, was clearly correlated to urban influences. Due to their higher polarity and comparatively short half-lives, contemporary pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and diuron were not detected in individual crabs.

Water Quality Issues in the Barron WQIP Area ACTFR Report No. 08/06

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research

p81 Bioaccumulation sampling
While passive sampling detect contemporary pesticides, chiefly herbicides, mud crabs have
provided better evidence of residual organochlorine (OC) contaminants such as the
insecticides DDT and dieldrin (Negri et al., 2006). In a survey of the rivers draining to the
GBR, Negri et al. found the greatest incidence and concentrations of these OCs detected in
crabs came from the most populated catchments, i.e. the Barron, Pioneer, Fitzroy and
Burnett Rivers. Hence, the presence of DDT and dieldrin, albeit at low concentrations, was
clearly correlated to urban influences. Due to their higher polarity and comparatively short
half-lives, contemporary pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and diuron were not detected in
individual crabs.

2006: Fitzroy River (Qld). Mud Crabs. Pesticides: DDT, Dieldrin

Water Quality Issues in the Barron WQIP Area ACTFR Report No. 08/06

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research

p81 Bioaccumulation sampling
While passive sampling detect contemporary pesticides, chiefly herbicides, mud crabs have provided better evidence of residual organochlorine (OC) contaminants such as the insecticides DDT and dieldrin (Negri et al., 2006). In a survey of the rivers draining to the GBR, Negri et al. found the greatest incidence and concentrations of these OCs detected in crabs came from the most populated catchments, i.e. the Barron, Pioneer, Fitzroy and
Burnett Rivers. Hence, the presence of DDT and dieldrin, albeit at low concentrations, was clearly correlated to urban influences. Due to their higher polarity and comparatively short half-lives, contemporary pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and diuron were not detected in individual crabs.

Water Quality Issues in the Barron WQIP Area ACTFR Report No. 08/06

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research

p81 Bioaccumulation sampling
While passive sampling detect contemporary pesticides, chiefly herbicides, mud crabs have
provided better evidence of residual organochlorine (OC) contaminants such as the
insecticides DDT and dieldrin (Negri et al., 2006). In a survey of the rivers draining to the
GBR, Negri et al. found the greatest incidence and concentrations of these OCs detected in
crabs came from the most populated catchments, i.e. the Barron, Pioneer, Fitzroy and
Burnett Rivers. Hence, the presence of DDT and dieldrin, albeit at low concentrations, was
clearly correlated to urban influences. Due to their higher polarity and comparatively short
half-lives, contemporary pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and diuron were not detected in
individual crabs.

2006: Pioneer River (Qld). Mud Crabs. Pesticides: DDT, Dieldrin

Water Quality Issues in the Barron WQIP Area ACTFR Report No. 08/06

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research

p81 Bioaccumulation sampling
While passive sampling detect contemporary pesticides, chiefly herbicides, mud crabs have provided better evidence of residual organochlorine (OC) contaminants such as the insecticides DDT and dieldrin (Negri et al., 2006). In a survey of the rivers draining to the GBR, Negri et al. found the greatest incidence and concentrations of these OCs detected in crabs came from the most populated catchments, i.e. the Barron, Pioneer, Fitzroy and
Burnett Rivers. Hence, the presence of DDT and dieldrin, albeit at low concentrations, was clearly correlated to urban influences. Due to their higher polarity and comparatively short half-lives, contemporary pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and diuron were not detected in
individual crabs.

Water Quality Issues in the Barron WQIP Area ACTFR Report No. 08/06

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research

p81 Bioaccumulation sampling
While passive sampling detect contemporary pesticides, chiefly herbicides, mud crabs have
provided better evidence of residual organochlorine (OC) contaminants such as the
insecticides DDT and dieldrin (Negri et al., 2006). In a survey of the rivers draining to the
GBR, Negri et al. found the greatest incidence and concentrations of these OCs detected in
crabs came from the most populated catchments, i.e. the Barron, Pioneer, Fitzroy and
Burnett Rivers. Hence, the presence of DDT and dieldrin, albeit at low concentrations, was
clearly correlated to urban influences. Due to their higher polarity and comparatively short
half-lives, contemporary pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and diuron were not detected in
individual crabs.

2006: Barron River (Qld) Mud Crabs: Pesticides DDT, Dieldrin

Water Quality Issues in the Barron WQIP Area ACTFR Report No. 08/06

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research

p81 Bioaccumulation sampling
While passive sampling detect contemporary pesticides, chiefly herbicides, mud crabs haveprovided better evidence of residual organochlorine (OC) contaminants such as theinsecticides DDT and dieldrin (Negri et al., 2006). In a survey of the rivers draining to theGBR, Negri et al. found the greatest incidence and concentrations of these OCs detected in crabs came from the most populated catchments, i.e. the Barron, Pioneer, Fitzroy and
Burnett Rivers. Hence, the presence of DDT and dieldrin, albeit at low concentrations, was clearly correlated to urban influences. Due to their higher polarity and comparatively short half-lives, contemporary pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and diuron were not detected in individual crabs.

Water Quality Issues in the Barron WQIP Area ACTFR Report No. 08/06

Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research

p81 Bioaccumulation sampling
While passive sampling detect contemporary pesticides, chiefly herbicides, mud crabs have
provided better evidence of residual organochlorine (OC) contaminants such as the
insecticides DDT and dieldrin (Negri et al., 2006). In a survey of the rivers draining to the
GBR, Negri et al. found the greatest incidence and concentrations of these OCs detected in
crabs came from the most populated catchments, i.e. the Barron, Pioneer, Fitzroy and
Burnett Rivers. Hence, the presence of DDT and dieldrin, albeit at low concentrations, was
clearly correlated to urban influences. Due to their higher polarity and comparatively short
half-lives, contemporary pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and diuron were not detected in
individual crabs.

2014 – 2018: Bridport (Tas) Drinking Water. Pesticide: MCPA, 2,4-D, Simazine, Hexazinone

Bridport (Tasmania).

13/5/14: MCPA 0.8ug/L

23/2/16: (Brid River Weir)** MCPA 0.02ug/L

23/2/16: (Brid River Weir)** Simazine 0.02ug/L

8/3/16: (Brid River Weir)** MCPA 0.02ug/L

8/3/16: (Brid River Weir)** Simazine 0.03ug/L

22/3/16 (Bridport Visitor Centre)** MCPA 0.15ug/L (supply)

12/4/16 (Bridport Visitor Centre)** MCPA 0.03ug/L (supply)

31/5/16 (Bridport Visitor Centre)** 2,4-D 0.17ug/L (supply)

31/5/16 (Bridport Visitor Centre)** MCPA 0.14ug/L (supply)

10/8/16: 2,4-D 0.04ug/L (Brid River Weir)*

30/8/16: MCPA 0.11ug/L (Brid River Weir)*

3/8/18: (Brid River Weir)** Hexazinone 1ug/L

Tas Water Annual Drinking Water Quality Report 2013-14

*TasWater Pesticide Data by system v4

**Right to Information Application

Bridport (Tasmania).

13/5/14: MCPA 0.8ug/L

23/2/16: (Brid River Weir)** MCPA 0.02ug/L

23/2/16: (Brid River Weir)** Simazine 0.02ug/L

8/3/16: (Brid River Weir)** MCPA 0.02ug/L

8/3/16: (Brid River Weir)** Simazine 0.03ug/L

22/3/16 (Bridport Visitor Centre)** MCPA 0.15ug/L (supply)

12/4/16 (Bridport Visitor Centre)** MCPA 0.03ug/L (supply)

31/5/16 (Bridport Visitor Centre)** 2,4-D 0.17ug/L (supply)

31/5/16 (Bridport Visitor Centre)** MCPA 0.14ug/L (supply)

10/8/16: 2,4-D 0.04ug/L (Brid River Weir)*

30/8/16: MCPA 0.11ug/L (Brid River Weir)*

3/8/18: (Brid River Weir)** Hexazinone 1ug/L

Tas Water Annual Drinking Water Quality Report 2013-14

*TasWater Pesticide Data by system v4

**Right to Information Application

2013 September – 2015 January: Deloraine (Tas) Drinking Water. Pesticides: Picloram, Triclopyr, 2,4-D

Tas Water Annual Drinking Water Quality Report 2013-14

Deloraine.

7/12/13: Western Creek u/s Deloraine - Picloram 1.07ug/L, Triclopyr 2.07ug/L

17/6/14: 2,4-D 0.25ug/L

www.taswater.com.au/About-Us/Publications

Tas Water RTI Request August 2015

26/9/13: 2,4-D 0.05ug/L

17/6/14: 2,4-D 0.25ug/L

25/6/14: 2,4-D 0.07ug/L

TasWater Annual Drinking Water Quality Report 2014-15

8/6/14: 2,4-D 0.13ug/L

24/8/14: 2,4-D 0.13ug/L

21/1/15: MCPA 0.02ug/L

Retests were clear of pesticide residues and PAC dosing has been installed to mitigate the risk to public health

Tas Water Annual Drinking Water Quality Report 2013-14

Deloraine.

7/12/13: Western Creek u/s Deloraine – Picloram 1.07ug/L, Triclopyr 2.07ug/L

17/6/14: 2,4-D 0.25ug/L

www.taswater.com.au/About-Us/Publications

Tas Water RTI Request August 2015

26/9/13: 2,4-D 0.05ug/L

17/6/14: 2,4-D 0.25ug/L

25/6/14: 2,4-D 0.07ug/L

TasWater Annual Drinking Water Quality Report 2014-15

8/6/14: 2,4-D 0.13ug/L

24/8/14: 2,4-D 0.13ug/L

21/1/15: MCPA 0.02ug/L

Retests were clear of pesticide residues and PAC dosing has been installed to mitigate the risk to public health

2013 – 2016: Bothwell (Tas). Drinking Water. Pesticides: MCPA, Triclopyr, 2,4-D, Glyphosate, Metalaxyl

Bothwell Michael Street, sample tap

6/7/15: Bothwell (Michael Street) MCPA 0.02ug/L

20/7/15: Bothwell (Michael Street) MCPA 0.03ug/L

23/5/16: Bothwell (Michael Street) MCPA 0.02ug/L

6/6/16: Bothwell (Michael Street) MCPA 0.13ug/L

Annual Drinking Water Quality Report - Appendix C Supporting Data Part A (Systems A-L)

Tas Water Annual Drinking Water Quality Report 2013-14

Bothwell.

25/7/13: MCPA 0.1ug/L

12/9/13: MCPA 0.2ug/L, Triclopyr 0.37ug/L

29/9/13: 2,4-D 0.05ug/L

www.taswater.com.au/About-Us/Publications

Tas Water Right to Information Request August 2015

24/7/13: 2,4-D 0.12ug/L

24/7/13: 2,4-D 0.09ug/L

30/7/13: 2,4-D 0.06ug/L

30/7/13: 2,4-D 0.09ug/L

Taswater  2014/15 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report Pesticide Detections (Boste 98)

25/7/14: 2,4-D 3.02ug/L, MCPA 0.1ug/L

30/7/14: 2,4-D 1.29ug/L

4/8/14: 2,4-D 0.69ug/L

11/8/14: 2,4-D 0.17ug/L

18/12/14: 2,4-D 11.2ug/L

2/2/15: 2,4-D 0.07ug/L

13/2/15: Metalaxyl 0.11ug/L

24/2/15: MCPA 0.03ug/L

2/3/15: MCPA 0.15ug/L, Glyphosate 0.2ug/L

11/5/15: 2,4-D 0.19ug/L, MCPA 0.19ug/L

19/5/15: MCPA 0.34ug/L

25/5/15: 2,4-D 0.22ug/L, MCPA 0.46ug/L

28/5/15: 2,4-D 0.44ug/L, Glyphosate 0.5ug/L

29/5/15: 2,4-D 0.13ug/L, MCPA 0.3ug/L

9/6/15: MCPA 0.04ug/L

22/6/15: MCPA 0.1ug/L

Metalaxyl (0.11ug/L) was detected during routine testing. Metalaxyl is a phenylamide fungicide which is commonly used in the protection of poppies.

Pesticide detections in the Clyde River have progressively become more frequent over the past five years. Trace levels of several weed control and fungicidal compounds were again detected in the source water and distribution system throughout 2014-15...Trace levels of the herbicides 2,4-D and MCPA were detected in the reticulation system (BOSTE98) on several occasions. All detections were well below ADWG health limits but are of notable concern....Powdered Activated Carbon dosing is in place as an advanced treatment barrier to mitigate the risk...

3/10/16: Bothwell (Tasmania) MCPA 0.03ug/L

TasWater Raw Pesticide Data by system v4

 

to mitigate the risk...

Bothwell Michael Street, sample tap

6/7/15: Bothwell (Michael Street) MCPA 0.02ug/L

20/7/15: Bothwell (Michael Street) MCPA 0.03ug/L

23/5/16: Bothwell (Michael Street) MCPA 0.02ug/L

6/6/16: Bothwell (Michael Street) MCPA 0.13ug/L

Annual Drinking Water Quality Report – Appendix C Supporting Data Part A (Systems A-L)

Tas Water Annual Drinking Water Quality Report 2013-14

Bothwell.

25/7/13: MCPA 0.1ug/L

12/9/13: MCPA 0.2ug/L, Triclopyr 0.37ug/L

29/9/13: 2,4-D 0.05ug/L

www.taswater.com.au/About-Us/Publications

Tas Water Right to Information Request August 2015

24/7/13: 2,4-D 0.12ug/L

24/7/13: 2,4-D 0.09ug/L

30/7/13: 2,4-D 0.06ug/L

30/7/13: 2,4-D 0.09ug/L

Taswater  2014/15 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report Pesticide Detections (Boste 98)

25/7/14: 2,4-D 3.02ug/L, MCPA 0.1ug/L

30/7/14: 2,4-D 1.29ug/L

4/8/14: 2,4-D 0.69ug/L

11/8/14: 2,4-D 0.17ug/L

18/12/14: 2,4-D 11.2ug/L

2/2/15: 2,4-D 0.07ug/L

13/2/15: Metalaxyl 0.11ug/L

24/2/15: MCPA 0.03ug/L

2/3/15: MCPA 0.15ug/L, Glyphosate 0.2ug/L

11/5/15: 2,4-D 0.19ug/L, MCPA 0.19ug/L

19/5/15: MCPA 0.34ug/L

25/5/15: 2,4-D 0.22ug/L, MCPA 0.46ug/L

28/5/15: 2,4-D 0.44ug/L, Glyphosate 0.5ug/L

29/5/15: 2,4-D 0.13ug/L, MCPA 0.3ug/L

9/6/15: MCPA 0.04ug/L

22/6/15: MCPA 0.1ug/L

Metalaxyl (0.11ug/L) was detected during routine testing. Metalaxyl is a phenylamide fungicide which is commonly used in the protection of poppies.

Pesticide detections in the Clyde River have progressively become more frequent over the past five years. Trace levels of several weed control and fungicidal compounds were again detected in the source water and distribution system throughout 2014-15…Trace levels of the herbicides 2,4-D and MCPA were detected in the reticulation system (BOSTE98) on several occasions. All detections were well below ADWG health limits but are of notable concern….Powdered Activated Carbon dosing is in place as an advanced treatment barrier to mitigate the risk…

3/10/16: Bothwell (Tasmania) MCPA 0.03ug/L

TasWater Raw Pesticide Data by system v4

 

2015 April. Fire at Northampton Hardware Store (WA)

Toxic threat from Northampton blaze sparks warning from authorities

 21 Apr 2015 ABC

Authorities are urging people to avoid part of the small Western Australian town of Northampton in the coming days amid contamination fears following a toxic fire on the weekend.

The fire, which started at a hardware store in the Mid West town on Sunday, was finally extinguished on Monday afternoon.

Oil, fuel, paint and chemicals were burnt in the fire, which emitted thick plumes of toxic smoke, blanketing parts of the town.

Run-off from water used to douse the flames leached into a nearby creek, which has been sandbagged to slow its flow.

Shire of Northampton chief executive Garry Keeffe said the area surrounding the fire site was extremely toxic.

"That material is highly contaminated with an abundance of mixed chemicals [and] we are urging all public to remain clear of that area," he said.

"Stephen Street will remain closed for at least the next two days to prevent the public from driving or even walking down that area and we ask the public to please be vigilant about this because the toxicity is extreme.

"This is an extreme request of travelling public and the community to stay away from this area for their own safety."

Mr Keeffe said there had been a delay with clearing contamination from the nearby creek bed but a team specialised in contamination removal had arrived on site on Tuesday.

The company, Toxfree, which is tasked with removing the contamination, is expected to pump the chemical out of the creek.

The Shire of Northampton has closed Lions Park and Northampton Caravan Park, which are both adjacent to the fire site.

Some guests of the caravan park remain at the local evacuation centre.

Mr Keeffe said the town's primary school, Saint Mary's, would also remain shut today.

"Because we are unable to provide a secure notice that it's free for them to go back there, with the toxicity level so close, and all we need is a wind change to put it straight to the school," he said.

"We just can't take that risk."

The shire said residents concerned about the toxic smoke were asked to hose down their roofs, wipe exposed surfaces of any blackness and empty rainwater tanks, as a precaution.

The fire has also raised an asbestos concern as the hardware store, CT & L Woodcock, which was burnt down in the fire, was partly made of the substance.

However, the shire said the asbestos risk is low.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-21/toxic-threat-from-northampton-blaze/6409290

Toxic threat from Northampton blaze sparks warning from authorities

 21 Apr 2015 ABC

Authorities are urging people to avoid part of the small Western Australian town of Northampton in the coming days amid contamination fears following a toxic fire on the weekend.

The fire, which started at a hardware store in the Mid West town on Sunday, was finally extinguished on Monday afternoon.

Oil, fuel, paint and chemicals were burnt in the fire, which emitted thick plumes of toxic smoke, blanketing parts of the town.

Run-off from water used to douse the flames leached into a nearby creek, which has been sandbagged to slow its flow.

Shire of Northampton chief executive Garry Keeffe said the area surrounding the fire site was extremely toxic.

“That material is highly contaminated with an abundance of mixed chemicals [and] we are urging all public to remain clear of that area,” he said.

“Stephen Street will remain closed for at least the next two days to prevent the public from driving or even walking down that area and we ask the public to please be vigilant about this because the toxicity is extreme.

“This is an extreme request of travelling public and the community to stay away from this area for their own safety.”

Mr Keeffe said there had been a delay with clearing contamination from the nearby creek bed but a team specialised in contamination removal had arrived on site on Tuesday.

The company, Toxfree, which is tasked with removing the contamination, is expected to pump the chemical out of the creek.

The Shire of Northampton has closed Lions Park and Northampton Caravan Park, which are both adjacent to the fire site.

Some guests of the caravan park remain at the local evacuation centre.

Mr Keeffe said the town’s primary school, Saint Mary’s, would also remain shut today.

“Because we are unable to provide a secure notice that it’s free for them to go back there, with the toxicity level so close, and all we need is a wind change to put it straight to the school,” he said.

“We just can’t take that risk.”

The shire said residents concerned about the toxic smoke were asked to hose down their roofs, wipe exposed surfaces of any blackness and empty rainwater tanks, as a precaution.

The fire has also raised an asbestos concern as the hardware store, CT & L Woodcock, which was burnt down in the fire, was partly made of the substance.

However, the shire said the asbestos risk is low.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-21/toxic-threat-from-northampton-blaze/6409290

2006: Barron River (Qld) Simazine most frequently detected pesticide.

Water Quality Issues in the Barron WQIP Area ACTFR Report No. 08/06 Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research

 

p 81 The Barron River is unique among other north Queensland rivers however, in that theherbicide simazine is the dominant pesticide that is found at the mouth (Kepernick et al., 2006). Given that Simazine is commonly used in forestry applications, then perhaps forestry

should also be identified as a major source. While we do not know the specific application of this herbicide within the Barron, there are 7 sub-catchments with more than 20% forestry land use (Table 4), none of which also have cropping and horticulture as a major land use.

However, the use of simazine in the Barron is perhaps more likely associated with horticulture, with its use in the U.S. linked to the cultivation of almonds, avocados, grapes, oranges, olives, walnuts and lemons (Fan and Alexeeff, 2001). There are many fruit and nut trees and shrubs being grown in the Atherton Tableland, for which this herbicide would be

useful to control grasses and broadleaf weeds.

Water Quality Issues in the Barron WQIP Area ACTFR Report No. 08/06 Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research

p 81 The Barron River is unique among other north Queensland rivers however, in that the

herbicide simazine is the dominant pesticide that is found at the mouth (Kepernick et al., 2006). Given that Simazine is commonly used in forestry applications, then perhaps forestry

should also be identified as a major source. While we do not know the specific application of this herbicide within the Barron, there are 7 sub-catchments with more than 20% forestry

land use (Table 4), none of which also have cropping and horticulture as a major land use.

However, the use of simazine in the Barron is perhaps more likely associated with

horticulture, with its use in the U.S. linked to the cultivation of almonds, avocados, grapes,

oranges, olives, walnuts and lemons (Fan and Alexeeff, 2001). There are many fruit and nut

trees and shrubs being grown in the Atherton Tableland, for which this herbicide would be

useful to control grasses and broadleaf weeds.

2015 June: Suffolk Park (NSW) Widow claims pesticides caused husbands death. Pesticides: Glyphosate, Metsulfuron Methyl

Widow's warning: my husband died after pesticide spraying
9th Jun 2015 Northern Star

THE wife of a Suffolk Park man who died of non-Hodgkins Lymphoma has warned other residents against the use of chemical pesticides.

Mrs Virginia Black contacted The Northern Star in the wake of our story on a World Health Organisation study on the impacts of glyphosate, which is commonly sprayed to combat weeds in this country.

She said her husband, James, died in 2012, two years after being covered with chemical spray.

"He went out to talk to a council worker spraying bitou bush on the sand dunes at the rear of residences in Alcorn Street," she said.

A strong easterly wind resulted in Mr Black, who was wearing a T-shirt and shorts, being doused with pesticide.

The retired solicitor later wrote to Byron Shire Council about the incident, asking what he had been sprayed with and what effect contact and inhalation would have now and in the future.

Mrs Black said her husband later found out by ringing a worker at the council depot that he had been sprayed with a mixture of glyphosate and metsulphuron methyl.

However, Byron Shire Council said Mr Black was only sprayed with metsulphuron methyl, "which is not scheduled on the Poisons Schedule" and that a report from the Department of Environment and Climate Change (DECC) Pesticide Licensing officer confirmed this.

Mrs Black said being sprayed with any chemical used to kill plants or weeds was something she urged people to avoid.

"When my husband became ill I spoke to a specialist at John Flynn Hospital and he said it only takes one cell in the body to be affected by a poison," she said.

"I know that there are plenty of people with non-Hodgkins lymphoma who have not been sprayed (with pesticides), but I think there was a great connection.

"Exposure to industrial and agricultural pesticides and herbicides has frequently been linked to an increased risk of lymphoma."

The council said spraying was carried out by a contractor working on Crown land in 2009.

It said, following the Blacks' complaint, the council had referred the matter to the then DECC Pesticide Licensing officer for their review.

"Information provided by the contractor on the Pesticide Notification Plan indicated that the chemical in use on the day of treatment was metsulphuron methyl," the council said.

"The concerned resident was also informed in 2009 of the referral and type of spray."

Mrs Black said she had not pursued the matter further because her own health had suffered after the death of her husband.

Professor Robert Whetherby, an adjunct professor in pharmacology and toxicology at South Cross University, said pesticides were dangerous.

"Given it is a pesticide, its purpose is to kill life," he said.

He urged people to take care using chemical products.

https://www.northernstar.com.au/news/widow-warns-not-to-get-sprayed/2664943/

Widow’s warning: my husband died after pesticide spraying
9th Jun 2015 Northern Star

THE wife of a Suffolk Park man who died of non-Hodgkins Lymphoma has warned other residents against the use of chemical pesticides.

Mrs Virginia Black contacted The Northern Star in the wake of our story on a World Health Organisation study on the impacts of glyphosate, which is commonly sprayed to combat weeds in this country.

She said her husband, James, died in 2012, two years after being covered with chemical spray.

“He went out to talk to a council worker spraying bitou bush on the sand dunes at the rear of residences in Alcorn Street,” she said.

A strong easterly wind resulted in Mr Black, who was wearing a T-shirt and shorts, being doused with pesticide.

The retired solicitor later wrote to Byron Shire Council about the incident, asking what he had been sprayed with and what effect contact and inhalation would have now and in the future.

Mrs Black said her husband later found out by ringing a worker at the council depot that he had been sprayed with a mixture of glyphosate and metsulphuron methyl.

However, Byron Shire Council said Mr Black was only sprayed with metsulphuron methyl, “which is not scheduled on the Poisons Schedule” and that a report from the Department of Environment and Climate Change (DECC) Pesticide Licensing officer confirmed this.

Mrs Black said being sprayed with any chemical used to kill plants or weeds was something she urged people to avoid.

“When my husband became ill I spoke to a specialist at John Flynn Hospital and he said it only takes one cell in the body to be affected by a poison,” she said.

“I know that there are plenty of people with non-Hodgkins lymphoma who have not been sprayed (with pesticides), but I think there was a great connection.

“Exposure to industrial and agricultural pesticides and herbicides has frequently been linked to an increased risk of lymphoma.”

The council said spraying was carried out by a contractor working on Crown land in 2009.

It said, following the Blacks’ complaint, the council had referred the matter to the then DECC Pesticide Licensing officer for their review.

“Information provided by the contractor on the Pesticide Notification Plan indicated that the chemical in use on the day of treatment was metsulphuron methyl,” the council said.

“The concerned resident was also informed in 2009 of the referral and type of spray.”

Mrs Black said she had not pursued the matter further because her own health had suffered after the death of her husband.

Professor Robert Whetherby, an adjunct professor in pharmacology and toxicology at South Cross University, said pesticides were dangerous.

“Given it is a pesticide, its purpose is to kill life,” he said.

He urged people to take care using chemical products.

https://www.northernstar.com.au/news/widow-warns-not-to-get-sprayed/2664943/

 

 

 

 

1988 January: Highton (Vic) SEC spraying damages garden. Pesticide: Hexazinone/Diuron

3 January 1988

Manager Barwon Region

Herbicide Damage 27/29 Montague Street, Highton

Attached is a copy of our reply to the Montague Terrace Body Corporate regarding the damage caused to the garden vegetation through the leaking effect of Dybar herbicide applied to a kiosk substation enclosure on the property. As only time will tell the actual extent of vegetation replacement necessary to restore the property, it is not possible to nominate date by which the matter will be completely resolved...

3 January 1988

Manager Barwon Region

Herbicide Damage 27/29 Montague Street, Highton

Attached is a copy of our reply to the Montague Terrace Body Corporate regarding the damage caused to the garden vegetation through the leaking effect of Dybar herbicide applied to a kiosk substation enclosure on the property. As only time will tell the actual extent of vegetation replacement necessary to restore the property, it is not possible to nominate date by which the matter will be completely resolved…

1978: Sale (Vic) Birth deformites after oval was sprayed. Pesticide: 2,4-D

11/10/78

The Age

Birth row brings herbicides ban

Sale - Sale city council last night banned council use of all herbicides containing 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T.

The council's action - supported unanimously by its eight members - is the first such ban by any council in Victoria.

The decision followed a new disclosure that three Sale woman living near a sports oval had miscarried after the oval was sprayed with 2,4-D.

This brought to seven the number of miscarriages or abnormal births reported among mothers living near the oval.

Last week it was revealed in "The Age" that four mothers gave birth to children with major abnormalities after the oval, in Lion's Park, was sprayed with 2,4-D in January 1977.

Three of the children died at birth. A fifth mother had a miscarriage three months after the spraying.

Councillor Lindsay Taylor told the council last night he had heard only recently of the three additional miscarriages.

The motion passed last night said the use of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T would be discontinued until the State Health Department "can prove beyond doubt that the herbicides have no link with congentital abnormalities".

Sale council called on all other municipalities in Victoria, and the State and Fderal Governments, to consider similar action.

The mayor of Sale, Mr Peter Synan, said: "We are erring on the side of caution and that's the side we should be erring on."

The council also asked that the Department of Agriculture and an independent authority analyse the soil and broad-leaf weeds at Lions'Park and the Sale oval.

This was to find whether any substances were present which could prove harmful to people.

The council said it would ask the Health Department to investigate the incidence of birth defects in Sale, particularly in the Lion's Park area.

It agreed to arrange a public meeting attended by Government and private doctors and scientists to discuss birth defects and their possible relationship to 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T.

And it will ask the chairman of the Yarram birth defects inquiry and chairman of the State Government's Poisons Advisory Committee, Dr Ern Aldred, to attend.

11/10/78

The Age

Birth row brings herbicides ban

Sale – Sale city council last night banned council use of all herbicides containing 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T.

The council’s action – supported unanimously by its eight members – is the first such ban by any council in Victoria.

The decision followed a new disclosure that three Sale woman living near a sports oval had miscarried after the oval was sprayed with 2,4-D.

This brought to seven the number of miscarriages or abnormal births reported among mothers living near the oval.

Last week it was revealed in “The Age” that four mothers gave birth to children with major abnormalities after the oval, in Lion’s Park, was sprayed with 2,4-D in January 1977.

Three of the children died at birth. A fifth mother had a miscarriage three months after the spraying.

Councillor Lindsay Taylor told the council last night he had heard only recently of the three additional miscarriages.

The motion passed last night said the use of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T would be discontinued until the State Health Department “can prove beyond doubt that the herbicides have no link with congentital abnormalities”.

Sale council called on all other municipalities in Victoria, and the State and Fderal Governments, to consider similar action.

The mayor of Sale, Mr Peter Synan, said: “We are erring on the side of caution and that’s the side we should be erring on.”

The council also asked that the Department of Agriculture and an independent authority analyse the soil and broad-leaf weeds at Lions’Park and the Sale oval.

This was to find whether any substances were present which could prove harmful to people.

The council said it would ask the Health Department to investigate the incidence of birth defects in Sale, particularly in the Lion’s Park area.

It agreed to arrange a public meeting attended by Government and private doctors and scientists to discuss birth defects and their possible relationship to 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T.

And it will ask the chairman of the Yarram birth defects inquiry and chairman of the State Government’s Poisons Advisory Committee, Dr Ern Aldred, to attend.

1981 June: Cheshunt (Vic). Tobacco crop damage due to SEC spraying. Pesticide: Picloram

June 25 1981

Letter from Tobacco Growers of Victoria to Department of Agriculture.

Dear sir,

I refer to your letter, dated June 16, in which you sought information about contamination of tobacco crops with herbicide sprays during the past season.

In the King Valley the main problem was from a spraying programme carried out by the SEC or their contractors from the control of brush under local power lines.

Each year minor contamination occurs from hormones. Many are untraceable but some can be traced to careless spraying and contaminated equipment.

Minor damage was identified on the following farms ... Cheshunt, and several others not recored. Major damage occurred at *** farm at Cheshunt.

It was very easy to find sprayed areas through the valley and it was admitted by the SEC Manager Mr ***, in Wangaratta that Tordon (Picloram) or mixtures containing Tordon have been used in the area...

June 25 1981

Letter from Tobacco Growers of Victoria to Department of Agriculture.

Dear sir,

I refer to your letter, dated June 16, in which you sought information about contamination of tobacco crops with herbicide sprays during the past season.

In the King Valley the main problem was from a spraying programme carried out by the SEC or their contractors from the control of brush under local power lines.

Each year minor contamination occurs from hormones. Many are untraceable but some can be traced to careless spraying and contaminated equipment.

Minor damage was identified on the following farms … Cheshunt, and several others not recored. Major damage occurred at *** farm at Cheshunt.

It was very easy to find sprayed areas through the valley and it was admitted by the SEC Manager Mr ***, in Wangaratta that Tordon (Picloram) or mixtures containing Tordon have been used in the area…

2014 August: Bingara (NSW) Dead Birds. Pesticide: Fenthion

Birds 'deliberately' poisoned in Bingara

By Tim Lamacraft

1 Aug 2014

 

Tests are back from some of the dead native birds found around the Bingara Showground recently and results suggest the animals had been intentionally poisoned with insecticide.

Acting Northern Branch Director of the EPA Brett Nudd is appealing for community assistance, after it was determined the native birds appear to have eaten bread soaked in Fenthion.

The same poison was found to be the cause of death of hundreds of birds near Dubbo around March this year.

Mr Nudd says the department will re-visit the area on Tuesday.

"We're going to conduct a sweep of that entire area on Tuesday, and what we're trying to do through that sweep is to locate any contaminated bread and any more dead birds and make sure that we're cleaning up all that material," he said.

The dead birds included ravens and currawongs.

"Fenthion is the likely cause of death, [as] this insecticide has been found both in the birds and it's also been found in bread at the scene," Mr Nudd said.

"The fact that it's been found in bread at the scene suggests to us that there's people or persons deliberately seeking to poison the birds in that area."

The Bingara community is being encouraged to assist in Tuesday's sweep.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-08-01/birds-27deliberately27-poisoned-in-bingara/5642328

Birds ‘deliberately’ poisoned in Bingara

By Tim Lamacraft

1 Aug 2014

Tests are back from some of the dead native birds found around the Bingara Showground recently and results suggest the animals had been intentionally poisoned with insecticide.

Acting Northern Branch Director of the EPA Brett Nudd is appealing for community assistance, after it was determined the native birds appear to have eaten bread soaked in Fenthion.

The same poison was found to be the cause of death of hundreds of birds near Dubbo around March this year.

Mr Nudd says the department will re-visit the area on Tuesday.

“We’re going to conduct a sweep of that entire area on Tuesday, and what we’re trying to do through that sweep is to locate any contaminated bread and any more dead birds and make sure that we’re cleaning up all that material,” he said.

The dead birds included ravens and currawongs.

“Fenthion is the likely cause of death, [as] this insecticide has been found both in the birds and it’s also been found in bread at the scene,” Mr Nudd said.

“The fact that it’s been found in bread at the scene suggests to us that there’s people or persons deliberately seeking to poison the birds in that area.”

The Bingara community is being encouraged to assist in Tuesday’s sweep.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-08-01/birds-27deliberately27-poisoned-in-bingara/5642328

2011 June: Cleveland (Qld). Bird Kill. Pesticide: Fenthion

What is poisoning our birds?

 On JUL 28, 2011THE RSPCA Queensland is appealing for public help to find the person or people it suspects has poisoned at least 25 animals in Cleveland since June 16.

The majority of the affected animals have been crows or magpies but a black-faced cuckoo shrike and a native rat were also allegedly poisoned, with 22 of the 25 animals dying.

Animal welfare experts were alerted to the situation when several birds, mostly crows, were found dead or showing signs of poisoning in the vicinity of the Redland City Council car park in Doig Street, Cleveland on June 16.

Since then, dead birds have been found in the area weekly.

Brisbane Bird and Exotics Vet Service veterinarian Dr Deborah Monks, who initially tended to the birds, said necropsies performed on three of the dead birds suggested they had been poisoned.

She said she believed a piece of minced meat found near the birds also contained poison.

RSPCA spokesperson Michael Beatty said the mince, plus a crow found dead in the area at the same time, were subsequently sent to the Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation for analysis.

The laboratory reports indicated "very high levels" of the organophosphate pesticide Fenthion were found in the meat and "significant levels" of Fenthion were also found in the bird's liver and gastrointestinal tract.

RSPCA Qld bayside inspector Joanne Warnock described the animal deaths as "very disturbing".

"Other native wildlife is obviously at risk, as are domestic pets and even small children," she said.

"Crows and magpies are protected species so those responsible face fines and imprisonment under the Nature Conservation Act as well as the Animal Care and Protection Act."

Redland City Council Chief Executive Officer Gary Stevenson said the council took the matter of animal welfare seriously.

"While council is very concerned, legislated responsibility for harm to native animals belongs primarily to DERM, although the RSPCA can also be involved in subsequent prosecution under protection of animals legislation," Mr Stevenson said.

"In response to this issue, DERM has organised a meeting this week involving all key stakeholders to outline future action.

"A Redland City Council wildlife extension officer has continued to liaise with the relevant stakeholders since the first incident was reported and has assisted with toxicology testing of the poisoned birds."

Mr Stevenson said the council was strongly opposed to the unlawful baiting of animals.

He urged members of the public to be aware and take due care around the sites in question and encouraged parents to ensure children were well supervised.

Anyone with information that could help investigators can contact the RSPCA's animal cruelty hotline on 1300 852 188 or Crime Stoppers on 1300 888 333.

https://www.animalsaustralia.org/media/in_the_news.php?article=2722

What is poisoning our birds?

 On JUL 28, 2011THE RSPCA Queensland is appealing for public help to find the person or people it suspects has poisoned at least 25 animals in Cleveland since June 16.The majority of the affected animals have been crows or magpies but a black-faced cuckoo shrike and a native rat were also allegedly poisoned, with 22 of the 25 animals dying.

Animal welfare experts were alerted to the situation when several birds, mostly crows, were found dead or showing signs of poisoning in the vicinity of the Redland City Council car park in Doig Street, Cleveland on June 16.

Since then, dead birds have been found in the area weekly.

Brisbane Bird and Exotics Vet Service veterinarian Dr Deborah Monks, who initially tended to the birds, said necropsies performed on three of the dead birds suggested they had been poisoned.

She said she believed a piece of minced meat found near the birds also contained poison.

RSPCA spokesperson Michael Beatty said the mince, plus a crow found dead in the area at the same time, were subsequently sent to the Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation for analysis.

The laboratory reports indicated “very high levels” of the organophosphate pesticide Fenthion were found in the meat and “significant levels” of Fenthion were also found in the bird’s liver and gastrointestinal tract.

RSPCA Qld bayside inspector Joanne Warnock described the animal deaths as “very disturbing”.

“Other native wildlife is obviously at risk, as are domestic pets and even small children,” she said.

“Crows and magpies are protected species so those responsible face fines and imprisonment under the Nature Conservation Act as well as the Animal Care and Protection Act.”

Redland City Council Chief Executive Officer Gary Stevenson said the council took the matter of animal welfare seriously.

“While council is very concerned, legislated responsibility for harm to native animals belongs primarily to DERM, although the RSPCA can also be involved in subsequent prosecution under protection of animals legislation,” Mr Stevenson said.

“In response to this issue, DERM has organised a meeting this week involving all key stakeholders to outline future action.

“A Redland City Council wildlife extension officer has continued to liaise with the relevant stakeholders since the first incident was reported and has assisted with toxicology testing of the poisoned birds.”

Mr Stevenson said the council was strongly opposed to the unlawful baiting of animals.

He urged members of the public to be aware and take due care around the sites in question and encouraged parents to ensure children were well supervised.

Anyone with information that could help investigators can contact the RSPCA’s animal cruelty hotline on 1300 852 188 or Crime Stoppers on 1300 888 333.

https://www.animalsaustralia.org/media/in_the_news.php?article=2722

1999 May – August: Bird deaths Collinsville (Qld). Pesticide: Fenthion

Bowen Independent. Wednesday 11 August 1999.Council update on bird deaths by Jon Gibbons*

Bowen Shire Council has recently obtained results from the Qld. National Parks and Wildlife Service in relation to the bird kills in Collinsville and Scottville.

As reported in the BI previously 4 and 6 August, the chemical fenthionwas responsible.

The results show that the three bird specimens contained 1.9mg, 700mg and 3800mg per kg of fenthion in their stomach and intestine contents otherwise the birds were in good condition. Fenthion is a moderately toxic compound with trade names: Bay 29493, Baycid, Baytex, Dalf, DMTP, Enfex, Lebaycid, Mercaptophos, Prentox Fenthion 4E, Queletex, S1752, Spotton, Taladox and Tiguvon. Fenthion is available in dust, emulsified concentrate, liquid concentrate, spray concentrate ULV and wettable powder formulations. Fenthion is an organ-phosphate insecticide used to control sucking and biting pests. It is moderately toxic to animals and highly toxic to birds. Based on this high toxicity to birds, fenthion is used in various parts of the world for weaver bird control. Pest control operators have used it to control pigeons around public buildings. In animals and humans fenthion is rapidly absorbed into the blood stream via the digestive tract, lungs and skin. In water bodies it can kill fresh water animals such as mussels, plankton and fish. Acute symptoms of fenthion poisoning in birds include tearing of the eyes, foaming salivation, lack of movement, tremors, congestion in wind pipe, lack of coordination in walking and an abnormally rapid rate of breathing or difficult breathing. Also reported in the Bowen Independent were the recent bird deaths in South africa and Podor attributable to fenthion. More than 6 million birds were killed in these areas within weeks following the use of Queletox containing an active ingredient fenthion. While the use of Queletox in these cases had been directed at seed eating birds causing crop losses to farmers, many ohter non-target species including herons and cranes have died together with vultures and other raptor birds which have consumed dead birds. As can be seen from this information, fenthion can have a dramatic affect on bird populations. Council has released this information in the hope that public knowledge regarding the use of fenthion containing products is heightened in an effort to prevent more bird deaths. Users of agricultural chemicals are reminded to read labels thoroughly before usage and to discard empty chemical containers carefully. Councils Drummuster collection point is available for rinsed empty chemical containers. Enquiries may be directed to council health and environmental services section on 07 4786 0633. * Jon Gibbons is Bowen Shire Council Director of Health and Environmental Services.

https://bioacoustics.cse.unsw.edu.au/birding-aus/1999-09/msg00007.html

Bowen Independent. Wednesday 11 August 1999.

Council update on bird deaths by Jon Gibbons*

Bowen Shire Council has recently obtained results from the Qld. National Parks and Wildlife Service in relation to the bird kills in Collinsville and Scottville.

As reported in the BI previously 4 and 6 August, the chemical fenthion
was responsible.

The results show that the three bird specimens contained 1.9mg, 700mg and 3800mg per kg of fenthion in their stomach and intestine contents otherwise the birds were in good condition. Fenthion is a moderately toxic compound with trade names: Bay 29493, Baycid, Baytex, Dalf, DMTP, Enfex, Lebaycid, Mercaptophos, Prentox Fenthion 4E, Queletex, S1752, Spotton, Taladox and Tiguvon. Fenthion is available in dust, emulsified concentrate, liquid concentrate, spray concentrate ULV and wettable powder formulations. Fenthion is an organ-phosphate insecticide used to control sucking and biting pests. It is moderately toxic to animals and highly toxic to birds. Based on this high toxicity to birds, fenthion is used in various parts of the world for weaver bird control. Pest control operators have used it to control pigeons around public buildings. In animals and humans fenthion is rapidly absorbed into the blood stream via the digestive tract, lungs and skin. In water bodies it can kill fresh water animals such as mussels, plankton and fish. Acute symptoms of fenthion poisoning in birds include tearing of the eyes, foaming salivation, lack of movement, tremors, congestion in wind pipe, lack of coordination in walking and an abnormally rapid rate of breathing or difficult breathing. Also reported in the Bowen Independent were the recent bird deaths in South africa and Podor attributable to fenthion. More than 6 million birds were killed in these areas within weeks following the use of Queletox containing an active ingredient fenthion. While the use of Queletox in these cases had been directed at seed eating birds causing crop losses to farmers, many ohter non-target species including herons and cranes have died together with vultures and other raptor birds which have consumed dead birds. As can be seen from this information, fenthion can have a dramatic affect on bird populations. Council has released this information in the hope that public knowledge regarding the use of fenthion containing products is heightened in an effort to prevent more bird deaths. Users of agricultural chemicals are reminded to read labels thoroughly before usage and to discard empty chemical containers carefully. Councils Drummuster collection point is available for rinsed empty chemical containers. Enquiries may be directed to council health and environmental services section on 07 4786 0633. * Jon Gibbons is Bowen Shire Council Director of Health and Environmental Services.

https://bioacoustics.cse.unsw.edu.au/birding-aus/1999-09/msg00007.html

2009 May: Henderson (WA) Hundreds of dead birds. Pesticide: Fenthion

Spray blamed for new bird deaths

The Australian June 1 2009

BIRDS are again dropping dead from the sky in a new toxic drama in Western Australia.

Nearly 200 ibises, ravens, gulls, ducks and a pelican were found dead or frothing and convulsing in Perth at the weekend.

The discovery comes a year after the mysterious mass death of 200 birds only a few kilometres away and two years after the Esperance lead contamination scandal which emptied the skies over the holiday town of Esperance for months when thousands of birds were poisoned.

The Department of Environment and Conservation yesterday blamed the latest deaths on the pesticide Fenthion, but said it was unclear whether it was a deliberate bird poisoning or had been caused by someone illegally dumping pesticide.

The dead and dying birds were found at a rubbish tip and in pools of water at a neighbouring quarry site in the southern suburb of Henderson.

DEC pollution response manager Ken Raine said samples had been taken from waterways to check for contamination and the rubbish tip had been covered with sand while investigations were continuing.

Fenthion is a broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide used to control horticultural pests such as fruit fly and aphids as well as mosquitoes and other insects.

It is an active ingredient in a number of products sold at hardware stores, including fly baits and fruit fly sprays. It was not known yesterday how much poison would have been needed to cause so many deaths.

A DEC spokeswoman said if the birds were deliberately poisoned it was an offence under the Wildlife Conservation Act, with fines of up to $4000 for each bird species affected. Illegal dumping of pesticides was covered by the Environmental Protection Act.

People have been warned not to touch any dead birds they find, although Mr Raine said he did not believe there was a threat to human health.

"Fenthion is moderately toxic to mammals, but highly toxic to birds and insects. Secondary poisoning of predators is possible," he said.

"Now that we know what caused the deaths, DEC's regional officers will investigate further to determine the source."

In July, 200 seagulls died in Henderson and the neighbouring beach suburb of Woodman Point, sparking a major investigation. Authorities conducted dozens of autopsies and sent samples to laboratories across Australia but no cause of death was established.

In 2007, a catastrophic bird kill in Esperance, 725km southeast of Perth, silenced the dawn chorus for months when up to 10,000 wattle birds, yellow-throated miners, honeyeaters and other species died. The drama was the first warning of a lead contamination scandal which was later found to have caused dangerously high lead levels in children.

https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/spray-blamed-for-new-bird-deaths/story-e6frg6pf-1225719065801

Spray blamed for new bird deaths

The Australian June 1 2009

 

BIRDS are again dropping dead from the sky in a new toxic drama in Western Australia.

Nearly 200 ibises, ravens, gulls, ducks and a pelican were found dead or frothing and convulsing in Perth at the weekend.

The discovery comes a year after the mysterious mass death of 200 birds only a few kilometres away and two years after the Esperance lead contamination scandal which emptied the skies over the holiday town of Esperance for months when thousands of birds were poisoned.

The Department of Environment and Conservation yesterday blamed the latest deaths on the pesticide Fenthion, but said it was unclear whether it was a deliberate bird poisoning or had been caused by someone illegally dumping pesticide.

The dead and dying birds were found at a rubbish tip and in pools of water at a neighbouring quarry site in the southern suburb of Henderson.

DEC pollution response manager Ken Raine said samples had been taken from waterways to check for contamination and the rubbish tip had been covered with sand while investigations were continuing.

Fenthion is a broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide used to control horticultural pests such as fruit fly and aphids as well as mosquitoes and other insects.

It is an active ingredient in a number of products sold at hardware stores, including fly baits and fruit fly sprays. It was not known yesterday how much poison would have been needed to cause so many deaths.

A DEC spokeswoman said if the birds were deliberately poisoned it was an offence under the Wildlife Conservation Act, with fines of up to $4000 for each bird species affected. Illegal dumping of pesticides was covered by the Environmental Protection Act.

People have been warned not to touch any dead birds they find, although Mr Raine said he did not believe there was a threat to human health.

“Fenthion is moderately toxic to mammals, but highly toxic to birds and insects. Secondary poisoning of predators is possible,” he said.

“Now that we know what caused the deaths, DEC’s regional officers will investigate further to determine the source.”

In July, 200 seagulls died in Henderson and the neighbouring beach suburb of Woodman Point, sparking a major investigation. Authorities conducted dozens of autopsies and sent samples to laboratories across Australia but no cause of death was established.

In 2007, a catastrophic bird kill in Esperance, 725km southeast of Perth, silenced the dawn chorus for months when up to 10,000 wattle birds, yellow-throated miners, honeyeaters and other species died. The drama was the first warning of a lead contamination scandal which was later found to have caused dangerously high lead levels in children.

https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/spray-blamed-for-new-bird-deaths/story-e6frg6pf-1225719065801

1976 June: Hawkesdale? (Vic). Birds poisoned. Pesticide: Fenthion

1976 June 28 WD Country Bulletin

Wildlife threatened by poisoned grain

Wildlife authorities are concerned about the number of native birds being killed by poison grain laid to control farm pests.

The director of Wildlife and Fisheries, Mr Jim Wharton, said that on one farm in the Western District, 60 mountain ducks were found to have died from poisoning while four brolgas were found poisoned near another farm.

He said he recognised that farmers were having a difficult time at present, and that farm pests - especially crickets - were causing problems in many areas.

"Nevertheless," he said, "too many rare and valuable wildlife species are falling victim to poisoned grain spread around by farmers at sowing time.

"In the interests of protecting our native wildlife, I ask all farmers to contact their local Fisheries and Wildlife Officer before undertaking any poisoning program for pests,"Mr Wharton continued.

He said farmers should bury or burn any "pickled" grain not spread for crops, since heaps of poisoned grain left in the open could easily kill wallabies, ducks and other protected animals.

Poisoning of any native animal was prohibited and offenders faced heavy fines and even a prison sentence for a second offence, he said.

"The Fisheries and Wildlife Division issues permits to farmers to destroy wildlife by means other than poisoning, if it is satisfied the wildlife is causing farm damage."

Mr Wharton said the division had an animal damage officer in Melbourne who could advise on methods of controlling wildlife if farmers had problems.

1976 June 28 WD Country Bulletin

Wildlife threatened by poisoned grain

Wildlife authorities are concerned about the number of native birds being killed by poison grain laid to control farm pests.

The director of Wildlife and Fisheries, Mr Jim Wharton, said that on one farm in the Western District, 60 mountain ducks were found to have died from poisoning while four brolgas were found poisoned near another farm.

He said he recognised that farmers were having a difficult time at present, and that farm pests – especially crickets – were causing problems in many areas.

“Nevertheless,” he said, “too many rare and valuable wildlife species are falling victim to poisoned grain spread around by farmers at sowing time.

“In the interests of protecting our native wildlife, I ask all farmers to contact their local Fisheries and Wildlife Officer before undertaking any poisoning program for pests,”Mr Wharton continued.

He said farmers should bury or burn any “pickled” grain not spread for crops, since heaps of poisoned grain left in the open could easily kill wallabies, ducks and other protected animals.

Poisoning of any native animal was prohibited and offenders faced heavy fines and even a prison sentence for a second offence, he said.

“The Fisheries and Wildlife Division issues permits to farmers to destroy wildlife by means other than poisoning, if it is satisfied the wildlife is causing farm damage.”

Mr Wharton said the division had an animal damage officer in Melbourne who could advise on methods of controlling wildlife if farmers had problems.

1976 September: Phillip Island. Concerns about thin penguin shells. Pesticide: DDT

12 September 1976

Letter to Director
Fisheries and Wildlife Division

Thin Shells on Penguin Eggs

This weekend, during the routine check of penguin burrows at Phillip Island, we found three eggs with a series of small breaks where the shell had been depressed. When marking one egg with a pen, the point broke through the shell.

In the previous eight seasons during which we have carried out this routine work, we have not found one egg similarly damaged out of the many hundreds handled. The shell is normally hard. I believe this to be necessary because much of the courtship of a pair is carried on in the burrow and the eggs are subjected to rather rough treatment.

The three eggs were in the study area where at the moment there are 19 altogether. We did not search for other eggs in surrounding areas, merely contenting ourselves with feeling for then in the burrow to ascertain whether the occupants were breeding.

Perhaps these three eggs are not significant of a general thinning of shells through DDT contamination, but I pass on the information in case you wish to follow it up in some way. The eggs have been left in the nests but could be located without difficulty should you wish to examine them.

Yours sincerely

***

Penguin Study Group

12 September 1976

Letter to Director
Fisheries and Wildlife Division

Thin Shells on Penguin Eggs

This weekend, during the routine check of penguin burrows at Phillip Island, we found three eggs with a series of small breaks where the shell had been depressed. When marking one egg with a pen, the point broke through the shell.

In the previous eight seasons during which we have carried out this routine work, we have not found one egg similarly damaged out of the many hundreds handled. The shell is normally hard. I believe this to be necessary because much of the courtship of a pair is carried on in the burrow and the eggs are subjected to rather rough treatment.

The three eggs were in the study area where at the moment there are 19 altogether. We did not search for other eggs in surrounding areas, merely contenting ourselves with feeling for then in the burrow to ascertain whether the occupants were breeding.

Perhaps these three eggs are not significant of a general thinning of shells through DDT contamination, but I pass on the information in case you wish to follow it up in some way. The eggs have been left in the nests but could be located without difficulty should you wish to examine them.

Yours sincerely

***

Penguin Study Group

1976 May: Beeac (Vic). Reports of dead ducks and loss of brolgas. Pesticide: Fenthion

31/5/76

*** via Beeac

Dear Sir,

I have just read an article in the Geelong paper this morning, about the poisoned wildlife.

I work on a property in the western district but this goes on every year, its not when the crops are planted however, it is after the crop has come up.

Only last year I told a fellow about off about it, but he still went ahead and did it.

The method they use, they get a bucket full of Barley or wheat then soak it in "Lucijet" a fluid they use for blow fly strike. Now they take it up and set baits of it around the edge of the crop. This was to get rid of swans, now I only counted about half a dozen, they seem too crafty to take it, an act for which I was thankful for.

But ducks they are a different matter. The first year they put out these baits ... 127 black ducks that were killed...

I think you will agree last year was the only year I have seen a Brolga, but when I first went to this place, we used to have 50 brolgas around every year, now we only see about 5 which is quite a drop in numbers.

I didn't get around to counting all the dead birds last year but, there were 45 around the edge of one of the lakes adjoining one of the property's when they were putting these baits down...

31/5/76

*** via Beeac

Dear Sir,

I have just read an article in the Geelong paper this morning, about the poisoned wildlife.

I work on a property in the western district but this goes on every year, its not when the crops are planted however, it is after the crop has come up.

Only last year I told a fellow about off about it, but he still went ahead and did it.

The method they use, they get a bucket full of Barley or wheat then soak it in “Lucijet” a fluid they use for blow fly strike. Now they take it up and set baits of it around the edge of the crop. This was to get rid of swans, now I only counted about half a dozen, they seem too crafty to take it, an act for which I was thankful for.

But ducks they are a different matter. The first year they put out these baits … 127 black ducks that were killed…

I think you will agree last year was the only year I have seen a Brolga, but when I first went to this place, we used to have 50 brolgas around every year, now we only see about 5 which is quite a drop in numbers.

I didn’t get around to counting all the dead birds last year but, there were 45 around the edge of one of the lakes adjoining one of the property’s when they were putting these baits down…

1980 July: Fell Gully (Vic) Spraying of Acacia and impact on birds.

30th July 1980
Field Naturalists of Ballarat

Dear Mr Minister,

Re: Spraying of Acacia armata, Fell Gully.

In reply to your letter of 17th March concerning the effects of spraying of Acacia armata on the nesting birds, I have been seeking information from individuals particularly regarding the Fell Gully area.

We have recorded fledglings dead in nests and nests which had been occupied one week and deserted the next immediately after spraying.

While no hard scientific data is available suggesting that the birds have been killed directly by the spray, there is an enourmous change in the habitat which has an extreme effect on the birds.

A number of species choose the prickly habitat for nesting as a safeguard against predators, and this loss of protection can cause birds to forsake the nest. With spraying, the food source is also decreased, another reason for the mortality rate to increase.

We urge the authorities to seriously consider any undue change in the environment particularly in the spring as this time is more critical for bird populations....

Yours sincerely

****

Hon. Secretary.

30th July 1980
Field Naturalists of Ballarat

Dear Mr Minister,

Re: Spraying of Acacia armata, Fell Gully.

In reply to your letter of 17th March concerning the effects of spraying of Acacia armata on the nesting birds, I have been seeking information from individuals particularly regarding the Fell Gully area.

We have recorded fledglings dead in nests and nests which had been occupied one week and deserted the next immediately after spraying.

While no hard scientific data is available suggesting that the birds have been killed directly by the spray, there is an enourmous change in the habitat which has an extreme effect on the birds.

A number of species choose the prickly habitat for nesting as a safeguard against predators, and this loss of protection can cause birds to forsake the nest. With spraying, the food source is also decreased, another reason for the mortality rate to increase.

We urge the authorities to seriously consider any undue change in the environment particularly in the spring as this time is more critical for bird populations….

Yours sincerely

****

Hon. Secretary.

1980 September: Goroke (Vic). Large number of birds found dead in paddock. Pesticide: Fenthion

September 1980
Fisheries and Wildlife Division

Report on Analysis of Birds

Samples: Dead birds submitted were part of large number found dead in a paddock at Goroke. Suspected of being poisoned. Analysis for arsenic, Strychnine and fenthion-ethyl was requested.

Results:

Corella Fenthion-ethyl 19 parts per million
Raven (1) Fenthion-ethyl 25 parts per million
Raven (2) Fenthion-ethyl 1180 parts per million
Raven (3) Fenthion-ethyl 1683 parts per million
Magpie (1) Fenthion-ethyl 417 parts per million

Remarks: The analyses were performed on the stomach contents of the birds.

The largest residues were obtained from those birds with grain in their stomach. One magpie submitted had an empty stomach, so no result was obtained.

September 1980
Fisheries and Wildlife Division

Report on Analysis of Birds

Samples: Dead birds submitted were part of large number found dead in a paddock at Goroke. Suspected of being poisoned. Analysis for arsenic, Strychnine and fenthion-ethyl was requested.

Results:

Corella Fenthion-ethyl 19 parts per million
Raven (1) Fenthion-ethyl 25 parts per million
Raven (2) Fenthion-ethyl 1180 parts per million
Raven (3) Fenthion-ethyl 1683 parts per million
Magpie (1) Fenthion-ethyl 417 parts per million

Remarks: The analyses were performed on the stomach contents of the birds.

The largest residues were obtained from those birds with grain in their stomach. One magpie submitted had an empty stomach, so no result was obtained.

1982 July: Smithfield (SA). A large number of dead pigeons, birds of prey.

Tests for Department of Environment and Planning

This is to confirm that the following tests are required by this Department:-

(1) Tests on the organs of two male and two female mountain ducks to be forwarded by the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science to establish presence of and identify any poison.

These birds were part of a large flock found dead on a property in the Wrattonbully district. Nearby paddocks had been ploughed and sown. It is possible that poison had been laid for pests. It is suggested that lucijet may have been used but there is nothing to support this suggestion.

(2) Tests on carcasses of pigeons submitted by *** National Parks and Wildlife Service, to establish presence of and identify any poison.

These birds were among a large number of pigeons recently found dead in the Smithfield area. A number of birds of prey - mainly eagles - possibly feeding off the carcasses have also been affected but have survived. It is probable that local farmers are laying poison to eradicate the pigeons but it is not known what poison is being used...

National Parks and Wildlife Service
South Australia
18 July 1982

Tests for Department of Environment and Planning

This is to confirm that the following tests are required by this Department:-

(1) Tests on the organs of two male and two female mountain ducks to be forwarded by the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science to establish presence of and identify any poison.

These birds were part of a large flock found dead on a property in the Wrattonbully district. Nearby paddocks had been ploughed and sown. It is possible that poison had been laid for pests. It is suggested that lucijet may have been used but there is nothing to support this suggestion.

(2) Tests on carcasses of pigeons submitted by *** National Parks and Wildlife Service, to establish presence of and identify any poison.

These birds were among a large number of pigeons recently found dead in the Smithfield area. A number of birds of prey – mainly eagles – possibly feeding off the carcasses have also been affected but have survived. It is probable that local farmers are laying poison to eradicate the pigeons but it is not known what poison is being used…

1982 July: Wrattonbully (SA). Flock of dead ducks. Pesticide Suspected: Fenthion

National Parks and Wildlife Service
South Australia
18 July 1982

Tests for Department of Environment and Planning

This is to confirm that the following tests are required by this Department:-

(1) Tests on the organs of two male and two female mountain ducks to be forwarded by the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science to establish presence of and identify any poison.

These birds were part of a large flock found dead on a property in the Wrattonbully district. Nearby paddocks had been ploughed and sown. It is possible that poison had been laid for pests. It is suggested that lucijet may have been used but there is nothing to support this suggestion.

(2) Tests on carcasses of pigeons submitted by *** National Parks and Wildlife Service, to establish presence of and identify any poison.

These birds were among a large number of pigeons recently found dead in the Smithfield area. A number of birds of prey - mainly eagles - possibly feeding off the carcasses have also been affected but have survived. It is probable that local farmers are laying poison to eradicate the pigeons but it is not known what poison is being used...

National Parks and Wildlife Service
South Australia
18 July 1982

Tests for Department of Environment and Planning

This is to confirm that the following tests are required by this Department:-

(1) Tests on the organs of two male and two female mountain ducks to be forwarded by the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science to establish presence of and identify any poison.

These birds were part of a large flock found dead on a property in the Wrattonbully district. Nearby paddocks had been ploughed and sown. It is possible that poison had been laid for pests. It is suggested that lucijet may have been used but there is nothing to support this suggestion.

(2) Tests on carcasses of pigeons submitted by *** National Parks and Wildlife Service, to establish presence of and identify any poison.

These birds were among a large number of pigeons recently found dead in the Smithfield area. A number of birds of prey – mainly eagles – possibly feeding off the carcasses have also been affected but have survived. It is probable that local farmers are laying poison to eradicate the pigeons but it is not known what poison is being used…

1982 August: McDonald Park/Angle Vale (SA). Hundreds of dead pigeons. Pesticide: Fenthion

National Parks and Wildlife Service
South Australia
Pesticide Use (Smithfield) McDonald Park/Angle Vale
4 August 1982

Inspectors of the Law Enforcement Section have interviewd a number of persons in the McDonald Park/Angle Vale area in relation to the use of pesticide to poison pigeons.

This use of poison does not appear to be widespread within the McDonald Park/Angle Vale area.

As a result the public response to appeals for information on the source of the poisoning has now been isolated to one property.

Employees of the company concerned told National Parks and Wildlife Service Inspectors that Baytex 50, a Bayer product, was used to kill mosquitoes, flies etc.
It was used on two occasions at the rate of 40 mls. per litre and 80 mls per litre mixed with a 2 gallon bucket of wheat on each occasion for the purpose of poisoning pigeons.
Up to 300 pigeons are estimated to have died. The majority of these birds were collected and burnt or otherwise disposed of.

There are no run-off or water catchment areas within the immediate area.

All of the grain laid bait was eaten by birds within 2/3 days and an assurance has been received that no further poisoning will be carried out.

The active constituent of Baytex is Fenthion and the presence of this chemical was detected by the Forensic Science Division of the Department of Supply in crop samples removed from dead birds.

It is highly improbable that any long-term affects to the Environment would occur as a result of this particular incident...

National Parks and Wildlife Service
South Australia
Pesticide Use (Smithfield) McDonald Park/Angle Vale
4 August 1982

Inspectors of the Law Enforcement Section have interviewed a number of persons in the McDonald Park/Angle Vale area in relation to the use of pesticide to poison pigeons.

This use of poison does not appear to be widespread within the McDonald Park/Angle Vale area.

As a result the public response to appeals for information on the source of the poisoning has now been isolated to one property.

Employees of the company concerned told National Parks and Wildlife Service Inspectors that Baytex 50, a Bayer product, was used to kill mosquitoes, flies etc.
It was used on two occasions at the rate of 40 mls. per litre and 80 mls per litre mixed with a 2 gallon bucket of wheat on each occasion for the purpose of poisoning pigeons.
Up to 300 pigeons are estimated to have died. The majority of these birds were collected and burnt or otherwise disposed of.

There are no run-off or water catchment areas within the immediate area.

All of the grain laid bait was eaten by birds within 2/3 days and an assurance has been received that no further poisoning will be carried out.

The active constituent of Baytex is Fenthion and the presence of this chemical was detected by the Forensic Science Division of the Department of Supply in crop samples removed from dead birds.

It is highly improbable that any long-term affects to the Environment would occur as a result of this particular incident…

1981 June: Werribee DDT residues in Cabbage

Health Commission of Victoria

State Health Laboratory

7th February 1983

Report on 5 samples of Cabbage

Submitted: 11.6.81

Samples:

1. **** - Werribee
2. **** - Werribee South
3. **** - Werribee South
4. **** - Bembridge, Pearcedale
5. **** - Werribee South

Results: Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in parts per million
1. **** - Werribee  DDT 0.009
2. **** - Werribee South DDT N.D.
3. **** - Werribee South DDT N.D.
3. **** - Bembridge, Pearcedale DDT N.D.
3. **** - Werribee South DDT N.D.

Health Commission of Victoria

State Health Laboratory

7th February 1983

Report on 5 samples of Cabbage

Submitted: 11.6.81

Samples:

1. **** – Werribee
2. **** – Werribee South
3. **** – Werribee South
4. **** – Bembridge, Pearcedale
5. **** – Werribee South

Results: Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in parts per million
1. **** – Werribee  DDT 0.009
2. **** – Werribee South DDT N.D.
3. **** – Werribee South DDT N.D.
3. **** – Bembridge, Pearcedale DDT N.D.
3. **** – Werribee South DDT N.D.

1981 June: Narre Warren (Vic). Pesticide Residues in Broccoli. DDE, DDT

Health Commission of Victoria

State Health Laboratory

7th February 1983

Report on 3 samples of Broccoli

Submitted: 11.6.81

Samples:

1. **** - Bacchus Marsh
2. **** - Bacchus Marsh
3. **** - Narre Warren

Results: Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in parts per million
1. **** - Bacchus Marsh  Lindane 0.004, DDE 0.05, DDT 0.083
2. **** - Bacchus Marsh Lindane N.D., DDE 0.009, DDT 0.004
3. **** - Narre Warren Lindane N.D., DDE 0.022, DDT 0.026.

Health Commission of Victoria

State Health Laboratory

7th February 1983

Report on 3 samples of Broccoli

Submitted: 11.6.81

Samples:

1. **** – Bacchus Marsh
2. **** – Bacchus Marsh
3. **** – Narre Warren

Results: Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in parts per million
1. **** – Bacchus Marsh  Lindane 0.004, DDE 0.05, DDT 0.083
2. **** – Bacchus Marsh Lindane N.D., DDE 0.009, DDT 0.004
3. **** – Narre Warren Lindane N.D., DDE 0.022, DDT 0.026.

1981 June: Werribee South. Pesticide residues in Silverbeet. Pesticides: DDT, DDE

7th February 1983

Report on 5 samples of Silverbeet

Submitted: 11.6.81

Samples:

Results: Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in parts per million

1. **** - Ferntree Gully  DDE N.D., ppDDT N.D., opDDT., N.D.
2. **** - Bacchus Marsh DDE 0.007, ppDDT 0.013, opDDT., N.D.
3. **** - Keysborough DDE 0.38, ppDDT 5.6, opDDT., 0.7.
4. **** - Werribee South DDE 0.009 ppDDT 0.055, opDDT., 0.008.
5. **** - Devon Meadows Kooweerup DDE N.D., ppDDT N.D., opDDT., N.D.

State Health Laboratory

7th February 1983

Report on 5 samples of Silverbeet

Submitted: 11.6.81

Samples:

Results: Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in parts per million

1. **** – Ferntree Gully  DDE N.D., ppDDT N.D., opDDT., N.D.
2. **** – Bacchus Marsh DDE 0.007, ppDDT 0.013, opDDT., N.D.
3. **** – Keysborough DDE 0.38, ppDDT 5.6, opDDT., 0.7.
4. **** – Werribee South DDE 0.009 ppDDT 0.055, opDDT., 0.008.
5. **** – Devon Meadows Kooweerup DDE N.D., ppDDT N.D., opDDT., N.D.

1981 June: Keysborough (Vic) Pesticide Residues in Silverbeet. Pesticides: DDE, DDT

State Health Laboratory

7th February 1983

Report on 5 samples of Silverbeet

Submitted: 11.6.81

Samples:

Results: Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in parts per million

1. **** - Ferntree Gully  DDE N.D., ppDDT N.D., opDDT., N.D.
2. **** - Bacchus Marsh DDE 0.007, ppDDT 0.013, opDDT., N.D.
3. **** - Keysborough DDE 0.38, ppDDT 5.6, opDDT., 0.7.
4. **** - Werribee South DDE 0.009 ppDDT 0.055, opDDT., 0.008.
5. **** - Devon Meadows Kooweerup DDE N.D., ppDDT N.D., opDDT., N.D.

Health Commission of Victoria

State Health Laboratory

7th February 1983

Report on 5 samples of Silverbeet

Submitted: 11.6.81

Samples:

Results: Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in parts per million

1. **** – Ferntree Gully  DDE N.D., ppDDT N.D., opDDT., N.D.
2. **** – Bacchus Marsh DDE 0.007, ppDDT 0.013, opDDT., N.D.
3. **** – Keysborough DDE 0.38, ppDDT 5.6, opDDT., 0.7.
4. **** – Werribee South DDE 0.009 ppDDT 0.055, opDDT., 0.008.
5. **** – Devon Meadows Kooweerup DDE N.D., ppDDT N.D., opDDT., N.D.

1981 June: Bacchus Marsh (Vic) Silverbeet and Broccoli. Pesticides: DDE, DDT, Lindane

Health Commission of Victoria

State Health Laboratory

7th February 1983

Report on 5 samples of Silverbeet

Submitted: 11.6.81

Samples:

Results: Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in parts per million

1. **** - Ferntree Gully  DDE N.D., ppDDT N.D., opDDT., N.D.
2. **** - Bacchus Marsh DDE 0.007, ppDDT 0.013, opDDT., N.D.
3. **** - Keysborough DDE 0.38, ppDDT 5.6, opDDT., 0.7.
4. **** - Werribee South DDE 0.009 ppDDT 0.055, opDDT., 0.008.
5. **** - Devon Meadows Kooweerup DDE N.D., ppDDT N.D., opDDT., N.D.

 

Health Commission of Victoria

State Health Laboratory

7th February 1983

Report on 3 samples of Broccoli

Submitted: 11.6.81

Samples:

1. **** - Bacchus Marsh
2. **** - Bacchus Marsh
3. **** - Narre Warren

Results: Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in parts per million
1. **** - Bacchus Marsh  Lindane 0.004, DDE 0.05, DDT 0.083
2. **** - Bacchus Marsh Lindane N.D., DDE 0.009, DDT 0.004
3. **** - Narre Warren Lindane N.D., DDE 0.022, DDT 0.026.

Health Commission of Victoria

State Health Laboratory

7th February 1983

Report on 5 samples of Silverbeet

Submitted: 11.6.81

Samples:

Results: Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in parts per million

1. **** – Ferntree Gully  DDE N.D., ppDDT N.D., opDDT., N.D.
2. **** – Bacchus Marsh DDE 0.007, ppDDT 0.013, opDDT., N.D.
3. **** – Keysborough DDE 0.38, ppDDT 5.6, opDDT., 0.7.
4. **** – Werribee South DDE 0.009 ppDDT 0.055, opDDT., 0.008.
5. **** – Devon Meadows Kooweerup DDE N.D., ppDDT N.D., opDDT., N.D.

Health Commission of Victoria

State Health Laboratory

7th February 1983

Report on 3 samples of Broccoli

Submitted: 11.6.81

Samples:

1. **** – Bacchus Marsh
2. **** – Bacchus Marsh
3. **** – Narre Warren

Results: Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in parts per million
1. **** – Bacchus Marsh  Lindane 0.004, DDE 0.05, DDT 0.083
2. **** – Bacchus Marsh Lindane N.D., DDE 0.009, DDT 0.004
3. **** – Narre Warren Lindane N.D., DDE 0.022, DDT 0.026.

 

1970: Breast Milk (Vic). Pesticides detected: DDT, DDE, HCB, Dieldrin, DDD

Organochlorine Pesticide Residue Levels in Human Milk - Victoria, Australia - 1970.

K.G. Newton and N.C. Greene

Vol 6, No 1, June 1972 Pesticide Monitoring Journal

Abstract

Samples of human milk were collected in 1970 from 39 rural and 28 urban donors in Victoria, Australia, and were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides using electron capture gas chromatography. All samples contained DDT, DDE and HCB. Twenty-nine contained dieldrin (mean 0.006 ppm), 12 contained DDD (mean 0.007 ppm) and 3 contained both dieldrin and DDD.

Total DDT averaged 0.139 ppm for rural 0.145ppm for urban donors, and HCB averaged 0.042 ppm and 0.063 ppm, respectively.

... The rural donors lived on or near fruit orchards in Shepparton, the center for a district which produces under irrigation large quantities of tree fruits for the local and export markets...A second survey consisting of 26 rural and 18 urban donors was undertaken in December 1970...

All samples contained HCB. It is possible that HCB entered the food chain of Victorians from the improper channeling of HCB-treated seed wheat into the local poultry and stock food industries following a series of severe reductions in wheat acreage during the period of worldwide wheat over-production in the past decade...

Organochlorine Pesticide Residue Levels in Human Milk – Victoria, Australia – 1970.

K.G. Newton and N.C. Greene

Vol 6, No 1, June 1972 Pesticide Monitoring Journal

Abstract

Samples of human milk were collected in 1970 from 39 rural and 28 urban donors in Victoria, Australia, and were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides using electron capture gas chromatography. All samples contained DDT, DDE and HCB. Twenty-nine contained dieldrin (mean 0.006 ppm), 12 contained DDD (mean 0.007 ppm) and 3 contained both dieldrin and DDD.

Total DDT averaged 0.139 ppm for rural 0.145ppm for urban donors, and HCB averaged 0.042 ppm and 0.063 ppm, respectively.

… The rural donors lived on or near fruit orchards in Shepparton, the center for a district which produces under irrigation large quantities of tree fruits for the local and export markets…A second survey consisting of 26 rural and 18 urban donors was undertaken in December 1970…

All samples contained HCB. It is possible that HCB entered the food chain of Victorians from the improper channeling of HCB-treated seed wheat into the local poultry and stock food industries following a series of severe reductions in wheat acreage during the period of worldwide wheat over-production in the past decade…

1983 March: Coonabarabran (NSW) White Browed Woodswallows impacted by locust spraying.

National Parks and Wildlife Service NSW

16/3/83

Subject: Agricultural Chemicals

In reply to Telex AA 63754 requesting information on effects of Agricultural Chemicals and any effects upon wildlife.

This district has noticed some effects of Agro-chemicals upon wildlife in this area.

i. During aerial spraying of locusts in this district, many farmers reported significant numbers on small insectiverous birds dying on their properties. The most commonly affected species in White Browed Woodswallow which does die in fairly large numbers.

ii. One particular pair of Peregrine Falcons which regularly nest within the Pilliga Nature Reserve has noticed to have a fairly low hatching rate, compared with other pairs further south in the Coonabarabran - Warrumbungle National Park area. One addled egg was removed from this nest after the 1981 season and sent to the CSIRO for Pesticide testing...

iii. White Cockatoos, Galahs, and Crimson Rosellas are often seen eating seeds from the flowering heads, of variegated Thistle in Warrumbungle National Park. These weeds are always sprayed with "D-800 Ester" (R) Du Pont.

No affects on these birds have been noticed, however no careful observations have ever been made.

During certain times of the year, White Cockatoos have been noticed to almost completely defoliate several Angophora trees near Wambelong Creek in W.N.P. This is the unusual behaviour noted.

***

Superintendent
Coonabarabran/Narrabri Districts.

National Parks and Wildlife Service NSW

16/3/83

Subject: Agricultural Chemicals

In reply to Telex AA 63754 requesting information on effects of Agricultural Chemicals and any effects upon wildlife.

This district has noticed some effects of Agro-chemicals upon wildlife in this area.

i. During aerial spraying of locusts in this district, many farmers reported significant numbers on small insectiverous birds dying on their properties. The most commonly affected species in White Browed Woodswallow which does die in fairly large numbers.

ii. One particular pair of Peregrine Falcons which regularly nest within the Pilliga Nature Reserve has noticed to have a fairly low hatching rate, compared with other pairs further south in the Coonabarabran – Warrumbungle National Park area. One addled egg was removed from this nest after the 1981 season and sent to the CSIRO for Pesticide testing…

iii. White Cockatoos, Galahs, and Crimson Rosellas are often seen eating seeds from the flowering heads, of variegated Thistle in Warrumbungle National Park. These weeds are always sprayed with “D-800 Ester” (R) Du Pont.

No affects on these birds have been noticed, however no careful observations have ever been made.

During certain times of the year, White Cockatoos have been noticed to almost completely defoliate several Angophora trees near Wambelong Creek in W.N.P. This is the unusual behaviour noted.

***

Superintendent
Coonabarabran/Narrabri Districts.

1982 December: Mt Spion Kopje (Vic). Phasmatid Control. Pesticide: Malathion

21 Dec 1982: Forest Commission Victoria: Control of plagues of phasmatids affecting 345ha of forest in the SEC works area and 284ha of forest near Mt Spion Kopje in the Bogong National Park... the treatment will be aerial spraying of Malathion insecticide at the rate of 561ml in 11.2 litres of distillate per ha...

21 Dec 1982: Forest Commission Victoria: Control of plagues of phasmatids affecting 345ha of forest in the SEC works area and 284ha of forest near Mt Spion Kopje in the Bogong National Park… the treatment will be aerial spraying of Malathion insecticide at the rate of 561ml in 11.2 litres of distillate per ha…

1979 December: Bogong Phasmatid Control. Pesticide: Malathion

13 Dec 1979: Letter from FCV to PRC to aerially spray Maldison/Malathion to control a plague of phasmatids affecting 90ha of forest in the East Kiewa Catchment (561ml in 11.2 litres fuel per ha) - [couple of km's east of Bogong].

13 Dec 1979: Letter from FCV to PRC to aerially spray Maldison/Malathion to control a plague of phasmatids affecting 90ha of forest in the East Kiewa Catchment (561ml in 11.2 litres fuel per ha) – [couple of km’s east of Bogong].

1974 November: Erica (Vic) Phasmatid Control. Pesticide: Malathion

29 Nov 1974: MINUTES OF THE ONE HUNDRETH AND EIGHTH MEETING OF THE PESTICIDES REVIEW COMMITTEE 29/11/74.(1) Letter dated 7th November received from Forests Commission advising of proposed spraying of areas in Upper Yarra (New Turkey), Neerim (Carters Creek) and Erica (Western Tyers A,B & C) for control of plague proportions of phasmatids, during Jan 75. Total area to be sprayed 1070 hectares (2640 acres).

29 Nov 1974: MINUTES OF THE ONE HUNDRETH AND EIGHTH MEETING OF THE PESTICIDES REVIEW COMMITTEE 29/11/74.(1) Letter dated 7th November received from Forests Commission advising of proposed spraying of areas in Upper Yarra (New Turkey), Neerim (Carters Creek) and Erica (Western Tyers A,B & C) for control of plague proportions of phasmatids, during Jan 75. Total area to be sprayed 1070 hectares (2640 acres).

1974 November: Carters Creek Neerim (Vic). Phasmatid Control. Pesticide: Malathion.

29 Nov 1974: MINUTES OF THE ONE HUNDRETH AND EIGHTH MEETING OF THE PESTICIDES REVIEW COMMITTEE 29/11/74.(1) Letter dated 7th November received from Forests Commission advising of proposed spraying of areas in Upper Yarra (New Turkey), Neerim (Carters Creek) and Erica (Western Tyers A,B & C) for control of plague proportions of phasmatids, during Jan 75. Total area to be sprayed 1070 hectares (2640 acres).

29 Nov 1974: MINUTES OF THE ONE HUNDRETH AND EIGHTH MEETING OF THE PESTICIDES REVIEW COMMITTEE 29/11/74.(1) Letter dated 7th November received from Forests Commission advising of proposed spraying of areas in Upper Yarra (New Turkey), Neerim (Carters Creek) and Erica (Western Tyers A,B & C) for control of plague proportions of phasmatids, during Jan 75. Total area to be sprayed 1070 hectares (2640 acres).

1974 November: New Turkey (Upper Yarra). Phasmatid Control. Pesticide: Malathion

29 Nov 1974: MINUTES OF THE ONE HUNDRETH AND EIGHTH MEETING OF THE PESTICIDES REVIEW COMMITTEE 29/11/74.(1) Letter dated 7th November received from Forests Commission advising of proposed spraying of areas in Upper Yarra (New Turkey), Neerim (Carters Creek) and Erica (Western Tyers A,B & C) for control of plague proportions of phasmatids, during Jan 75. Total area to be sprayed 1070 hectares (2640 acres).

29 Nov 1974: MINUTES OF THE ONE HUNDRETH AND EIGHTH MEETING OF THE PESTICIDES REVIEW COMMITTEE 29/11/74.(1) Letter dated 7th November received from Forests Commission advising of proposed spraying of areas in Upper Yarra (New Turkey), Neerim (Carters Creek) and Erica (Western Tyers A,B & C) for control of plague proportions of phasmatids, during Jan 75. Total area to be sprayed 1070 hectares (2640 acres).

1970 November: Kiewa (Vic). Phasmatid Control. Pesticide: Malathion

6 Nov 1970: 40th Meeting Pesticides Review Committee: (b) State Electricity Commission. Letter received from SEC dated 27 October advising the Commission proposes to aerial spray 2000 acres in the Kiewa Area to control phasmatids with Malathion

6 Nov 1970: 40th Meeting Pesticides Review Committee: (b) State Electricity Commission. Letter received from SEC dated 27 October advising the Commission proposes to aerial spray 2000 acres in the Kiewa Area to control phasmatids with Malathion .

1968 February – 1968 November: Dowey’s Spur (Vic) Phasmatid Spraying. Pesticide: Malathion

11 January 1968: Forests Commission to Pesticides Review Committee: "To protect long term growth study plots you area dvised that the Commission wished to apply Malathion at the rate of 5 1/2oz. in 3 gallons No.2 Fuel oil per acre... The Brittania Creek area is about 1 1/2 miles upstream from the the take-off weir of the Yarra Junction water supply... Past aerial spraying operations particularly in the Tarago-Bunyip River areas have been conducted with no detectable effect on water..."

1 February 1968: Forests Commission to Pesticides Review Committee: "...apply Malathion to 280 acres of Mountain Ash forest in the Powelltown area, subsequent studies of insect population have shown that the boundaries of four areas to be sprayed will have to be extended..." Brittania Creek 146 acres, Fitzpatricks Road 74 acres, Ada River 110 acres, Dowey's Spur 140 acres.

1 March 1968: 15th Meeting Pesticides Review Committee: Application from the Forests Commission to spray areas with Malathion for the control of phastmatids in the Powelltown area.

22 November 1968: 22nd Meeting Pesticides Review Committee: 31. Letter received from Forests Commission advised of spraying program at Brittania Creek, Fitzpatricks Road, Ada River, Dowey's Spur, Learmonth Creek Road. FCV letter dated 11 October 1968 - aerial spray 4676 acres "...The Brittania Creek area is of particular concern is about 1 1/2 miles upstream from the take-off weir of the Yarra Junction water supply. It is intended that no insecticide will be released within two chains of the water course - due to start 3/1/69 to 17/1/69.

7 February 1969: 23rd Meeting Pesticides Review Committee: Letter dated 23rd December received from Forests Commission requesting extension of area to be sprayed - Amalgamated Chemicals to supply "Dibrom" as comparison to Malathion area to be sprayed 100 acres.

1 February 1968: Forests Commission to Pesticides Review Committee: “…apply Malathion to 280 acres of Mountain Ash forest in the Powelltown area, subsequent studies of insect population have shown that the boundaries of four areas to be sprayed will have to be extended…” Brittania Creek 146 acres, Fitzpatricks Road 74 acres, Ada River 110 acres, Dowey’s Spur 140 acres.

1 March 1968: 15th Meeting Pesticides Review Committee: Application from the Forests Commission to spray areas with Malathion for the control of phastmatids in the Powelltown area.

22 November 1968: 22nd Meeting Pesticides Review Committee: 31. Letter received from Forests Commission advised of spraying program at Brittania Creek, Fitzpatricks Road, Ada River, Dowey’s Spur, Learmonth Creek Road. FCV letter dated 11 October 1968 – aerial spray 4676 acres “…The Brittania Creek area is of particular concern is about 1 1/2 miles upstream from the take-off weir of the Yarra Junction water supply. It is intended that no insecticide will be released within two chains of the water course – due to start 3/1/69 to 17/1/69.

7 February 1969: 23rd Meeting Pesticides Review Committee: Letter dated 23rd December received from Forests Commission requesting extension of area to be sprayed – Amalgamated Chemicals to supply “Dibrom” as comparison to Malathion area to be sprayed 100 acres.

1968 January – 1973 February: Brittania Creek (Vic) Phasmatid Control. Pesticide: Malathion

11 January 1968: Forests Commission to Pesticides Review Committee: "To protect long term growth study plots you area dvised that the Commission wished to apply Malathion at the rate of 5 1/2oz. in 3 gallons No.2 Fuel oil per acre... The Brittania Creek area is about 1 1/2 miles upstream from the the take-off weir of the Yarra Junction water supply... Past aerial spraying operations particularly in the Tarago-Bunyip River areas have been conducted with no detectable effect on water..."

1 February 1968: Forests Commission to Pesticides Review Committee: "...apply Malathion to 280 acres of Mountain Ash forest in the Powelltown area, subsequent studies of insect population have shown that the boundaries of four areas to be sprayed will have to be extended..." Brittania Creek 146 acres, Fitzpatricks Road 74 acres, Ada River 110 acres, Dowey's Spur 140 acres.

1 March 1968: 15th Meeting Pesticides Review Committee: Application from the Forests Commission to spray areas with Malathion for the control of phastmatids in the Powelltown area.

22 November 1968: 22nd Meeting Pesticides Review Committee: 31. Letter received from Forests Commission advised of spraying program at Brittania Creek, Fitzpatricks Road, Ada River, Dowey's Spur, Learmonth Creek Road. FCV letter dated 11 October 1968 - aerial spray 4676 acres "...The Brittania Creek area is of particular concern is about 1 1/2 miles upstream from the take-off weir of the Yarra Junction water supply. It is intended that no insecticide will be released within two chains of the water course - due to start 3/1/69 to 17/1/69.

7 February 1969: 23rd Meeting Pesticides Review Committee: Letter dated 23rd December received from Forests Commission requesting extension of area to be sprayed - Amalgamated Chemicals to supply "Dibrom" as comparison to Malathion area to be sprayed 100 acres.

11 Dec 1970: 41st Meeting Pesticides Review Committee: Item 31 Aerial Spraying by Forests Commission: "The Chairman advised the meeting that after discussion with Dr MacKenzie he had rung Dr Moulds concerning the area to be sprayed. It was thought that it might be too close to the water take-off of Brittania Creek. Dr Mackenzie advised that he had gone to the area to watch the spraying. He said that there was no difficulty with the water and advised the Forests Commission that it would not be necessary to provide water samples as the water take off was more than a mile away..." Letter dated 30th November received from Forests Commission advising of the proposed spraying of 15,000 acres, for the control of phasmatid insects. The chemical compound to be used is Maldison. Decision. To advise the Forests Commission that the Committee has no objection to the conduct of the spraying as outlined.

5 Feb 1971: Meeting of Pesticides Review Committee: Letters dated 24th December and 8th January received from Forests Commission requesting permission to spray further areas for the control of phasmatids.

24 Nov 1972: 90th Pesticides Review Committee Meeting: Item No31(a). Letter dated 13th November, received from Forests Commission Victoria advising of Commissions proposed control measure against the plague populations of phasmatids Didymuria videsceus in areas in the Upper Yarra and Neerim forest districts. Decision 24/11/72 To advise the Forests Commission that the Committee has no objection to the spraying program as set out.

16 Feb 1973: 91st Pesticides Review Committee Meeting: Item No31(a) Letter from Forests Commission dated 13 December 1972 received advising of spraying to control phasmatids. The area is adjacent to the water catchment for Warburton township water supply. Letter received from MMBW dated 13 December confirming information provided by Forests Commission.

11 January 1968: Forests Commission to Pesticides Review Committee: “To protect long term growth study plots you area dvised that the Commission wished to apply Malathion at the rate of 5 1/2oz. in 3 gallons No.2 Fuel oil per acre… The Brittania Creek area is about 1 1/2 miles upstream from the the take-off weir of the Yarra Junction water supply… Past aerial spraying operations particularly in the Tarago-Bunyip River areas have been conducted with no detectable effect on water…”

1 February 1968: Forests Commission to Pesticides Review Committee: “…apply Malathion to 280 acres of Mountain Ash forest in the Powelltown area, subsequent studies of insect population have shown that the boundaries of four areas to be sprayed will have to be extended…” Brittania Creek 146 acres, Fitzpatricks Road 74 acres, Ada River 110 acres, Dowey’s Spur 140 acres.

1 March 1968: 15th Meeting Pesticides Review Committee: Application from the Forests Commission to spray areas with Malathion for the control of phastmatids in the Powelltown area.

22 November 1968: 22nd Meeting Pesticides Review Committee: 31. Letter received from Forests Commission advised of spraying program at Brittania Creek, Fitzpatricks Road, Ada River, Dowey’s Spur, Learmonth Creek Road. FCV letter dated 11 October 1968 – aerial spray 4676 acres “…The Brittania Creek area is of particular concern is about 1 1/2 miles upstream from the take-off weir of the Yarra Junction water supply. It is intended that no insecticide will be released within two chains of the water course – due to start 3/1/69 to 17/1/69.

7 February 1969: 23rd Meeting Pesticides Review Committee: Letter dated 23rd December received from Forests Commission requesting extension of area to be sprayed – Amalgamated Chemicals to supply “Dibrom” as comparison to Malathion area to be sprayed 100 acres.

11 Dec 1970: 41st Meeting Pesticides Review Committee: Item 31 Aerial Spraying by Forests Commission: “The Chairman advised the meeting that after discussion with Dr MacKenzie he had rung Dr Moulds concerning the area to be sprayed. It was thought that it might be too close to the water take-off of Brittania Creek. Dr Mackenzie advised that he had gone to the area to watch the spraying. He said that there was no difficulty with the water and advised the Forests Commission that it would not be necessary to provide water samples as the water take off was more than a mile away…” Letter dated 30th November received from Forests Commission advising of the proposed spraying of 15,000 acres, for the control of phasmatid insects. The chemical compound to be used is Maldison. Decision. To advise the Forests Commission that the Committee has no objection to the conduct of the spraying as outlined.

5 Feb 1971: Meeting of Pesticides Review Committee: Letters dated 24th December and 8th January received from Forests Commission requesting permission to spray further areas for the control of phasmatids.

24 Nov 1972: 90th Pesticides Review Committee Meeting: Item No31(a). Letter dated 13th November, received from Forests Commission Victoria advising of Commissions proposed control measure against the plague populations of phasmatids Didymuria videsceus in areas in the Upper Yarra and Neerim forest districts. Decision 24/11/72 To advise the Forests Commission that the Committee has no objection to the spraying program as set out.

16 Feb 1973: 91st Pesticides Review Committee Meeting: Item No31(a) Letter from Forests Commission dated 13 December 1972 received advising of spraying to control phasmatids. The area is adjacent to the water catchment for Warburton township water supply. Letter received from MMBW dated 13 December confirming information provided by Forests Commission.

1966 February: Ada River Headwaters Phasmatid Control. Pesticide: Malathion

February 1966: Proposal to spray 200 acres north east of Powelltown (Headwaters of the Ada River) with Malathion at the rate of 5 1/2oz in 3 gallons fuel oil per acre to prevent defoliation caused by Phastmatid Didymuria violescens. Spraying was conducted 250 feet above the ground.

February 1966: Proposal to spray 200 acres north east of Powelltown (Headwaters of the Ada River) with Malathion at the rate of 5 1/2oz in 3 gallons fuel oil per acre to prevent defoliation caused by Phastmatid Didymuria violescens. Spraying was conducted 250 feet above the ground.

1961 January: Nariel (Vic) Forests Commission aerial spraying Phasmatids. Pesticide: DDT

19/20 January 1961: [Forests Commission Experiment] Aerial application of 1 lb of DDT/1 gallon diesel fuel per acre, over 500 acres to control Phasmatids in the Nariel area (Myrrhee Sawmill Company's Logging Road), Corryong Forest District. (4 miles east of Nariel Upper and 40 miles from Corryong). [The aircraft failed to apply an even coverage]. Trial runs only using Diesel were conducted at Gembrook and Moorabbin in 1960.

19/20 January 1961: [Forests Commission Experiment] Aerial application of 1 lb of DDT/1 gallon diesel fuel per acre, over 500 acres to control Phasmatids in the Nariel area (Myrrhee Sawmill Company’s Logging Road), Corryong Forest District. (4 miles east of Nariel Upper and 40 miles from Corryong). [The aircraft failed to apply an even coverage]. Trial runs only using Diesel were conducted at Gembrook and Moorabbin in 1960.

1982: Lake Bullen Merri (Vic) Fish Kills. Pesticide 2,4-D.

Wildlife Research Management 1983

Information has been sought through the Secretary of the Australian Fisheries Council and the Secretary of CONCOM from all fish and wildlife agencies in Australia on incidents during the last 12 months where fish or wildlife are thought to have been effected adversely by the use or misuse of Agricultural chemicals.

(B) Reports effecting fish

7. Fisheries and Wildlife Division Victoria

The following fish kills have been reported:

(d) Lake Bullen Merri western districts - occasional fish kills over several years have been attributed (at least by some people) to spraying of 2,4-D around lake shores.

Wildlife Research Management 1983

Information has been sought through the Secretary of the Australian Fisheries Council and the Secretary of CONCOM from all fish and wildlife agencies in Australia on incidents during the last 12 months where fish or wildlife are thought to have been effected adversely by the use or misuse of Agricultural chemicals.

(B) Reports effecting fish

7. Fisheries and Wildlife Division Victoria

The following fish kills have been reported:

(d) Lake Bullen Merri western districts – occasional fish kills over several years have been attributed (at least by some people) to spraying of 2,4-D around lake shores.

1983: Timbarra River (Vic). Lower fish numbers. Pesticide: 2,4-D?

Wildlife Research Management 1983

Information has been sought through the Secretary of the Australian Fisheries Council and the Secretary of CONCOM from all fish and wildlife agencies in Australia on incidents during the last 12 months where fish or wildlife are thought to have been effected adversely by the use or misuse of Agricultural chemicals.

(B) Reports effecting fish

7. Fisheries and Wildlife Division Victoria

The following fish kills have been reported:

(c) Timbara River - scarcity of trout in lower areas claimed to be due to spraying 2,4-D to control blackberries. Survey showed healthy populations in forested area and much smaller populations in lower areas. Inconclusive results.

Wildlife Research Management 1983

Information has been sought through the Secretary of the Australian Fisheries Council and the Secretary of CONCOM from all fish and wildlife agencies in Australia on incidents during the last 12 months where fish or wildlife are thought to have been effected adversely by the use or misuse of Agricultural chemicals.

(B) Reports effecting fish

7. Fisheries and Wildlife Division Victoria

The following fish kills have been reported:

(c) Timbara River – scarcity of trout in lower areas claimed to be due to spraying 2,4-D to control blackberries. Survey showed healthy populations in forested area and much smaller populations in lower areas. Inconclusive results.

1983 January: Dairy Plains River (Tas) Fish Kill. Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

Wildlife Research Management 1983

Information has been sought through the Secretary of the Australian Fisheries Council and the Secretary of CONCOM from all fish and wildlife agencies in Australia on incidents during the last 12 months where fish or wildlife are thought to have been effected adversely by the use or misuse of Agricultural chemicals.

(B) Reports effecting fish

6. Inland Fisheries Commission Tasmania

Two fish kills reported as follows:

(b) January 1983 - Dairy Plains River - Trout Killed - associated with the use of chlorpyrifos in spraying barley.

Wildlife Research Management 1983

Information has been sought through the Secretary of the Australian Fisheries Council and the Secretary of CONCOM from all fish and wildlife agencies in Australia on incidents during the last 12 months where fish or wildlife are thought to have been effected adversely by the use or misuse of Agricultural chemicals.

(B) Reports effecting fish

6. Inland Fisheries Commission Tasmania

Two fish kills reported as follows:

(b) January 1983 – Dairy Plains River – Trout Killed – associated with the use of chlorpyrifos in spraying barley.

1982 December: Mersey River Tasmania Fish Kill. Pesticide: Mancozeb.

Wildlife Research Management 1983

Information has been sought through the Secretary of the Australian Fisheries Council and the Secretary of CONCOM from all fish and wildlife agencies in Australia on incidents during the last 12 months where fish or wildlife are thought to have been effected adversely by the use or misuse of Agricultural chemicals.

(B) Reports effecting fish

6. Inland Fisheries Commission Tasmania

Two fish kills reported as follows:

(a) December 1982 - Mersey River - Trout Killed - attributed to the use of Mancozeb in spraying potatoes.

Wildlife Research Management 1983

Information has been sought through the Secretary of the Australian Fisheries Council and the Secretary of CONCOM from all fish and wildlife agencies in Australia on incidents during the last 12 months where fish or wildlife are thought to have been effected adversely by the use or misuse of Agricultural chemicals.

(B) Reports effecting fish

6. Inland Fisheries Commission Tasmania

Two fish kills reported as follows:

(a) December 1982 – Mersey River – Trout Killed – attributed to the use of Mancozeb in spraying potatoes.

1983 January: Callide Creek Biloela (Qld). Fish Kill. Pesticide: Endosulfan.

Wildlife Research Management 1983

Information has been sought through the Secretary of the Australian Fisheries Council and the Secretary of CONCOM from all fish and wildlife agencies in Australia on incidents during the last 12 months where fish or wildlife are thought to have been effected adversely by the use or misuse of Agricultural chemicals.

(B) Reports effecting fish

Department of Primary Industry - Queensland

(d) January 1983 - small fish kill in Callide Creek, near Biloela, Cause inconclusive - possibly due to spraying of cotton with Endosulfan.

Wildlife Research Management 1983

Information has been sought through the Secretary of the Australian Fisheries Council and the Secretary of CONCOM from all fish and wildlife agencies in Australia on incidents during the last 12 months where fish or wildlife are thought to have been effected adversely by the use or misuse of Agricultural chemicals.

(B) Reports effecting fish

Department of Primary Industry – Queensland

(d) January 1983 – small fish kill in Callide Creek, near Biloela, Cause inconclusive – possibly due to spraying of cotton with Endosulfan.

1983 January: Maryborough Golf Club Fish Kill. Pesticide: Paraquat

Wildlife Research Management 1983

Information has been sought through the Secretary of the Australian Fisheries Council and the Secretary of CONCOM from all fish and wildlife agencies in Australia on incidents during the last 12 months where fish or wildlife are thought to have been effected adversely by the use or misuse of Agricultural chemicals.

(B) Reports effecting fish

Department of Primary Industry - Queensland

(c) January 1983 - small fish kill in an ornamental lake near the Maryborough Golf Club, resulting from spraying of hyacinth with Paraquat.

Wildlife Research Management 1983

Information has been sought through the Secretary of the Australian Fisheries Council and the Secretary of CONCOM from all fish and wildlife agencies in Australia on incidents during the last 12 months where fish or wildlife are thought to have been effected adversely by the use or misuse of Agricultural chemicals.

(B) Reports effecting fish

Department of Primary Industry – Queensland

(c) January 1983 – small fish kill in an ornamental lake near the Maryborough Golf Club, resulting from spraying of hyacinth with Paraquat.

1982 December: Mungindi (Qld) Large Fish Kill. Pesticide: Endosulfan

Wildlife Research Management 1983

Information has been sought through the Secretary of the Australian Fisheries Council and the Secretary of CONCOM from all fish and wildlife agencies in Australia on incidents during the last 12 months where fish or wildlife are thought to have been effected adversely by the use or misuse of Agricultural chemicals.

(B) Reports effecting fish

Department of Primary Industry - Queensland

(b) 25/26.12.82 - large fish kill at Mungindi, involving also a number of birds and a cow. Caused by spray drift from aerial spraying of cotton crops with Endosulfan.

Wildlife Research Management 1983

Information has been sought through the Secretary of the Australian Fisheries Council and the Secretary of CONCOM from all fish and wildlife agencies in Australia on incidents during the last 12 months where fish or wildlife are thought to have been effected adversely by the use or misuse of Agricultural chemicals.

(B) Reports effecting fish

Department of Primary Industry – Queensland

(b) 25/26.12.82 – large fish kill at Mungindi, involving also a number of birds and a cow. Caused by spray drift from aerial spraying of cotton crops with Endosulfan.

1983 February: Norman Creek (Qld) Fish Kill. Pesticide: Endrin

Wildlife Research Management 1983

Information has been sought through the Secretary of the Australian Fisheries Council and the Secretary of CONCOM from all fish and wildlife agencies in Australia on incidents during the last 12 months where fish or wildlife are thought to have been effected adversely by the use or misuse of Agricultural chemicals.

(B) Reports effecting fish

Department of Primary Industry - Queensland

(a) 18.2.83 - small fish kill in Norman Creek, Brisbane. Although Endrin was the chemical involved, the incident was an urban industrial accident.

Wildlife Research Management 1983

Information has been sought through the Secretary of the Australian Fisheries Council and the Secretary of CONCOM from all fish and wildlife agencies in Australia on incidents during the last 12 months where fish or wildlife are thought to have been effected adversely by the use or misuse of Agricultural chemicals.

(B) Reports effecting fish

Department of Primary Industry – Queensland

(a) 18.2.83 – small fish kill in Norman Creek, Brisbane. Although Endrin was the chemical involved, the incident was an urban industrial accident.

1983: Bacchus Marsh (Vic) Bee Hives Lost. Pesticide: Carbaryl

Wildlife Research Management 1983

Information has been sought through the Secretary of the Australian Fisheries Council and the Secretary of CONCOM from all fish and wildlife agencies in Australia on incidents during the last 12 months where fish or wildlife are thought to have been effected adversely by the use or misuse of Agricultural chemicals

8. Fisheries & Wildlife Division - Victoria

(b) 100 hives of bees were lost probably caused by drift of carbaryl from a nearby orchard.

His hives were placed along Long Forest Road near Bacchus Marsh to work the yellow box in the adjacent mallee forest. An orchardist on the south side of the Western Highway, several kilometres away down the valley was observed to be spraying the previous day.

Carbaryl is commonly used by orchardists to promote fruit drop, but the owner denied having used it, saying her intended to use in a few days time.

Carbaryl is extremely toxic to bees. Dead bees were analysed by the DAV laboratory as having 0.8 - 0.7 ppm carbaryl residue but no organochlorine and no organophosphate residues.

Wildlife Research Management 1983?

Information has been sought through the Secretary of the Australian Fisheries Council and the Secretary of CONCOM from all fish and wildlife agencies in Australia on incidents during the last 12 months where fish or wildlife are thought to have been effected adversely by the use or misuse of Agricultural chemicals

8. Fisheries & Wildlife Division – Victoria

(b) 100 hives of bees were lost probably caused by drift of carbaryl from a nearby orchard.

His hives were placed along Long Forest Road near Bacchus Marsh to work the yellow box in the adjacent mallee forest. An orchardist on the south side of the Western Highway, several kilometres away down the valley was observed to be spraying the previous day.

Carbaryl is commonly used by orchardists to promote fruit drop, but the owner denied having used it, saying her intended to use in a few days time.

Carbaryl is extremely toxic to bees. Dead bees were analysed by the DAV laboratory as having 0.8 – 0.7 ppm carbaryl residue but no organochlorine and no organophosphate residues.

1976 July: Concerns about spraying in Albert River catchment (Vic)

Fisheries and Wildlife Division
24/7/76

Dear ***

For some time I have been somewhat concerned regarding the use of some weedicides and or herbicides for the control of Ragwort, Blackberries and some of the native scrub species (Acacias Dogwoods, etc) within this district (the same situation would probably exist in other districts).

The Ragwort and Blackberries are being controlled because they are classified as Noxious Weeds and the scrub species are being sprayed because of the competition that they create with Pine Trees that have been planted by the Forest Commission and A.P.M.

My concern has been deepened following the visit of the Director with the Minister on the 25th of June when they inspected an area of the Albert River Valley where local landholders have for some time been complaining about the use and affects of some of these sprays and or preparations.

Although I am aware that there is a personality problem existing between some local officers of the Department and the landholders as well as some people, both Lands Department employees and the landholders themselves are possibly misusing these preparations. I still firmly believe that there is a great need to be concerned so far as the welfare of our fish and wildlife and their habitat is concerned.

It is my opinion that substantial and widespread damage is being done in this direction but unfortunately, I do not have any real evidence to substantiate this opinion. I have not had the time to question many people about this matter and if time did permit, I have the feeling that the only information that would be obtained by me, in the main, circumstantial rather than concrete and this type of information or evidence can be, only too easily, readily and conveniently, if need be, brushed aside.

I have heard comments passed that the Albert River Valley Group, ie, those people who have been complaining about and are affected by the effects of the spraying activities, are only radicals who are not conversant with what they are talking about. I do not believe this to be true as these are the people who are living in the area and they can see what is happening from day to day. Also their livelihood depends on it.

The spraying or control methods are carried out by several different methods:-

1. Aerial spraying by contractors - Ragwort and scrub species

2. Boom spraying by lands department and landholders - Ragwort.

3. Power jet spraying by lands department and landholders - Ragwort and blackberries.

4. Spot spraying with misters by lands department and landholders - Ragwort and blackberries.

5. Application of powders and or crystals by lands department and landholders - Ragwort.

If the affects of these activities could be controlled, then I do not think that the danger would be so great, but I am quite convinced that the spray cannot be controlled because of the drift factor.

Some of the observations that I have made are:-

1. Considerable numbers of young wattles and other native species have died (these are evident on hillsides and are in reasonably large numbers).

2. Eucalypts particularly in the Albert River Valley, do not appear healthy: ie; The foliage has a burnt appearance and dead branches are quite apparent.

3. Some eucalypts and other trees and plants are dead on one side and surviving (although not healthy) on the other. This has not been caused by fire.

4. Blackberries and native vegetation (tree ferns etc etc), adjacent to streams have been killed as a result of direct spraying.

5. Vegetation (algae etc) in some streams does not appear normal (in some places it is non existent).

I have also heard many comments and allegations made by quite a number of people who are concerned about this general practice and I have listed some of these comments and or allegations:-

1. One person claimed that she has not been able to grow tomatoes ever since she has lived in the area (some 14 years).

2. Another claims that a large number of her garden plants have been killed by spray drift.

3. Some people claim that the number of birds and koalas have largely disappeared from the area.

4. Fruit trees will not set fruit.

5. Cattle have been infertile some time after spraying has been carried out in this area.

6. Cattle have also aborted for no apparent reason.

7. Trees and plants have flowered out of season.

8. Abnormal growth on native trees and shrubs.

9. Numbers of native trees and plants which have been planted have been killed by spray drift.

10. The number of malformed babies born in the district has increased.

11. The productivity of the streams so far as fish are concerned has decreased - particularly in those areas of the streams which are accessible.

12. Cattle have died for no apparent reason, and so it goes on.

I would point out that I have not been able to investigate most of these claims and or allegations due to lack of time etc, and I have been somewhat reluctant to submit a report regarding them because I have no real evidence to offer but, to me, it appears as though something is very much amiss in this field and I also feel that a much closer look should be taken in this situation.

I believe that if these spraying operations are having an adverse effect on native vegetation, then this in itself suggests that the Wildlife is certainly being affected and if some of these other allegations (abortion, infertility etc) are well founded, then we may have real grounds to be very much concerned.

I have had discussions with three people in this area regarding this matter (Dr *** and Dr *** - both medical practitioners practising in Yarram and Dr Wilson Howwie - a Veterinary Surgeon in Yarram) and all three of these persons are very much concerned regarding the aspects of Human Health and Animal health. I believe that they are preparing submissions regarding this matter and I am hopeful that I will be able to obtain a copy of these submissions and if I do so I will immediately forward these on to you.

Yours respectfully

***

 

***

Fisheries and Wildlife Division
24/7/76

Dear ***

For some time I have been somewhat concerned regarding the use of some weedicides and or herbicides for the control of Ragwort, Blackberries and some of the native scrub species (Acacias Dogwoods, etc) within this district (the same situation would probably exist in other districts).

The Ragwort and Blackberries are being controlled because they are classified as Noxious Weeds and the scrub species are being sprayed because of the competition that they create with Pine Trees that have been planted by the Forest Commission and A.P.M.

My concern has been deepened following the visit of the Director with the Minister on the 25th of June when they inspected an area of the Albert River Valley where local landholders have for some time been complaining about the use and affects of some of these sprays and or preparations.

Although I am aware that there is a personality problem existing between some local officers of the Department and the landholders as well as some people, both Lands Department employees and the landholders themselves are possibly misusing these preparations. I still firmly believe that there is a great need to be concerned so far as the welfare of our fish and wildlife and their habitat is concerned.

It is my opinion that substantial and widespread damage is being done in this direction but unfortunately, I do not have any real evidence to substantiate this opinion. I have not had the time to question many people about this matter and if time did permit, I have the feeling that the only information that would be obtained by me, in the main, circumstantial rather than concrete and this type of information or evidence can be, only too easily, readily and conveniently, if need be, brushed aside.

I have heard comments passed that the Albert River Valley Group, ie, those people who have been complaining about and are affected by the effects of the spraying activities, are only radicals who are not conversant with what they are talking about. I do not believe this to be true as these are the people who are living in the area and they can see what is happening from day to day. Also their livelihood depends on it.

The spraying or control methods are carried out by several different methods:-

1. Aerial spraying by contractors – Ragwort and scrub species

2. Boom spraying by lands department and landholders – Ragwort.

3. Power jet spraying by lands department and landholders – Ragwort and blackberries.

4. Spot spraying with misters by lands department and landholders – Ragwort and blackberries.

5. Application of powders and or crystals by lands department and landholders – Ragwort.

If the affects of these activities could be controlled, then I do not think that the danger would be so great, but I am quite convinced that the spray cannot be controlled because of the drift factor.

Some of the observations that I have made are:-

1. Considerable numbers of young wattles and other native species have died (these are evident on hillsides and are in reasonably large numbers).

2. Eucalypts particularly in the Albert River Valley, do not appear healthy: ie; The foliage has a burnt appearance and dead branches are quite apparent.

3. Some eucalypts and other trees and plants are dead on one side and surviving (although not healthy) on the other. This has not been caused by fire.

4. Blackberries and native vegetation (tree ferns etc etc), adjacent to streams have been killed as a result of direct spraying.

5. Vegetation (algae etc) in some streams does not appear normal (in some places it is non existent).

I have also heard many comments and allegations made by quite a number of people who are concerned about this general practice and I have listed some of these comments and or allegations:-

1. One person claimed that she has not been able to grow tomatoes ever since she has lived in the area (some 14 years).

2. Another claims that a large number of her garden plants have been killed by spray drift.

3. Some people claim that the number of birds and koalas have largely disappeared from the area.

4. Fruit trees will not set fruit.

5. Cattle have been infertile some time after spraying has been carried out in this area.

6. Cattle have also aborted for no apparent reason.

7. Trees and plants have flowered out of season.

8. Abnormal growth on native trees and shrubs.

9. Numbers of native trees and plants which have been planted have been killed by spray drift.

10. The number of malformed babies born in the district has increased.

11. The productivity of the streams so far as fish are concerned has decreased – particularly in those areas of the streams which are accessible.

12. Cattle have died for no apparent reason, and so it goes on.

I would point out that I have not been able to investigate most of these claims and or allegations due to lack of time etc, and I have been somewhat reluctant to submit a report regarding them because I have no real evidence to offer but, to me, it appears as though something is very much amiss in this field and I also feel that a much closer look should be taken in this situation.

I believe that if these spraying operations are having an adverse effect on native vegetation, then this in itself suggests that the Wildlife is certainly being affected and if some of these other allegations (abortion, infertility etc) are well founded, then we may have real grounds to be very much concerned.

I have had discussions with three people in this area regarding this matter (Dr *** and Dr *** – both medical practitioners practising in Yarram and Dr Wilson Howwie – a Veterinary Surgeon in Yarram) and all three of these persons are very much concerned regarding the aspects of Human Health and Animal health. I believe that they are preparing submissions regarding this matter and I am hopeful that I will be able to obtain a copy of these submissions and if I do so I will immediately forward these on to you.

Yours respectfully

***

 

1979 January: Concerns about spraying Tarra River (Vic). Pesticide: Amitrole.

15 January 1979

Letter from Freshwater Fisheries (Concerns about Amitrole spraying)

Dear

Further to your enquiry as to the Division's attitude towards the use of "Amitrole" (3 amino 1-2-4 triazole) to eradicate blackberries from the margins of the Tarra River, I now advise that the Division would want to know a lot more about the proposal before making a definitive statement.

This compound is a known goitrogen (depresses thyroid activity) and its use in the USA is very restricted for that reason. In fact, the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission (on advice from the Health Department) does not use this material at all in Gippsland for the same reason, although it is used by the Commission in other parts of the State.

I understand that this compound may also have the potential to affect aquatic life, including fishes, at quite low levels (less than one part per million).

In view of the importance of the Tarra River for fisheries, for water supply, and in relation to Corner Inlet itself, the proposed use of this compound is a matter of some concern. In addition, I understand that the proponents of the eradication attempt are contemplating the use of heavy equipment along the stream margin, which may have important consequences for stream fauna and water productivity. As I am sure you are aware, there is general agreement amongst Government Agencies (confirmed by the Land Conservation Council in many instances) that the integrity of stream margins should be maintained wherever possible.

I would be grateful if you could relay to the people concerned the Division's view that, from what we know of the proposal, there are real grounds for concern about possible implications of the proposal in a number of areas. The Division would appreciate an opportunity to comment further on the matter in due course, especially when more detailed procedures are planned...

15 January 1979

Letter from Freshwater Fisheries (Concerns over Amitrole Spraying)

Dear

Further to your enquiry as to the Division’s attitude towards the use of “Amitrole” (3 amino 1-2-4 triazole) to eradicate blackberries from the margins of the Tarra River, I now advise that the Division would want to know a lot more about the proposal before making a definitive statement.

This compound is a known goitrogen (depresses thyroid activity) and its use in the USA is very restricted for that reason. In fact, the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission (on advice from the Health Department) does not use this material at all in Gippsland for the same reason, although it is used by the Commission in other parts of the State.

I understand that this compound may also have the potential to affect aquatic life, including fishes, at quite low levels (less than one part per million).

In view of the importance of the Tarra River for fisheries, for water supply, and in relation to Corner Inlet itself, the proposed use of this compound is a matter of some concern. In addition, I understand that the proponents of the eradication attempt are contemplating the use of heavy equipment along the stream margin, which may have important consequences for stream fauna and water productivity. As I am sure you are aware, there is general agreement amongst Government Agencies (confirmed by the Land Conservation Council in many instances) that the integrity of stream margins should be maintained wherever possible.

I would be grateful if you could relay to the people concerned the Division’s view that, from what we know of the proposal, there are real grounds for concern about possible implications of the proposal in a number of areas. The Division would appreciate an opportunity to comment further on the matter in due course, especially when more detailed procedures are planned…

1981 June: Tower Hill (Vic) Worker ill and others concerned about pesticides, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T.

Fisheries and Wildlife Division

1st June 1981

Use of 24D and 245T by Exempt Employees

Our exempt workers through the Leading Hand have expressed concern regarding our continued use of 24D and 245T necessary for weed control at Tower Hill and other reserves in South West Victoria.

Along with myself they were somewhat concerned at the flippant if not patronizing reference to the hazards of chemical weedicides at the safety seminar conducted at Port Campbell, 1st May 1981 by *** from the Ministry.

The essence of his remarks in response to a question were that if Senior Government Officials said these chemicals posed no threat, then workers could be assured they were right! I will not unnecessarily lengthen this note by detailing some of the disasters and tragic consequences of such unswerving blind faith in officialdom.

One of our employees strangly suspects that quite serious problems concerning back pain, vomiting and nausea are linked to chemical use particularly 24D and 245T as such symptoms are concurrent with chemical use.

Mr *** indicated in his response to a phone query on 28/5/81 that Divisional Policy was that these chemicals were safe to use when administered in accordance with manufacturers instructions.

The Australian Workers Union in similar vein advise their members to only use these chemicals with full protection, where immediate washing facilities are available and when favourable weather conditions prevail. It is worth noting that they are at present developing a policy which may lead to the re-introduction of a ban.

Achnowledging that as employees our workers cannot object to an instruction to use the chemical in accord with manufacturers instructions, the employees at Tower Hill through the Leading Hand have asked me to seek written explantation of Divisional Policy. As I am directly responsible for the supervision of these employees and share their concern I too would appreciate such direction.

I would be much happier if the Division adopted a policy using alternatives where possible despite increased costs.

Fisheries and Wildlife Division

1st June 1981

Use of 24D and 245T by Exempt Employees

Our exempt workers through the Leading Hand have expressed concern regarding our continued use of 24D and 245T necessary for weed control at Tower Hill and other reserves in South West Victoria.

Along with myself they were somewhat concerned at the flippant if not patronizing reference to the hazards of chemical weedicides at the safety seminar conducted at Port Campbell, 1st May 1981 by *** from the Ministry.

The essence of his remarks in response to a question were that if Senior Government Officials said these chemicals posed no threat, then workers could be assured they were right! I will not unnecessarily lengthen this note by detailing some of the disasters and tragic consequences of such unswerving blind faith in officialdom.

One of our employees strangly suspects that quite serious problems concerning back pain, vomiting and nausea are linked to chemical use particularly 24D and 245T as such symptoms are concurrent with chemical use.

Mr *** indicated in his response to a phone query on 28/5/81 that Divisional Policy was that these chemicals were safe to use when administered in accordance with manufacturers instructions.

The Australian Workers Union in similar vein advise their members to only use these chemicals with full protection, where immediate washing facilities are available and when favourable weather conditions prevail. It is worth noting that they are at present developing a policy which may lead to the re-introduction of a ban.

Achnowledging that as employees our workers cannot object to an instruction to use the chemical in accord with manufacturers instructions, the employees at Tower Hill through the Leading Hand have asked me to seek written explantation of Divisional Policy. As I am directly responsible for the supervision of these employees and share their concern I too would appreciate such direction.

I would be much happier if the Division adopted a policy using alternatives where possible despite increased costs.

1966 December: Rosebud Foreshore (Vic). Ground spraying for Mosquitos

Shire of Flinders

22nd May 1967

The Secretary, Commission of Public Health

Dear Sir,

There has been no aerial spraying for the control of flies, mosquitoes etc in the Shire of Flinders since 1st January 1966.

A section of the Foreshore at Rosebud was sprayed from ground level by Pest Control Association during December 1966.

Yours faithfully

*** Health Inspector

Shire of Flinders

22nd May 1967

The Secretary, Commission of Public Health

Dear Sir,

There has been no aerial spraying for the control of flies, mosquitoes etc in the Shire of Flinders since 1st January 1966.

A section of the Foreshore at Rosebud was sprayed from ground level by Pest Control Association during December 1966.

Yours faithfully

*** Health Inspector

1962 April: Merbein (Vic). Proposal to aerial spray to control Fruit Fly. Pesticides: DDT or Malathion

17/4/62

Aerial Spraying in Fruit Fly Area, Merbein

Commission:

The Chairman said the Department of Agriculture was anxious to carry out aerial spraying with either Malathion or DDT over and around the township of Merbein, which had a reticulated water supply.

The Chief Industrial Hygiene Officer believed that aerial spraying with these substances was carried out in America and he was satisfied that the health hazard would be minimal.

Before carrying out any such spraying the Department of Agriculture would write to the Health Department officially.

The Honourable the Minister has asked the Chairman to obtain the Commission's view on the proposal

It was resolved that the Honourable the Minister be informed that the Commission is of the opinion that provided suitable precautions are observed there is no risk of endangering human health by aerial spraying with DDT in areas at present infested with fruit fly.

17/4/62

Aerial Spraying in Fruit Fly Area, Merbein

Commission:

The Chairman said the Department of Agriculture was anxious to carry out aerial spraying with either Malathion or DDT over and around the township of Merbein, which had a reticulated water supply.

The Chief Industrial Hygiene Officer believed that aerial spraying with these substances was carried out in America and he was satisfied that the health hazard would be minimal.

Before carrying out any such spraying the Department of Agriculture would write to the Health Department officially.

The Honourable the Minister has asked the Chairman to obtain the Commission’s view on the proposal

It was resolved that the Honourable the Minister be informed that the Commission is of the opinion that provided suitable precautions are observed there is no risk of endangering human health by aerial spraying with DDT in areas at present infested with fruit fly.

1965 October: Yarram Caravan Park Aerial Spraying. Pesticides: DDT, Malathion

13th October 1965

... I contacted Mr *** by phone on 4/10/65 (Ballarat) and he stated that he had never done any spraying of seaside resorts.

He had been approached on several occasions, but after laying down certain conditions, such as complete evacuation of humans from the area, the enquiries had not been pursued...

On 13/10/1965, I rang Mr *** who stated that he would spray an average of about 100 acres per year which would be mainly for regular customers:

Seaspray foreshore area.
Latrobe Valley Water and Sewerage Board farming area (including about 12 houses)
Loch Sport (on edge of Lake Victoria)
Caravan Park at Yarram
Eagle Point Reserve (Shire of Bairnsdale).

He also does spraying of odd areas and the maximum acreage in any one year has been 400.

Camping areas would be sprayed about 1 week prior to Christmas when only a few people would be on the site.

Usually spraying is 2 pints of DDT to the acre and 2 ounces of Malathion.

He has also used Baytex

Chief Industrial Hygiene Officer.

13th October 1965

… I contacted Mr *** by phone on 4/10/65 (Ballarat) and he stated that he had never done any spraying of seaside resorts.

He had been approached on several occasions, but after laying down certain conditions, such as complete evacuation of humans from the area, the enquiries had not been pursued…

On 13/10/1965, I rang Mr *** who stated that he would spray an average of about 100 acres per year which would be mainly for regular customers:

Seaspray foreshore area.
Latrobe Valley Water and Sewerage Board farming area (including about 12 houses)
Loch Sport (on edge of Lake Victoria)
Caravan Park at Yarram
Eagle Point Reserve (Shire of Bairnsdale).

He also does spraying of odd areas and the maximum acreage in any one year has been 400.

Camping areas would be sprayed about 1 week prior to Christmas when only a few people would be on the site.

Usually spraying is 2 pints of DDT to the acre and 2 ounces of Malathion.

He has also used Baytex

Chief Industrial Hygiene Officer.

1965 October: Aerial Spraying Latrobe Valley Water and Sewerage Board farming area. Pesticides: DDT, Malathion

13th October 1965

... I contacted Mr *** by phone on 4/10/65 (Ballarat) and he stated that he had never done any spraying of seaside resorts.

He had been approached on several occasions, but after laying down certain conditions, such as complete evacuation of humans from the area, the enquiries had not been pursued...

On 13/10/1965, I rang Mr *** who stated that he would spray an average of about 100 acres per year which would be mainly for regular customers:

Seaspray foreshore area.
Latrobe Valley Water and Sewerage Board farming area (including about 12 houses)
Loch Sport (on edge of Lake Victoria)
Caravan Park at Yarram
Eagle Point Reserve (Shire of Bairnsdale).

He also does spraying of odd areas and the maximum acreage in any one year has been 400.

Camping areas would be sprayed about 1 week prior to Christmas when only a few people would be on the site.

Usually spraying is 2 pints of DDT to the acre and 2 ounces of Malathion.

He has also used Baytex

Chief Industrial Hygiene Officer.

13th October 1965

… I contacted Mr *** by phone on 4/10/65 (Ballarat) and he stated that he had never done any spraying of seaside resorts.

He had been approached on several occasions, but after laying down certain conditions, such as complete evacuation of humans from the area, the enquiries had not been pursued…

On 13/10/1965, I rang Mr *** who stated that he would spray an average of about 100 acres per year which would be mainly for regular customers:

Seaspray foreshore area.
Latrobe Valley Water and Sewerage Board farming area (including about 12 houses)
Loch Sport (on edge of Lake Victoria)
Caravan Park at Yarram
Eagle Point Reserve (Shire of Bairnsdale).

He also does spraying of odd areas and the maximum acreage in any one year has been 400.

Camping areas would be sprayed about 1 week prior to Christmas when only a few people would be on the site.

Usually spraying is 2 pints of DDT to the acre and 2 ounces of Malathion.

He has also used Baytex

Chief Industrial Hygiene Officer.

1965 October: Proposal to aerial spray 90 Mile Beach (Vic). Pesticide: Diazinon

21st October 1965

Letter from Health Inspector to Department of Health

Shire of Rosedale:

As you Department is aware, aerial spraying has been taking place prior to the Summer season at Seaspray and at Loch Sport when a mixture of D.D.T., Dieldrin, and Malathion was used at Seaspray and a proprietry line known as Bayter at Loch Sport.

Complaints have been received against this practice, stating that vegetable leaves were burnt by the spray, and that vegetables ready for picking were obviously contaminated, and that spray was entering water tanks.

Recently I have been approached by a chemical manufacturing firm whose representative is seeking a contract to supply a Diazinon based insecticide (NEDCID 20P) for aerial spraying of much of 90 mile beach including the resort subdivisions, areas of oil and gas exploration, and some off shore islands (outside of the shire I believe) and the representative is seeking my approval...

21st October 1965

Letter from Health Inspector to Department of Health

Shire of Rosedale:

As you Department is aware, aerial spraying has been taking place prior to the Summer season at Seaspray and at Loch Sport when a mixture of D.D.T., Dieldrin, and Malathion was used at Seaspray and a proprietry line known as Bayter at Loch Sport.

Complaints have been received against this practice, stating that vegetable leaves were burnt by the spray, and that vegetables ready for picking were obviously contaminated, and that spray was entering water tanks.

Recently I have been approached by a chemical manufacturing firm whose representative is seeking a contract to supply a Diazinon based insecticide (NEDCID 20P) for aerial spraying of much of 90 mile beach including the resort subdivisions, areas of oil and gas exploration, and some off shore islands (outside of the shire I believe) and the representative is seeking my approval…

1965: Loch Sport. Aerial Spraying Mosquito Control. Pesticides: DDT, Dieldrin, Malathion

21st October 1965

Letter from Health Inspector to Department of Health

Shire of Rosedale:

As you Department is aware, aerial spraying has been taking place prior to the Summer season at Seaspray and at Loch Sport when a mixture of D.D.T., Dieldrin, and Malathion was used at Seaspray and a proprietry line known as Bayter at Loch Sport.

Complaints have been received against this practice, stating that vegetable leaves were burnt by the spray, and that vegetables ready for picking were obviously contaminated, and that spray was entering water tanks.

Recently I have been approached by a chemical manufacturing firm whose representative is seeking a contract to supply a Diazinon based insecticide (NEDCID 20P) for aerial spraying of much of 90 mile beach including the resort subdivisions, areas of oil and gas exploration, and some off shore islands (outside of the shire I believe) and the representative is seeking my approval...

13th October 1965

... I contacted Mr *** by phone on 4/10/65 (Ballarat) and he stated that he had never done any spraying of seaside resorts.

He had been approached on several occasions, but after laying down certain conditions, such as complete evacuation of humans from the area, the enquiries had not been pursued...

On 13/10/1965, I rang Mr *** who stated that he would spray an average of about 100 acres per year which would be mainly for regular customers:

Seaspray foreshore area.
Latrobe Valley Water and Sewerage Board farming area (including about 12 houses)
Loch Sport (on edge of Lake Victoria)
Caravan Park at Yarram
Eagle Point Reserve (Shire of Bairnsdale).

He also does spraying of odd areas and the maximum acreage in any one year has been 400.

Camping areas would be sprayed about 1 week prior to Christmas when only a few people would be on the site.

Usually spraying is 2 pints of DDT to the acre and 2 ounces of Malathion.

He has also used Baytex

Chief Industrial Hygiene Officer.

21st October 1965

Letter from Health Inspector to Department of Health

Shire of Rosedale:

As you Department is aware, aerial spraying has been taking place prior to the Summer season at Seaspray and at Loch Sport when a mixture of D.D.T., Dieldrin, and Malathion was used at Seaspray and a proprietry line known as Bayter at Loch Sport.

Complaints have been received against this practice, stating that vegetable leaves were burnt by the spray, and that vegetables ready for picking were obviously contaminated, and that spray was entering water tanks.

Recently I have been approached by a chemical manufacturing firm whose representative is seeking a contract to supply a Diazinon based insecticide (NEDCID 20P) for aerial spraying of much of 90 mile beach including the resort subdivisions, areas of oil and gas exploration, and some off shore islands (outside of the shire I believe) and the representative is seeking my approval…

13th October 1965

… I contacted Mr *** by phone on 4/10/65 (Ballarat) and he stated that he had never done any spraying of seaside resorts.

He had been approached on several occasions, but after laying down certain conditions, such as complete evacuation of humans from the area, the enquiries had not been pursued…

On 13/10/1965, I rang Mr *** who stated that he would spray an average of about 100 acres per year which would be mainly for regular customers:

Seaspray foreshore area.
Latrobe Valley Water and Sewerage Board farming area (including about 12 houses)
Loch Sport (on edge of Lake Victoria)
Caravan Park at Yarram
Eagle Point Reserve (Shire of Bairnsdale).

He also does spraying of odd areas and the maximum acreage in any one year has been 400.

Camping areas would be sprayed about 1 week prior to Christmas when only a few people would be on the site.

Usually spraying is 2 pints of DDT to the acre and 2 ounces of Malathion.

He has also used Baytex

Chief Industrial Hygiene Officer.

1965: Maffra. The use of Dinoseb on pea crops. Related to Pentachlorphenol which killed people in Queensland pineapple and sugarcane crops

21 October, 1965

... Shire of Maffra:

There is considerable local discussion, not at this stage official, about the use of a spray for pea crops. The spray is known as D & BP, is applied from the ground by sprays, and by implication, its appears to be very pungent and great care is required in its application.

The Representatives of the company which supplies this spray told me that it is so toxic that a dog walking through a paddock two days after spraying died as a result.

Apparently it has a similar chemical formula to Mustard Gas and several have referred to feeling distressed when accidently inhaling it.

Under these circumstances it would seem advisable that there should be some local knowledge as to its constitution, toxicity, and if there is need for restricted use...

Health Inspector

29/11/65

Victorian Health Department Letter.

"... The spray for pea crops is D.N.B.P (dinitro butyl phenol) - common name Dinoseb.

This has a pharmacological action similar to dinitro-phenol which stimulates metabolism and causes poisoning by hyperthermis.

Substances in this group have caused quite a few fatalities in the U.K. where they have extensively been used as weedicides.

There has been no trouble reported so far in Australia from this group, probably because they have as yet had no extensive use.

21 October, 1965

… Shire of Maffra:

There is considerable local discussion, not at this stage official, about the use of a spray for pea crops. The spray is known as D & BP, is applied from the ground by sprays, and by implication, its appears to be very pungent and great care is required in its application.

The Representatives of the company which supplies this spray told me that it is so toxic that a dog walking through a paddock two days after spraying died as a result.

Apparently it has a similar chemical formula to Mustard Gas and several have referred to feeling distressed when accidently inhaling it.

Under these circumstances it would seem advisable that there should be some local knowledge as to its constitution, toxicity, and if there is need for restricted use…

Health Inspector

29/11/65

Victorian Health Department Letter.

“… The spray for pea crops is D.N.B.P (dinitro butyl phenol) – common name Dinoseb.

This has a pharmacological action similar to dinitro-phenol which stimulates metabolism and causes poisoning by hyperthermis.

Substances in this group have caused quite a few fatalities in the U.K. where they have extensively been used as weedicides.

There has been no trouble reported so far in Australia from this group, probably because they have as yet had no extensive use.

2015 April: Bright (Vic) Residents Protest Aerial Spraying. Pesticides: Glyphosate, Metsulfuron Methyl

Residents Spray Herbicide Use.

Border Mail April 15 2015

A PLAN to aerial spray pine plantations in the Alpine Shire with herbicides has residents worried about their health and safety.

Several Bright homeowners have received notices that Hancock Victoria Plantations will spray Roundup and Brushoff in the area from a helicopter.

Jayne Guiney, who lives close to a plantation, said she was concerned chemicals would be sprayed near her property.

“I don’t see why they can plant and harvest trees by hand, but not spray by hand,” she said.

“I have no idea what impact it could have on my property and the waterways.”
Wylde Wisley, 4, and Eliza Walker, 2, carry signs of protest. Picture: JOHN RUSSELL

Wylde Wisley, 4, and Eliza Walker, 2, carry signs of protest. Picture: JOHN RUSSELL

Hancock Plantations planned to spray at plantations in Ovens, Croppers Creek, Rose River, Porepunkah, Bright and Wandiligong from April 1 to April 10. Only those living within 200 metres of the plantation were notified.

The company said weather conditions had delayed spraying.

Company spokesman Lou Coutts said registered chemicals were used as directed by national authority, the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority. He said the company was using a helicopter due to the steep terrain.
See your ad here

“Helicopters have GPS navigation to ensure materials are deposited only where intended — inside the plantation boundary,” she said.

“The helicopter does not travel outside of our land with chemicals.”

“Operations stop if wind, humidity and temperature are outside specific parameters for the specific application type.

“The nozzles discharging materials create large droplets designed to be heavy and fall straight down, minimising drift.”

But while the company is meeting its legal requirements, residents yesterday called on it to take the moral high ground.

Alpine councillor Kate Farrell said, at the least, she wanted more people notified.

“There are pines within hundreds of metres of my house and, while they are doing nothing wrong legally, I would have liked them to take the ethical route when it comes to people’s health,” she said.

“They should have the sense to warn everybody, particularly when people with asthma live in this area,”

Residents have been campaigning against spraying on social media on the “Bright community aerial spraying concerns” Facebook page.

https://www.bordermail.com.au/story/3019812/residents-spray-herbicides-use/

Residents Spray Herbicide Use.

Border Mail April 15 2015

A PLAN to aerial spray pine plantations in the Alpine Shire with herbicides has residents worried about their health and safety.

Several Bright homeowners have received notices that Hancock Victoria Plantations will spray Roundup and Brushoff in the area from a helicopter.

Jayne Guiney, who lives close to a plantation, said she was concerned chemicals would be sprayed near her property.

“I don’t see why they can plant and harvest trees by hand, but not spray by hand,” she said.

“I have no idea what impact it could have on my property and the waterways.”
Wylde Wisley, 4, and Eliza Walker, 2, carry signs of protest. Picture: JOHN RUSSELL

Wylde Wisley, 4, and Eliza Walker, 2, carry signs of protest. Picture: JOHN RUSSELL

Hancock Plantations planned to spray at plantations in Ovens, Croppers Creek, Rose River, Porepunkah, Bright and Wandiligong from April 1 to April 10. Only those living within 200 metres of the plantation were notified.

The company said weather conditions had delayed spraying.

Company spokesman Lou Coutts said registered chemicals were used as directed by national authority, the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority. He said the company was using a helicopter due to the steep terrain.
See your ad here

“Helicopters have GPS navigation to ensure materials are deposited only where intended — inside the plantation boundary,” she said.

“The helicopter does not travel outside of our land with chemicals.”

“Operations stop if wind, humidity and temperature are outside specific parameters for the specific application type.

“The nozzles discharging materials create large droplets designed to be heavy and fall straight down, minimising drift.”

But while the company is meeting its legal requirements, residents yesterday called on it to take the moral high ground.

Alpine councillor Kate Farrell said, at the least, she wanted more people notified.

“There are pines within hundreds of metres of my house and, while they are doing nothing wrong legally, I would have liked them to take the ethical route when it comes to people’s health,” she said.

“They should have the sense to warn everybody, particularly when people with asthma live in this area,”

Residents have been campaigning against spraying on social media on the “Bright community aerial spraying concerns” Facebook page.

https://www.bordermail.com.au/story/3019812/residents-spray-herbicides-use/

1964 December – 1969 December: Seaspray Foreshore. Pesticides: Malathion, Fenthion, DDT, Dieldrin

Chief Health Officer

17/3/70 Pesticide Aerial Spraying (Mosquitos)

On 24 December 1969, I reported that pesticides had been dissemiated by aerial spraying at two resorts in the Eastern Health Area. These were as follows:

1. Eagle Point Camping Area and Paynesville foreshore: 48 acres using "Baytex" at a rate of 4 ounces to the acre. The spraying was carried out by *** Aviation of Benambra at the request of Bairnsdale Shire Council.

2. Seaspray Foreshore: Baytex 5 ounces plus Malathion 4 ounces to the acre. The operation was carried out by Farmair Pty Ltd of West Sale Drome at the request of the Seaspray Foreshore Committee.

It would appear that there is no control over such operations against what are merely nuisance insects. The Department of Agriculture has no powers under the Aerial Spraying Act, nor is it proper that it should interfere in what is a Health problem...

 

Aerial Spraying: Seaspray Camping Area.

Date of Spraying: 29/12/69
Time: 6.30am
Substance: Baylene 5 oz per acre, Malathion 4 ounces per acre
Volume per acre: 2 gallons
Reason for spraying: Mosquitos

 

Letter to Department of Health 1969

I further recommend that a letter be sent to the Director of Agriculture as follows:-

"Complaints have been made to this Department that aerial spraying operations against nuisance insects have been carried out recently at Seaspray in Rosedale Shire and Eagle Point in Bairnsdale Sire.

In the former case, the spraying was carried out during a 20 mph wind storm, with resultant dispersal of the spray throughout the township.

Indiscriminate spraying of this nature can lead to danger to human health, pollution of streams, lakes, water supplies and to the killing of beneficial and harmless insects, with resulting disturbance to the ecology of the area.

The Commission of Public Health would be pleased to know if permission for these spraying came from your department...

1967

Aerial Spraying

Shire of Rosedale.

Seaspray Foreshore Committee.
Location Seaspray
Area - at the rear of the Township. Area strictly limited.
Material used - 25% DDT Miscible Oil
Rate 1 1/2 pints in 100 gallons of water per acre.
This was brought to the notice of and approved by the Indepartmental Committee on Pesticides.

Gippsland Times. Monday Nov. 22, 1965

Rosedale Shire makes clear...

No responsibility taken for air spraying

No responsibility will be accepted by Rosedale Council as the result of aerial spraying.

Council will make this clear to the Seaspray Foreshore Management Committee.

It will also write to the Municipal Association.

Council stated this followed a letter from Mrs W.J. Macafarlane, Seaspray, protesting at aerial spraying over town.

She said that following spraying last year, vegetables were covered in a milky white substance.

Bird life was also killed.

Representation had been made to the committee without effect.

Had faults

Cr. R Gerrand agreed that while continued aerial spraying had its faults, spraying at Seaspray had done some good in regards to mosquitoes and flies.

21st October 1965

Letter from Health Inspector to Department of Health

Shire of Rosedale:

As you Department is aware, aerial spraying has been taking place prior to the Summer season at Seaspray and at Loch Sport when a mixture of D.D.T., Dieldrin, and Malathion was used at Seaspray and a proprietry line known as Bayter at Loch Sport.

Complaints have been received against this practice, stating that vegetable leaves were burnt by the spray, and that vegetables ready for picking were obviously contaminated, and that spray was entering water tanks.

Recently I have been approached by a chemical manufacturing firm whose representative is seeking a contract to supply a Diazinon based insecticide (NEDCID 20P) for aerial spraying of much of 90 mile beach including the resort subdivisions, areas of oil and gas exploration, and some off shore islands (outside of the shire I believe) and the representative is seeking my approval...

13th October 1965

... I contacted Mr *** by phone on 4/10/65 (Ballarat) and he stated that he had never done any spraying of seaside resorts.

He had been approached on several occasions, but after laying down certain conditions, such as complete evacuation of humans from the area, the enquiries had not been pursued...

On 13/10/1965, I rang Mr *** who stated that he would spray an average of about 100 acres per year which would be mainly for regular customers:

Seaspray foreshore area.
Latrobe Valley Water and Sewerage Board farming area (including about 12 houses)
Loch Sport (on edge of Lake Victoria)
Caravan Park at Yarram
Eagle Point Reserve (Shire of Bairnsdale).

He also does spraying of odd areas and the maximum acreage in any one year has been 400.

Camping areas would be sprayed about 1 week prior to Christmas when only a few people would be on the site.

Usually spraying is 2 pints of DDT to the acre and 2 ounces of Malathion.

He has also used Baytex

Chief Industrial Hygiene Officer.

Gippsland Times Thursday, September 9, 1965 - Page 3

Spray inquiry at Seaspray?

An investigation should be made into the toxic effects of aerial insect spray used at Seaspray's foreshore at Christmas.

Rosedale Shire council's health inspector, Mr Keity Roberts'said this at council's August meeting.

He was commenting on a Health Department letter requesting information about the spraying carried out without council's knowledge.

He believed the quantity of toxic chemical was "very small"but as he was not in a position to determine its effect, some investigation should be made.

"This recommendation is made in the belief that the type of insecticide at these concentrations will not be harmful but as a precautionary measure because roof catchment is used for water supplies."

Chief Health Officer

17/3/70 Pesticide Aerial Spraying (Mosquitos)

On 24 December 1969, I reported that pesticides had been dissemiated by aerial spraying at two resorts in the Eastern Health Area. These were as follows:

1. Eagle Point Camping Area and Paynesville foreshore: 48 acres using “Baytex” at a rate of 4 ounces to the acre. The spraying was carried out by *** Aviation of Benambra at the request of Bairnsdale Shire Council.

2. Seaspray Foreshore: Baytex 5 ounces plus Malathion 4 ounces to the acre. The operation was carried out by Farmair Pty Ltd of West Sale Drome at the request of the Seaspray Foreshore Committee.

It would appear that there is no control over such operations against what are merely nuisance insects. The Department of Agriculture has no powers under the Aerial Spraying Act, nor is it proper that it should interfere in what is a Health problem…

 

Aerial Spraying: Seaspray Camping Area.

Date of Spraying: 29/12/69
Time: 6.30am
Substance: Baylene 5 oz per acre, Malathion 4 ounces per acre
Volume per acre: 2 gallons
Reason for spraying: Mosquitos

Letter to Department of Health 1969

I further recommend that a letter be sent to the Director of Agriculture as follows:-

“Complaints have been made to this Department that aerial spraying operations against nuisance insects have been carried out recently at Seaspray in Rosedale Shire and Eagle Point in Bairnsdale Sire.

In the former case, the spraying was carried out during a 20 mph wind storm, with resultant dispersal of the spray throughout the township.

Indiscriminate spraying of this nature can lead to danger to human health, pollution of streams, lakes, water supplies and to the killing of beneficial and harmless insects, with resulting disturbance to the ecology of the area.

The Commission of Public Health would be pleased to know if permission for these spraying came from your department…
1967

Aerial Spraying

Shire of Rosedale.

Seaspray Foreshore Committee.
Location Seaspray
Area – at the rear of the Township. Area strictly limited.
Material used – 25% DDT Miscible Oil
Rate 1 1/2 pints in 100 gallons of water per acre.
This was brought to the notice of and approved by the Indepartmental Committee on Pesticides.

Gippsland Times. Monday Nov. 22, 1965

Rosedale Shire makes clear…

No responsibility taken for air spraying

No responsibility will be accepted by Rosedale Council as the result of aerial spraying.

Council will make this clear to the Seaspray Foreshore Management Committee.

It will also write to the Municipal Association.

Council stated this followed a letter from Mrs W.J. Macafarlane, Seaspray, protesting at aerial spraying over town.

She said that following spraying last year, vegetables were covered in a milky white substance.

Bird life was also killed.

Representation had been made to the committee without effect.

Had faults

Cr. R Gerrand agreed that while continued aerial spraying had its faults, spraying at Seaspray had done some good in regards to mosquitoes and flies.

21st October 1965

Letter from Health Inspector to Department of Health

Shire of Rosedale:

As you Department is aware, aerial spraying has been taking place prior to the Summer season at Seaspray and at Loch Sport when a mixture of D.D.T., Dieldrin, and Malathion was used at Seaspray and a proprietry line known as Bayter at Loch Sport.

Complaints have been received against this practice, stating that vegetable leaves were burnt by the spray, and that vegetables ready for picking were obviously contaminated, and that spray was entering water tanks.

Recently I have been approached by a chemical manufacturing firm whose representative is seeking a contract to supply a Diazinon based insecticide (NEDCID 20P) for aerial spraying of much of 90 mile beach including the resort subdivisions, areas of oil and gas exploration, and some off shore islands (outside of the shire I believe) and the representative is seeking my approval…

13th October 1965

… I contacted Mr *** by phone on 4/10/65 (Ballarat) and he stated that he had never done any spraying of seaside resorts.

He had been approached on several occasions, but after laying down certain conditions, such as complete evacuation of humans from the area, the enquiries had not been pursued…

On 13/10/1965, I rang Mr *** who stated that he would spray an average of about 100 acres per year which would be mainly for regular customers:

Seaspray foreshore area.
Latrobe Valley Water and Sewerage Board farming area (including about 12 houses)
Loch Sport (on edge of Lake Victoria)
Caravan Park at Yarram
Eagle Point Reserve (Shire of Bairnsdale).

He also does spraying of odd areas and the maximum acreage in any one year has been 400.

Camping areas would be sprayed about 1 week prior to Christmas when only a few people would be on the site.

Usually spraying is 2 pints of DDT to the acre and 2 ounces of Malathion.

He has also used Baytex

Chief Industrial Hygiene Officer.

Gippsland Times Thursday, September 9, 1965 – Page 3

Spray inquiry at Seaspray?

An investigation should be made into the toxic effects of aerial insect spray used at Seaspray’s foreshore at Christmas.

Rosedale Shire council’s health inspector, Mr Keity Roberts’said this at council’s August meeting.

He was commenting on a Health Department letter requesting information about the spraying carried out without council’s knowledge.

He believed the quantity of toxic chemical was “very small”but as he was not in a position to determine its effect, some investigation should be made.

“This recommendation is made in the belief that the type of insecticide at these concentrations will not be harmful but as a precautionary measure because roof catchment is used for water supplies.”

1967 – 1969 December: Eagle Point Paynesville (Vic). Aerial Spraying: Pesticide: Fenthion, Malathion, DDT

Chief Health Officer

17/3/70 Pesticide Aerial Spraying

On 24 December 1969, I reported that pesticides had been dissemiated by aerial spraying at two resorts in the Eastern Health Area. These were as follows:

1. Eagle Point Camping Area and Paynesville foreshore: 48 acres using "Baytex" at a rate of 4 ounces to the acre. The spraying was carried out by *** Aviation of Benambra at the request of Bairnsdale Shire Council.

2. Seaspray Foreshore: Baytex 5 ounces plus Malathion 4 ounces to the acre. The operation was carried out by Farmair Pty Ltd of West Sale Drome at the request of the Seaspray Foreshore Committee.

It would appear that there is no control over such operations against what are merely nuisance insects. The Department of Agriculture has no powers under the Aerial Spraying Act, nor is it proper that it should interfere in what is a Health problem...

Eagle Point Camping Area
Paynesville, Bairnsdale Shire.

Council have and will be again hiring the services of an aerial sprayer.
Substances Used.

Malathion, DDT, Baylene

Mr Street has objected to the Shire.

23.12.1969

 

1967

Aerial Spraying

Shire of Bairnsdale.

Location treated - at Payneseville and Eaglepoint.
Area - 87 acres
Material Used - Baytex
Rate per acre - 4 oz.
Total Quantity - 17 pints 8 oz.

Chief Health Officer

17/3/70 Pesticide Aerial Spraying

On 24 December 1969, I reported that pesticides had been dissemiated by aerial spraying at two resorts in the Eastern Health Area. These were as follows:

1. Eagle Point Camping Area and Paynesville foreshore: 48 acres using “Baytex” at a rate of 4 ounces to the acre. The spraying was carried out by *** Aviation of Benambra at the request of Bairnsdale Shire Council.

2. Seaspray Foreshore: Baytex 5 ounces plus Malathion 4 ounces to the acre. The operation was carried out by Farmair Pty Ltd of West Sale Drome at the request of the Seaspray Foreshore Committee.

It would appear that there is no control over such operations against what are merely nuisance insects. The Department of Agriculture has no powers under the Aerial Spraying Act, nor is it proper that it should interfere in what is a Health problem…

Eagle Point Camping Area
Paynesville, Bairnsdale Shire.

Council have and will be again hiring the services of an aerial sprayer.
Substances Used.

Malathion, DDT, Baylene

Mr Street has objected to the Shire.

23.12.1969

1967

Aerial Spraying

Shire of Bairnsdale.

Location treated – at Payneseville and Eaglepoint.
Area – 87 acres
Material Used – Baytex
Rate per acre – 4 oz.
Total Quantity – 17 pints 8 oz.

2015 January – April: Community Fights Plantation Aerial Spraying Bellingen (NSW).

Community fights chemical weed spraying in Gladstone state forest

April 7, 2015

It has been described as a laid-back, tree-fringed town with a community that prides itself on making a living out of organic farming and healthy lifestyles.

So when residents around Bellingen in the state’s north were told that the nearby Gladstone State forest was about to be aerially sprayed by the Forestry Corporation with a cocktail of chemical weed killers they reacted angrily and immediately mounted a campaign to stop it.

“We set up camps in the forest, on the helipad site and the entrance to the forest to run around-the-clock on-ground vigilance at all times,” said resident and No Spray No Way campaigner Susan Weil.

“Forestry Corporation was not allowed to conduct any aerial spraying while there werecommunity members in the forest and we took full advantage of this protocol,” Ms Weil told Fairfax Media.Trouble started with the announcement from the Forestry Corporation that an area that had become overrun with weeds after it was logged for hardwood was going to be sprayed from a helicopter to kill the weeds before a new plantation of timber was planted. Forestry Corporation said it was planning to mix four chemcials and herbicides: Glyphosate, Metsulfurin Methyl, Fluroxypyr and Simazine and the adjuvants Liaise and Pulse, to do the job.Ms Weil said the community wasconcerned the chemicals, all of which were on a priority spray drift list for review by the federal government’s Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority, would drift onto their properties and runoff into water system around the area, affecting residents, water quality, animals, including koalas and the environment.

“We are not going to wear it,” she said.

Greens MP David Shoebridge has slammed the aerial spraying as the “cheapest and nastiest” option for weed control.

Mr Shoebridge said it was made worse by Forestry Corporation’s “mass industrial logging programme, which leaves clear ground open for weeds to flourish”.

“Instead of implementing evidence based long-term weed management practice, we have seen Forestry Corporation opting for the aerial spraying of a chemical cocktail which will drift into houses, waterways and pollute the precious habitat,” he said.

Jo Immig, the co-ordinator of the National Toxics Network, said there had been no studies done on the effects of mixing the four chemicals together.

Ms Immig also said the chemical Simazine is known to linger in the environment, is a ground-water pollutant and is banned in Europe.

“The biggest problem is that the Bellingen area has a high rainfall and lots of waterways where the chemical pesticides could run into. Run-off is the key thing. It is crazy to do this, both  socially and environmentally.”

Chemical expert Dr Barry Noller from the Centre for Mine Land Rehabilitation at the University of Queensland said the chemicals all have relatively low toxicity to humans when taken individually.

“However mixtures of a range of compounds like these may give a higher response than the individual compounds. Although there is no advice given for the toxicity of such a mixture, it is unlikely to shown anything but minor toxicity to people,” he said.

He said that spray drift mightalso enter creeks but  would break down quickly.

A spokeswoman for Forestry Corporation said the spraying was on hold for the moment while they consult the community about other options.

https://www.stoptheaerialspray.org/?p=371

Community fights chemical weed spraying in Gladstone state forest

April 7, 2015

It has been described as a laid-back, tree-fringed town with a community that prides itself on making a living out of organic farming and healthy lifestyles.

So when residents around Bellingen in the state’s north were told that the nearby Gladstone State forest was about to be aerially sprayed by the Forestry Corporation with a cocktail of chemical weed killers they reacted angrily and immediately mounted a campaign to stop it.

“We set up camps in the forest, on the helipad site and the entrance to the forest to run around-the-clock on-ground vigilance at all times,” said resident and No Spray No Way campaigner Susan Weil.

“Forestry Corporation was not allowed to conduct any aerial spraying while there werecommunity members in the forest and we took full advantage of this protocol,” Ms Weil told Fairfax Media.Trouble started with the announcement from the Forestry Corporation that an area that had become overrun with weeds after it was logged for hardwood was going to be sprayed from a helicopter to kill the weeds before a new plantation of timber was planted. Forestry Corporation said it was planning to mix four chemcials and herbicides: Glyphosate, Metsulfurin Methyl, Fluroxypyr and Simazine and the adjuvants Liaise and Pulse, to do the job.Ms Weil said the community wasconcerned the chemicals, all of which were on a priority spray drift list for review by the federal government’s Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority, would drift onto their properties and runoff into water system around the area, affecting residents, water quality, animals, including koalas and the environment.“We are not going to wear it,” she said.Greens MP David Shoebridge has slammed the aerial spraying as the “cheapest and nastiest” option for weed control.

Mr Shoebridge said it was made worse by Forestry Corporation’s “mass industrial logging programme, which leaves clear ground open for weeds to flourish”.

“Instead of implementing evidence based long-term weed management practice, we have seen Forestry Corporation opting for the aerial spraying of a chemical cocktail which will drift into houses, waterways and pollute the precious habitat,” he said.

Jo Immig, the co-ordinator of the National Toxics Network, said there had been no studies done on the effects of mixing the four chemicals together.

Ms Immig also said the chemical Simazine is known to linger in the environment, is a ground-water pollutant and is banned in Europe.

“The biggest problem is that the Bellingen area has a high rainfall and lots of waterways where the chemical pesticides could run into. Run-off is the key thing. It is crazy to do this, both  socially and environmentally.”

Chemical expert Dr Barry Noller from the Centre for Mine Land Rehabilitation at the University of Queensland said the chemicals all have relatively low toxicity to humans when taken individually.

“However mixtures of a range of compounds like these may give a higher response than the individual compounds. Although there is no advice given for the toxicity of such a mixture, it is unlikely to shown anything but minor toxicity to people,” he said.

He said that spray drift might also enter creeks but  would break down quickly.

A spokeswoman for Forestry Corporation said the spraying was on hold for the moment while they consult the community about other options.

https://www.stoptheaerialspray.org/?p=371

2015 May: Kuranda State Forest cleared. Pesticides: Glyphosate, Fluroxypur

Friends of the Earth Kuranda

May 2015

Clear Felling and Aerial Spraying of Kuranda State Forest

The Department has informed FoE that HQ Plantations holds a 99 year licence for 4,200 hectares of Kuranda State Forest which is progressively clear felled and replanted with Caribbean pine.

The plantation says that they use helicopters to spray a mixture of glyphosate and fluroxypyr herbicide at the rate of 100 litres per hectare to kill any weeds or regrowth of the native vegetation.

Fluroxypyr is listed on the label as being highly toxic to freshwater fish and aquatic invertebrates and glyphosate has just been reclassified by the World Health Organisation a month ago as 'probably carcinogenic to humans' - based on the fact that it is found to be carcinogenic to animals.

The reclassification of glyphosate by the WHO is of great concern as the chemical runoff from the pine plantations goes into the Barron River which is used as Kuranda's town water supply.

Spray drift is also seen as a problem with the close proximity of homes and Kuranda town centre being just a few kilometres away.

The nature corridors that have been left along creeks and streams for the wildlife such as cassowaries are totally inadequate considering the aerial spraying.

The selling of this plantation licence as part of the Bligh government asset sales without proper consultation was clearly ill advised considering that the government now has to spend hundreds of millions of dollars to implement ways to reduce this type of agricultural and chemical runoff that is seriously damaging the reef.

FoE thinks it is time to call for an end to this type of industrial logging adjacent to the World Heritage Area which chnages diverse native forests into single species plantations - and especially if the wood is to be used for woodchips.

Friends of the Earth Kuranda

May 2015

Clear Felling and Aerial Spraying of Kuranda State Forest

The Department has informed FoE that HQ Plantations holds a 99 year licence for 4,200 hectares of Kuranda State Forest which is progressively clear felled and replanted with Caribbean pine.

The plantation says that they use helicopters to spray a mixture of glyphosate and fluroxypyr herbicide at the rate of 100 litres per hectare to kill any weeds or regrowth of the native vegetation.

Fluroxypyr is listed on the label as being highly toxic to freshwater fish and aquatic invertebrates and glyphosate has just been reclassified by the World Health Organisation a month ago as ‘probably carcinogenic to humans’ – based on the fact that it is found to be carcinogenic to animals.

The reclassification of glyphosate by the WHO is of great concern as the chemical runoff from the pine plantations goes into the Barron River which is used as Kuranda’s town water supply.

Spray drift is also seen as a problem with the close proximity of homes and Kuranda town centre being just a few kilometres away.

The nature corridors that have been left along creeks and streams for the wildlife such as cassowaries are totally inadequate considering the aerial spraying.

The selling of this plantation licence as part of the Bligh government asset sales without proper consultation was clearly ill advised considering that the government now has to spend hundreds of millions of dollars to implement ways to reduce this type of agricultural and chemical runoff that is seriously damaging the reef.

FoE thinks it is time to call for an end to this type of industrial logging adjacent to the World Heritage Area which chnages diverse native forests into single species plantations – and especially if the wood is to be used for woodchips.

1981 July: Bright/Wandiligong concerns over pine plantation aerial spraying. Pesticide: 2,4,5-T

Border Morning Mail
Wednesday, July 29, 1981

Mums run scared

Protest on use of 245T

Bright and Wandiligong residents are planning to serve the Victorian Forests Commission with an interim injunction.

The injunction will be a last minute bid to stop the spraying of the controversial herbicide 245T over the area's pine plantations.

Several pregnant women are preparing to leave the area if the spraying goes ahead.

But the Myrtleford district forester, Mr Bernie Evans, defended the proposed use of the herbicide and said the commission had no case to answer.

Mr Evans said 245T was the cheapest, safest and most effective way of eradicating woody weeds in pine plantations.

He confirmed that a helicopter and ground crew were standing by at a private airstrip near Myrtleford.

The secretary of the Wandiligong Preservation Committee, Mrs Coral Bennett, said she did not believe the spraying would have been made public if the news had not leaked out.

She said people who pumped water from creeks were worried about contaminated run-off.

Ïf there was nothing to fear from the spraying, the commission could have advertised it in the local paper," she said.

A Wandiligong woman, Mrs Marti Wesley, said yesterday she would leave town if the spraying went ahead.

Mrs Wesley said the spraying was a direct threat to the life of her unborn child.

"I know the links will take a long time to prove," she said.

"But I don't intend to stay around and let myself and my baby become statistics.

"I'll leave until I think it's safe to come back."

Unless the spraying is completed by July 31, it will have to be postponed until next year.

Residents of the Myrtleford-Bright-Wandiligong area discovered late last week that the Forests Commission planned to use the herbicide to eradicate silver wattle scattered throughout 1000ha of pine plantations close to the three towns.

A farmer who had been approached for permission to land a helicopter on his property rang and the ABC and the news was out.

The Forests Commission plan had been approved by the Victorian Poisons Review Committee.

But residents likely to be affected had apparently not yet been notified.

The first many heard of the plan was through a radio news bulletin.

Mrs Bennett said local people were worried about aerial spraying because there was no guarantee where it would go.

"As well as the potential effect on the living and unborn, we have to consider what effect spraying would have on our water and local crops such as apples and nuts," she said.

"We've has all sorts of assurances from the Forests Commission.

"But they mean nothing to us.

"In this weather, everything pours out of the hills and onto the creeks and that's where we all get our water from.

"I don't think they want to admit any link between 245T and birth defects - but that doesn't give them the excuse to use it.

"The people who make these decisions are unlikely to become pregnant."

Mrs Bennett said many people felt the commission just wanted a quick kill and was not concerned about possible consequences.

"I've never seen people so stirred up about an issue - everyone's talking about it," she said.

About 30 Bright and Wandiligong women met yesterday to consider their next step.

Many expressed fears about the effects on their water supply, which is pumped from creeks and into tanks.

And a group of residents has approached the Forests Commission to half the spraying until a series of questions could be answered.

They want a detailed scientific investigation into the program's possible effects.

Unless they receive an answer today, they will press ahead with plans to halt the spraying with a temporary injunction.

The member for Benambra, Mr Lieberman said he had conveyed concern to the Victorian Forests Minister, Mr Austin.

"I have been assured these expressions of concern will be carefully examined," he said.

"Mr Austin will make sure the full details of the spraying are made known.

"There will be no spraying on urban areas."

Mr Evans said the wattle had to be eradicated and 245T treatment would keep the plantations free for up to 30 years.

"Wattle and other plants can't coexist with pine without serious effects on our production," he said.

"If we didn't spray, we'd have to slash by hand, which would be both costly and ineffective.

"Correctly applied, the herbicide is completely safe for all."

Mr Evans said the herbicide would be applied at a rate of 1.1kg a he, which was 13 times less than the application of a combination of 24D and 245T during the Vietnam war.

During the war, the toxic dioxin content of the chemical could have been as high as 50ppm.

But in Victoria it had to be less than 0.1ppm.

He said the batch to be used in the area had been proved to contain less than 0.005ppm.

Under agreement with the Poisons Review Committee, the commission will be unable to spray herbicides after July 31, because it could then be hazardous to the district's main crop - tobacco.

Border Morning Mail
Wednesday, July 29, 1981

Mums run scared

Protest on use of 245T

Bright and Wandiligong residents are planning to serve the Victorian Forests Commission with an interim injunction.

The injunction will be a last minute bid to stop the spraying of the controversial herbicide 245T over the area’s pine plantations.

Several pregnant women are preparing to leave the area if the spraying goes ahead.

But the Myrtleford district forester, Mr Bernie Evans, defended the proposed use of the herbicide and said the commission had no case to answer.

Mr Evans said 245T was the cheapest, safest and most effective way of eradicating woody weeds in pine plantations.

He confirmed that a helicopter and ground crew were standing by at a private airstrip near Myrtleford.

The secretary of the Wandiligong Preservation Committee, Mrs Coral Bennett, said she did not believe the spraying would have been made public if the news had not leaked out.

She said people who pumped water from creeks were worried about contaminated run-off.

Ïf there was nothing to fear from the spraying, the commission could have advertised it in the local paper,” she said.

A Wandiligong woman, Mrs Marti Wesley, said yesterday she would leave town if the spraying went ahead.

Mrs Wesley said the spraying was a direct threat to the life of her unborn child.

“I know the links will take a long time to prove,” she said.

“But I don’t intend to stay around and let myself and my baby become statistics.

“I’ll leave until I think it’s safe to come back.”

Unless the spraying is completed by July 31, it will have to be postponed until next year.

Residents of the Myrtleford-Bright-Wandiligong area discovered late last week that the Forests Commission planned to use the herbicide to eradicate silver wattle scattered throughout 1000ha of pine plantations close to the three towns.

A farmer who had been approached for permission to land a helicopter on his property rang and the ABC and the news was out.

The Forests Commission plan had been approved by the Victorian Poisons Review Committee.

But residents likely to be affected had apparently not yet been notified.

The first many heard of the plan was through a radio news bulletin.

Mrs Bennett said local people were worried about aerial spraying because there was no guarantee where it would go.

“As well as the potential effect on the living and unborn, we have to consider what effect spraying would have on our water and local crops such as apples and nuts,” she said.

“We’ve has all sorts of assurances from the Forests Commission.

“But they mean nothing to us.

“In this weather, everything pours out of the hills and onto the creeks and that’s where we all get our water from.

“I don’t think they want to admit any link between 245T and birth defects – but that doesn’t give them the excuse to use it.

“The people who make these decisions are unlikely to become pregnant.”

Mrs Bennett said many people felt the commission just wanted a quick kill and was not concerned about possible consequences.

“I’ve never seen people so stirred up about an issue – everyone’s talking about it,” she said.

About 30 Bright and Wandiligong women met yesterday to consider their next step.

Many expressed fears about the effects on their water supply, which is pumped from creeks and into tanks.

And a group of residents has approached the Forests Commission to half the spraying until a series of questions could be answered.

They want a detailed scientific investigation into the program’s possible effects.

Unless they receive an answer today, they will press ahead with plans to halt the spraying with a temporary injunction.

The member for Benambra, Mr Lieberman said he had conveyed concern to the Victorian Forests Minister, Mr Austin.

“I have been assured these expressions of concern will be carefully examined,” he said.

“Mr Austin will make sure the full details of the spraying are made known.

“There will be no spraying on urban areas.”

Mr Evans said the wattle had to be eradicated and 245T treatment would keep the plantations free for up to 30 years.

“Wattle and other plants can’t coexist with pine without serious effects on our production,” he said.

“If we didn’t spray, we’d have to slash by hand, which would be both costly and ineffective.

“Correctly applied, the herbicide is completely safe for all.”

Mr Evans said the herbicide would be applied at a rate of 1.1kg a he, which was 13 times less than the application of a combination of 24D and 245T during the Vietnam war.

During the war, the toxic dioxin content of the chemical could have been as high as 50ppm.

But in Victoria it had to be less than 0.1ppm.

He said the batch to be used in the area had been proved to contain less than 0.005ppm.

Under agreement with the Poisons Review Committee, the commission will be unable to spray herbicides after July 31, because it could then be hazardous to the district’s main crop – tobacco.

1990’s: Gunnedah (NSW) 500 people report symptoms of spray drift.

Sydney, 21 June 1999

 

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE STANDING COMMITTEE ON STATE DEVELOPMENT INQUIRY INTO THE USE AND MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDES IN NEW SOUTH WALES

At Sydney on Monday 21 June 1999

 

The Hon. I. COHEN: In your report to this Committee you mentioned that

two people, one of whom is a Dr David Cook a local general practitioner in Gunnedah, stated that 500 people reported symptoms such as fatigue, headaches and gastro-intestinal upsets thought to be related to pesticides. The other person you mentioned was Mr Peter Clancy who reported that following aerial spraying on nearby cotton fields a large number of children suffered sores on exposed skin and were extremely fatigue d and lacked

concentration, and often had to be sent home. Has there been any further investigation into those specific matters? In the light of this type of information, which I understand has been repeated in many areas, do you have any opinion on how we should look at financial

liability, and how we prove these types of issues?

 

https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/committee.nsf/0/959661deae00f40aca256cf500149c9b/$FILE/transcript%20001.pdf

Sydney, 21 June 1999

 

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE STANDING COMMITTEE ON STATE DEVELOPMENT INQUIRY INTO THE USE AND MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDES IN NEW SOUTH WALES

At Sydney on Monday 21 June 1999

The Hon. I. COHEN: In your report to this Committee you mentioned that

two people, one of whom is a Dr David Cook a local general practitioner in Gunnedah,

stated that 500 people reported symptoms such as fatigue, headaches and gastro-intestinal

upsets thought to be related to pesticides. The other person you mentioned was Mr Peter

Clancy who reported that following aerial spraying on nearby cotton fields a large number

of children suffered sores on exposed skin and were extremely fatigue d and lacked

concentration, and often had to be sent home. Has there been any further investigation into

those specific matters? In the light of this type of information, which I understand has been

repeated in many areas, do you have any opinion on how we should look at financial

liability, and how we prove these types of issues?

 

https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/committee.nsf/0/959661deae00f40aca256cf500149c9b/$FILE/transcript%20001.pdf

1998: Gunnedah (NSW) enveloped by cloud of Curacron. (Profenofos)

Sydney, 21 June 1999

 

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE STANDING COMMITTEE ON STATE DEVELOPMENT INQUIRY INTO THE USE AND MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDES IN NEW SOUTH WALES

At Sydney on Monday 21 June 1999

 

p3 The last spray season was a disaster; cattle from New South Wales were contaminated with endosulfan, which threatened exports and led to the national registration authority introducing tough new controls on all cotton industries.

 

The town of Gunnedah was enveloped in a cloud of curacon, a cotton chemical. Community claims of illness were dismissed as psychosomatic.

 

... A plane crashed and spilled its load in Gunnedah.

https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/committee.nsf/0/959661deae00f40aca256cf500149c9b/$FILE/transcript%20001.pdf

Sydney, 21 June 1999

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE STANDING COMMITTEE ON STATE DEVELOPMENT INQUIRY INTO THE USE AND MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDES IN NEW SOUTH WALES

At Sydney on Monday 21 June 1999

p3 The last spray season was a disaster; cattle from New South Wales were contaminated with endosulfan, which threatened exports and led to the national registration authority

introducing tough new controls on all cotton industries.

The town of Gunnedah was enveloped in a cloud of curacon, a cotton chemical. Community claims of illness were dismissed as psychosomatic.

… A plane crashed and spilled its load in Gunnedah.

https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/committee.nsf/0/959661deae00f40aca256cf500149c9b/$FILE/transcript%20001.pdf

1996: The Pocket (NSW). Child’s birthday party sprayed: Pesticide: 2,4-D

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE STANDING COMMITTEE ON STATE DEVELOPMENT

INQUIRY INTO THE USE AND MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDES IN NEW SOUTH WALES

At Lismore on Wednesday 4 August 1999

 

p 328 Mrs VAIL:

 

Mr SCANLON: Yes. I would like to bring something to your attention, if I may, as an example of an incident that occurred in 1996. One Sunday afternoon in 1996, in an area known as The Pocket, which is located in the northern part of the Byron shire, parents and young children were exposed to spray drift as the landowner and his contractor sprayed the

pesticide 2,4-D in close proximity to a child’s third birthday party.

 

When approached by a concerned parent about what chemical he was using, the contractor responded by saying, “Hippy killer.” The Environment Protection Authority in this case successfully prosecuted the persons responsible. It is important to note that the contractor involved in this particular incident held a pesticide handler’s certificate.

 

CHAIRMAN: Are you saying that the Environment Protection Authority successfully prosecuted the persons responsible?

 

Mr SCANLON: Yes.

 

CHAIRMAN: We have been told that the Environment Protection Authority has successfully prosecuted only one person in the last 20 years. So that must be the person.

 

The Hon. I. COHEN: No. There was one in Dorrigo as well – and aerial sprayer in the Dorrigo area.

 

Mr SCANLON: May I expand on that by saying that if individuals are applying for such certificates, such as the pesticide handler’s certificate, then it is important that they be licensed. Let us be optimistic and say it is a one-off case where an individual may have been negligent, but the fact is that the frustration and concern of the parents of the children at that party was quite unnecessary.

 

CHAIRMAN: Was that 2,4D amine or ester?

 

Mr SCANLON: I think in this day it is amine.

 

https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/committee.nsf/0/959661deae00f40aca256cf500149c9b/$FILE/transcript%20004.pdf

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE STANDING COMMITTEE ON STATE DEVELOPMENT

INQUIRY INTO THE USE AND MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDES IN NEW SOUTH WALES

At Lismore on Wednesday 4 August 1999

p 328 Mrs VAIL:

Mr SCANLON: Yes. I would like to bring something to your attention, if I may, as

an example of an incident that occurred in 1996. One Sunday afternoon in 1996, in an area

known as The Pocket, which is located in the northern part of the Byron shire, parents and

young children were exposed to spray drift as the landowner and his contractor sprayed the

pesticide 2,4-D in close proximity to a child’s third birthday party.

When approached by a concerned parent about what chemical he was using, the

contractor responded by saying, “Hippy killer.” The Environment Protection Authority in

this case successfully prosecuted the persons responsible. It is important to note that the

contractor involved in this particular incident held a pesticide handler’s certificate.

CHAIRMAN: Are you saying that the Environment Protection Authority successfully prosecuted the persons responsible?

Mr SCANLON: Yes.

CHAIRMAN: We have been told that the Environment Protection Authority has

successfully prosecuted only one person in the last 20 years. So that must be the person.

The Hon. I. COHEN: No. There was one in Dorrigo as well – and aerial sprayer

in the Dorrigo area.

Mr SCANLON: May I expand on that by saying that if individuals are applying for such certificates, such as the pesticide handler’s certificate, then it is important that they be

licensed. Let us be optimistic and say it is a one-off case where an individual may have been

negligent, but the fact is that the frustration and concern of the parents of the children at that party was quite unnecessary.

CHAIRMAN: Was that 2,4D amine or ester?

Mr SCANLON: I think in this day it is amine.

 

https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/committee.nsf/0/959661deae00f40aca256cf500149c9b/$FILE/transcript%20004.pdf

1990’s: Bilambil (NSW). Banana Spray Drift.

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE STANDING COMMITTEE ON STATE DEVELOPMENT

INQUIRY INTO THE USE AND MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDES IN NEW SOUTH WALES

At Lismore on Wednesday 4 August 1999

 

p 319/320 Mrs VAIL:

 

The Hon. J. R. JOHNSON: Are there bananas at Yelgun, Billinudgel, Byron Bay and Stokers Siding?

 

Mrs VAIL: Yes.

 

The Hon. J. R. JOHNSON: Is there aerial spraying of those bananas?

 

Mrs VAIL: Yes.

 

The Hon. J. R. JOHNSON: Do you have complaints from that area to your body?

 

Mrs VAIL: Yes.

 

The Hon. J. R. JOHNSON: From all of those areas?

 

Mrs VAIL: Not the Stokers Siding area. I am not very familiar with Stokers Siding. I mean, I know Stokers Siding, but I am not very familiar with the topography there and where the bananas are there. I do know that the other place that they have a lot of trouble with is up on the Gold Coast, at Bilambil. A lot of them complain.

 

The Hon. J. R. JOHNSON: Bilambil is in New South Wales.

 

Mrs VAIL: Yes.

 

https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/committee.nsf/0/959661deae00f40aca256cf500149c9b/$FILE/transcript%20004.pdf

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE STANDING COMMITTEE ON STATE DEVELOPMENT

INQUIRY INTO THE USE AND MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDES IN NEW SOUTH WALES

At Lismore on Wednesday 4 August 1999

p 319/320 Mrs VAIL:

The Hon. J. R. JOHNSON: Are there bananas at Yelgun, Billinudgel, Byron Bay and Stokers Siding?

Mrs VAIL: Yes.

The Hon. J. R. JOHNSON: Is there aerial spraying of those bananas?

Mrs VAIL: Yes.

The Hon. J. R. JOHNSON: Do you have complaints from that area to your body?

Mrs VAIL: Yes.

The Hon. J. R. JOHNSON: From all of those areas?

Mrs VAIL: Not the Stokers Siding area. I am not very familiar with Stokers Siding. I mean, I know Stokers Siding, but I am not very familiar with the topography there and where

the bananas are there. I do know that the other place that they have a lot of trouble with is up on the Gold Coast, at Bilambil. A lot of them complain.

The Hon. J. R. JOHNSON: Bilambil is in New South Wales.

Mrs VAIL: Yes.

https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/committee.nsf/0/959661deae00f40aca256cf500149c9b/$FILE/transcript%20004.pdf

1990’s: Middle Pocket/Billinudgel/Yelgun area. Multiple Spray Drift Events

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE STANDING COMMITTEE ON STATE DEVELOPMENT

INQUIRY INTO THE USE AND MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDES IN NEW SOUTH WALES

At Lismore on Wednesday 4 August 1999

 

p 315 Mrs VAIL:

 

The other thing that is most important on this issue, particularly in the Middle Pocket area, is that since 1995, when the Carr Government came to office previously, we were promised many things, but since then there have been 17 unannounced aerial spraying incidents outside school bus hours in the Middle Pocket/ Billinudgel/Yelgun area. Despite mediation, we still do not know when this pilot is coming in.

 

There have been 28 unannounced aerial spraying incidents during school bus hours

that have been reported to the Environment Protection Authority and have been documented by the Environment Protection Authority. Despite 28 reported incidents, there have been no prosecutions at all. It is a case of business as usual. The children are still waiting on public roads for their school buses in the morning, and the pilot is still coming in despite pledges that he made to Ian Armstrong in 1991 that he would not spray while children were likely to be waiting at bus stops. He renewed that pledge with Ian Causley. Pam Allan, as Minister for the Environment, sent him a letter reminding him of his duty of care. The letter was sent to all aerial operators that they had a duty of care.

 

Despite all of this, the pilot is still coming in and spraying during school bus hours.

So, until we get the amendments in during the next parliamentary session, this will continue tohappen. Poison Watch, as a group, will not sit back for another season and watch our

children sprayed as they go to school.

 

https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/committee.nsf/0/959661deae00f40aca256cf500149c9b/$FILE/transcript%20004.pdf

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE STANDING COMMITTEE ON STATE DEVELOPMENT

INQUIRY INTO THE USE AND MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDES IN NEW SOUTH WALES

At Lismore on Wednesday 4 August 1999

p 315 Mrs VAIL:

The other thing that is most important on this issue, particularly in the Middle Pocket area, is that since 1995, when the Carr Government came to office previously, we were promised many things, but since then there have been 17 unannounced aerial spraying incidents outside school bus hours in the Middle Pocket/ Billinudgel/Yelgun area. Despite mediation, we still do not know when this pilot is coming in.

There have been 28 unannounced aerial spraying incidents during school bus hours

that have been reported to the Environment Protection Authority and have been documented by the Environment Protection Authority. Despite 28 reported incidents, there have been no prosecutions at all. It is a case of business as usual. The children are still waiting on public roads for their school buses in the morning, and the pilot is still coming in despite pledges that he made to Ian Armstrong in 1991 that he would not spray while children were likely to be waiting at bus stops. He renewed that pledge with Ian Causley. Pam Allan, as Minister for the Environment, sent him a letter reminding him of his duty of care. The letter was sent to all aerial operators that they had a duty of care.

Despite all of this, the pilot is still coming in and spraying during school bus hours.

So, until we get the amendments in during the next parliamentary session, this will continue tohappen. Poison Watch, as a group, will not sit back for another season and watch our

children sprayed as they go to school.

https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/committee.nsf/0/959661deae00f40aca256cf500149c9b/$FILE/transcript%20004.pdf

1993: North Ocean Shores (NSW). Wildlife killed. Pesticides: 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D

Hansard NSW Legislative Council 29th April 1993

 

NORTH OCEAN SHORES

The Hon. R. S. L. JONES [5.57]: North Ocean Shores is probably one of the most intensively studied development sites in Australia. It is located 40 kilometres north of Byron Bay. It comprises 850 hectares, situated mostly in the shire of Byron. Years of controversy culminated in an exhaustive public hearing presided over by Commissioner Simpson at Mullumbimby in 1990. He recommended that environmental protection zoning be put in place over most of the land because of its outstanding natural and cultural conservation value. Byron Shire Council planners then proceeded to prepare an appropriate local environment plan, but at the eleventh hour the newly elected group of Byron shire councillors used their majority to defer much of the elevated ridge country for reinvestigation. This has occurred on countless occasions....

Irresponsible pesticide use is also taking place - hormonal poisons such as 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T have been applied in North Ocean Shores up to and including 1985, with 2,4-D still being sprayed by air and being the subject of ground application. Dead wallabies, possums, lizards and birds - such as magpies and currawongs - have been viewed after such spraying operations over 15 years in North Ocean Shores. Dead koalas have also been located. This area should be protected.

https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/hansart.nsf/V3Key/LC19930429033

 

Hansard NSW Legislative Council 29th April 1993

NORTH OCEAN SHORES

The Hon. R. S. L. JONES [5.57]: North Ocean Shores is probably one of the most intensively studied development sites in Australia. It is located 40 kilometres north of Byron Bay. It comprises 850 hectares, situated mostly in the shire of Byron. Years of controversy culminated in an exhaustive public hearing presided over by Commissioner Simpson at Mullumbimby in 1990. He recommended that environmental protection zoning be put in place over most of the land because of its outstanding natural and cultural conservation value. Byron Shire Council planners then proceeded to prepare an appropriate local environment plan, but at the eleventh hour the newly elected group of Byron shire councillors used their majority to defer much of the elevated ridge country for reinvestigation. This has occurred on countless occasions….

Irresponsible pesticide use is also taking place – hormonal poisons such as 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T have been applied in North Ocean Shores up to and including 1985, with 2,4-D still being sprayed by air and being the subject of ground application. Dead wallabies, possums, lizards and birds – such as magpies and currawongs – have been viewed after such spraying operations over 15 years in North Ocean Shores. Dead koalas have also been located. This area should be protected.

https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/hansart.nsf/V3Key/LC19930429033

2011: Langthorne Creek (SA). Spray Drift

South Australian Wine Industry Association Incorporated

Newsletter 16 December 2011

Spray drift reporting

It was recently reported to SAWIA there had been some herbicide damage in Langhorne Creek, and the affected landholders were encouraged to report the incident.

South Australian Wine Industry Association Incorporated

Newsletter 16 December 2011

Spray drift reporting
It was recently reported to SAWIA there had been some herbicide damage in Langhorne Creek, and the affected landholders were encouraged to report the incident.

2002: Dwellingup State Forest. Removal of 25 pesticide drums. Pesticide: 2,4,5-T

Two projects in Western Australia and one in Victoria managed by GHD provide an illustration of this.

 

The firm is assisting with a large-scale cleanup of 2,4,5-T, a herbicide buried on State Forest land in Dwellingup, Western Australia, in the 1970s.

 

The Department of Conservation and Land Management has decided to remediate the site as a public and environmental safety measure. GHD was engaged to conduct geophysical

surveys and manage the remediation action plan.

 

Twenty-five drums were excavated and 1,500 litres of chemicals, including 2,4,5-T and dioxins, recovered.(The chemical 2,4,5-T was used by the department to spray weed species

competing with pine trees in plantations.)

 

Contaminated soils and drums have been removed and disposed of at certified facilities.

 

https://www.ghd.com/PDF/ghd116.pdf

Two projects in Western Australia and one in Victoria managed by GHD provide an illustration of this.

The firm is assisting with a large-scale cleanup of 2,4,5-T, a herbicide buried on State Forest land in Dwellingup, Western Australia, in the 1970s.

The Department of Conservation and Land Management has decided to remediate the site as a public and environmental safety measure. GHD was engaged to conduct geophysical

surveys and manage the remediation action plan.

Twenty-five drums were excavated and 1,500 litres of chemicals, including 2,4,5-T and dioxins, recovered.(The chemical 2,4,5-T was used by the department to spray weed species

competing with pine trees in plantations.)

Contaminated soils and drums have been removed and disposed of at certified facilities.

https://www.ghd.com/PDF/ghd116.pdf

1965: Jandowae (Qld) 2,4,5-T spraying Brigalow “Scrub”

Queensland Parliamentary Debates [Hansard] Legislative Assembly

TUESDAY, 23 NOVEMBER 1965

p1777

Some of the most difficult brigalow country anywhere in the State is to be found north of Jandowae, going towards Durong. It is very melon-holey. It was considered to be unsuitable for agriculture, although it is wonderful fattening country. With the clearing of the brigalow scrub, there was very heavy regrowth of brigalow. I should like now to pay a tribute to some

people who are doing a marvellous job in the development of this country. I refer to one gentleman who today is possibly nearing 80. He is Mr. ***, and he has done a remarkable job. He used the Sheiner Majestic plough, and, latterly, a Connor Shea twin-disc plough. He is getting rid of brigalow suckers and planting the land with lucerne, Rhodes grass, green panic, and similar grasses. The turn-off of fat cattle from that country is quite

remarkable.

 

The statement of the hon. member for Fassifern that spraying of brigalow suckers was not very successful brought to mind the work of Mr. ***'s daughter and her husband, Mr. andMrs. ***. This is being done in smaller areas, admittedly, but it boils down to the fact that a person has to be prepared to work hard to develop land. Mr. and Mrs. **** are

applying 2,4,5-T with a wetting agent, and they are applying it with a knapsack spray. I wastalking to *** recently and he told me that he has never had any difficulty in getting university students to come out there in their holidays. He pays them well and they are really prepared to work. In the hot weather they begin at 4 a.m. and work till 8 or 9, rest in the hot hours of the day, then go on again in the evening...

 

https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/hansard/1965/1965_11_23.pdf

 

Queensland Parliamentary Debates [Hansard] Legislative Assembly

TUESDAY, 23 NOVEMBER 1965

p1777

Some of the most difficult brigalow country anywhere in the State is to be found north of Jandowae, going towards Durong. It is very melon-holey. It was considered to be unsuitable

for agriculture, although it is wonderful fattening country. With the clearing of the brigalow

scrub, there was very heavy regrowth of brigalow. I should like now to pay a tribute to some

people who are doing a marvellous job in the development of this country. I refer to one

gentleman who today is possibly nearing 80. He is Mr. ***, and he has done a

remarkable job. He used the Sheiner Majestic plough, and, latterly, a Connor Shea twin-disc

plough. He is getting rid of brigalow suckers and planting the land with lucerne, Rhodes grass, green panic, and similar grasses. The turn-off of fat cattle from that country is quite

remarkable.

The statement of the hon. member for Fassifern that spraying of brigalow suckers was not

very successful brought to mind the work of Mr. ***’s daughter and her husband, Mr. and

Mrs. ***. This is being done in smaller areas, admittedly, but it boils down to the fact that a person has to be prepared to work hard to develop land. Mr. and Mrs. **** are

applying 2,4,5-T with a wetting agent, and they are applying it with a knapsack spray. I was

talking to *** recently and he told me that he has never had any difficulty in getting university students to come out there in their holidays. He pays them well and they

are really prepared to work. In the hot weather they begin at 4 a.m. and work till 8 or 9, rest

in the hot hours of the day, then go on again in the evening…

https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/hansard/1965/1965_11_23.pdf

1960’s: Mullewa – Geraldton Trainline. Flower death through spray drift.

Legislative Assembly (Western Australia)
Tuesday, the 8th September, 1970

Tuesday 8 September 1970

p628

For many years the area between Yandanooka. and Three Springs was considered to have the best show of double red everlasting flowers that could be seen anywhere. These were growing in great profusion along the railway line. I regret to say, however, that now it is not possible to find one everlasting flower in that area. This is all due to the fact that spraying
has been carried out for the control of different types of weeds.

The same thing has happened on the Mullewa-Geraldton railway line. The crop of everlastings along that railway line was the pride of the district, hut the flowers in this area have also been wiped out.

If a lot of spraying Is to be carried out, the Minister and his department
should be warned and should ensure that no more of our wildflowers are destroyed.

The Bill goes a long way towards further tightening up the Act, and this is
a step in the right direction.

However, I do not think the measure goes far enough in providing protection for our wild flowers in places such as Geraldton and the others I have mentioned.

Legislative Assembly (Western Australia)
Tuesday, the 8th September, 1970

Tuesday 8 September 1970

p628

For many years the area between Yandanooka. and Three Springs was considered to have the best show of double red everlasting flowers that could be seen anywhere. These were growing in great profusion along the railway line. I regret to say, however, that now it is not possible to find one everlasting flower in that area. This is all due to the fact that spraying
has been carried out for the control of different types of weeds.

The same thing has happened on the Mullewa-Geraldton railway line. The crop of everlastings along that railway line was the pride of the district, hut the flowers
in this area have also been wiped out.

If a lot of spraying Is to be carried out, the Minister and his department
should be warned and should ensure that no more of our wildflowers are destroyed.
The Bill goes a long way towards further tightening up the Act, and this is
a step in the right direction.

However, I do not think the measure goes far enough in providing protection for our wild flowers in places such as Geraldton and the others I have mentioned.

1960’s: Yandanooka – Three Springs Rail Line (WA). Spraydrift killed off Flowers

Legislative Assembly (Western Australia)
Tuesday, the 8th September, 1970

Tuesday 8 September 1970

p628

For many years the area between Yandanooka. and Three Springs was considered to have the best show of double red everlasting flowers that could be seen anywhere. These were growing in great profusion along the railway line. I regret to say, however, that now it is not possible to find one everlasting flower in that area. This is all due to the fact that spraying
has been carried out for the control of different types of weeds.

The same thing has happened on the Mullewa-Geraldton railway line. The crop of everlastings along that railway line was the pride of the district, hut the flowers in this area have also been wiped out.

If a lot of spraying Is to be carried out, the Minister and his department
should be warned and should ensure that no more of our wildflowers are destroyed.
The Bill goes a long way towards further tightening up the Act, and this is
a step in the right direction.

However, I do not think the measure goes far enough in providing protection for our wildflowersin places such as Geraldton and the others I have mentioned.

Legislative Assembly (Western Australia)
Tuesday, the 8th September, 1970

Tuesday 8 September 1970

p628

For many years the area between Yandanooka. and Three Springs was considered to have the best show of double red everlasting flowers that could be seen anywhere. These were growing in great profusion along the railway line. I regret to say, however, that now it is not possible to find one everlasting flower in that area. This is all due to the fact that spraying
has been carried out for the control of different types of weeds.

The same thing has happened on the Mullewa-Geraldton railway line. The crop of everlastings along that railway line was the pride of the district, hut the flowers
in this area have also been wiped out.

If a lot of spraying Is to be carried out, the Minister and his department
should be warned and should ensure that no more of our wildflowers are destroyed.
The Bill goes a long way towards further tightening up the Act, and this is
a step in the right direction.

However, I do not think the measure goes far enough in providing protection for our wildflowersin places such as Geraldton and the others I have mentioned.

1970: Utakarra (WA). Leaking Drum Kills Tomato Crops. Pesticide: 2,4-D Ester

Legislative Assembly (Western Australia)
Tuesday, the 8th September, 1970

Tuesday 8 September 1970

p628

There are other incidents which could be quoted in connection with this type of spraying. The member for Northern has quoted one-it probably came to his notice as a railwayman-which referred to a leaking drum of 2,4-D ester which was being carried by a train that had stopped to carry out the shunting of stock. Not very much of the spray leaked out of the drum, but it was enough to destroy an entire field of tomatoes at the Utakarra
siding.

This constitutes a warning to the people who are in control of spraying operationsand it indicates the dangers that exist, particularly when highly volatile aerial sprays are being used. As has been pointed out. 2,4-D ester and some of the other sprays are really quite lethal; a view with which I entirely agree.

Legislative Assembly (Western Australia)
Tuesday, the 8th September, 1970

Tuesday 8 September 1970

p628

There are other incidents which could be quoted in connection with this type of spraying. The member for Northern has quoted one-it probably came to his notice as a railwayman-which referred to a leaking drum of 2,4-D ester which was being carried by a train that had stopped to carry out the shunting of stock. Not very much of the spray leaked out of the drum, but it was enough to destroy an entire field of tomatoes at the Utakarra
siding.

This constitutes a warning to the people who are in control of spraying operations
and it indicates the dangers that exist, particularly when highly volatile aerial
sprays are being used. As has been pointed out. 2,4-D ester and some of the other
sprays are really quite lethal; a view with which I entirely agree.

1970: Waggrakine (WA). Peacrop destroyed by Spray Drift. Pesticide: 2,4-D

Legislative Assembly (Western Australia)
Tuesday, the 8th September, 1970

Tuesday 8 September 1970

p627/8

Prom the records of the Department of Agriculture it will be found that a garden of peas consisting of several acres in the Waggrakine area was completely wiped out. To appreciate the position fully one would need to have seen the garden in question both before and after the disaster. Only then would one be able to realise the danger that there Is in these volatile sprays.

When the matter was taken up with the departmental officers the only cause they could find for the burning out of these several acres of peas was the spray being used by farmers for the control of weeds in the Dongara area. The layman could be excused for wondering why this spray had missed other gardens while landing on this particular spot.

According to the departmental officers and I understand this is the correct explanation-the spray was held in suspense for several days and then, as was mentioned by the member for Gascoyne, the prevailing southerly wind caused it to drift towards the Waggrakine area from the Dongara wheatfields and It eventually landed on these several acres of peas
which were destroyed.

There are other incidents which could be quoted in connection with this type of spraying. The member for Northern has quoted one-it probably came to his notice as a railwayman-which referred to a leaking drum of 2,4-D ester which was being carried by a train that had stopped to carry out the shunting of stock. Not very much of the spray leaked out of the drum, but it was enough to destroy an entire field of tomatoes at the Utakarra siding.

This constitutes a warning to the people who are in control of spraying operations and it indicates the dangers that exist, particularly when highly volatile aerial sprays are being used. As has been pointed out. 2,4-D ester and some of the other sprays are really quite lethal; a view with which I entirely agree.

Legislative Assembly (Western Australia)
Tuesday, the 8th September, 1970

Tuesday 8 September 1970

p627/8

Prom the records of the Department of Agriculture it will be found that a garden
of peas consisting of several acres in the Waggrakine area was completely wiped
out. To appreciate the position fully one would need to have seen the garden in
question both before and after the disaster. Only then would one be able to
realise the danger that there Is in these volatile sprays.

When the matter was taken up with the departmental officers the only cause they
could find for the burning out of these several acres of peas was the spray being
used by farmers for the control of weeds in the Dongara area. The layman could
be excused for wondering why this spray had missed other gardens while landing
on this particular spot.

According to the departmental officers and I understand this is the correct explanation-
the spray was held in suspense for several days and then, as was mentioned by the member for Gascoyne, the prevailing southerly wind caused it to drift towards the Waggrakine area from the Dongara wheatfields and It eventually landed on these several acres of peas
which were destroyed.

There are other incidents which could be quoted in connection with this type of spraying. The member for Northern has quoted one-it probably came to his notice as a railwayman-which referred to a leaking drum of 2,4-D ester which was being carried by a train that had stopped to carry out the shunting of stock. Not very much of the spray leaked out of the drum, but it was enough to destroy an entire field of tomatoes at the Utakarra
siding.

This constitutes a warning to the people who are in control of spraying operations
and it indicates the dangers that exist, particularly when highly volatile aerial
sprays are being used. As has been pointed out. 2,4-D ester and some of the other
sprays are really quite lethal; a view with which I entirely agree.

1970: Dongara Area. Spray Drift. Pesticide: 2,4-D Ester

Legislative Assembly (Western Australia)
Tuesday, the 8th September, 1970

Tuesday 8 September 1970

p625/7

Mr. NORTON: The information I have given was passed to me by the member for Geraldton. I believe this information was gleaned after inquiries were made about spraying in the Dongara area, and after It was known that only one aircraft was operating for the spraying of 2.4-D ester. It was found that the crops in the area adjacent to Geraldton had been affected. No doubt the member for Geraldton will have something to say about this incident. It was also mentioned in this House in previous speeches. ..

There is another aspect that concerns me when there is a drift of volatile hormones. In the Greenough and Geraldton areas, in particular, the prevailing wind is a southerly or south-westerly, but In the morning there can be aL perfect calm. The spraying of a property could commence In the morning, but before it is completed the southerly wind could begin
to blow and a volatile hormone spray could drift many miles into an area when tomatoes and peas were being grown, and those crops are highly susceptible to hormone sprays.

Legislative Assembly (Western Australia)
Tuesday, the 8th September, 1970

Tuesday 8 September 1970

p625/7

Mr. NORTON: The information I have given was passed to me by the member for
Geraldton. I believe this information was gleaned after inquiries were made about
spraying in the Dongara area, and after It was known that only one aircraft was
operating for the spraying of 2.4-D ester. It was found that the crops in the area
adjacent to Geraldton had been affected. No doubt the member for Geraldton will
have something to say about this incident. It was also mentioned in this House in
previous speeches. ..

There is another aspect that concerns me when there is a drift of volatile hormones.
In the Greenough and Geraldton areas, in particular, the prevailing wind is a southerly or south-westerly, but In the morning there can be aL perfect calm. The spraying of a property could commence In the morning, but before it is completed the southerly wind could begin
to blow and a volatile hormone spray could drift many miles into an area when tomatoes and peas were being grown, and those crops are highly susceptible to hormone sprays.

1978 October: Geraldton (WA) Minister Hunt calls for a ban on 2,4-D Ester due to damage to Tomato Industry.

Legislative Assembly (Western Australia)
Tuesday, the 17th October, 1978

p3871

I also wish to refer to the health problems associated with 2,4-D. I am sure everyone is
familiar with the controversy which has raged far and wide as to whether the spray is safe or
dangerous. We have all heard of alleged problems concerning birth defects and so on. I will not enter that debate because I do not know enough about the subject and I do not know whether or not there is sufficient conclusive evidence on the subject. I am awaiting the results of inquiries such as the one being held in Victoria to see what information is brought forward.

However, there is sufficient suspicion for us to be concerned. None of us in this place would want to be associated with 2,4-D in any form if we knew it had deleterious effects on our health.

I want to make the point to the Minister for Health that most of the town of Geraldton has
been affected by the spray. Many rose gardens and backyard tomato bushes in the town have been affected. Some people have claimed that every rose and tomato garden is affected, but I do not believe that because I know of some which have not been affected.
There is substantial evidence to indicate that at least a considerable part of the town has been affected by 2,4-D of one strength or another....

Mr CARR: Government action is warranted on the subject. The Government should ban all
volatile esters and, in particular, it should specifically ban 2,4-D ester. I will not go further
and say it should ban 2,4-D amine because quite frankly I do not know enough about the extent of the damage it causes. It is clear that the 2,4-D ester goes everywhere and is most indiscriminate. There is a spray available which can be used with much greater safety. As I understand it, the amine spray drifts about the same distance water would drift, and once it settles it stays settled.

That would be a viable alternative to 2,4-D. I repeat that the Government should ban 2,4-D
ester throughout the State and in particular in regions anywhere at all close to tomato gardens or residential areas...

Legislative Assembly (Western Australia)
Tuesday, the 17th October, 1978

p3871

I also wish to refer to the health problems associated with 2,4-D. I am sure everyone is
familiar with the controversy which has raged far and wide as to whether the spray is safe or
dangerous. We have all heard of alleged problems concerning birth defects and so on. I will not enter that debate because I do not know enough about the subject and I do not know whether or not there is sufficient conclusive evidence on the subject. I am awaiting the results of inquiries such as the one being held in Victoria to see what information is brought forward.

However, there is sufficient suspicion for us to be concerned. None of us in this place would want to be associated with 2,4-D in any form if we knew it had deleterious effects on our health.

I want to make the point to the Minister for Health that most of the town of Geraldton has
been affected by the spray. Many rose gardens and backyard tomato bushes in the town have been affected. Some people have claimed that every rose and tomato garden is affected, but I do not believe that because I know of some which have not been affected.
There is substantial evidence to indicate that at least a considerable part of the town has been affected by 2,4-D of one strength or another….

Mr CARR: Government action is warranted on the subject. The Government should ban all
volatile esters and, in particular, it should specifically ban 2,4-D ester. I will not go further
and say it should ban 2,4-D amine because quite frankly I do not know enough about the extent of the damage it causes. It is clear that the 2,4-D ester goes everywhere and is most indiscriminate. There is a spray available which can be used with much greater safety. As I understand it, the amine spray drifts about the same distance water would drift, and once it settles it stays settled.

That would be a viable alternative to 2,4-D. I repeat that the Government should ban 2,4-D
ester throughout the State and in particular in regions anywhere at all close to tomato gardens or residential areas…

 

1978 October; Glenfield (WA). Tomato crop damage due to 2,4-D Ester Spray Drift.

Legislative Assembly (Western Australia)
Tuesday, the 17th October, 1978

p3867

MR CARR (Geraldton) [8.31 p.m.]: I would like to take this opportunity during the general
Budget debate to deal with three matters of concern to my electorate. The first concerns
damage done to tomato crops by the herbicide 2,4-D ester. This is a matter of very great concern to tomato growers in the Geraldton area; particularly this year, although it has been a problem for many years.

Members will be familiar with the publicity given recently to damage to tomato gardens. Last
night's issue of the Daily News carried the suggestion that the Government may be on the
verge of announcing an inquiry into the problem. I do not know whether that is true or not; I hope it is, but I would prefer to see the Government take far stronger action than that....

Various estimates have been made of the damage that has occurred to tomato crops this
year. Some people have suggested that 95 to 100 per cent of the crops have been affected. The

Geraldton Guardian of the 12th October gives three estimates of the damage. I quote as
follows-

A group of 10 tomato growers has written to the Guardian saying the damage to their
crops varies from 75 to 95 percent loss. And president of Geraldton-Greenough
Market Gardeners' Association, Mr John Moor estimated a loss of between 50 and 60
percent.

Geraldton Tomato Growers' Association president Mr John Dines, has given the most
conservative estimate 60 percent for all the crops in the Geraldton region. There may be some dispute as to the extent of the damage, but I suggest it is something like half or more of the crops in the Geraldton area....

Mr CARR: There is much for members to be interested in. I am pleased the Minister for
Agriculture is in the Chamber as the matter does concern him. I would like to compare the 2,4-D ester with the 2,4-D amine. There is a much more serious problem associated with the 2,4-D ester. The reason is that the ester drifts over tremendous distances and vaporises very easily. It can drift over distances of 40 miles. Farmers who are familiar with the smell of 2,4-D have reported smelling the spray on the Abroihos Islands. This illustrates the extent to which this spray can drift and cause trouble,..

The spray can hang in the air for periods of several days. Another problem is that after the
spray has settled on a crop, it can vaporise on a hot day and once it is in the air again it can be moved about by the wind. A farmer therefore can spray in apparent safety and the spray can settle on the crop but with the advent of hot weather the problem is reactivated when the spray vaporises...

Following previous problems a 19-kilometre restricted zone has been introduced around
Geraldton, from Mt. Scott, in which it is illegal to use 2,4-D ester. This zone is useless in fact when one considers the spray can drift over distances of 40 miles. Part of the zone boundary comes within six miles of Geraldton. The restricted zone covers a 19 kilometre radius from Geraldton, from the coast near the Duller River to the Midland railway line. Where it meets that line it takes off in a direction towards the mouth of the Greenough River. Anyone knowing anything of Geraldton will realise the area is subject to strong southerly winds which make this restricted zone quite ineffective.

Another danger is that this spray is so volatile. If the spray has been carried in a vehicle and that vehicle is brought into the town, the spray can be released in that town. In transferring the spray into a plane or boom spray unit, some of the spray can spill in the back of the vehicle used. When the vehicle is driven back to the town the spray can vaporise very easily and so cause problems.

It appears that rail trucks bring the spray into the Geraldton station. Whenever possible the rail trucks are inspected at the Walkaway Siding outside the 19-kilometre limit to ensure the
containers are not broken. I understand there was a case this year where a container of 2,4-D ester was found open when it arrived in Geraldton. The truck also included tomato dust and so one can guess the damage done to that....

It is written by Mr A. Haagensen, a Department of Agriculture adviser. It reads as follows-
I inspected tomato crops between Glenfield and Narngulu. Every crop I looked at showed
leaf damage typical of damage caused by hormone herbicides such as 2.4.D.
* Damage was seen as early as the I18th of August on ***'s Property and
damage has been seen on recent transplants at ***'s property. Because of the extensive area affected and the long period over which damage has developed it is my opinion that the hormone has come from outside the restricted spraying area.

That officer also wrote to a Mr *** as follows- I inspected your tomatoes at Utakarra on
September 34, 1978, the leaves and fruits I inspected showed damage typical of damage
caused by hormone herbicides such as 2.4.D. The loss will be considerable as flowers
have aborted and young fruits are distorted. It is possible that more than three quarters of
the production will be lost....

Legislative Assembly (Western Australia)
Tuesday, the 17th October, 1978

p3867

MR CARR (Geraldton) [8.31 p.m.]: I would like to take this opportunity during the general
Budget debate to deal with three matters of concern to my electorate. The first concerns
damage done to tomato crops by the herbicide 2,4-D ester. This is a matter of very great concern to tomato growers in the Geraldton area; particularly this year, although it has been a problem for many years.

Members will be familiar with the publicity given recently to damage to tomato gardens. Last
night’s issue of the Daily News carried the suggestion that the Government may be on the
verge of announcing an inquiry into the problem. I do not know whether that is true or not; I hope it is, but I would prefer to see the Government take far stronger action than that….

Various estimates have been made of the damage that has occurred to tomato crops this
year. Some people have suggested that 95 to 100 per cent of the crops have been affected. The

Geraldton Guardian of the 12th October gives three estimates of the damage. I quote as
follows-

A group of 10 tomato growers has written to the Guardian saying the damage to their
crops varies from 75 to 95 percent loss. And president of Geraldton-Greenough
Market Gardeners’ Association, Mr John Moor estimated a loss of between 50 and 60
percent.

Geraldton Tomato Growers’ Association president Mr John Dines, has given the most
conservative estimate 60 percent for all the crops in the Geraldton region. There may be some dispute as to the extent of the damage, but I suggest it is something like half or more of the crops in the Geraldton area….

Mr CARR: There is much for members to be interested in. I am pleased the Minister for
Agriculture is in the Chamber as the matter does concern him. I would like to compare the 2,4-D ester with the 2,4-D amine. There is a much more serious problem associated with the 2,4-D ester. The reason is that the ester drifts over tremendous distances and vaporises very easily. It can drift over distances of 40 miles. Farmers who are familiar with the smell of 2,4-D have reported smelling the spray on the Abroihos Islands. This illustrates the extent to which this spray can drift and cause trouble,..

The spray can hang in the air for periods of several days. Another problem is that after the
spray has settled on a crop, it can vaporise on a hot day and once it is in the air again it can be moved about by the wind. A farmer therefore can spray in apparent safety and the spray can settle on the crop but with the advent of hot weather the problem is reactivated when the spray vaporises…

Following previous problems a 19-kilometre restricted zone has been introduced around
Geraldton, from Mt. Scott, in which it is illegal to use 2,4-D ester. This zone is useless in fact when one considers the spray can drift over distances of 40 miles. Part of the zone boundary comes within six miles of Geraldton. The restricted zone covers a 19 kilometre radius from Geraldton, from the coast near the Duller River to the Midland railway line. Where it meets that line it takes off in a direction towards the mouth of the Greenough River. Anyone knowing anything of Geraldton will realise the area is subject to strong southerly winds which make this restricted zone quite ineffective.

Another danger is that this spray is so volatile. If the spray has been carried in a vehicle and that vehicle is brought into the town, the spray can be released in that town. In transferring the spray into a plane or boom spray unit, some of the spray can spill in the back of the vehicle used. When the vehicle is driven back to the town the spray can vaporise very easily and so cause problems.

It appears that rail trucks bring the spray into the Geraldton station. Whenever possible the rail trucks are inspected at the Walkaway Siding outside the 19-kilometre limit to ensure the
containers are not broken. I understand there was a case this year where a container of 2,4-D ester was found open when it arrived in Geraldton. The truck also included tomato dust and so one can guess the damage done to that….

It is written by Mr A. Haagensen, a Department of Agriculture adviser. It reads as follows-
I inspected tomato crops between Glenfield and Narngulu. Every crop I looked at showed
leaf damage typical of damage caused by hormone herbicides such as 2.4.D.
* Damage was seen as early as the I18th of August on ***’s Property and
damage has been seen on recent transplants at ***’s property. Because of the extensive area affected and the long period over which damage has developed it is my opinion that the hormone has come from outside the restricted spraying area.

That officer also wrote to a Mr *** as follows- I inspected your tomatoes at Utakarra on
September 34, 1978, the leaves and fruits I inspected showed damage typical of damage
caused by hormone herbicides such as 2.4.D. The loss will be considerable as flowers
have aborted and young fruits are distorted. It is possible that more than three quarters of
the production will be lost….

1978 October: Narngula (WA). Tomato Crop damage: Spray drift 2,4-D Ester.

Legislative Assembly (Western Australia)
Tuesday, the 17th October, 1978

p3867

MR CARR (Geraldton) [8.31 p.m.]: I would like to take this opportunity during the general
Budget debate to deal with three matters of concern to my electorate. The first concerns
damage done to tomato crops by the herbicide 2,4-D ester. This is a matter of very great concern to tomato growers in the Geraldton area; particularly this year, although it has been a problem for many years.

Members will be familiar with the publicity given recently to damage to tomato gardens. Last
night's issue of the Daily News carried the suggestion that the Government may be on the
verge of announcing an inquiry into the problem. I do not know whether that is true or not; I hope it is, but I would prefer to see the Government take far stronger action than that....

Various estimates have been made of the damage that has occurred to tomato crops this
year. Some people have suggested that 95 to 100 per cent of the crops have been affected. The

Geraldton Guardian of the 12th October gives three estimates of the damage. I quote as
follows-

A group of 10 tomato growers has written to the Guardian saying the damage to their
crops varies from 75 to 95 percent loss. And president of Geraldton-Greenough
Market Gardeners' Association, Mr John Moor estimated a loss of between 50 and 60
percent.

Geraldton Tomato Growers' Association president Mr John Dines, has given the most
conservative estimate 60 percent for all the crops in the Geraldton region. There may be some dispute as to the extent of the damage, but I suggest it is something like half or more of the crops in the Geraldton area....

Mr CARR: There is much for members to be interested in. I am pleased the Minister for
Agriculture is in the Chamber as the matter does concern him. I would like to compare the 2,4-D ester with the 2,4-D amine. There is a much more serious problem associated with the 2,4-D ester. The reason is that the ester drifts over tremendous distances and vaporises very easily. It can drift over distances of 40 miles. Farmers who are familiar with the smell of 2,4-D have reported smelling the spray on the Abroihos Islands. This illustrates the extent to which this spray can drift and cause trouble,..

The spray can hang in the air for periods of several days. Another problem is that after the
spray has settled on a crop, it can vaporise on a hot day and once it is in the air again it can be moved about by the wind. A farmer therefore can spray in apparent safety and the spray can settle on the crop but with the advent of hot weather the problem is reactivated when the spray vaporises...

Following previous problems a 19-kilometre restricted zone has been introduced around
Geraldton, from Mt. Scott, in which it is illegal to use 2,4-D ester. This zone is useless in fact when one considers the spray can drift over distances of 40 miles. Part of the zone boundary comes within six miles of Geraldton. The restricted zone covers a 19 kilometre radius from Geraldton, from the coast near the Duller River to the Midland railway line. Where it meets that line it takes off in a direction towards the mouth of the Greenough River. Anyone knowing anything of Geraldton will realise the area is subject to strong southerly winds which make this restricted zone quite ineffective.

Another danger is that this spray is so volatile. If the spray has been carried in a vehicle and that vehicle is brought into the town, the spray can be released in that town. In transferring the spray into a plane or boom spray unit, some of the spray can spill in the back of the vehicle used. When the vehicle is driven back to the town the spray can vaporise very easily and so cause problems.

It appears that rail trucks bring the spray into the Geraldton station. Whenever possible the rail trucks are inspected at the Walkaway Siding outside the 19-kilometre limit to ensure the
containers are not broken. I understand there was a case this year where a container of 2,4-D ester was found open when it arrived in Geraldton. The truck also included tomato dust and so one can guess the damage done to that....

It is written by Mr A. Haagensen, a Department of Agriculture adviser. It reads as follows-
I inspected tomato crops between Glenfield and Narngulu. Every crop I looked at showed
leaf damage typical of damage caused by hormone herbicides such as 2.4.D.
* Damage was seen as early as the I18th of August on ***'s Property and
damage has been seen on recent transplants at ***'s property. Because of the extensive area affected and the long period over which damage has developed it is my opinion that the hormone has come from outside the restricted spraying area.

That officer also wrote to a Mr *** as follows- I inspected your tomatoes at Utakarra on
September 34, 1978, the leaves and fruits I inspected showed damage typical of damage
caused by hormone herbicides such as 2.4.D. The loss will be considerable as flowers
have aborted and young fruits are distorted. It is possible that more than three quarters of
the production will be lost....

Legislative Assembly (Western Australia)
Tuesday, the 17th October, 1978

p3867

MR CARR (Geraldton) [8.31 p.m.]: I would like to take this opportunity during the general
Budget debate to deal with three matters of concern to my electorate. The first concerns
damage done to tomato crops by the herbicide 2,4-D ester. This is a matter of very great concern to tomato growers in the Geraldton area; particularly this year, although it has been a problem for many years.

Members will be familiar with the publicity given recently to damage to tomato gardens. Last
night’s issue of the Daily News carried the suggestion that the Government may be on the
verge of announcing an inquiry into the problem. I do not know whether that is true or not; I hope it is, but I would prefer to see the Government take far stronger action than that….

Various estimates have been made of the damage that has occurred to tomato crops this
year. Some people have suggested that 95 to 100 per cent of the crops have been affected. The

Geraldton Guardian of the 12th October gives three estimates of the damage. I quote as
follows-

A group of 10 tomato growers has written to the Guardian saying the damage to their
crops varies from 75 to 95 percent loss. And president of Geraldton-Greenough
Market Gardeners’ Association, Mr John Moor estimated a loss of between 50 and 60
percent.

Geraldton Tomato Growers’ Association president Mr John Dines, has given the most
conservative estimate 60 percent for all the crops in the Geraldton region. There may be some dispute as to the extent of the damage, but I suggest it is something like half or more of the crops in the Geraldton area….

Mr CARR: There is much for members to be interested in. I am pleased the Minister for
Agriculture is in the Chamber as the matter does concern him. I would like to compare the 2,4-D ester with the 2,4-D amine. There is a much more serious problem associated with the 2,4-D ester. The reason is that the ester drifts over tremendous distances and vaporises very easily. It can drift over distances of 40 miles. Farmers who are familiar with the smell of 2,4-D have reported smelling the spray on the Abroihos Islands. This illustrates the extent to which this spray can drift and cause trouble,..

The spray can hang in the air for periods of several days. Another problem is that after the
spray has settled on a crop, it can vaporise on a hot day and once it is in the air again it can be moved about by the wind. A farmer therefore can spray in apparent safety and the spray can settle on the crop but with the advent of hot weather the problem is reactivated when the spray vaporises…

Following previous problems a 19-kilometre restricted zone has been introduced around
Geraldton, from Mt. Scott, in which it is illegal to use 2,4-D ester. This zone is useless in fact when one considers the spray can drift over distances of 40 miles. Part of the zone boundary comes within six miles of Geraldton. The restricted zone covers a 19 kilometre radius from Geraldton, from the coast near the Duller River to the Midland railway line. Where it meets that line it takes off in a direction towards the mouth of the Greenough River. Anyone knowing anything of Geraldton will realise the area is subject to strong southerly winds which make this restricted zone quite ineffective.

Another danger is that this spray is so volatile. If the spray has been carried in a vehicle and that vehicle is brought into the town, the spray can be released in that town. In transferring the spray into a plane or boom spray unit, some of the spray can spill in the back of the vehicle used. When the vehicle is driven back to the town the spray can vaporise very easily and so cause problems.

It appears that rail trucks bring the spray into the Geraldton station. Whenever possible the rail trucks are inspected at the Walkaway Siding outside the 19-kilometre limit to ensure the
containers are not broken. I understand there was a case this year where a container of 2,4-D ester was found open when it arrived in Geraldton. The truck also included tomato dust and so one can guess the damage done to that….

It is written by Mr A. Haagensen, a Department of Agriculture adviser. It reads as follows-
I inspected tomato crops between Glenfield and Narngulu. Every crop I looked at showed
leaf damage typical of damage caused by hormone herbicides such as 2.4.D.
* Damage was seen as early as the I18th of August on ***’s Property and
damage has been seen on recent transplants at ***’s property. Because of the extensive area affected and the long period over which damage has developed it is my opinion that the hormone has come from outside the restricted spraying area.

That officer also wrote to a Mr *** as follows- I inspected your tomatoes at Utakarra on
September 34, 1978, the leaves and fruits I inspected showed damage typical of damage
caused by hormone herbicides such as 2.4.D. The loss will be considerable as flowers
have aborted and young fruits are distorted. It is possible that more than three quarters of
the production will be lost….

1978 October. Abrolhos Islands (WA) Spray Drift. Pesticide: 2,4-D

Legislative Assembly (Western Australia)
Tuesday, the 17th October, 1978

p3867

MR CARR (Geraldton) [8.31 p.m.]: I would like to take this opportunity during the general
Budget debate to deal with three matters of concern to my electorate. The first concerns
damage done to tomato crops by the herbicide 2,4-D ester. This is a matter of very great concern to tomato growers in the Geraldton area; particularly this year, although it has been a problem for many years.

Members will be familiar with the publicity given recently to damage to tomato gardens. Last
night's issue of the Daily News carried the suggestion that the Government may be on the
verge of announcing an inquiry into the problem. I do not know whether that is true or not; I hope it is, but I would prefer to see the Government take father stronger action than that....

Mr CARR: There is much for members to be interested in. I am pleased the Minister for
Agriculture is in the Chamber as the matter does concern him. I would like to compare the 2,4-D ester with the 2,4-D amine. There is a much more serious problem associated with the 2,4-D ester. The reason is that the ester drifts over tremendous distances and vaporises very easily. It can drift over distances of 40 miles. Farmers who are familiar with the smell of 2,4-D have reported smelling the spray on the Abroihos Islands. This illustrates the extent to which this spray can drift and cause trouble,

The spray can hang in the air for periods of several days. Another problem is that after the
spray has settled on a crop, it can vaporise on a hot day and once it is in the air again it can be moved about by the wind. A farmer therefore can spray in apparent safety and the spray can settle on the crop but with the advent of hot weather the problem is reactivated when the spray vaporises.

Legislative Assembly (Western Australia)
Tuesday, the 17th October, 1978

p3867

MR CARR (Geraldton) [8.31 p.m.]: I would like to take this opportunity during the general
Budget debate to deal with three matters of concern to my electorate. The first concerns
damage done to tomato crops by the herbicide 2,4-D ester. This is a matter of very great concern to tomato growers in the Geraldton area; particularly this year, although it has been a problem for many years.

Members will be familiar with the publicity given recently to damage to tomato gardens. Last
night’s issue of the Daily News carried the suggestion that the Government may be on the
verge of announcing an inquiry into the problem. I do not know whether that is true or not; I hope it is, but I would prefer to see the Government take father stronger action than that….

Mr CARR: There is much for members to be interested in. I am pleased the Minister for
Agriculture is in the Chamber as the matter does concern him. I would like to compare the 2,4-D ester with the 2,4-D amine. There is a much more serious problem associated with the 2,4-D ester. The reason is that the ester drifts over tremendous distances and vaporises very easily. It can drift over distances of 40 miles. Farmers who are familiar with the smell of 2,4-D have reported smelling the spray on the Abroihos Islands. This illustrates the extent to which this spray can drift and cause trouble,
The spray can hang in the air for periods of several days. Another problem is that after the
spray has settled on a crop, it can vaporise on a hot day and once it is in the air again it can be moved about by the wind. A farmer therefore can spray in apparent safety and the spray can settle on the crop but with the advent of hot weather the problem is reactivated when the spray vaporises.

 

2010’s?: Gin Gin (NSW). Bee Deaths Unspecified Neonicotinoids Suspected: Other Pesticides: Fipronil, Phenyl Pyrazole

p 13 "Several beekeepers working river gum sites on the Macquarie River at Warren and Gin Gin suffered severe bee losses due to cotton spray ‘drift’ on to hives. The cotton crops are seed treated with a neonicotinoid at planting which is highly systemic. The cotton plants were then sprayed with Fipronil and Phenyl pyrazole which are also highly systemic. I suspect that there was a high probability that the two chemicals have combined within the cotton plants to provide a perfect storm for a major loss of bees to all the beekeepers involved. The EPA and APVMA need to start somewhere with independent evaluation"

The Senate
Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport
References Committee
Future of the beekeeping and pollination service industries in Australia July 2014

p 13 “Several beekeepers working river gum sites on the Macquarie River at Warren and Gin Gin suffered severe bee losses due to cotton spray ‘drift’ on to hives. The cotton crops are seed treated with a neonicotinoid at planting which is highly systemic. The cotton plants were then sprayed with Fipronil and Phenyl pyrazole which are also highly systemic. I suspect that there was a high probability that the two chemicals have combined within the cotton plants to provide a perfect storm for a major loss of bees to all the beekeepers involved. The EPA and APVMA need to start somewhere with independent evaluation”

The Senate
Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport
References Committee
Future of the beekeeping and pollination service industries in Australia July 2014

2010’s?: Warren (NSW). Bee Losses Unspecified Neonicotinoids Suspected. Other Pesticides: Fipronil, Pyrazole

p 13 "Several beekeepers working river gum sites on the Macquarie River at Warren and Gin Gin suffered severe bee losses due to cotton spray ‘drift’ on to hives. The cotton crops are seed treated with a neonicotinoid at planting which is highly systemic. The cotton plants were then sprayed with Fipronil and Phenyl pyrazole which are also highly systemic. I suspect that there was a high probability that the two chemicals have combined within the cotton plants to provide a perfect storm for a major loss of bees to all the beekeepers involved. The EPA and APVMA need to start somewhere with independent evaluation"

The Senate
Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport
References Committee
Future of the beekeeping and pollination service industries in Australia July 2014

p 13 “Several beekeepers working river gum sites on the Macquarie River at Warren and Gin Gin suffered severe bee losses due to cotton spray ‘drift’ on to hives. The cotton crops are seed treated with a neonicotinoid at planting which is highly systemic. The cotton plants were then sprayed with Fipronil and Phenyl pyrazole which are also highly systemic. I suspect that there was a high probability that the two chemicals have combined within the cotton plants to provide a perfect storm for a major loss of bees to all the beekeepers involved. The EPA and APVMA need to start somewhere with independent evaluation”

The Senate
Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport
References Committee
Future of the beekeeping and pollination service industries in Australia July 2014

1968: Pinkenba (Qld) Spray drift from industrial plants

The Minister dealt with crop damage caused by spray drift.

 

I raised another matter with the Minister relating to damage caused to crops by hormone spray escaping from factories where the chemicals are manufactured.

 

Crops at Pinkenba and in the lower Nudgee area have been damaged by hormones from the chemical plants in the Hamilton area, but appraently farmers are not insured against the effects of hormones.

 

The trouble has been traced to the manufacturing plants at Pinkenba, and one plant has been found to be mainly responsible.

 

I asked the Minister to look into this matter and his inspectors investigated it from the point of view of drift from spraying operations,but that did not cause the trouble.

 

It is caused by the drift of hormones from the manufacturing plants.

 

p1165 Queensland Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Assembly Friday 1 November 1968

 

https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/hansard/1968/1968_11_01.pdf

The Minister dealt with crop damage caused by spray drift.

I raised another matter with the Minister relating to damage caused to crops by hormone spray escaping from factories where the chemicals are manufactured.

Crops at Pinkenba and in the lower Nudgee area have been damaged by hormones from the chemical plants in the Hamilton area, but appraently farmers are not insured against the effects of hormones.

The trouble has been traced to the manufacturing plants at Pinkenba, and one plant has been found to be mainly responsible.

I asked the Minister to look into this matter and his inspectors investigated it from the point of view of drift from spraying operations,but that did not cause the trouble.

It is caused by the drift of hormones from the manufacturing plants.

p1165 Queensland Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Assembly Friday 1 November 1968

https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/hansard/1968/1968_11_01.pdf

1964: Geraldton (WA). Spray drift losses to tomatoes. Pesticide: 2,4-D

Mr Sewell (Geraldton): "That leads me to refer to the position in which the growers in Geraidton found themselves in July or August last.

 

The loss which occurred in the tomato crop was very heavy, but the total has not yet been assessed, because the season has not been concluded.

 

Unfortunately the end is very near, and this resulted from the use of the insecticide 2,4-D.

 

Last Year the Singapore market took 38,000 cases of tomatoes from Geraldton. and that represented a handy source of income to the State, and particularly to the Geraldton district.

 

This yea rtha tmarket was supplied with 21,000 cases,be-cause the season closed much earlier,and that will probably result in the loss of some portion of the Singapore

market.That was caused by the trouble experienced in the use of herbicides."

 

p1436 Legislative Assembly Western Australia 13th October 1965.

 

https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/Hansard%5Chansard1870to1995.nsf/vwMainBackground/19651013_Assembly.pdf/$File/19651013_Assembly.pdf

Mr Sewell (Geraldton): “That leads me to refer to the position in which the growers in Geraidton found themselves in July or August last.

The loss which occurred in the tomato crop was very heavy, but the total has not yet been assessed, because the season has not been concluded.

Unfortunately the end is very near, and this resulted from the use of the insecticide 2,4-D.

Last Year the Singapore market took 38,000 cases of tomatoes from Geraldton. and that represented a handy source of income to the State, and particularly to the Geraldton district.

This yea rtha tmarket was supplied with 21,000 cases,be-cause the season closed much earlier,and that will probably result in the loss of some portion of the Singapore

market.That was caused by the trouble experienced in the use of herbicides.”

p1436 Legislative Assembly Western Australia 13th October 1965.

https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/Hansard%5Chansard1870to1995.nsf/vwMainBackground/19651013_Assembly.pdf/$File/19651013_Assembly.pdf

1958: Burdekin Region (Qld) Spray Drift

Prior to 1958 only two cases of crop damage, both in cotton, were reported in the Burdekin area following herbicide application by aircraft.

 

In 1958 and 1959, incidents involving damage through application of herbicides by aircraft in Queensland led to the appointment of a select committee to study the problem.

 

p1593 Agricultural Chemicals Distribution Control Bill

 

Hansard - Queensland Parliamentary Debates Legislative Assembly 11 November 1966

 

https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/hansard/1966/1966_11_11.pdf

Prior to 1958 only two cases of crop damage, both in cotton, were reported in the Burdekin area following herbicide application by aircraft.

In 1958 and 1959, incidents involving damage through application of herbicides by aircraft in Queensland led to the appointment of a select committee to study the problem.

p1593 Agricultural Chemicals Distribution Control Bill

Hansard – Queensland Parliamentary Debates Legislative Assembly 11 November 1966

https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/hansard/1966/1966_11_11.pdf

1960’s: Burke Street Ayr (Qld). Spray drift from cane fields.

Mr Coburn... In Burke Street Ayr ,there are about 30 homes behind which there are canefields.

 

The cane grows almost up to the back fences of these residences.

 

On many occasions I have seen planes flying low over the crop spraying it with poison, much of which must find its way into these homes.

 

The effect of this on the health of the occupants is hard to gauge. Sometimes they themselves do not know why they are feeling ill and do not attribute it to the spraying.

 

If they were injured, or even if death was caused by the spraying, under the Bill they would have no claim against the operator who did the spraying.

 

p1617 Agricultural Chemicals Distribution Control Bill

 

Hansard - Queensland Parliamentary Debates Legislative Assembly 11 November 1966

 

https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/hansard/1966/1966_11_11.pdf

Mr Coburn: …In Burke Street Ayr ,there are about 30 homes behind which there are canefields. The cane grows almost up to the back fences of these residences.

On many occasions I have seen planes flying low over the crop spraying it with poison, much of which must find its way into these homes.

The effect of this on the health of the occupants is hard to gauge. Sometimes they themselves do not know why they are feeling ill and do not attribute it to the spraying.

If they were injured, or even if death was caused by the spraying, under the Bill they would have no claim against the operator who did the spraying.

p1617 Agricultural Chemicals Distribution Control Bill

Hansard – Queensland Parliamentary Debates Legislative Assembly 11 November 1966

https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/hansard/1966/1966_11_11.pdf

1972 July: Toorbul (Qld). Widespread Spraydrift. Pesticides: 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D

Queensland Parliamentary Debates [Hansard] Legislative Assembly Thursday, 10 August 1972

p 104 Questions Upon Notice [10 August 1972]

Damage by Aerial Spraying, Pine Rivers, Caboolture and Landsborough Shires

Mr. Frawley, pursuant to notice, asked The Minister for Primary Industries, -

(1) Is he aware of the widespread damage in Redcliffe, Narangba, Deception Bay, Burpengary, Caboolture and Toorbul areas to the fruit and vegetable crops and beekeepers' apairies, believed to have been caused by aerial spraying of 2,4-D Amiene and 2,4,5-T Ester by Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd.?

(2) Are these hormone sprays being supplied to Cropair Aviation Ltd, by A.C.F. Austral Fertilizers Pty Ltd, the company which supplies fertilizers to the district's fruit and vegetable growers?

(3) As Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd has or intends to spread these dangerous hormone sprays over thousands of acres of land in Pine Rivers Shire, over the adjoining boundaries of the City of Redcliffe, what guarantees can he give that there will be no effects from it to thousands of residents living in these areas and to the wild life, both flora and fauna, and the fish and prawn-breeding areas of Deception Bay?

(4) Will he take immediate steps to have all operations stopped until all complaints have been investigated?

(5) Will he give his assurance that he will have the matter of misting machines and aeroplanes spreading hormones with in these
areas delayed until a thorough investigation has been made and will he also consider making it law that only after the issue of a permit by the local D.P.I. officer may any person be allowed to use hormone sprays?

Answers:-

( 1) "Crop damage in these areas has been reported to my Department but the extent of the damage and its cause has not yet been established. The possibility of the damage resulting from spraying operations, other than aerial spraying, cannot be ruled out. The Standards Branch of my Department has a number of complaints of damage under investigation."

(2) "My Department does not have direct knowledge of the supply of chemicals from one company to another. Our responsibility is to ensure that any chemical used is registered and is used according to directions."

(3) "When 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T are used in accordance with registered directions there is no danger to humans and   any effect on wild life and non-target flora would be minimal. Any such effects must be considered in relation to the necessity to control major weed pests."

(4) "An officer of Cropair Aviation Pty. Ltd. has advised my Department that no further aerial spraying will be under-taken in the area while investigations are under way."

(5) "Current legislation provides control over the operations of aerial agricultural pilots and weed control operators on the ground. It is considered that these controls are adequate."

Queensland Parliamentary Debates [Hansard] Legislative Assembly Thursday, 10 August 1972

p 104 Questions Upon Notice [10 August 1972]

Damage by Aerial Spraying, Pine Rivers, Caboolture and Landsborough Shires

Mr. Frawley, pursuant to notice, asked The Minister for Primary Industries, –

(1) Is he aware of the widespread damage in Redcliffe, Narangba, Deception Bay, Burpengary, Caboolture and Toorbul areas to the fruit and vegetable crops and beekeepers’ apairies, believed to have been caused by aerial spraying of 2,4-D Amiene and 2,4,5-T Ester by Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd.?

(2) Are these hormone sprays being supplied to Cropair Aviation Ltd, by A.C.F. Austral Fertilizers Pty Ltd, the company which supplies fertilizers to the district’s fruit and vegetable growers?

(3) As Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd has or intends to spread these dangerous hormone sprays over thousands of acres of land in Pine Rivers Shire, over the adjoining boundaries of the City of Redcliffe, what guarantees can he give that there will be no effects from it to thousands of residents living in these areas and to the wild life, both flora and fauna, and the fish and prawn-breeding areas of Deception Bay?

(4) Will he take immediate steps to have all operations stopped until all complaints have been investigated?

(5) Will he give his assurance that he will have the matter of misting machines and aeroplanes spreading hormones with in these
areas delayed until a thorough investigation has been made and will he also consider making it law that only after the issue of a permit by the local D.P.I. officer may any person be allowed to use hormone sprays?

Answers:-

( 1) “Crop damage in these areas has been reported to my Department but the extent of the damage and its cause has not yet been established. The possibility of the damage resulting from spraying operations, other than aerial spraying, cannot be ruled out. The Standards Branch of my Department has a number of complaints of damage under investigation.”

(2) “My Department does not have direct knowledge of the supply of chemicals from one company to another. Our responsibility is to ensure that any chemical used is registered and is used according to directions.”

(3) “When 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T are used in accordance with registered directions there is no danger to humans and   any effect on wild life and non-target flora would be minimal. Any such effects must be considered in relation to the necessity to control major weed pests.”

(4) “An officer of Cropair Aviation Pty. Ltd. has advised my Department that no further aerial spraying will be under-taken in the area while investigations are under way.”

(5) “Current legislation provides control over the operations of aerial agricultural pilots and weed control operators on the ground. It is considered that these controls are adequate.”

1972 July: Caboolture (Qld) Widespread Spraydrift. Pesticides: 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D

Queensland Parliamentary Debates [Hansard] Legislative Assembly Thursday, 10 August 1972

p 104 Questions Upon Notice [10 August 1972]

Damage by Aerial Spraying, Pine Rivers, Caboolture and Landsborough Shires

Mr. Frawley, pursuant to notice, asked The Minister for Primary Industries, -

(1) Is he aware of the widespread damage in Redcliffe, Narangba, Deception Bay, Burpengary, Caboolture and Toorbul areas to the fruit and vegetable crops and beekeepers' apairies, believed to have been caused by aerial spraying of 2,4-D Amiene and 2,4,5-T Ester by Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd.?

(2) Are these hormone sprays being supplied to Cropair Aviation Ltd, by A.C.F. Austral Fertilizers Pty Ltd, the company which supplies fertilizers to the district's fruit and vegetable growers?

(3) As Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd has or intends to spread these dangerous hormone sprays over thousands of acres of land in Pine Rivers Shire, over the adjoining boundaries of the City of Redcliffe, what guarantees can he give that there will be no effects from it to thousands of residents living in these areas and to the wild life, both flora and fauna, and the fish and prawn-breeding areas of Deception Bay?

(4) Will he take immediate steps to have all operations stopped until all complaints have been investigated?

(5) Will he give his assurance that he will have the matter of misting machines and aeroplanes spreading hormones with in these
areas delayed until a thorough investigation has been made and will he also consider making it law that only after the issue of a permit by the local D.P.I. officer may any person be allowed to use hormone sprays?

Answers:-

( 1) "Crop damage in these areas has been reported to my Department but the extent of the damage and its cause has not yet been established. The possibility of the damage resulting from spraying operations, other than aerial spraying, cannot be ruled out. The Standards Branch of my Department has a number of complaints of damage under investigation."

(2) "My Department does not have direct knowledge of the supply of chemicals from one company to another. Our responsibility is to ensure that any chemical used is registered and is used according to directions."

(3) "When 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T are used in accordance with registered directions there is no danger to humans and   any effect on wild life and non-target flora would be minimal. Any such effects must be considered in relation to the necessity to control major weed pests."

(4) "An officer of Cropair Aviation Pty. Ltd. has advised my Department that no further aerial spraying will be under-taken in the area while investigations are under way."

(5) "Current legislation provides control over the operations of aerial agricultural pilots and weed control operators on the ground. It is considered that these controls are adequate."

Queensland Parliamentary Debates [Hansard] Legislative Assembly Thursday, 10 August 1972

p 104 Questions Upon Notice [10 August 1972]

Damage by Aerial Spraying, Pine Rivers, Caboolture and Landsborough Shires

Mr. Frawley, pursuant to notice, asked The Minister for Primary Industries, –

(1) Is he aware of the widespread damage in Redcliffe, Narangba, Deception Bay, Burpengary, Caboolture and Toorbul areas to the fruit and vegetable crops and beekeepers’ apairies, believed to have been caused by aerial spraying of 2,4-D Amiene and 2,4,5-T Ester by Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd.?

(2) Are these hormone sprays being supplied to Cropair Aviation Ltd, by A.C.F. Austral Fertilizers Pty Ltd, the company which supplies fertilizers to the district’s fruit and vegetable growers?

(3) As Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd has or intends to spread these dangerous hormone sprays over thousands of acres of land in Pine Rivers Shire, over the adjoining boundaries of the City of Redcliffe, what guarantees can he give that there will be no effects from it to thousands of residents living in these areas and to the wild life, both flora and fauna, and the fish and prawn-breeding areas of Deception Bay?

(4) Will he take immediate steps to have all operations stopped until all complaints have been investigated?

(5) Will he give his assurance that he will have the matter of misting machines and aeroplanes spreading hormones with in these
areas delayed until a thorough investigation has been made and will he also consider making it law that only after the issue of a permit by the local D.P.I. officer may any person be allowed to use hormone sprays?

Answers:-

( 1) “Crop damage in these areas has been reported to my Department but the extent of the damage and its cause has not yet been established. The possibility of the damage resulting from spraying operations, other than aerial spraying, cannot be ruled out. The Standards Branch of my Department has a number of complaints of damage under investigation.”

(2) “My Department does not have direct knowledge of the supply of chemicals from one company to another. Our responsibility is to ensure that any chemical used is registered and is used according to directions.”

(3) “When 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T are used in accordance with registered directions there is no danger to humans and   any effect on wild life and non-target flora would be minimal. Any such effects must be considered in relation to the necessity to control major weed pests.”

(4) “An officer of Cropair Aviation Pty. Ltd. has advised my Department that no further aerial spraying will be under-taken in the area while investigations are under way.”

(5) “Current legislation provides control over the operations of aerial agricultural pilots and weed control operators on the ground. It is considered that these controls are adequate.”

1972 July: Burpengary (Qld) Widespread Spraydrift. Pesticides: 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D

Queensland Parliamentary Debates [Hansard] Legislative Assembly Thursday, 10 August 1972

p 104 Questions Upon Notice [10 August 1972]

Damage by Aerial Spraying, Pine Rivers, Caboolture and Landsborough Shires

Mr. Frawley, pursuant to notice, asked The Minister for Primary Industries, -

(1) Is he aware of the widespread damage in Redcliffe, Narangba, Deception Bay, Burpengary, Caboolture and Toorbul areas to the fruit and vegetable crops and beekeepers' apairies, believed to have been caused by aerial spraying of 2,4-D Amiene and 2,4,5-T Ester by Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd.?

(2) Are these hormone sprays being supplied to Cropair Aviation Ltd, by A.C.F. Austral Fertilizers Pty Ltd, the company which supplies fertilizers to the district's fruit and vegetable growers?

(3) As Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd has or intends to spread these dangerous hormone sprays over thousands of acres of land in Pine Rivers Shire, over the adjoining boundaries of the City of Redcliffe, what guarantees can he give that there will be no effects from it to thousands of residents living in these areas and to the wild life, both flora and fauna, and the fish and prawn-breeding areas of Deception Bay?

(4) Will he take immediate steps to have all operations stopped until all complaints have been investigated?

(5) Will he give his assurance that he will have the matter of misting machines and aeroplanes spreading hormones with in these
areas delayed until a thorough investigation has been made and will he also consider making it law that only after the issue of a permit by the local D.P.I. officer may any person be allowed to use hormone sprays?

Answers:-

( 1) "Crop damage in these areas has been reported to my Department but the extent of the damage and its cause has not yet been established. The possibility of the damage resulting from spraying operations, other than aerial spraying, cannot be ruled out. The Standards Branch of my Department has a number of complaints of damage under investigation."

(2) "My Department does not have direct knowledge of the supply of chemicals from one company to another. Our responsibility is to ensure that any chemical used is registered and is used according to directions."

(3) "When 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T are used in accordance with registered directions there is no danger to humans and   any effect on wild life and non-target flora would be minimal. Any such effects must be considered in relation to the necessity to control major weed pests."

(4) "An officer of Cropair Aviation Pty. Ltd. has advised my Department that no further aerial spraying will be under-taken in the area while investigations are under way."

(5) "Current legislation provides control over the operations of aerial agricultural pilots and weed control operators on the ground. It is considered that these controls are adequate."

Queensland Parliamentary Debates [Hansard] Legislative Assembly Thursday, 10 August 1972

p 104 Questions Upon Notice [10 August 1972]

Damage by Aerial Spraying, Pine Rivers, Caboolture and Landsborough Shires

Mr. Frawley, pursuant to notice, asked The Minister for Primary Industries, –

(1) Is he aware of the widespread damage in Redcliffe, Narangba, Deception Bay, Burpengary, Caboolture and Toorbul areas to the fruit and vegetable crops and beekeepers’ apairies, believed to have been caused by aerial spraying of 2,4-D Amiene and 2,4,5-T Ester by Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd.?

(2) Are these hormone sprays being supplied to Cropair Aviation Ltd, by A.C.F. Austral Fertilizers Pty Ltd, the company which supplies fertilizers to the district’s fruit and vegetable growers?

(3) As Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd has or intends to spread these dangerous hormone sprays over thousands of acres of land in Pine Rivers Shire, over the adjoining boundaries of the City of Redcliffe, what guarantees can he give that there will be no effects from it to thousands of residents living in these areas and to the wild life, both flora and fauna, and the fish and prawn-breeding areas of Deception Bay?

(4) Will he take immediate steps to have all operations stopped until all complaints have been investigated?

(5) Will he give his assurance that he will have the matter of misting machines and aeroplanes spreading hormones with in these
areas delayed until a thorough investigation has been made and will he also consider making it law that only after the issue of a permit by the local D.P.I. officer may any person be allowed to use hormone sprays?

Answers:-

( 1) “Crop damage in these areas has been reported to my Department but the extent of the damage and its cause has not yet been established. The possibility of the damage resulting from spraying operations, other than aerial spraying, cannot be ruled out. The Standards Branch of my Department has a number of complaints of damage under investigation.”

(2) “My Department does not have direct knowledge of the supply of chemicals from one company to another. Our responsibility is to ensure that any chemical used is registered and is used according to directions.”

(3) “When 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T are used in accordance with registered directions there is no danger to humans and   any effect on wild life and non-target flora would be minimal. Any such effects must be considered in relation to the necessity to control major weed pests.”

(4) “An officer of Cropair Aviation Pty. Ltd. has advised my Department that no further aerial spraying will be under-taken in the area while investigations are under way.”

(5) “Current legislation provides control over the operations of aerial agricultural pilots and weed control operators on the ground. It is considered that these controls are adequate.”

1972 July: Deception Bay (Qld) Widespread Spray Drift. Pesticides: 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T

Queensland Parliamentary Debates [Hansard] Legislative Assembly Thursday, 10 August 1972

p 104 Questions Upon Notice [10 August 1972]

Damage by Aerial Spraying, Pine Rivers, Caboolture and Landsborough Shires

Mr. Frawley, pursuant to notice, asked The Minister for Primary Industries, -

(1) Is he aware of the widespread damage in Redcliffe, Narangba, Deception Bay, Burpengary, Caboolture and Toorbul areas to the fruit and vegetable crops and beekeepers' apairies, believed to have been caused by aerial spraying of 2,4-D Amiene and 2,4,5-T Ester by Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd.?

(2) Are these hormone sprays being supplied to Cropair Aviation Ltd, by A.C.F. Austral Fertilizers Pty Ltd, the company which supplies fertilizers to the district's fruit and vegetable growers?

(3) As Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd has or intends to spread these dangerous hormone sprays over thousands of acres of land in Pine Rivers Shire, over the adjoining boundaries of the City of Redcliffe, what guarantees can he give that there will be no effects from it to thousands of residents living in these areas and to the wild life, both flora and fauna, and the fish and prawn-breeding areas of Deception Bay?

(4) Will he take immediate steps to have all operations stopped until all complaints have been investigated?

(5) Will he give his assurance that he will have the matter of misting machines and aeroplanes spreading hormones with in these
areas delayed until a thorough investigation has been made and will he also consider making it law that only after the issue of a permit by the local D.P.I. officer may any person be allowed to use hormone sprays?

Answers:-

( 1) "Crop damage in these areas has been reported to my Department but the extent of the damage and its cause has not yet been established. The possibility of the damage resulting from spraying operations, other than aerial spraying, cannot be ruled out. The Standards Branch of my Department has a number of complaints of damage under investigation."

(2) "My Department does not have direct knowledge of the supply of chemicals from one company to another. Our responsibility is to ensure that any chemical used is registered and is used according to directions."

(3) "When 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T are used in accordance with registered directions there is no danger to humans and   any effect on wild life and non-target flora would be minimal. Any such effects must be considered in relation to the necessity to control major weed pests."

(4) "An officer of Cropair Aviation Pty. Ltd. has advised my Department that no further aerial spraying will be under-taken in the area while investigations are under way."

(5) "Current legislation provides control over the operations of aerial agricultural pilots and weed control operators on the ground. It is considered that these controls are adequate."

Queensland Parliamentary Debates [Hansard] Legislative Assembly Thursday, 10 August 1972

p 104 Questions Upon Notice [10 August 1972]

Damage by Aerial Spraying, Pine Rivers, Caboolture and Landsborough Shires

Mr. Frawley, pursuant to notice, asked The Minister for Primary Industries, –

(1) Is he aware of the widespread damage in Redcliffe, Narangba, Deception Bay, Burpengary, Caboolture and Toorbul areas to the fruit and vegetable crops and beekeepers’ apairies, believed to have been caused by aerial spraying of 2,4-D Amiene and 2,4,5-T Ester by Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd.?

(2) Are these hormone sprays being supplied to Cropair Aviation Ltd, by A.C.F. Austral Fertilizers Pty Ltd, the company which supplies fertilizers to the district’s fruit and vegetable growers?

(3) As Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd has or intends to spread these dangerous hormone sprays over thousands of acres of land in Pine Rivers Shire, over the adjoining boundaries of the City of Redcliffe, what guarantees can he give that there will be no effects from it to thousands of residents living in these areas and to the wild life, both flora and fauna, and the fish and prawn-breeding areas of Deception Bay?

(4) Will he take immediate steps to have all operations stopped until all complaints have been investigated?

(5) Will he give his assurance that he will have the matter of misting machines and aeroplanes spreading hormones with in these
areas delayed until a thorough investigation has been made and will he also consider making it law that only after the issue of a permit by the local D.P.I. officer may any person be allowed to use hormone sprays?

Answers:-

( 1) “Crop damage in these areas has been reported to my Department but the extent of the damage and its cause has not yet been established. The possibility of the damage resulting from spraying operations, other than aerial spraying, cannot be ruled out. The Standards Branch of my Department has a number of complaints of damage under investigation.”

(2) “My Department does not have direct knowledge of the supply of chemicals from one company to another. Our responsibility is to ensure that any chemical used is registered and is used according to directions.”

(3) “When 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T are used in accordance with registered directions there is no danger to humans and   any effect on wild life and non-target flora would be minimal. Any such effects must be considered in relation to the necessity to control major weed pests.”

(4) “An officer of Cropair Aviation Pty. Ltd. has advised my Department that no further aerial spraying will be under-taken in the area while investigations are under way.”

(5) “Current legislation provides control over the operations of aerial agricultural pilots and weed control operators on the ground. It is considered that these controls are adequate.”

1972 July: Narangba (Qld) Widespread Spray Drift. Pesticides: 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D

Queensland Parliamentary Debates [Hansard] Legislative Assembly Thursday, 10 August 1972

p 104 Questions Upon Notice [10 August 1972]

Damage by Aerial Spraying, Pine Rivers, Caboolture and Landsborough Shires

Mr. Frawley, pursuant to notice, asked The Minister for Primary Industries, -

(1) Is he aware of the widespread damage in Redcliffe, Narangba, Deception Bay, Burpengary, Caboolture and Toorbul areas to the fruit and vegetable crops and beekeepers' apairies, believed to have been caused by aerial spraying of 2,4-D Amiene and 2,4,5-T Ester by Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd.?

(2) Are these hormone sprays being supplied to Cropair Aviation Ltd, by A.C.F. Austral Fertilizers Pty Ltd, the company which supplies fertilizers to the district's fruit and vegetable growers?

(3) As Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd has or intends to spread these dangerous hormone sprays over thousands of acres of land in Pine Rivers Shire, over the adjoining boundaries of the City of Redcliffe, what guarantees can he give that there will be no effects from it to thousands of residents living in these areas and to the wild life, both flora and fauna, and the fish and prawn-breeding areas of Deception Bay?

(4) Will he take immediate steps to have all operations stopped until all complaints have been investigated?

(5) Will he give his assurance that he will have the matter of misting machines and aeroplanes spreading hormones with in these
areas delayed until a thorough investigation has been made and will he also consider making it law that only after the issue of a permit by the local D.P.I. officer may any person be allowed to use hormone sprays?

Answers:-

( 1) "Crop damage in these areas has been reported to my Department but the extent of the damage and its cause has not yet been established. The possibility of the damage resulting from spraying operations, other than aerial spraying, can-not be ruled out. The Standards Branch of my Department has a number of complaints of damage under investigation."

(2) "My Department does not have direct knowledge of the supply of chemicals from one company to another. Our responsibility is to ensure that any chemical used is registered and is used according to directions."

(3) "When 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T are used in accordance with registered directions there is no danger to humans and   any effect on wild life and non-target flora would be minimal. Any such effects must be considered in relation to the necessity to control major weed pests."

(4) "An officer of Cropair Aviation Pty. Ltd. has advised my Department that no further aerial spraying will be under-taken in the area while investigations are under way."

(5) "Current legislation provides control over the operations of aerial agricultural pilots and weed control operators on the ground. It is considered that these controls are adequate."

Queensland Parliamentary Debates [Hansard] Legislative Assembly Thursday, 10 August 1972

p 104 Questions Upon Notice [10 August 1972]

Damage by Aerial Spraying, Pine Rivers, Caboolture and Landsborough Shires

Mr. Frawley, pursuant to notice, asked The Minister for Primary Industries, –

(1) Is he aware of the widespread damage in Redcliffe, Narangba, Deception Bay, Burpengary, Caboolture and Toorbul areas to the fruit and vegetable crops and beekeepers’ apairies, believed to have been caused by aerial spraying of 2,4-D Amiene and 2,4,5-T Ester by Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd.?

(2) Are these hormone sprays being supplied to Cropair Aviation Ltd, by A.C.F. Austral Fertilizers Pty Ltd, the company which supplies fertilizers to the district’s fruit and vegetable growers?

(3) As Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd has or intends to spread these dangerous hormone sprays over thousands of acres of land in Pine Rivers Shire, over the adjoining boundaries of the City of Redcliffe, what guarantees can he give that there will be no effects from it to thousands of residents living in these areas and to the wild life, both flora and fauna, and the fish and prawn-breeding areas of Deception Bay?

(4) Will he take immediate steps to have all operations stopped until all complaints have been investigated?

(5) Will he give his assurance that he will have the matter of misting machines and aeroplanes spreading hormones with in these
areas delayed until a thorough investigation has been made and will he also consider making it law that only after the issue of a permit by the local D.P.I. officer may any person be allowed to use hormone sprays?

Answers:-

( 1) “Crop damage in these areas has been reported to my Department but the extent of the damage and its cause has not yet been established. The possibility of the damage resulting from spraying operations, other than aerial spraying, can-not be ruled out. The Standards Branch of my Department has a number of complaints of damage under investigation.”

(2) “My Department does not have direct knowledge of the supply of chemicals from one company to another. Our responsibility is to ensure that any chemical used is registered and is used according to directions.”

(3) “When 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T are used in accordance with registered directions there is no danger to humans and   any effect on wild life and non-target flora would be minimal. Any such effects must be considered in relation to the necessity to control major weed pests.”

(4) “An officer of Cropair Aviation Pty. Ltd. has advised my Department that no further aerial spraying will be under-taken in the area while investigations are under way.”

(5) “Current legislation provides control over the operations of aerial agricultural pilots and weed control operators on the ground. It is considered that these controls are adequate.”

1972 July: Redcliffe (Qld) Widespread Spray Drift. Pesticides: 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T

Queensland Parliamentary Debates [Hansard] Legislative Assembly Thursday, 10 August 1972

p 104 Questions Upon Notice [10 August 1972]

Damage by Aerial Spraying, Pine Rivers, Caboolture and Landsborough Shires

Mr. Frawley, pursuant to notice, asked The Minister for Primary Industries, -

(1) Is he aware of the widespread damage in Redcliffe, Narangba, Deception Bay, Burpengary, Caboolture and Toorbul areas to the fruit and vegetable crops and beekeepers' apairies, believed to have been caused by aerial spraying of 2,4-D Amiene and 2,4,5-T Ester by Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd.?

(2) Are these hormone sprays being supplied to Cropair Aviation Ltd, by A.C.F. Austral Fertilizers Pty Ltd, the company which supplies fertilizers to the district's fruit and vegetable growers?

(3) As Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd has or intends to spread these dangerous hormone sprays over thousands of acres of land in Pine Rivers Shire, over the adjoining boundaries of the City of Redcliffe, what guarantees can he give that there will be no effects from it to thousands of residents living in these areas and to the wild life, both flora and fauna, and the fish and prawn-breeding areas of Deception Bay?

(4) Will he take immediate steps to have all operations stopped until all complaints have been investigated?

(5) Will he give his assurance that he will have the matter of misting machines and aeroplanes spreading hormones with in these
areas delayed until a thorough investigation has been made and will he also consider making it law that only after the issue of a permit by the local D.P.I. officer may any person be allowed to use hormone sprays?

Answers:-

( 1) "Crop damage in these areas has been reported to my Department but the extent of the damage and its cause has not yet been established. The possibility of the damage resulting from spraying operations, other than aerial spraying, can-not be ruled out. The Standards Branch of my Department has a number of complaints of damage under investigation."

(2) "My Department does not have direct knowledge of the supply of chemicals from one company to another. Our responsibility is to ensure that any chemical used is registered and is used according to directions."

(3) "When 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T are used in accordance with registered directions there is no danger to humans and   any effect on wild life and non-target flora would be minimal. Any such effects must be considered in relation to the necessity to control major weed pests."

(4) "An officer of Cropair Aviation Pty. Ltd. has advised my Department that no further aerial spraying will be under-taken in the area while investigations are under way."

(5) "Current legislation provides control over the operations of aerial agricultural pilots and weed control operators on the ground. It is considered that these controls are adequate."

Queensland Parliamentary Debates [Hansard] Legislative Assembly Thursday, 10 August 1972

p 104 Questions Upon Notice [10 August 1972]

Damage by Aerial Spraying, Pine Rivers, Caboolture and Landsborough Shires

Mr. Frawley, pursuant to notice, asked The Minister for Primary Industries, –

(1) Is he aware of the widespread damage in Redcliffe, Narangba, Deception Bay, Burpengary, Caboolture and Toorbul areas to the fruit and vegetable crops and beekeepers’ apairies, believed to have been caused by aerial spraying of 2,4-D Amiene and 2,4,5-T Ester by Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd.?

(2) Are these hormone sprays being supplied to Cropair Aviation Ltd, by A.C.F. Austral Fertilizers Pty Ltd, the company which supplies fertilizers to the district’s fruit and vegetable growers?

(3) As Cropair Aviation Pty Ltd has or intends to spread these dangerous hormone sprays over thousands of acres of land in Pine Rivers Shire, over the adjoining boundaries of the City of Redcliffe, what guarantees can he give that there will be no effects from it to thousands of residents living in these areas and to the wild life, both flora and fauna, and the fish and prawn-breeding areas of Deception Bay?

(4) Will he take immediate steps to have all operations stopped until all complaints have been investigated?

(5) Will he give his assurance that he will have the matter of misting machines and aeroplanes spreading hormones with in these
areas delayed until a thorough investigation has been made and will he also consider making it law that only after the issue of a permit by the local D.P.I. officer may any person be allowed to use hormone sprays?

Answers:-

( 1) “Crop damage in these areas has been reported to my Department but the extent of the damage and its cause has not yet been established. The possibility of the damage resulting from spraying operations, other than aerial spraying, can-not be ruled out. The Standards Branch of my Department has a number of complaints of damage under investigation.”

(2) “My Department does not have direct knowledge of the supply of chemicals from one company to another. Our responsibility is to ensure that any chemical used is registered and is used according to directions.”

(3) “When 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T are used in accordance with registered directions there is no danger to humans and   any effect on wild life and non-target flora would be minimal. Any such effects must be considered in relation to the necessity to control major weed pests.”

(4) “An officer of Cropair Aviation Pty. Ltd. has advised my Department that no further aerial spraying will be under-taken in the area while investigations are under way.”

(5) “Current legislation provides control over the operations of aerial agricultural pilots and weed control operators on the ground. It is considered that these controls are adequate.”

1990: Hamilton (Vic). Eastern Barred Bandicoot. Dieldrin Residues.

p577 "Studies attempting to define the cause of the continuing decline in the population of the Eastern Barred Bandicoot (Perameles gunnii) in Hamilton, western Victoria, showed that dieldrin residues were present in the limited number of samples examined (Lenghaus at al 1990)... The extent to which exposure to dieldrin contributed to the death or debilitation of individual animals is unknown, as are any effects that insecticides may have had on the insects or arthropods which are included in the bandicoot diet"

1991 State of the Environment Report. Agriculture and Victoria's Environment. Office of the Commissioner for the Environment.

p577 “Studies attempting to define the cause of the continuing decline in the population of the Eastern Barred Bandicoot (Perameles gunnii) in Hamilton, western Victoria, showed that dieldrin residues were present in the limited number of samples examined (Lenghaus at al 1990)… The extent to which exposure to dieldrin contributed to the death or debilitation of individual animals is unknown, as are any effects that insecticides may have had on the insects or arthropods which are included in the bandicoot diet”

1991 State of the Environment Report. Agriculture and Victoria’s Environment. Office of the Commissioner for the Environment.

1988: Horsham (Vic) Wimmera River. Pesticide: DDT

p576 "Residues of DDT and other organochlorines have been found in waterways in a recent survey in the Horsham district in the Wimmera (Bell, EPA, unpublished data). This study was initiated following reports of fish and yabby kills in the Horsham area in previous spraying seasons. Insecticide use is intensive in the area, particularly on legume crops (mainly field peas) to control budworm (Heliothis spp.) and pea weevil. Some 195,000 ha of legumes (139,000 ha of field peas) were grown in the Mallee and Wimmera in the 1989-90 season (ABS 1991).

The use of organochlorine insecticides is now prohibited and synthetic pyrethroids are largely the chemical of choice. Much spraying is done by aerial operations. Synthetic pyrethroids are very toxic to aquatic organisms but detection is difficult because these chemicals are non-persistent and break down rapidly in water and after ingestion.

Ten sites, including four dams (one private, three located at Government facilities), two irrigation channels, three sites on the Wimmera River and one wetland site, were selected to monitor the effects of pesticide spraying both before and during the 1988 field pea cropping season. Water and sediment samples were collected and monitored for organochlorine, organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides. Results of the survey were inconclusive as to the effects of current agricultural management on pesticide levels, because too little data were obtained and wet weather conditions meant that pesticide spraying was less intensive than usual. However, the results did show that organochlorines at levels greater than the thresholds for harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems still persisted on occasion, in both water and sediment. Synthetic pyrethroid residues were detected in one site where yabby kills had occurred, but it was not possible to detect synthetic pyrethroid residues in dead yabbies."

1991 State of the Environment Report. Agriculture and Victoria's Environment. Office of the Commissioner for the Environment.

p576 “Residues of DDT and other organochlorines have been found in waterways in a recent survey in the Horsham district in the Wimmera (Bell, EPA, unpublished data). This study was initiated following reports of fish and yabby kills in the Horsham area in previous spraying seasons. Insecticide use is intensive in the area, particularly on legume crops (mainly field peas) to control budworm (Heliothis spp.) and pea weevil. Some 195,000 ha of legumes (139,000 ha of field peas) were grown in the Mallee and Wimmera in the 1989-90 season (ABS 1991).

The use of organochlorine insecticides is now prohibited and synthetic pyrethroids are largely the chemical of choice. Much spraying is done by aerial operations. Synthetic pyrethroids are very toxic to aquatic organisms but detection is difficult because these chemicals are non-persistent and break down rapidly in water and after ingestion.

Ten sites, including four dams (one private, three located at Government facilities), two irrigation channels, three sites on the Wimmera River and one wetland site, were selected to monitor the effects of pesticide spraying both before and during the 1988 field pea cropping season. Water and sediment samples were collected and monitored for organochlorine, organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides. Results of the survey were inconclusive as to the effects of current agricultural management on pesticide levels, because too little data were obtained and wet weather conditions meant that pesticide spraying was less intensive than usual. However, the results did show that organochlorines at levels greater than the thresholds for harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems still persisted on occasion, in both water and sediment. Synthetic pyrethroid residues were detected in one site where yabby kills had occurred, but it was not possible to detect synthetic pyrethroid residues in dead yabbies.”

1991 State of the Environment Report. Agriculture and Victoria’s Environment. Office of the Commissioner for the Environment.

1977: Panton Hill (Vic). DDT and Dieldrin residues in Kookaburras.

p574 "In another early study, Parry (1973) reported DDT contamination in Laughing Kookaburra (Dacelo novaeguinea). The specimens, collected from the inner Melbourne suburb of Brunswick and from Panton Hill just outside of Melbourne revealed low concentrations of DDE in liver, muscle and brain and dieldrin in liver. Insufficient data was available to predict whether these concentrations had an adverse effect on species survival. However, the author commented on the longevity of kookaburras (between 12 and 25 years) and emphasised the long period over which production could be affected."

1991 State of the Environment Report. Agriculture and Victoria's Environment. Office of the Commissioner for the Environment.

p574 “In another early study, Parry (1973) reported DDT contamination in Laughing Kookaburra (Dacelo novaeguinea). The specimens, collected from the inner Melbourne suburb of Brunswick and from Panton Hill just outside of Melbourne revealed low concentrations of DDE in liver, muscle and brain and dieldrin in liver. Insufficient data was available to predict whether these concentrations had an adverse effect on species survival. However, the author commented on the longevity of kookaburras (between 12 and 25 years) and emphasised the long period over which production could be affected.”

1991 State of the Environment Report. Agriculture and Victoria’s Environment. Office of the Commissioner for the Environment.

1977: Brunswick (Vic): DDT and Dieldrin contamination of Kookaburras.

p574 "In another early study, Parry (1973) reported DDT contamination in Laughing Kookaburra (Dacelo novaeguinea). The specimens, collected from the inner Melbourne suburb of Brunswick and from Panton Hill just outside of Melbourne revealed low concentrations of DDE in liver, muscle and brain and dieldrin in liver. Insufficient data was available to predict whether these concentrations had an adverse effect on species survival. However, the author commented on the longevity of kookaburras (between 12 and 25 years) and emphasised the long period over which production could be affected."

1991 State of the Environment Report. Agriculture and Victoria's Environment. Office of the Commissioner for the Environment.

p574 “In another early study, Parry (1973) reported DDT contamination in Laughing Kookaburra (Dacelo novaeguinea). The specimens, collected from the inner Melbourne suburb of Brunswick and from Panton Hill just outside of Melbourne revealed low concentrations of DDE in liver, muscle and brain and dieldrin in liver. Insufficient data was available to predict whether these concentrations had an adverse effect on species survival. However, the author commented on the longevity of kookaburras (between 12 and 25 years) and emphasised the long period over which production could be affected.”

1991 State of the Environment Report. Agriculture and Victoria’s Environment. Office of the Commissioner for the Environment.

 

1986 October: Pimpinio (Vic). Dead yabbies in water storage. Pesticide: Fenvalerate.

Wimmera Mail Times October 27 1986: Dead Yabbies found in "two of the towns four water storgaes and also in dams near Nhill and Pimpinio"

10 November 1986: ADCRC Meeting - "Mr ... reported that the tissue tests on yabbies found dead and dying in three storages around Rainbow showed the insecticide Fenvalerate to be present at 10 parts per billion. However, the channel waters and sediments tested did not show positive results for either Fenvalerate or for the synthetic pyrethroids which were also sprayed, although Fenvalerate was detected in some puddle samples."

20 March 1987 DCFL Memorandum:In October 1986, aerial spraying of field peas for pea weevil and heliotis resulted in extensive yabby mortalities in water stored and farm dams in the Rainbow area. The RWC immediately closed the Rainbow urban storages and took samples of water, sediments and yabbies for chemical analysis. No chemicals were found in water or sediments, but fenvalerate ... was detected at a concentration of 10 parts per million in yabbies...

22 June 1987 Rural Water Corporation (RWC): In 1986 the Rainbow storage was contaminated with insecticide resulting in death of yabbies. The cause was identifed as the aerial spraying of pea crops. DCFL reported 9 other yabbie kills plus one of fish. Subsequent to the contamination of the Rainbow storage no further contamination of any waterway was reported...

21 July 1987: "The Water Commission continues to be concerned that off-target aerial spraying of insecticides or pea crops this year could contaminate water supplies..."

24 July 1987 RWC Memorandum: "... the issue of avoiding potential contamination of water supplies is vital... The urban storages should be highlighted on a plan and the contractors informed that the RWC opposes spraying near flowing channels, storages containing water and within 100m of urban storages..." [Aerial spraying of Wimmera Pea crops].

28 September 1987: RWC Memorandum: The Commission has had recent concerns with off-target spraying of insecticides in the Wimmera and Mallee where urban storages have been polluted. In the present act there is only provision for declaring horticultural areas as hazardous areas, but not waterways or storages...

29 September 1987 Rural Water Corporation

Re: Spray drift from spraying field pea crops adjacent to Rural Water Commission waterways.

"... The seriousness of water contamination was highlighted last year where there was a large yabbie kill in one of the Rainbow urban storages. Fortunately no-ill effects were passed onto the people of Rainbow. The contamination in this case was due to spray drift entering the storage from aerial spraying of a pea crop immediately adjacent to the storage..."

"Last year the urban storage of the RWC at Rainbow was polluted with insecticide from off-target aerial spraying of a field pea crop. There were also other fish and yabby kills in the Wimmera for the same reason..."

29 September 1987 RWC to ADCRC: "You asked to be kept informed of initiatives taken by the RWC to avoid repitition of insecticide contamination of urban storages in the Wimmera and Mallee by aerial spraying..."

October 2 1987: Spray forum Horsham - 200 people attended. In 1985/6 616,000ha of crops and 16,000ha of pasture were sprayed with herbicides. 45,000ha of crops and 8,000ha of pasture sprayed with insecticides.

Time covered in FoI request: 25/6/05 - 20/8/07:

Wimmera Mallee Pipeline being constructed. This will substantially reduce risk of runoff into channels.

Current Pesticide Testing Regimes:

NATA accredited laboratory working on behalf of GWMWater, scan checks for traces of; Lindane, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Heptachlor Epoxide, 4-4-DDD, 4-4-DDE, 4,4-DDT, Hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Testing appears to be based on annual checks however it appears that some supplies are not tested annually and some more than annually. Due to the information sourced from the FoI further explanations are impossible.

No positive results detected.

https://baddevelopers.nfshost.com/Docs/foewaterreport.htm#Grampians

Wimmera Mail Times October 27 1986: Dead Yabbies found in “two of the towns four water storgaes and also in dams near Nhill and Pimpinio”

10 November 1986: ADCRC Meeting – “Mr … reported that the tissue tests on yabbies found dead and dying in three storages around Rainbow showed the insecticide Fenvalerate to be present at 10 parts per billion. However, the channel waters and sediments tested did not show positive results for either Fenvalerate or for the synthetic pyrethroids which were also sprayed, although Fenvalerate was detected in some puddle samples.”

20 March 1987 DCFL Memorandum:In October 1986, aerial spraying of field peas for pea weevil and heliotis resulted in extensive yabby mortalities in water stored and farm dams in the Rainbow area. The RWC immediately closed the Rainbow urban storages and took samples of water, sediments and yabbies for chemical analysis. No chemicals were found in water or sediments, but fenvalerate … was detected at a concentration of 10 parts per million in yabbies…

22 June 1987 Rural Water Corporation (RWC): In 1986 the Rainbow storage was contaminated with insecticide resulting in death of yabbies. The cause was identifed as the aerial spraying of pea crops. DCFL reported 9 other yabbie kills plus one of fish. Subsequent to the contamination of the Rainbow storage no further contamination of any waterway was reported…

21 July 1987: “The Water Commission continues to be concerned that off-target aerial spraying of insecticides or pea crops this year could contaminate water supplies…”

24 July 1987 RWC Memorandum: “… the issue of avoiding potential contamination of water supplies is vital… The urban storages should be highlighted on a plan and the contractors informed that the RWC opposes spraying near flowing channels, storages containing water and within 100m of urban storages…” [Aerial spraying of Wimmera Pea crops].

28 September 1987: RWC Memorandum: The Commission has had recent concerns with off-target spraying of insecticides in the Wimmera and Mallee where urban storages have been polluted. In the present act there is only provision for declaring horticultural areas as hazardous areas, but not waterways or storages…

29 September 1987 Rural Water Corporation

Re: Spray drift from spraying field pea crops adjacent to Rural Water Commission waterways.

“… The seriousness of water contamination was highlighted last year where there was a large yabbie kill in one of the Rainbow urban storages. Fortunately no-ill effects were passed onto the people of Rainbow. The contamination in this case was due to spray drift entering the storage from aerial spraying of a pea crop immediately adjacent to the storage…”

“Last year the urban storage of the RWC at Rainbow was polluted with insecticide from off-target aerial spraying of a field pea crop. There were also other fish and yabby kills in the Wimmera for the same reason…”

29 September 1987 RWC to ADCRC: “You asked to be kept informed of initiatives taken by the RWC to avoid repitition of insecticide contamination of urban storages in the Wimmera and Mallee by aerial spraying…”

October 2 1987: Spray forum Horsham – 200 people attended. In 1985/6 616,000ha of crops and 16,000ha of pasture were sprayed with herbicides. 45,000ha of crops and 8,000ha of pasture sprayed with insecticides.

Time covered in FoI request: 25/6/05 – 20/8/07:

Wimmera Mallee Pipeline being constructed. This will substantially reduce risk of runoff into channels.

Current Pesticide Testing Regimes:

NATA accredited laboratory working on behalf of GWMWater, scan checks for traces of; Lindane, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Heptachlor Epoxide, 4-4-DDD, 4-4-DDE, 4,4-DDT, Hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Testing appears to be based on annual checks however it appears that some supplies are not tested annually and some more than annually. Due to the information sourced from the FoI further explanations are impossible.

No positive results detected.

https://baddevelopers.nfshost.com/Docs/foewaterreport.htm#Grampians

2009 January: Weegena (Tas) Timber Plantations spraydrift concerns

Gunns denies residents poisoned by aerial spraying

 22 Jan 2009, 8:15pm

Timber company Gunns has rejected claims residents in northern Tasmania have been poisoned by aerial chemical spraying.

A number of people who attended a sustainable farming meeting at a property at Weegena, near the Mersey River, say drift from spraying has made them sick.

Neil Graham's property is next to a Gunns plantation and he says he went outside for a closer look at the spraying.

"Within about 20 minutes, I had an irritation within my lungs and probably within half an hour of that, you could smell it," he said.

He says his symptoms got worse overnight.

While a Gunns spokesman says there is no basis to the claims, acting Greens leader Kim Booth says there is photographic evidence to prove the company was in breach of regulations.

"These photos clearly show a helicopter that is spraying in contravention of the regulations and spraying adjacent to a river, which is a drinking water supply for many Tasmanians," she said.

"It also contaminated the air shed; it goes for miles and miles and miles, the spray drift."

The Department of Primary Industries is investigating the incident.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-01-22/gunns-denies-residents-poisoned-by-aerial-spraying/2590108

Gunns denies residents poisoned by aerial spraying

 22 Jan 2009, 8:15pm

Timber company Gunns has rejected claims residents in northern Tasmania have been poisoned by aerial chemical spraying.

A number of people who attended a sustainable farming meeting at a property at Weegena, near the Mersey River, say drift from spraying has made them sick.

Neil Graham’s property is next to a Gunns plantation and he says he went outside for a closer look at the spraying.

“Within about 20 minutes, I had an irritation within my lungs and probably within half an hour of that, you could smell it,” he said.

He says his symptoms got worse overnight.

While a Gunns spokesman says there is no basis to the claims, acting Greens leader Kim Booth says there is photographic evidence to prove the company was in breach of regulations.

“These photos clearly show a helicopter that is spraying in contravention of the regulations and spraying adjacent to a river, which is a drinking water supply for many Tasmanians,” she said.

“It also contaminated the air shed; it goes for miles and miles and miles, the spray drift.”

The Department of Primary Industries is investigating the incident.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-01-22/gunns-denies-residents-poisoned-by-aerial-spraying/2590108

2007 May: Priory (Tas) Plantation spray drift concerns.

Plantation company rejects spray claims

14 May 2007

Plantation timber company Great Southern Plantations says it followed proper procedures during a ground-based spraying operation near St Helens on Tasmania's east coast over the weekend.

Paula Michael, who lives at Priory, near St Helens, claims that she watched pesticide from the plantation spraying drift across the George River, which supplies St Helens' water.

David Ikin from Great Southern Plantations has rejected the claim.

He says it's not possible that the spray could have reached the river.

"We'd left a 25-metre buffer between where we were spraying and the river, the winds were very very light - in the order of about 5 kilometres an hour - and weather conditions were ideal," he said.

"We're satisfied that no spray would have got into the water."

Mr Ikin says an experienced operator carried out the spraying.

Some residents are also upset about local council procedures for reporting water contamination, after Paula Michael claimed it took her several hours to get hold of the council to report the incident.

St Helens' local GP, Alison Bleaney, is angry that the Break O'Day Council hasn't made it easier for residents to report their concerns.

Dr Bleaney says the town has had water contamination problems in the past, and the council should have had better systems in place by now.

"There should be a Break O'Day Council emergency incident protocol, which says 'phone this number if there is a problem'", she said.

"We should be able to phone that number, that number should be manned and we should be able to tell the people who are in control whether it's water or sewage or whatever the problem is."

The Break O'Day Mayor, Robert Legge, has vowed to fix the council's emergency reporting system.

"I think the whole thing's an absolute mess," he said.

"If this is the case of what happened, that emergency numbers could not be contacted, then there's something wrong with the system."

Mr Legge says he'll order immediate action to fix the reporting system.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2007-05-14/plantation-company-rejects-spray-claims/2548190

Plantation company rejects spray claims

14 May 2007

Plantation timber company Great Southern Plantations says it followed proper procedures during a ground-based spraying operation near St Helens on Tasmania’s east coast over the weekend.

Paula Michael, who lives at Priory, near St Helens, claims that she watched pesticide from the plantation spraying drift across the George River, which supplies St Helens’ water.

David Ikin from Great Southern Plantations has rejected the claim.

He says it’s not possible that the spray could have reached the river.

“We’d left a 25-metre buffer between where we were spraying and the river, the winds were very very light – in the order of about 5 kilometres an hour – and weather conditions were ideal,” he said.

“We’re satisfied that no spray would have got into the water.”

Mr Ikin says an experienced operator carried out the spraying.

Some residents are also upset about local council procedures for reporting water contamination, after Paula Michael claimed it took her several hours to get hold of the council to report the incident.

St Helens’ local GP, Alison Bleaney, is angry that the Break O’Day Council hasn’t made it easier for residents to report their concerns.

Dr Bleaney says the town has had water contamination problems in the past, and the council should have had better systems in place by now.

“There should be a Break O’Day Council emergency incident protocol, which says ‘phone this number if there is a problem'”, she said.

“We should be able to phone that number, that number should be manned and we should be able to tell the people who are in control whether it’s water or sewage or whatever the problem is.”

The Break O’Day Mayor, Robert Legge, has vowed to fix the council’s emergency reporting system.

“I think the whole thing’s an absolute mess,” he said.

“If this is the case of what happened, that emergency numbers could not be contacted, then there’s something wrong with the system.”

Mr Legge says he’ll order immediate action to fix the reporting system.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2007-05-14/plantation-company-rejects-spray-claims/2548190

2005 January: Swan Hill (Vic) Spray drift. Pesticide: 2,4-D

Weed damaging grape vines

18 Jan 2005,

Grapegrowers around Swan Hill say their vines are being affected by drift from weed spraying on broadacre farms up to 20 kilometres away.

Widespread rain has prompted strong summer weed growth, but viticulturists say their vines are being damaged by the hormone sprays farmers are using to kill the weeds.

The president of the Swan Hill Wine Grapegrowers Association, Colin Free, says it is the second year spray-related vine distortion has been reported in the area.

He says legal options are still being considered but farmers need to be more aware of weather conditions suitable for the use of sprays such as 2-4-D.

"Horticultural areas are working their ways out into the Mallee areas further than what they have been before, so perhaps the exclusion zones do need to be widened and also possibly some exclusion zones introduced into New South Wales," he said.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-01-18/weed-damaging-grape-vines/620926

Weed damaging grape vines

18 Jan 2005,

Grapegrowers around Swan Hill say their vines are being affected by drift from weed spraying on broadacre farms up to 20 kilometres away.

Widespread rain has prompted strong summer weed growth, but viticulturists say their vines are being damaged by the hormone sprays farmers are using to kill the weeds.

The president of the Swan Hill Wine Grapegrowers Association, Colin Free, says it is the second year spray-related vine distortion has been reported in the area.

He says legal options are still being considered but farmers need to be more aware of weather conditions suitable for the use of sprays such as 2-4-D.

“Horticultural areas are working their ways out into the Mallee areas further than what they have been before, so perhaps the exclusion zones do need to be widened and also possibly some exclusion zones introduced into New South Wales,” he said.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-01-18/weed-damaging-grape-vines/620926

2008 November: Lebrina (Tas) hardwood plantation insecticide drift

Fears over chemical spraying

19 Nov 2008,

A couple in Tasmania's north-east fear they will lose customers from their accommodation business after their property was sprayed with insecticide this morning.

Howard and Michelle Carpenter claim insecticide drifted onto their property near Lebrina from spraying to stop an insect infestation in neighbouring plantations.

A spokesman for Gunns says the timber company tried to address the concerns of neighbours and used an organic chemical when spraying close to adjoining properties.

Michelle Carpenter says she is concerned that the insecticide could drift across from the plantations and onto her land.

"It's not so much the movement of the chemical on the ground to get into rainwater, it's more the drift that you have to be aware of with this one," Ms Carpenter said.

"The fact that we rely on rainwater now in the catchment area off the roof, but yes, its the drift that is the big worry."

Editor's note: This story has been amended as the Gunn's spokesman said spraying with an organic insecticide had occurred close to the poperty not over it.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-11-18/fears-over-chemical-spraying/211028

Fears over chemical spraying

19 Nov 2008,

A couple in Tasmania’s north-east fear they will lose customers from their accommodation business after their property was sprayed with insecticide this morning.

Howard and Michelle Carpenter claim insecticide drifted onto their property near Lebrina from spraying to stop an insect infestation in neighbouring plantations.

A spokesman for Gunns says the timber company tried to address the concerns of neighbours and used an organic chemical when spraying close to adjoining properties.

Michelle Carpenter says she is concerned that the insecticide could drift across from the plantations and onto her land.

“It’s not so much the movement of the chemical on the ground to get into rainwater, it’s more the drift that you have to be aware of with this one,” Ms Carpenter said.

“The fact that we rely on rainwater now in the catchment area off the roof, but yes, its the drift that is the big worry.”

Editor’s note: This story has been amended as the Gunn’s spokesman said spraying with an organic insecticide had occurred close to the poperty not over it.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-11-18/fears-over-chemical-spraying/211028

2009 November: Pampas (Qld). Spray Drift

Firm fined for spray damage

1st Feb 2011

FORMER AgForce grains president Lyndon Pfeffer’s company Crake Proprietary Limited has been fined $7500 for damaging a neighbouring property’s cotton crop.
The damaged was caused by chemical spray drift.
Crake Propriety Limited pleaded guilty in the Pittsworth Magistrates Court last month for using a chemical and not complying with the instructions on the label.
The incident occurred in November, 2009 at a property in Pampas.
Mr Pfeffer is a Millmerran grain grower and director of Crake Propriety Limited.
He declined to comment.

https://www.thechronicle.com.au/news/toowoomba-lyndon-pfeffer-agforce/758172/

Firm fined for spray damage

1st Feb 2011

FORMER AgForce grains president Lyndon Pfeffer’s company Crake Proprietary Limited has been fined $7500 for damaging a neighbouring property’s cotton crop.
The damaged was caused by chemical spray drift.
Crake Propriety Limited pleaded guilty in the Pittsworth Magistrates Court last month for using a chemical and not complying with the instructions on the label.
The incident occurred in November, 2009 at a property in Pampas.
Mr Pfeffer is a Millmerran grain grower and director of Crake Propriety Limited.
He declined to comment.

https://www.thechronicle.com.au/news/toowoomba-lyndon-pfeffer-agforce/758172/

2004 March: Yamba (South Australia). Spray drift concerns.

Farmers consider spray drift problem

Posted 10 Mar 2004, 12:48pm

South Australia's Riverland grape growers and farmers are working together to prevent more vines being damaged from some sprays used on broadacre farms.

About 50 growers and farmers attended an information session about the problem known as spray drift at an affected vineyard in Yamba yesterday.

More than 19 cases of spray drift have been discovered in the Riverland, costing those growers hundreds of thousands of dollars in damaged vines.

PIRSA agronomist Graham Fromme says most farmers do the right thing, but the spray drift continues to be a problem.

"It's disappointing that the majority of farmers, as I said, are aware and there's just the few odd ones who either take the chance, or don't spray under the right conditions, or use the wrong products that possibly cause the problems and, you know, the majority of farmers who live adjacent to horticultural areas are quite aware of what happens," he said.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2004-03-10/farmers-consider-spray-drift-problem/149026

Farmers consider spray drift problem

Posted 10 Mar 2004, 12:48pm

South Australia’s Riverland grape growers and farmers are working together to prevent more vines being damaged from some sprays used on broadacre farms.

About 50 growers and farmers attended an information session about the problem known as spray drift at an affected vineyard in Yamba yesterday.

More than 19 cases of spray drift have been discovered in the Riverland, costing those growers hundreds of thousands of dollars in damaged vines.

PIRSA agronomist Graham Fromme says most farmers do the right thing, but the spray drift continues to be a problem.

“It’s disappointing that the majority of farmers, as I said, are aware and there’s just the few odd ones who either take the chance, or don’t spray under the right conditions, or use the wrong products that possibly cause the problems and, you know, the majority of farmers who live adjacent to horticultural areas are quite aware of what happens,” he said.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2004-03-10/farmers-consider-spray-drift-problem/149026

2005 March: Liverpool Plains (NSW) Spray Drift. Pesticide: 2,4-D

Herbicide spray drift hits crops

Posted 2 Mar 2005, 9:32am

Farmers on the Liverpool Plains have reported significant damage to their crops because of herbicide spray drift.

Cotton Australia's Ross Brown says summer crop growers are expecting considerable yield loss because of the drift from phenoxy-based products and those containing 24-D.

Mr Brown says growers and applicators are either ignoring or unaware of the risk factors involved in spraying with the herbicides, particularly in the summer.

He says the hot weather creates improved conditions for spray drift.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-03-02/herbicide-spray-drift-hits-crops/1527936

Herbicide spray drift hits crops

Posted 2 Mar 2005, 9:32am

Farmers on the Liverpool Plains have reported significant damage to their crops because of herbicide spray drift.

Cotton Australia’s Ross Brown says summer crop growers are expecting considerable yield loss because of the drift from phenoxy-based products and those containing 24-D.

Mr Brown says growers and applicators are either ignoring or unaware of the risk factors involved in spraying with the herbicides, particularly in the summer.

He says the hot weather creates improved conditions for spray drift.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-03-02/herbicide-spray-drift-hits-crops/1527936

2012 March: Porongurup Vineyard Spray Drift. Pesticide: 2,4-D

Porongurup wine grapes damaged by herbicide spray drift

By Owen Grieve

Wednesday, 21/03/2012

Some Porongurup wine producers in WA's Great Southern are concerned about grapevine damage, seemingly from spray drift of herbicides being used in summer weed control.

Some growers have reported damage to the Department of Agriculture and Food and it appears that it's consistent with the effects of phenoxy herbicides such as 2,4-D drifting on to vines.

Angelo Diletti, from Castle Rock winery, is one grower affected.

"It's widespread within our vineyard. The growing tips of the vines have a typically mis-shapen leaves, almost certain hormone damage," he said.

"At this stage it's growing tips, so it probably hasn't affected this year. What it will do in the future I don't know."

The Department of Agriculture agrees that it is phenoxy damage and urges growers spraying summer weeds to be very careful in monitoring spraying conditions to avoid sprays drifting into susceptible crops such as grapes.

https://www.abc.net.au/site-archive/rural/news/content/201203/s3460355.htm

Porongurup wine grapes damaged by herbicide spray drift

By Owen Grieve

Wednesday, 21/03/2012

Some Porongurup wine producers in WA’s Great Southern are concerned about grapevine damage, seemingly from spray drift of herbicides being used in summer weed control.

Some growers have reported damage to the Department of Agriculture and Food and it appears that it’s consistent with the effects of phenoxy herbicides such as 2,4-D drifting on to vines.

Angelo Diletti, from Castle Rock winery, is one grower affected.

“It’s widespread within our vineyard. The growing tips of the vines have a typically mis-shapen leaves, almost certain hormone damage,” he said.

“At this stage it’s growing tips, so it probably hasn’t affected this year. What it will do in the future I don’t know.”

The Department of Agriculture agrees that it is phenoxy damage and urges growers spraying summer weeds to be very careful in monitoring spraying conditions to avoid sprays drifting into susceptible crops such as grapes.

https://www.abc.net.au/site-archive/rural/news/content/201203/s3460355.htm

1990’s: Harcourt (Vic). Health concerns related to pesticides.

CHEMICAL COWBOYS -a story of Guillain Barre Syndrome
By William Simmons, Manangatang, Victoria, Australia

"...These cases now will spend many months and years being fought out by lawyers in courts but the chemicals will still be used. In a small community outside Westwood at Harcourt, an apple growing area of country Victoria, it was revealed that birth defects and pregnancy problems were worse here than any parts of Australia. We have the statistics, we
suspect the orchard sprays but we continue to spray for the sake of productivity. What is productivity and at what cost to some are we prepared to accept to achieve these results?..."

CHEMICAL COWBOYS -a story of Guillain Barre Syndrome
By William Simmons, Manangatang, Victoria, Australia

“…These cases now will spend many months and years being fought out by lawyers in courts but the chemicals will still be used. In a small community outside Westwood at Harcourt, an apple growing area of country Victoria, it was revealed that birth defects and pregnancy problems were worse here than any parts of Australia. We have the statistics, we
suspect the orchard sprays but we continue to spray for the sake of productivity. What is productivity and at what cost to some are we prepared to accept to achieve these results?…”

1999 October: Wakool (NSW). Vineyard Exposure.

CHEMICAL COWBOYS -a story of Guillain Barre Syndrome
By William Simmons, Manangatang, Victoria, Australia

"...I was working in a vineyard at Wakool in October 1999 when I got sprayed. My life will never be the same. I was working in the vineyard for approximately five months before I got sprayed. The day it happened I was working with the leading hand de-budding vines. The vines we were working in run from row 1 to row 123. At 10.00am we were close to the top of row 68/69 and stopped for morning tea. We had only sat down for some 2-3 minutes when the owner of the property arrived in an octopus double lane sprayer down row 70/71 and sprayed us. The thick vapour was impossible to escape and the smell was repugnant. The owner quickly took off down the next available row and left the property...."

CHEMICAL COWBOYS -a story of Guillain Barre Syndrome
By William Simmons, Manangatang, Victoria, Australia

“…I was working in a vineyard at Wakool in October 1999 when I got sprayed. My life will never be the same. I was working in the vineyard for approximately five months before I got sprayed. The day it happened I was working with the leading hand de-budding vines. The vines we were working in run from row 1 to row 123. At 10.00am we were close to the top of row 68/69 and stopped for morning tea. We had only sat down for some 2-3 minutes when the owner of the property arrived in an octopus double lane sprayer down row 70/71 and sprayed us. The thick vapour was impossible to escape and the smell was repugnant. The owner quickly took off down the next available row and left the property….”

2012 January: Ku-ring-gai (NSW) Stormwater. Pesticides: Diuron, MCPA, DEET

Health Risk Assessment of Urban Stormwater
December 2012
Urban Water Security Research Alliance
Technical Report No. 102

Ku-ring-gai (NSW)

DEET

31/1/12 0.26

Diuron: ~0.03
MCPA ~0.01

Health Risk Assessment of Urban Stormwater
December 2012
Urban Water Security Research Alliance
Technical Report No. 102

Ku-ring-gai (NSW)

DEET

31/1/12 0.26

Diuron: ~0.03
MCPA ~0.01

2012 February: Blackmans Swamp Creek Orange. Pesticides: Diuron, DEET, MCPA

Health Risk Assessment of Urban Stormwater
December 2012
Urban Water Security Research Alliance
Technical Report No. 102

Orange - Blackmans Swamp Creek (NSW)

DEET

2/2/12 0.07

Diuron ~0.03
MCPA ~0.06

Health Risk Assessment of Urban Stormwater
December 2012
Urban Water Security Research Alliance
Technical Report No. 102

Orange – Blackmans Swamp Creek (NSW)

DEET

2/2/12 0.07

Diuron ~0.03
MCPA ~0.06

2011 December – 2012 April: Banyan Reserve (Vic). Pesticides: MCPA, Diuron, DEET

Health Risk Assessment of Urban Stormwater
December 2012
Urban Water Security Research Alliance
Technical Report No. 102

Banyan Reserve (Vic)

DEET

1/12/11 0.12
5/2/12 0.43
27/2/12 0.24
28/4/12 0.04

Diuron: ~0.06 - 0.1
MCPA ~0.011 - 0.4

Health Risk Assessment of Urban Stormwater
December 2012
Urban Water Security Research Alliance
Technical Report No. 102

Banyan Reserve (Vic)

DEET

1/12/11 0.12
5/2/12 0.43
27/2/12 0.24
28/4/12 0.04

Diuron: ~0.06 – 0.1
MCPA ~0.011 – 0.4

2011 October – 2012 February: Hornsby (NSW) Stormwater. Pesticides: MCPA, Diuron, DEET

Health Risk Assessment of Urban Stormwater
December 2012
Urban Water Security Research Alliance
Technical Report No. 102

Hornsby

DEET

26/10/11 0.1
17/11/11 0.1
15/1/12 0.37
23/1/12 0.48
31/1/12 0.39
12/2/12 0.48

Diuron: ~0.005 - 0.015
MCPA ~0.005 - 0.08

Health Risk Assessment of Urban Stormwater
December 2012
Urban Water Security Research Alliance
Technical Report No. 102

Hornsby

DEET

26/10/11 0.1
17/11/11 0.1
15/1/12 0.37
23/1/12 0.48
31/1/12 0.39
12/2/12 0.48

Diuron: ~0.005 – 0.015
MCPA ~0.005 – 0.08

2012 February: Smith Street Collingwood Stormwater. Pesticides: DEET, MCPA, Diuron

Health Risk Assessment of Urban Stormwater
December 2012
Urban Water Security Research Alliance
Technical Report No. 102

Smith Street (Vic)

DEET

28/2/12: 0.33
27/2/12: 0.26

Diuron: ~0.4
MCPA ~0.03 - 0.07

Health Risk Assessment of Urban Stormwater
December 2012
Urban Water Security Research Alliance
Technical Report No. 102

Smith Street (Vic)

DEET

28/2/12: 0.33
27/2/12: 0.26

Diuron: ~0.4
MCPA ~0.03 – 0.07

2012 February – 2012 April: Makerston Street Brisbane Stormwater. Pesticides: MCPA, Diuron, DEET

Health Risk Assessment of Urban Stormwater
December 2012
Urban Water Security Research Alliance
Technical Report No. 102

Makerston Street, Brisbane (Qld)

DEET

26/2/12 0.15
3/3/12 0.33
7/3/12 0.86
16/4/12 0.28
29/4/12 0.12

Diuron: ~0.04 - 1
MCPA ~0.02 - 0.1

Health Risk Assessment of Urban Stormwater
December 2012
Urban Water Security Research Alliance
Technical Report No. 102

Makerston (Qld)

DEET

26/2/12 0.15
3/3/12 0.33
7/3/12 0.86
16/4/12 0.28
29/4/12 0.12

Diuron: ~0.04 – 1
MCPA ~0.02 – 0.1

2012 January – 2012 April: Fitzgibbon (Qld). Stormwater. Pesticides: MCPA, Diuron, DEET

Health Risk Assessment of Urban Stormwater
December 2012
Urban Water Security Research Alliance
Technical Report No. 102

Fitzgibbon (Qld)

DEET

27/1/12: 0.14
14/4/12: 0.46
17/4/12: 0.02
27/4/12: 0.86

Diuron: ~0.01 - 0.3
MCPA ~0.01 - 0.2

Health Risk Assessment of Urban Stormwater
December 2012
Urban Water Security Research Alliance
Technical Report No. 102

Fitzgibbon (Qld)

DEET

27/1/12: 0.14
14/4/12: 0.46
17/4/12: 0.02
27/4/12: 0.86

Diuron: ~0.01 – 0.3
MCPA ~0.01 – 0.2

1988 December: Kensington (Vic) United Transport Services Fire.

The major emergency during the year was the chemical fire at United Transport Services (UTS) premises in Footscray Rood, Kensington. Over 3000 tonnes of chemicals, including plastics, and smaller volumes of hazardous material such as flammable liquids, herbicides and wood presrvatives were involved.

 

https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1988-92No74.pdf

The major emergency during the year was the chemical fire at United Transport Services (UTS) premises in Footscray Rood, Kensington. Over 3000 tonnes of chemicals, including plastics, and smaller volumes of hazardous material such as flammable liquids, herbicides and wood presrvatives were involved.

https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1988-92No74.pdf

1988 – 1989: Croydon South Dorset Road. ICI Merrindale Research Station

EPA Annual Report 1989

 

ICI Merrindale

 

ICI, under EPA's supervision, has removed 1500 drums of pesticide-contaminated soil from its former Merrindale research station in Croydon. This material has been classified into categories based on waste levels and EPA has begun a process of assessment of material for disposal. Approximately 30 per cent of the drums are highly contaminated and will require high temperature incineration. After removal of the contaminated soil. the land was sold for development. EPA is assisting the Shire of Croydon to develop a subdivision plan to minimise the environmental impact of future industrial development on adjoining residential land.

 

https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1988-92No74.pdf

EPA Annual Report 1989

ICI Merrindale

ICI, under EPA’s supervision, has removed 1500 drums of pesticide-contaminated soil from its former Merrindale research station in Croydon. This material has been classified into

categories based on waste levels and EPA has begun a process of assessment of material

for disposal. Approximately 30 per cent of the drums are highly contaminated and will require high temperature incineration. After removal of the contaminated soil. the land was

sold for development. EPA is assisting the Shire of Croydon to develop a subdivision plan to

minimise the environmental impact of future industrial development on adjoining residential land.

https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1988-92No74.pdf

1997 December – 1998 November: Imbil (Qld). Pesticides: Atrazine and metabolites.

Source: APVMA

https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/atrazine-phase-6-second-draft-final-review-report.pdf

The reconsideration of approvals of the active constituent atrazine,registrations of products containing atrazine, and their associated labels.

SECOND DRAFT FINAL REVIEW REPORT Including additional assessments

 

Timber Plantation Trials

p55 Surface Water Monitoring for Atrazine in Queensland Timber Plantations

Surface water monitoring in Queensland was conducted in a hoop pine plantation at Imbil in the south-east corner of the State. The 8 ha study site was situated on silty clay soils, at an elevation of 100-300 m with slopes of 5 to 30o. Atrazine was manually applied along the tree row, by knapsack at 5 kg/ha (overall rate 2.25 kg/ha) on six occasions over a 2 year period. The subtropical climate demanded more frequent treatments in order to achievesatisfactory weed control, but also leads to a shorter half-

life for atrazine in soil. Summer rainfall is dominant at this subtropical location, and was near average at 1130 mm in year 1 and well above at 1703 mm in year 2, with a correspondingly high number of flood events (19 at the upstream station and 21 downstream). One large storm in February of the second year delivered 540 mm over a 3 day period and caused a major flood event.

 

Atrazine was applied four times in the first year, in December 1997 and April, August and November 1998. Flood events occurred 2, 34 and 53 days after the first treatment, 1 and 9 days after the second, 27 and 91 days after the third, and 2, 29 and 43 days after the fourth in the high CAR (94%). Atrazine concentrations at the upstream station remained in the low ppb range for the first and last treatments, but reached 109μg/L for the second treatment (in the second event) and 127.7μg/L for the third (first event). Atrazine was accompanied by significant amounts (in the order of 10%) of the dealkylated metabolites DEA and DIA, the former being predominant. Peak concentrations at the low CAR (4.4%) downstream station, after each application were 7.6, 18.2, 105.5 and 25.6μg/L (note not always in the first flood event, and that the duration of the peaks was brief).

 

Previous experience with hoop pine plantation establishment had indicated that surface runoff is much more likely to be generated from point sources than from the general plantation area, the high infiltration capacity of which is enhanced by slash retention and contoured windrows which pond runoff water. Direct contamination of watercourses was discounted as these were protected and chemical was applied manually. Road areas (including access tracks and snig tracks within the plantation) were suspected as the main source of contamination because of their high rainfall runoff coefficient. Drainage outlets compounded the problem as they flowed directly to watercourses via roadside drains, rather than being directed back into the general plantation area via water spreading structures.

 

A number of procedural changes were introduced in late 1998 to minimise the risk of contamination. Roadside transfer of herbicide mix from tanker to knapsacks was restricted to areas where drainage was directed back into the plantation, with staff instructed to minimise the possibility of spillage during transfer and test the spray units only within the plantation area. Application to potential point sources in the general plantation area, such as access tracks and snig tracks, was to be avoided.

 

Treatments in 1999 occurred in February and October, with flood events at the high CAR station 11, 77, 126, 189 and 234 days after the first treatment and 1 and 13 days after the second. Atrazine concentrations, at the upstream stations, were elevated after the first treatment, reaching 41.8μg/L in the first of two events 11 days after treatment, and 50.4μg/L in the second. Concentrations remained in the low ppb range after the second treatment. At the downstream station, concentrations did not exceed 2.3μ g/L..."

Source: APVMA

https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/atrazine-phase-6-second-draft-final-review-report.pdf

The reconsideration of approvals of the active constituent atrazine,registrations of products containing atrazine, and their associated labels.

SECOND DRAFT FINAL REVIEW REPORT Including additional assessments

Timber Plantation Trials

p55 Surface Water Monitoring for Atrazine in Queensland Timber Plantations

Surface water monitoring in Queensland was conducted in a hoop pine plantation at

Imbil in the south-east corner of the State. The 8 ha study site was situated on silty clay

soils, at an elevation of 100-300 m with slopes of 5 to 30o. Atrazine was manually

applied along the tree row, by knapsack at 5 kg/ha (overall rate 2.25 kg/ha) on six

occasions over a 2 year period. The subtropical climate demanded more frequent

treatments in order to achievesatisfactory weed control, but also leads to a shorter half-

life for atrazine in soil. Summer rainfall is dominant at this subtropical location, and

was near average at 1130 mm in year 1 and well above at 1703 mm in year 2, with a

correspondingly high number of flood events (19 at the upstream station and 21

downstream). One large storm in February of the second year delivered 540 mm over a

3 day period and caused a major flood event.

Atrazine was applied four times in the first year, in December 1997 and April, August

and November 1998. Flood events occurred 2, 34 and 53 days after the first treatment,

1 and 9 days after the second, 27 and 91 days after the third, and 2, 29 and 43 days after

the fourth in the high CAR (94%). Atrazine concentrations at the upstream station

remained in the low ppb range for the first and last treatments, but reached 109μg/L for the second treatment (in the second event) and 127.7μg/L for the third (first event). Atrazine was accompanied by significant amounts (in the order of 10%) of the dealkylated metabolites DEA and DIA, the former being predominant. Peak concentrations at the low CAR (4.4%) downstream station, after each application were 7.6, 18.2, 105.5 and 25.6μg/L (note not always in the first flood event, and that the duration of the peaks was brief).

Previous experience with hoop pine plantation establishment had indicated that surface

runoff is much more likely to be generated from point sources than from the general

plantation area, the high infiltration capacity of which is enhanced by slash retention and contoured windrows which pond runoff water. Direct contamination of watercourses was discounted as these were protected and chemical was applied manually.

Road areas (including access tracks and snig tracks within the plantation) were suspected as the main source of contamination because of their high rainfall runoff coefficient. Drainage outlets compounded the problem as they flowed directly to watercourses via roadside drains, rather than being directed back into the general plantation area via water

spreading structures.

A number of procedural changes were introduced in late 1998 to minimise the risk of

contamination. Roadside transfer of herbicide mix from tanker to knapsacks was

restricted to areas where drainage was directed back into the plantation, with staff

instructed to minimise the possibility of spillage during transfer and test the spray units

only within the plantation area. Application to potential point sources in the general

plantation area, such as access tracks and snig tracks, was to be avoided.

Treatments in 1999 occurred in February and October, with flood events at the high CAR station 11, 77, 126, 189 and 234 days after the first treatment and 1 and 13 days after the second. Atrazine concentrations, at the upstream stations, were elevated after the first treatment, reaching 41.8μg/L in the first of two events 11 days after treatment, and 50.4μg/L in the second. Concentrations remained in the low ppb range after the second treatment. At the downstream station, concentrations did not exceed 2.3μ g/L…”

1996 October – 1997 August: Mt Canobolas (NSW) Atrazine experiments.

Source: APVMA

https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/atrazine-phase-6-second-draft-final-review-report.pdf

The reconsideration of approvals of the active constituent atrazine,registrations of products containing atrazine, and their associated labels.

SECOND DRAFT FINAL REVIEW REPORT Including additional assessments

 

Timber Plantation Trials

p53 Surface Water Monitoring for Atrazine in NSW Timber Plantations

Surface water monitoring in NSW was conducted at Canobolas in the central-west of the state near the town of Orange.

Two moderately sloping catchments on the eastern and western sides of Mt Canobolas were chosen. Ground spraying used on the first site, aerial spraying on the second site. Liquid formulations used during the first year and core-coated granules in the second year.

Atrazine concentrations were monitored at two locations. "Concentrations remained below 1 ug/L at both upstream locations in the second year... They were above the threshold in the first year for about 2 months at one station (maximum 2.9 ug/L 25 days after treatment) and about a month at the other station (maximum 20 ug/L on the morning of the fourth day after treatment, declining to 5 ug/L by the evening of the second day)... desethylatrazine (DEA) was found at the former station at concentrations up to 0.9ug/L, but only after the second day of the trial...The second rotation site was served by two monitoring stations, one at the exit of the plantation and the second 7 km downstream. Atrazine concentrations in stream water leaving the site did not exceed 1 ug/L in the first year, except for the day of treatment when 13ug/L was recorded. In the second year, a marked spike of atrazine (61ug/L) was detected in water at the first weir on the first day after treatment (20 August 1997). Concentrations remained elevated at this location for the next three months (26.5ug/L on 5 September, 4.7ug/L on 8 October, 1.2ug/L on 7 November). Residues were diluted below 0.2ug/L at the downstream monitoring station, except for a single sample in September 1997 containing 0.6ug/L. Metabolites remained undetectable in the first season, but desethylatrazine reached 1ug/L in September 1997 at the upstream station....Two flood events were sampled, 131 days after the first treatment and 15 days after the second. Peak concentrations at the high CAR station were 1.0 and 26.5 ug/L respectively..."

Source: APVMA

https://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/atrazine-phase-6-second-draft-final-review-report.pdf

The reconsideration of approvals of the active constituent atrazine,registrations of products containing atrazine, and their associated labels.

SECOND DRAFT FINAL REVIEW REPORT Including additional assessments

Timber Plantation Trials

p53 Surface Water Monitoring for Atrazine in NSW Timber Plantations

Surface water monitoring in NSW was conducted at Canobolas in the central-west of the state near the town of Orange.

Two moderately sloping catchments on the eastern and western sides of Mt Canobolas were chosen. Ground spraying used on the first site, aerial spraying on the second site. Liquid formulations used during the first year and core-coated granules in the second year.

Atrazine concentrations were monitored at two locations. “Concentrations remained below 1 ug/L at both upstream locations in the second year… They were above the threshold in the first year for about 2 months at one station (maximum 2.9 ug/L 25 days after treatment) and about a month at the other station (maximum 20 ug/L on the morning of the fourth day after treatment, declining to 5 ug/L by the evening of the second day)… desethylatrazine (DEA) was found at the former station at concentrations up to 0.9ug/L, but only after the second day of the trial…The second rotation site was served by two monitoring stations, one at the exit of the plantation and the second 7 km downstream. Atrazine concentrations in stream water leaving the site did not exceed 1 ug/L in the first year, except for the day of treatment when 13ug/L was recorded. In the second year, a marked spike of atrazine (61ug/L) was detected in water at the first weir on the first day after treatment (20 August 1997). Concentrations remained elevated at this location for the next three months (26.5ug/L on 5 September, 4.7ug/L on 8 October, 1.2ug/L on 7 November). Residues were diluted below 0.2ug/L at the downstream monitoring station, except for a single sample in September 1997 containing 0.6ug/L. Metabolites remained undetectable in the first season, but desethylatrazine reached 1ug/L in September 1997 at the upstream station….Two flood events were sampled, 131 days after the first treatment and 15 days after the second. Peak concentrations at the high CAR station were 1.0 and 26.5 ug/L respectively…”

 

1985 December: Entrance to Mt Bold Reservoir (SA). Pesticides: DDE, DDT

Pesticide Contamination of South Australian Waters

Appendix 4

Pesticides in Sediment - Concentration ug/kg - dry weight

Onkarparinga River - Entrance to Mount Bold:

3/12/85: DDE 8, Sum DDT 8

Stream into Onkaparinga River - entrance to Mount Bold

3/12/85: DDE 16,  Sum DDT 16

Pesticide Contamination of South Australian Waters

Appendix 4

Pesticides in Sediment – Concentration ug/kg – dry weight

Onkarparinga River – Entrance to Mount Bold:

3/12/85: DDE 8, Sum DDT 8

Stream into Onkaparinga River – entrance to Mount Bold

3/12/85: DDE 16,  Sum DDT 16

1985 October – 1986 March: Mylor (SA) Onkarparinga River. Pesticides in Sediment: Dachtal, DDE, TDE, DDT

Pesticide Contamination of South Australian Waters

Appendix 4

Pesticides in Sediment - Concentration ug/kg - dry weight

Onkarparinga River - Mylor:

10/10/85: Dachtal 23, DDE 24, TDE 17, DDT 29, Sum DDT 70

3/12/85: Dachtal 7, DDE 14, TDE 17, DDT 7, Sum DDT 38

14/3/86: DDE 24,  Sum DDT 70

Pesticide Contamination of South Australian Waters

Appendix 4

Pesticides in Sediment – Concentration ug/kg – dry weight

Onkarparinga River – Mylor:

10/10/85: Dachtal 23, DDE 24, TDE 17, DDT 29, Sum DDT 70

3/12/85: Dachtal 7, DDE 14, TDE 17, DDT 7, Sum DDT 38

14/3/86: DDE 24,  Sum DDT 70

1974 August: Pine Creek (SA). Pesticides in Trench: HCB, Dieldrin, Heptachlor, Heptachlor Epoxide, DDE

Appendix 5

Table 1.

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a Fat Basis

mg/kg

Tickera - Yel lowfin whiting 29/3/74, HCB 0.25, Lindane 0.63, Dieldrin 3.0, DDT 3.75

Gurra Lakes - Bony Bream 29/4/74 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.01, Dieldin 0.08, DDE 0.11, DDD 0.1

Bluff Beach - SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.02 Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.22

Bluff Beach - SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.39, DDE 0.39

Whyalla - Snapper 9/10/74 HCB 0.05, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.24, DDT 0.11

Cowell - Snapper 14/1/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.46, DDE 0.38, DDT 0.5

Gurra Lakes - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.06, Lindane 0.02, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.23, DDD 0.24, DDT 0.15

Gurra Lakes - Redfin 26/2/75 Dieldrin 0.75, DDE 0.5, DDT 1.06

Loxton - Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.04, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.27, DDD 0.43, DDT 0.16

Gurra Lakes - Catfish 26/2/75 HCB 0.03, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.42, DDE 0.39, DDD 0.28, DDT 0.25

Gurra Lakes - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.13, DDE 0.15, DDD 0.11, DDT 0.21

Renmark - Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.41, DDD 0.26, DDT 0.28

Renmark - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.09, DDD 0.07, DDT 0.11

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.19, Dieldrin 0.92, DDE 0.46, DDT 0.42

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 Lindane 0.38, Dieldrin 1.25, DDE 0.63, DDT 0.88

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.25, Dieldrin 0.6, DDE 0.2, DDT 0,2

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.21, Dieldrin 0.63, DDE 0.25, DDT 0.19

Table 2

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a flesh basis

Coffin Bay - Spotted Whiting 31/7/74 Lindane 0.0001, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0004, DDE 0.0003

Whyalla - Garfish 6/8/74 Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.001, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0005, DDE 0.0007

Whyalla - Garfish 6/8/74 HCB 0.002, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0006

Gurra Lakes - Redfin 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, DDE 0.0006

Pine Creek - Trench 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, Heptachlor 0.0011, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0008, DDE 0.0005

Appendix 5

Table 1.

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a Fat Basis

mg/kg

Tickera – Yel lowfin whiting 29/3/74, HCB 0.25, Lindane 0.63, Dieldrin 3.0, DDT 3.75

Gurra Lakes – Bony Bream 29/4/74 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.01, Dieldin 0.08, DDE 0.11, DDD 0.1

Bluff Beach – SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.02 Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.22

Bluff Beach – SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.39, DDE 0.39

Whyalla – Snapper 9/10/74 HCB 0.05, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.24, DDT 0.11

Cowell – Snapper 14/1/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.46, DDE 0.38, DDT 0.5

Gurra Lakes – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.06, Lindane 0.02, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.23, DDD 0.24, DDT 0.15

Gurra Lakes – Redfin 26/2/75 Dieldrin 0.75, DDE 0.5, DDT 1.06

Loxton – Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.04, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.27, DDD 0.43, DDT 0.16

Gurra Lakes – Catfish 26/2/75 HCB 0.03, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.42, DDE 0.39, DDD 0.28, DDT 0.25

Gurra Lakes – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.13, DDE 0.15, DDD 0.11, DDT 0.21

Renmark – Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.41, DDD 0.26, DDT 0.28

Renmark – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.09, DDD 0.07, DDT 0.11

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.19, Dieldrin 0.92, DDE 0.46, DDT 0.42

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 Lindane 0.38, Dieldrin 1.25, DDE 0.63, DDT 0.88

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.25, Dieldrin 0.6, DDE 0.2, DDT 0,2

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.21, Dieldrin 0.63, DDE 0.25, DDT 0.19

Table 2

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a flesh basis

Coffin Bay – Spotted Whiting 31/7/74 Lindane 0.0001, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0004, DDE 0.0003

Whyalla – Garfish 6/8/74 Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.001, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0005, DDE 0.0007

Whyalla – Garfish 6/8/74 HCB 0.002, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0006

Gurra Lakes – Redfin 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, DDE 0.0006

Pine Creek – Trench 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, Heptachlor 0.0011, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0008, DDE 0.0005

1974 July: Coffin Bay (SA). Pesticides in Spotted Whiting. Lindane, Dieldrin, Heptachlor, Heptachlor Epoxide, DDE

Appendix 5

Table 1.

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a Fat Basis

mg/kg

Tickera - Yel lowfin whiting 29/3/74, HCB 0.25, Lindane 0.63, Dieldrin 3.0, DDT 3.75

Gurra Lakes - Bony Bream 29/4/74 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.01, Dieldin 0.08, DDE 0.11, DDD 0.1

Bluff Beach - SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.02 Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.22

Bluff Beach - SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.39, DDE 0.39

Whyalla - Snapper 9/10/74 HCB 0.05, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.24, DDT 0.11

Cowell - Snapper 14/1/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.46, DDE 0.38, DDT 0.5

Gurra Lakes - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.06, Lindane 0.02, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.23, DDD 0.24, DDT 0.15

Gurra Lakes - Redfin 26/2/75 Dieldrin 0.75, DDE 0.5, DDT 1.06

Loxton - Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.04, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.27, DDD 0.43, DDT 0.16

Gurra Lakes - Catfish 26/2/75 HCB 0.03, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.42, DDE 0.39, DDD 0.28, DDT 0.25

Gurra Lakes - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.13, DDE 0.15, DDD 0.11, DDT 0.21

Renmark - Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.41, DDD 0.26, DDT 0.28

Renmark - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.09, DDD 0.07, DDT 0.11

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.19, Dieldrin 0.92, DDE 0.46, DDT 0.42

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 Lindane 0.38, Dieldrin 1.25, DDE 0.63, DDT 0.88

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.25, Dieldrin 0.6, DDE 0.2, DDT 0,2

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.21, Dieldrin 0.63, DDE 0.25, DDT 0.19

Table 2

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a flesh basis

Coffin Bay - Spotted Whiting 31/7/74 Lindane 0.0001, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0004, DDE 0.0003

Whyalla - Garfish 6/8/74 Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.001, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0005, DDE 0.0007

Whyalla - Garfish 6/8/74 HCB 0.002, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0006

Gurra Lakes - Redfin 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, DDE 0.0006

Pine Creek - Trench 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, Heptachlor 0.0011, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0008, DDE 0.0005

Appendix 5

Table 1.

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a Fat Basis

mg/kg

Tickera – Yel lowfin whiting 29/3/74, HCB 0.25, Lindane 0.63, Dieldrin 3.0, DDT 3.75

Gurra Lakes – Bony Bream 29/4/74 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.01, Dieldin 0.08, DDE 0.11, DDD 0.1

Bluff Beach – SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.02 Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.22

Bluff Beach – SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.39, DDE 0.39

Whyalla – Snapper 9/10/74 HCB 0.05, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.24, DDT 0.11

Cowell – Snapper 14/1/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.46, DDE 0.38, DDT 0.5

Gurra Lakes – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.06, Lindane 0.02, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.23, DDD 0.24, DDT 0.15

Gurra Lakes – Redfin 26/2/75 Dieldrin 0.75, DDE 0.5, DDT 1.06

Loxton – Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.04, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.27, DDD 0.43, DDT 0.16

Gurra Lakes – Catfish 26/2/75 HCB 0.03, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.42, DDE 0.39, DDD 0.28, DDT 0.25

Gurra Lakes – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.13, DDE 0.15, DDD 0.11, DDT 0.21

Renmark – Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.41, DDD 0.26, DDT 0.28

Renmark – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.09, DDD 0.07, DDT 0.11

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.19, Dieldrin 0.92, DDE 0.46, DDT 0.42

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 Lindane 0.38, Dieldrin 1.25, DDE 0.63, DDT 0.88

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.25, Dieldrin 0.6, DDE 0.2, DDT 0,2

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.21, Dieldrin 0.63, DDE 0.25, DDT 0.19

Table 2

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a flesh basis

Coffin Bay – Spotted Whiting 31/7/74 Lindane 0.0001, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0004, DDE 0.0003

Whyalla – Garfish 6/8/74 Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.001, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0005, DDE 0.0007

Whyalla – Garfish 6/8/74 HCB 0.002, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0006

Gurra Lakes – Redfin 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, DDE 0.0006

Pine Creek – Trench 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, Heptachlor 0.0011, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0008, DDE 0.0005

 

1975 February: Renmark (SA). Pesticides in Murray Cod, Redfin, Callop.

Appendix 5

Table 1.

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a Fat Basis

mg/kg

Tickera - Yel lowfin whiting 29/3/74, HCB 0.25, Lindane 0.63, Dieldrin 3.0, DDT 3.75

Gurra Lakes - Bony Bream 29/4/74 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.01, Dieldin 0.08, DDE 0.11, DDD 0.1

Bluff Beach - SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.02 Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.22

Bluff Beach - SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.39, DDE 0.39

Whyalla - Snapper 9/10/74 HCB 0.05, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.24, DDT 0.11

Cowell - Snapper 14/1/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.46, DDE 0.38, DDT 0.5

Gurra Lakes - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.06, Lindane 0.02, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.23, DDD 0.24, DDT 0.15

Gurra Lakes - Redfin 26/2/75 Dieldrin 0.75, DDE 0.5, DDT 1.06

Loxton - Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.04, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.27, DDD 0.43, DDT 0.16

Gurra Lakes - Catfish 26/2/75 HCB 0.03, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.42, DDE 0.39, DDD 0.28, DDT 0.25

Gurra Lakes - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.13, DDE 0.15, DDD 0.11, DDT 0.21

Renmark - Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.41, DDD 0.26, DDT 0.28

Renmark - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.09, DDD 0.07, DDT 0.11

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.19, Dieldrin 0.92, DDE 0.46, DDT 0.42

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 Lindane 0.38, Dieldrin 1.25, DDE 0.63, DDT 0.88

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.25, Dieldrin 0.6, DDE 0.2, DDT 0,2

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.21, Dieldrin 0.63, DDE 0.25, DDT 0.19

Table 2

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a flesh basis

Coffin Bay - Spotted Whiting 31/7/74 Lindane 0.0001, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0004, DDE 0.0003

Whyalla - Garfish 6/8/74 Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.001, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0005, DDE 0.0007

Whyalla - Garfish 6/8/74 HCB 0.002, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0006

Gurra Lakes - Redfin 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, DDE 0.0006

Pine Creek - Trench 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, Heptachlor 0.0011, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0008, DDE 0.0005

Appendix 5

Table 1.

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a Fat Basis

mg/kg

Tickera – Yel lowfin whiting 29/3/74, HCB 0.25, Lindane 0.63, Dieldrin 3.0, DDT 3.75

Gurra Lakes – Bony Bream 29/4/74 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.01, Dieldin 0.08, DDE 0.11, DDD 0.1

Bluff Beach – SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.02 Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.22

Bluff Beach – SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.39, DDE 0.39

Whyalla – Snapper 9/10/74 HCB 0.05, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.24, DDT 0.11

Cowell – Snapper 14/1/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.46, DDE 0.38, DDT 0.5

Gurra Lakes – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.06, Lindane 0.02, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.23, DDD 0.24, DDT 0.15

Gurra Lakes – Redfin 26/2/75 Dieldrin 0.75, DDE 0.5, DDT 1.06

Loxton – Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.04, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.27, DDD 0.43, DDT 0.16

Gurra Lakes – Catfish 26/2/75 HCB 0.03, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.42, DDE 0.39, DDD 0.28, DDT 0.25

Gurra Lakes – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.13, DDE 0.15, DDD 0.11, DDT 0.21

Renmark – Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.41, DDD 0.26, DDT 0.28

Renmark – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.09, DDD 0.07, DDT 0.11

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.19, Dieldrin 0.92, DDE 0.46, DDT 0.42

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 Lindane 0.38, Dieldrin 1.25, DDE 0.63, DDT 0.88

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.25, Dieldrin 0.6, DDE 0.2, DDT 0,2

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.21, Dieldrin 0.63, DDE 0.25, DDT 0.19

Table 2

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a flesh basis

Coffin Bay – Spotted Whiting 31/7/74 Lindane 0.0001, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0004, DDE 0.0003

Whyalla – Garfish 6/8/74 Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.001, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0005, DDE 0.0007

Whyalla – Garfish 6/8/74 HCB 0.002, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0006

Gurra Lakes – Redfin 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, DDE 0.0006

Pine Creek – Trench 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, Heptachlor 0.0011, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0008, DDE 0.0005

1975 February: Loxton (SA). Pesticides in Murray Cod: HCB, Lindane, Dieldrin, DDE, DDD, DDT

Appendix 5

Table 1.

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a Fat Basis

mg/kg

Tickera - Yel lowfin whiting 29/3/74, HCB 0.25, Lindane 0.63, Dieldrin 3.0, DDT 3.75

Gurra Lakes - Bony Bream 29/4/74 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.01, Dieldin 0.08, DDE 0.11, DDD 0.1

Bluff Beach - SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.02 Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.22

Bluff Beach - SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.39, DDE 0.39

Whyalla - Snapper 9/10/74 HCB 0.05, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.24, DDT 0.11

Cowell - Snapper 14/1/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.46, DDE 0.38, DDT 0.5

Gurra Lakes - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.06, Lindane 0.02, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.23, DDD 0.24, DDT 0.15

Gurra Lakes - Redfin 26/2/75 Dieldrin 0.75, DDE 0.5, DDT 1.06

Loxton - Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.04, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.27, DDD 0.43, DDT 0.16

Gurra Lakes - Catfish 26/2/75 HCB 0.03, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.42, DDE 0.39, DDD 0.28, DDT 0.25

Gurra Lakes - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.13, DDE 0.15, DDD 0.11, DDT 0.21

Renmark - Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.41, DDD 0.26, DDT 0.28

Renmark - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.09, DDD 0.07, DDT 0.11

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.19, Dieldrin 0.92, DDE 0.46, DDT 0.42

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 Lindane 0.38, Dieldrin 1.25, DDE 0.63, DDT 0.88

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.25, Dieldrin 0.6, DDE 0.2, DDT 0,2

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.21, Dieldrin 0.63, DDE 0.25, DDT 0.19

Table 2

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a flesh basis

Coffin Bay - Spotted Whiting 31/7/74 Lindane 0.0001, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0004, DDE 0.0003

Whyalla - Garfish 6/8/74 Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.001, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0005, DDE 0.0007

Whyalla - Garfish 6/8/74 HCB 0.002, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0006

Gurra Lakes - Redfin 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, DDE 0.0006

Pine Creek - Trench 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, Heptachlor 0.0011, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0008, DDE 0.0005

Appendix 5

Table 1.

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a Fat Basis

mg/kg

Tickera – Yel lowfin whiting 29/3/74, HCB 0.25, Lindane 0.63, Dieldrin 3.0, DDT 3.75

Gurra Lakes – Bony Bream 29/4/74 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.01, Dieldin 0.08, DDE 0.11, DDD 0.1

Bluff Beach – SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.02 Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.22

Bluff Beach – SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.39, DDE 0.39

Whyalla – Snapper 9/10/74 HCB 0.05, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.24, DDT 0.11

Cowell – Snapper 14/1/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.46, DDE 0.38, DDT 0.5

Gurra Lakes – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.06, Lindane 0.02, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.23, DDD 0.24, DDT 0.15

Gurra Lakes – Redfin 26/2/75 Dieldrin 0.75, DDE 0.5, DDT 1.06

Loxton – Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.04, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.27, DDD 0.43, DDT 0.16

Gurra Lakes – Catfish 26/2/75 HCB 0.03, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.42, DDE 0.39, DDD 0.28, DDT 0.25

Gurra Lakes – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.13, DDE 0.15, DDD 0.11, DDT 0.21

Renmark – Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.41, DDD 0.26, DDT 0.28

Renmark – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.09, DDD 0.07, DDT 0.11

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.19, Dieldrin 0.92, DDE 0.46, DDT 0.42

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 Lindane 0.38, Dieldrin 1.25, DDE 0.63, DDT 0.88

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.25, Dieldrin 0.6, DDE 0.2, DDT 0,2

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.21, Dieldrin 0.63, DDE 0.25, DDT 0.19

Table 2

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a flesh basis

Coffin Bay – Spotted Whiting 31/7/74 Lindane 0.0001, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0004, DDE 0.0003

Whyalla – Garfish 6/8/74 Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.001, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0005, DDE 0.0007

Whyalla – Garfish 6/8/74 HCB 0.002, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0006

Gurra Lakes – Redfin 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, DDE 0.0006

Pine Creek – Trench 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, Heptachlor 0.0011, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0008, DDE 0.0005

1975 January: Cowell (SA). Pesticides in Snapper. HCB, Lindane, Dieldrin, DDE, DDT

Appendix 5

Table 1.

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a Fat Basis

mg/kg

Tickera - Yel lowfin whiting 29/3/74, HCB 0.25, Lindane 0.63, Dieldrin 3.0, DDT 3.75

Gurra Lakes - Bony Bream 29/4/74 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.01, Dieldin 0.08, DDE 0.11, DDD 0.1

Bluff Beach - SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.02 Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.22

Bluff Beach - SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.39, DDE 0.39

Whyalla - Snapper 9/10/74 HCB 0.05, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.24, DDT 0.11

Cowell - Snapper 14/1/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.46, DDE 0.38, DDT 0.5

Gurra Lakes - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.06, Lindane 0.02, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.23, DDD 0.24, DDT 0.15

Gurra Lakes - Redfin 26/2/75 Dieldrin 0.75, DDE 0.5, DDT 1.06

Loxton - Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.04, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.27, DDD 0.43, DDT 0.16

Gurra Lakes - Catfish 26/2/75 HCB 0.03, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.42, DDE 0.39, DDD 0.28, DDT 0.25

Gurra Lakes - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.13, DDE 0.15, DDD 0.11, DDT 0.21

Renmark - Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.41, DDD 0.26, DDT 0.28

Renmark - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.09, DDD 0.07, DDT 0.11

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.19, Dieldrin 0.92, DDE 0.46, DDT 0.42

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 Lindane 0.38, Dieldrin 1.25, DDE 0.63, DDT 0.88

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.25, Dieldrin 0.6, DDE 0.2, DDT 0,2

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.21, Dieldrin 0.63, DDE 0.25, DDT 0.19

Table 2

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a flesh basis

Coffin Bay - Spotted Whiting 31/7/74 Lindane 0.0001, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0004, DDE 0.0003

Whyalla - Garfish 6/8/74 Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.001, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0005, DDE 0.0007

Whyalla - Garfish 6/8/74 HCB 0.002, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0006

Gurra Lakes - Redfin 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, DDE 0.0006

Pine Creek - Trench 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, Heptachlor 0.0011, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0008, DDE 0.0005

Appendix 5

Table 1.

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a Fat Basis

mg/kg

Tickera – Yel lowfin whiting 29/3/74, HCB 0.25, Lindane 0.63, Dieldrin 3.0, DDT 3.75

Gurra Lakes – Bony Bream 29/4/74 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.01, Dieldin 0.08, DDE 0.11, DDD 0.1

Bluff Beach – SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.02 Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.22

Bluff Beach – SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.39, DDE 0.39

Whyalla – Snapper 9/10/74 HCB 0.05, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.24, DDT 0.11

Cowell – Snapper 14/1/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.46, DDE 0.38, DDT 0.5

Gurra Lakes – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.06, Lindane 0.02, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.23, DDD 0.24, DDT 0.15

Gurra Lakes – Redfin 26/2/75 Dieldrin 0.75, DDE 0.5, DDT 1.06

Loxton – Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.04, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.27, DDD 0.43, DDT 0.16

Gurra Lakes – Catfish 26/2/75 HCB 0.03, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.42, DDE 0.39, DDD 0.28, DDT 0.25

Gurra Lakes – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.13, DDE 0.15, DDD 0.11, DDT 0.21

Renmark – Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.41, DDD 0.26, DDT 0.28

Renmark – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.09, DDD 0.07, DDT 0.11

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.19, Dieldrin 0.92, DDE 0.46, DDT 0.42

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 Lindane 0.38, Dieldrin 1.25, DDE 0.63, DDT 0.88

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.25, Dieldrin 0.6, DDE 0.2, DDT 0,2

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.21, Dieldrin 0.63, DDE 0.25, DDT 0.19

Table 2

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a flesh basis

Coffin Bay – Spotted Whiting 31/7/74 Lindane 0.0001, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0004, DDE 0.0003

Whyalla – Garfish 6/8/74 Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.001, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0005, DDE 0.0007

Whyalla – Garfish 6/8/74 HCB 0.002, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0006

Gurra Lakes – Redfin 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, DDE 0.0006

Pine Creek – Trench 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, Heptachlor 0.0011, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0008, DDE 0.0005

1974 August – October: Whyalla (SA). Pesticides in Snapper, Garfish, Spotted Whiting

Appendix 5

Table 1.

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a Fat Basis

mg/kg

Tickera - Yel lowfin whiting 29/3/74, HCB 0.25, Lindane 0.63, Dieldrin 3.0, DDT 3.75

Gurra Lakes - Bony Bream 29/4/74 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.01, Dieldin 0.08, DDE 0.11, DDD 0.1

Bluff Beach - SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.02 Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.22

Bluff Beach - SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.39, DDE 0.39

Whyalla - Snapper 9/10/74 HCB 0.05, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.24, DDT 0.11

Cowell - Snapper 14/1/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.46, DDE 0.38, DDT 0.5

Gurra Lakes - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.06, Lindane 0.02, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.23, DDD 0.24, DDT 0.15

Gurra Lakes - Redfin 26/2/75 Dieldrin 0.75, DDE 0.5, DDT 1.06

Loxton - Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.04, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.27, DDD 0.43, DDT 0.16

Gurra Lakes - Catfish 26/2/75 HCB 0.03, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.42, DDE 0.39, DDD 0.28, DDT 0.25

Gurra Lakes - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.13, DDE 0.15, DDD 0.11, DDT 0.21

Renmark - Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.41, DDD 0.26, DDT 0.28

Renmark - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.09, DDD 0.07, DDT 0.11

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.19, Dieldrin 0.92, DDE 0.46, DDT 0.42

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 Lindane 0.38, Dieldrin 1.25, DDE 0.63, DDT 0.88

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.25, Dieldrin 0.6, DDE 0.2, DDT 0,2

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.21, Dieldrin 0.63, DDE 0.25, DDT 0.19

Table 2

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a flesh basis

Coffin Bay - Spotted Whiting 31/7/74 Lindane 0.0001, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0004, DDE 0.0003

Whyalla - Garfish 6/8/74 Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.001, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0005, DDE 0.0007

Whyalla - Garfish 6/8/74 HCB 0.002, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0006

Gurra Lakes - Redfin 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, DDE 0.0006

Pine Creek - Trench 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, Heptachlor 0.0011, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0008, DDE 0.0005

Appendix 5

Table 1.

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a Fat Basis

mg/kg

Tickera – Yel lowfin whiting 29/3/74, HCB 0.25, Lindane 0.63, Dieldrin 3.0, DDT 3.75

Gurra Lakes – Bony Bream 29/4/74 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.01, Dieldin 0.08, DDE 0.11, DDD 0.1

Bluff Beach – SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.02 Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.22

Bluff Beach – SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.39, DDE 0.39

Whyalla – Snapper 9/10/74 HCB 0.05, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.24, DDT 0.11

Cowell – Snapper 14/1/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.46, DDE 0.38, DDT 0.5

Gurra Lakes – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.06, Lindane 0.02, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.23, DDD 0.24, DDT 0.15

Gurra Lakes – Redfin 26/2/75 Dieldrin 0.75, DDE 0.5, DDT 1.06

Loxton – Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.04, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.27, DDD 0.43, DDT 0.16

Gurra Lakes – Catfish 26/2/75 HCB 0.03, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.42, DDE 0.39, DDD 0.28, DDT 0.25

Gurra Lakes – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.13, DDE 0.15, DDD 0.11, DDT 0.21

Renmark – Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.41, DDD 0.26, DDT 0.28

Renmark – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.09, DDD 0.07, DDT 0.11

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.19, Dieldrin 0.92, DDE 0.46, DDT 0.42

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 Lindane 0.38, Dieldrin 1.25, DDE 0.63, DDT 0.88

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.25, Dieldrin 0.6, DDE 0.2, DDT 0,2

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.21, Dieldrin 0.63, DDE 0.25, DDT 0.19

Table 2

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a flesh basis

Coffin Bay – Spotted Whiting 31/7/74 Lindane 0.0001, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0004, DDE 0.0003

Whyalla – Garfish 6/8/74 Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.001, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0005, DDE 0.0007

Whyalla – Garfish 6/8/74 HCB 0.002, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0006

Gurra Lakes – Redfin 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, DDE 0.0006

Pine Creek – Trench 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, Heptachlor 0.0011, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0008, DDE 0.0005

1974 October: Bluff Beach (SA). Pesticides in Snook: Lindane, Dieldrin, DDE

Appendix 5

Table 1.

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a Fat Basis

mg/kg

Tickera - Yel lowfin whiting 29/3/74, HCB 0.25, Lindane 0.63, Dieldrin 3.0, DDT 3.75

Gurra Lakes - Bony Bream 29/4/74 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.01, Dieldin 0.08, DDE 0.11, DDD 0.1

Bluff Beach - SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.02 Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.22

Bluff Beach - SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.39, DDE 0.39

Whyalla - Snapper 9/10/74 HCB 0.05, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.24, DDT 0.11

Cowell - Snapper 14/1/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.46, DDE 0.38, DDT 0.5

Gurra Lakes - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.06, Lindane 0.02, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.23, DDD 0.24, DDT 0.15

Gurra Lakes - Redfin 26/2/75 Dieldrin 0.75, DDE 0.5, DDT 1.06

Loxton - Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.04, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.27, DDD 0.43, DDT 0.16

Gurra Lakes - Catfish 26/2/75 HCB 0.03, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.42, DDE 0.39, DDD 0.28, DDT 0.25

Gurra Lakes - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.13, DDE 0.15, DDD 0.11, DDT 0.21

Renmark - Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.41, DDD 0.26, DDT 0.28

Renmark - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.09, DDD 0.07, DDT 0.11

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.19, Dieldrin 0.92, DDE 0.46, DDT 0.42

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 Lindane 0.38, Dieldrin 1.25, DDE 0.63, DDT 0.88

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.25, Dieldrin 0.6, DDE 0.2, DDT 0,2

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.21, Dieldrin 0.63, DDE 0.25, DDT 0.19

Table 2

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a flesh basis

Coffin Bay - Spotted Whiting 31/7/74 Lindane 0.0001, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0004, DDE 0.0003

Whyalla - Garfish 6/8/74 Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.001, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0005, DDE 0.0007

Whyalla - Garfish 6/8/74 HCB 0.002, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0006

Gurra Lakes - Redfin 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, DDE 0.0006

Pine Creek - Trench 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, Heptachlor 0.0011, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0008, DDE 0.0005

Appendix 5

Table 1.

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a Fat Basis

mg/kg

Tickera – Yel lowfin whiting 29/3/74, HCB 0.25, Lindane 0.63, Dieldrin 3.0, DDT 3.75

Gurra Lakes – Bony Bream 29/4/74 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.01, Dieldin 0.08, DDE 0.11, DDD 0.1

Bluff Beach – SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.02 Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.22

Bluff Beach – SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.39, DDE 0.39

Whyalla – Snapper 9/10/74 HCB 0.05, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.24, DDT 0.11

Cowell – Snapper 14/1/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.46, DDE 0.38, DDT 0.5

Gurra Lakes – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.06, Lindane 0.02, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.23, DDD 0.24, DDT 0.15

Gurra Lakes – Redfin 26/2/75 Dieldrin 0.75, DDE 0.5, DDT 1.06

Loxton – Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.04, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.27, DDD 0.43, DDT 0.16

Gurra Lakes – Catfish 26/2/75 HCB 0.03, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.42, DDE 0.39, DDD 0.28, DDT 0.25

Gurra Lakes – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.13, DDE 0.15, DDD 0.11, DDT 0.21

Renmark – Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.41, DDD 0.26, DDT 0.28

Renmark – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.09, DDD 0.07, DDT 0.11

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.19, Dieldrin 0.92, DDE 0.46, DDT 0.42

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 Lindane 0.38, Dieldrin 1.25, DDE 0.63, DDT 0.88

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.25, Dieldrin 0.6, DDE 0.2, DDT 0,2

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.21, Dieldrin 0.63, DDE 0.25, DDT 0.19

Table 2

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a flesh basis

Coffin Bay – Spotted Whiting 31/7/74 Lindane 0.0001, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0004, DDE 0.0003

Whyalla – Garfish 6/8/74 Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.001, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0005, DDE 0.0007

Whyalla – Garfish 6/8/74 HCB 0.002, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0006

Gurra Lakes – Redfin 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, DDE 0.0006

Pine Creek – Trench 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, Heptachlor 0.0011, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0008, DDE 0.0005

1974 April – 1975 February: Gurra Lakes (SA). Pesticides in Bream, Callop, Redfin, Catfish

Appendix 5

Table 1.

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a Fat Basis

mg/kg

Tickera - Yel lowfin whiting 29/3/74, HCB 0.25, Lindane 0.63, Dieldrin 3.0, DDT 3.75

Gurra Lakes - Bony Bream 29/4/74 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.01, Dieldin 0.08, DDE 0.11, DDD 0.1

Bluff Beach - SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.02 Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.22

Bluff Beach - SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.39, DDE 0.39

Whyalla - Snapper 9/10/74 HCB 0.05, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.24, DDT 0.11

Cowell - Snapper 14/1/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.46, DDE 0.38, DDT 0.5

Gurra Lakes - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.06, Lindane 0.02, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.23, DDD 0.24, DDT 0.15

Gurra Lakes - Redfin 26/2/75 Dieldrin 0.75, DDE 0.5, DDT 1.06

Loxton - Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.04, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.27, DDD 0.43, DDT 0.16

Gurra Lakes - Catfish 26/2/75 HCB 0.03, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.42, DDE 0.39, DDD 0.28, DDT 0.25

Gurra Lakes - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.13, DDE 0.15, DDD 0.11, DDT 0.21

Renmark - Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.41, DDD 0.26, DDT 0.28

Renmark - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.09, DDD 0.07, DDT 0.11

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.19, Dieldrin 0.92, DDE 0.46, DDT 0.42

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 Lindane 0.38, Dieldrin 1.25, DDE 0.63, DDT 0.88

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.25, Dieldrin 0.6, DDE 0.2, DDT 0,2

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.21, Dieldrin 0.63, DDE 0.25, DDT 0.19

Table 2

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a flesh basis

Coffin Bay - Spotted Whiting 31/7/74 Lindane 0.0001, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0004, DDE 0.0003

Whyalla - Garfish 6/8/74 Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.001, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0005, DDE 0.0007

Whyalla - Garfish 6/8/74 HCB 0.002, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0006

Gurra Lakes - Redfin 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, DDE 0.0006

Pine Creek - Trench 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, Heptachlor 0.0011, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0008, DDE 0.0005

Appendix 5

Table 1.

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a Fat Basis

mg/kg

Tickera – Yel lowfin whiting 29/3/74, HCB 0.25, Lindane 0.63, Dieldrin 3.0, DDT 3.75

Gurra Lakes – Bony Bream 29/4/74 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.01, Dieldin 0.08, DDE 0.11, DDD 0.1

Bluff Beach – SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.02 Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.22

Bluff Beach – SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.39, DDE 0.39

Whyalla – Snapper 9/10/74 HCB 0.05, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.24, DDT 0.11

Cowell – Snapper 14/1/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.46, DDE 0.38, DDT 0.5

Gurra Lakes – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.06, Lindane 0.02, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.23, DDD 0.24, DDT 0.15

Gurra Lakes – Redfin 26/2/75 Dieldrin 0.75, DDE 0.5, DDT 1.06

Loxton – Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.04, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.27, DDD 0.43, DDT 0.16

Gurra Lakes – Catfish 26/2/75 HCB 0.03, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.42, DDE 0.39, DDD 0.28, DDT 0.25

Gurra Lakes – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.13, DDE 0.15, DDD 0.11, DDT 0.21

Renmark – Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.41, DDD 0.26, DDT 0.28

Renmark – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.09, DDD 0.07, DDT 0.11

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.19, Dieldrin 0.92, DDE 0.46, DDT 0.42

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 Lindane 0.38, Dieldrin 1.25, DDE 0.63, DDT 0.88

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.25, Dieldrin 0.6, DDE 0.2, DDT 0,2

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.21, Dieldrin 0.63, DDE 0.25, DDT 0.19

Table 2

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a flesh basis

Coffin Bay – Spotted Whiting 31/7/74 Lindane 0.0001, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0004, DDE 0.0003

Whyalla – Garfish 6/8/74 Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.001, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0005, DDE 0.0007

Whyalla – Garfish 6/8/74 HCB 0.002, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0006

Gurra Lakes – Redfin 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, DDE 0.0006

Pine Creek – Trench 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, Heptachlor 0.0011, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0008, DDE 0.0005

1974 March: Tickera (SA) Pesticides in Whiting: HCB, Lindane, Dieldrin, DDT

Appendix 5

Table 1.

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a Fat Basis

mg/kg

Tickera - Yel lowfin whiting 29/3/74, HCB 0.25, Lindane 0.63, Dieldrin 3.0, DDT 3.75

Gurra Lakes - Bony Bream 29/4/74 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.01, Dieldin 0.08, DDE 0.11, DDD 0.1

Bluff Beach - SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.02 Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.22

Bluff Beach - SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.39, DDE 0.39

Whyalla - Snapper 9/10/74 HCB 0.05, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.24, DDT 0.11

Cowell - Snapper 14/1/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.46, DDE 0.38, DDT 0.5

Gurra Lakes - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.06, Lindane 0.02, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.23, DDD 0.24, DDT 0.15

Gurra Lakes - Redfin 26/2/75 Dieldrin 0.75, DDE 0.5, DDT 1.06

Loxton - Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.04, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.27, DDD 0.43, DDT 0.16

Gurra Lakes - Catfish 26/2/75 HCB 0.03, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.42, DDE 0.39, DDD 0.28, DDT 0.25

Gurra Lakes - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.13, DDE 0.15, DDD 0.11, DDT 0.21

Renmark - Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.41, DDD 0.26, DDT 0.28

Renmark - Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.09, DDD 0.07, DDT 0.11

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.19, Dieldrin 0.92, DDE 0.46, DDT 0.42

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 Lindane 0.38, Dieldrin 1.25, DDE 0.63, DDT 0.88

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.25, Dieldrin 0.6, DDE 0.2, DDT 0,2

Renmark - Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.21, Dieldrin 0.63, DDE 0.25, DDT 0.19

Table 2

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a flesh basis

Coffin Bay - Spotted Whiting 31/7/74 Lindane 0.0001, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0004, DDE 0.0003

Whyalla - Garfish 6/8/74 Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.001, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0005, DDE 0.0007

Whyalla - Garfish 6/8/74 HCB 0.002, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0006

Gurra Lakes - Redfin 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, DDE 0.0006

Pine Creek - Trench 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, Heptachlor 0.0011, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0008, DDE 0.0005

Appendix 5

Table 1.

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a Fat Basis

mg/kg

Tickera – Yel lowfin whiting 29/3/74, HCB 0.25, Lindane 0.63, Dieldrin 3.0, DDT 3.75

Gurra Lakes – Bony Bream 29/4/74 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.01, Dieldin 0.08, DDE 0.11, DDD 0.1

Bluff Beach – SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.02 Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.22

Bluff Beach – SG Snook 4/10/74 Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.39, DDE 0.39

Whyalla – Snapper 9/10/74 HCB 0.05, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.24, DDT 0.11

Cowell – Snapper 14/1/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.46, DDE 0.38, DDT 0.5

Gurra Lakes – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.06, Lindane 0.02, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.23, DDD 0.24, DDT 0.15

Gurra Lakes – Redfin 26/2/75 Dieldrin 0.75, DDE 0.5, DDT 1.06

Loxton – Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.04, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.27, DDD 0.43, DDT 0.16

Gurra Lakes – Catfish 26/2/75 HCB 0.03, Lindane 0.15, Dieldrin 0.42, DDE 0.39, DDD 0.28, DDT 0.25

Gurra Lakes – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.13, DDE 0.15, DDD 0.11, DDT 0.21

Renmark – Murray Cod 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.03, Dieldrin 0.21, DDE 0.41, DDD 0.26, DDT 0.28

Renmark – Callop 26/2/75 HCB 0.01, Lindane 0.01, Dieldrin 0.11, DDE 0.09, DDD 0.07, DDT 0.11

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.19, Dieldrin 0.92, DDE 0.46, DDT 0.42

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 Lindane 0.38, Dieldrin 1.25, DDE 0.63, DDT 0.88

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.25, Dieldrin 0.6, DDE 0.2, DDT 0,2

Renmark – Redfin 26/2/75 HCB 0.04, Lindane 0.21, Dieldrin 0.63, DDE 0.25, DDT 0.19

Table 2

Results of Fish Analysed for Pesticides

All Results Calculated on a flesh basis

Coffin Bay – Spotted Whiting 31/7/74 Lindane 0.0001, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0004, DDE 0.0003

Whyalla – Garfish 6/8/74 Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.001, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0005, DDE 0.0007

Whyalla – Garfish 6/8/74 HCB 0.002, Dieldrin 0.0005, Heptachlor 0.0008, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0006

Gurra Lakes – Redfin 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, DDE 0.0006

Pine Creek – Trench 7/8/74 HCB 0.0002, Dieldrin 0.0004, Heptachlor 0.0011, Heptachlor Epoxide 0.0008, DDE 0.0005

 

 

2013 January: Newhaven (Vic) Spray Drift Complaint. Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos.

The mysterious case of the Newhaven poisoning

Sentinel-Times, February 5

February 16, 2013

NEWHAVEN residents say they are mystified by claims that a man was poisoned by insecticide spray drifting from the Newhaven recreation reserve last month. 

On February 5, the South Gippsland Sentinel-Times reported that a Newhaven man, Phillip Bagley, was seeking compensation from Bass Coast Council for an incident in which he alleged spray from an insecticide reached his house in Wencliff Court on January 18.

The Sentinel-Times reported: “A HazMat team was despatched to the property along with an ambulance. After being transported to Wonthaggi Hospital, Phillip underwent an ECG but was soon sent home.’’

Mr Bagley told the Sentinel-Times he was still suffering from the after-effects of the poisoning, including shortness of breath and his lungs filling with a thick mucus, and his doctor had told him to pull out his vegetable garden in case it was contaminated. He said he was more concerned for others, with a primary school and other houses even closer to the oval.

The Bass Coast Post spoke to several residents in the same street. None wished to be identified but all said they had been unaware of spray drift and did not suffer any health effects. 

To reach Mr Bagley’s place, which is at least 50 metres from the oval, the spray would have had to go over another property or through a windbreak and over a high fence.

Ambulance Victoria told the Bass Coast Post an ambulance team was called to attend a 64-year-old Newhaven man with headaches but did not take him to hospital. 

Newhaven Primary School principal Andrew Strickland said the spraying had not affected the school. “Our school garden has been fully cleared of any impact. The Department of Primary Industries did a full investigation and found the council conduct was appropriate. We have had contact with the council and they have been very open.’’

In a letter to the Environment Protection Authority, which Mr Bagley copied to the Bass Coast Post, he stated that while trying to contact the council’s environment officer he was put through to another staff member “who spoke in a caustic manner and claimed that I complained all the time”.

“I explained that if they obeyed the law I would have nothing for the authorities to take them to task.”

In his letter, Mr Bagley asks if the EPA has the power to prosecute the council. “If not then could you point me to the agency that can as I will not rest until responsibility and appropriate penalties are decided.”

The Bass Coast Post asked the council how many other complaints Mr Bagley had made but the council declined to answer.

Mr Bagley has, however, made complaints against other institutions. The Education Department paid for a high fence between his property and Newhaven Primary School in response to his concerns about noise from the playground.

Mr Bagley also complained to Newhaven College about car parking problems in his street during big events.

Bass Coast infrastructure maintenance manager Jamie Sutherland confirmed that on January 18 the council was spraying an insecticide called Chlorpyrifos to prevent insect damage to the oval grass.

He said Chlorpyrifos had a strong odour, which some people found unpleasant, and the council was investigating odourless alternatives to minimise public concerns.

But he said the council had investigated the complaint and was confident proper procedures were followed.

“Before using any chemical sprays, we always conduct a risk assessment and do pre-start checks to ensure conditions are suitable. In addition, we included an anti-drift agent, which helps to prevent the spray from drifting. We are very confident that the spray did not drift onto nearby properties.

“Our investigation concluded that all of the correct procedures were followed and we have appropriate approvals and licences to use these products.”

 

https://www.basscoastpost.com/the-mysterious-case-of-the-newhaven-poisoning.html

The mysterious case of the Newhaven poisoning

Sentinel-Times, February 5

February 16, 2013

NEWHAVEN residents say they are mystified by claims that a man was poisoned by insecticide spray drifting from the Newhaven recreation reserve last month. 

On February 5, the South Gippsland Sentinel-Times reported that a Newhaven man, Phillip Bagley, was seeking compensation from Bass Coast Council for an incident in which he alleged spray from an insecticide reached his house in Wencliff Court on January 18.

The Sentinel-Times reported: “A HazMat team was despatched to the property along with an ambulance. After being transported to Wonthaggi Hospital, Phillip underwent an ECG but was soon sent home.’’

Mr Bagley told the Sentinel-Times he was still suffering from the after-effects of the poisoning, including shortness of breath and his lungs filling with a thick mucus, and his doctor had told him to pull out his vegetable garden in case it was contaminated. He said he was more concerned for others, with a primary school and other houses even closer to the oval.

The Bass Coast Post spoke to several residents in the same street. None wished to be identified but all said they had been unaware of spray drift and did not suffer any health effects. 

To reach Mr Bagley’s place, which is at least 50 metres from the oval, the spray would have had to go over another property or through a windbreak and over a high fence.

Ambulance Victoria told the Bass Coast Post an ambulance team was called to attend a 64-year-old Newhaven man with headaches but did not take him to hospital. 

Newhaven Primary School principal Andrew Strickland said the spraying had not affected the school. “Our school garden has been fully cleared of any impact. The Department of Primary Industries did a full investigation and found the council conduct was appropriate. We have had contact with the council and they have been very open.’’

In a letter to the Environment Protection Authority, which Mr Bagley copied to the Bass Coast Post, he stated that while trying to contact the council’s environment officer he was put through to another staff member “who spoke in a caustic manner and claimed that I complained all the time”.

“I explained that if they obeyed the law I would have nothing for the authorities to take them to task.”

In his letter, Mr Bagley asks if the EPA has the power to prosecute the council. “If not then could you point me to the agency that can as I will not rest until responsibility and appropriate penalties are decided.”

The Bass Coast Post asked the council how many other complaints Mr Bagley had made but the council declined to answer.

Mr Bagley has, however, made complaints against other institutions. The Education Department paid for a high fence between his property and Newhaven Primary School in response to his concerns about noise from the playground.

Mr Bagley also complained to Newhaven College about car parking problems in his street during big events.

Bass Coast infrastructure maintenance manager Jamie Sutherland confirmed that on January 18 the council was spraying an insecticide called Chlorpyrifos to prevent insect damage to the oval grass.

He said Chlorpyrifos had a strong odour, which some people found unpleasant, and the council was investigating odourless alternatives to minimise public concerns.

But he said the council had investigated the complaint and was confident proper procedures were followed.

“Before using any chemical sprays, we always conduct a risk assessment and do pre-start checks to ensure conditions are suitable. In addition, we included an anti-drift agent, which helps to prevent the spray from drifting. We are very confident that the spray did not drift onto nearby properties.

“Our investigation concluded that all of the correct procedures were followed and we have appropriate approvals and licences to use these products.”

https://www.basscoastpost.com/the-mysterious-case-of-the-newhaven-poisoning.html

2005: Balmoral (NSW). Dioxins in Bream

Made in Australia

Between 1961 and 1971 the US and its allies sprayed and dumped around 80 million litres of Agent Orange and related chemicals on Vietnam. Demand for this poison was high, and Australian chemical manufacturers helped meet the demand and got their share of the profits.

Union Carbide (now owned by Dow Chemical) produced Agent Orange at Homebush in Sydney, leaving a terrible legacy. The factory is gone now, but in June 1997 Greenpeace investigations revealed an orphaned stockpile of thirty-six 200-litre drums and fifteen 50-litre drums of waste highly contaminated with dioxin next to Homebush Bay and the site of the 2000 Olympic Games. Greenpeace sampling of fish from Homebush Bay found high levels of dioxin in the food chain. Two sea mullet were found to have levels of the most toxic form of dioxin, 2378 TCDD, 10-15 times higher than US and Canadian standards for concentrations in edible fish.

The Sydney Morning Herald reported on October 30, 2010, that carcinogenic chemicals from the former Union Carbide factory are spreading throughout Sydney Harbour. According to government authorities, the contamination covers an area too large to be remediated, and the only answer is to wait until sediments cover the contaminated layer, so the poison cannot be absorbed by fish and small invertebrates. The high levels of dioxins in areas where fish feed mean that the official warnings not to eat fish caught west of the Harbour Bridge, and to eat only 150 grams a month of fish caught east of the bridge, will likely remain for decades.

Agent Orange was also produced in the outer Perth suburb of  Kwinana by  Chemical Industries Kwinana. The National Toxics Network noted in 2009 that quality control at the Perth factory was often poor, and “bad batches” were disposed of in pits on site and from time to time were burned. The open burning of these chemicals would have added to dioxin contamination. State government agencies have identified a plume of dioxin contamination beneath the site that has migrated to other nearby industrial sites.

The Nine MSN website reported on December 12, 2008, that Queensland’s Environmental Protection Agency had revealed the presence of dioxin in soil at an industrial site at Pinkenba, on the banks of a drain leading into the Brisbane River. Again the site was once a chemical factory that made Agent Orange in the 1960s and ‘70s. Dow Chemical, a global producer of Agent Orange, is currently cleaning up dioxin contamination on some of its sites in Victoria.

https://directaction.org.au/issue34/australias_role_in_agent_orange_crime

Made in Australia

Between 1961 and 1971 the US and its allies sprayed and dumped around 80 million litres of Agent Orange and related chemicals on Vietnam. Demand for this poison was high, and Australian chemical manufacturers helped meet the demand and got their share of the profits.

Union Carbide (now owned by Dow Chemical) produced Agent Orange at Homebush in Sydney, leaving a terrible legacy. The factory is gone now, but in June 1997 Greenpeace investigations revealed an orphaned stockpile of thirty-six 200-litre drums and fifteen 50-litre drums of waste highly contaminated with dioxin next to Homebush Bay and the site of the 2000 Olympic Games. Greenpeace sampling of fish from Homebush Bay found high levels of dioxin in the food chain. Two sea mullet were found to have levels of the most toxic form of dioxin, 2378 TCDD, 10-15 times higher than US and Canadian standards for concentrations in edible fish.

The Sydney Morning Herald reported on October 30, 2010, that carcinogenic chemicals from the former Union Carbide factory are spreading throughout Sydney Harbour. According to government authorities, the contamination covers an area too large to be remediated, and the only answer is to wait until sediments cover the contaminated layer, so the poison cannot be absorbed by fish and small invertebrates. The high levels of dioxins in areas where fish feed mean that the official warnings not to eat fish caught west of the Harbour Bridge, and to eat only 150 grams a month of fish caught east of the bridge, will likely remain for decades.

Agent Orange was also produced in the outer Perth suburb of  Kwinana by  Chemical Industries Kwinana. The National Toxics Network noted in 2009 that quality control at the Perth factory was often poor, and “bad batches” were disposed of in pits on site and from time to time were burned. The open burning of these chemicals would have added to dioxin contamination. State government agencies have identified a plume of dioxin contamination beneath the site that has migrated to other nearby industrial sites.

The Nine MSN website reported on December 12, 2008, that Queensland’s Environmental Protection Agency had revealed the presence of dioxin in soil at an industrial site at Pinkenba, on the banks of a drain leading into the Brisbane River. Again the site was once a chemical factory that made Agent Orange in the 1960s and ‘70s. Dow Chemical, a global producer of Agent Orange, is currently cleaning up dioxin contamination on some of its sites in Victoria.

https://directaction.org.au/issue34/australias_role_in_agent_orange_crime

2005: Clifton Gardens (NSW). Dioxins in Bream

Made in Australia

Between 1961 and 1971 the US and its allies sprayed and dumped around 80 million litres of Agent Orange and related chemicals on Vietnam. Demand for this poison was high, and Australian chemical manufacturers helped meet the demand and got their share of the profits.

Union Carbide (now owned by Dow Chemical) produced Agent Orange at Homebush in Sydney, leaving a terrible legacy. The factory is gone now, but in June 1997 Greenpeace investigations revealed an orphaned stockpile of thirty-six 200-litre drums and fifteen 50-litre drums of waste highly contaminated with dioxin next to Homebush Bay and the site of the 2000 Olympic Games. Greenpeace sampling of fish from Homebush Bay found high levels of dioxin in the food chain. Two sea mullet were found to have levels of the most toxic form of dioxin, 2378 TCDD, 10-15 times higher than US and Canadian standards for concentrations in edible fish.

The Sydney Morning Herald reported on October 30, 2010, that carcinogenic chemicals from the former Union Carbide factory are spreading throughout Sydney Harbour. According to government authorities, the contamination covers an area too large to be remediated, and the only answer is to wait until sediments cover the contaminated layer, so the poison cannot be absorbed by fish and small invertebrates. The high levels of dioxins in areas where fish feed mean that the official warnings not to eat fish caught west of the Harbour Bridge, and to eat only 150 grams a month of fish caught east of the bridge, will likely remain for decades.

Agent Orange was also produced in the outer Perth suburb of  Kwinana by  Chemical Industries Kwinana. The National Toxics Network noted in 2009 that quality control at the Perth factory was often poor, and “bad batches” were disposed of in pits on site and from time to time were burned. The open burning of these chemicals would have added to dioxin contamination. State government agencies have identified a plume of dioxin contamination beneath the site that has migrated to other nearby industrial sites.

The Nine MSN website reported on December 12, 2008, that Queensland’s Environmental Protection Agency had revealed the presence of dioxin in soil at an industrial site at Pinkenba, on the banks of a drain leading into the Brisbane River. Again the site was once a chemical factory that made Agent Orange in the 1960s and ‘70s. Dow Chemical, a global producer of Agent Orange, is currently cleaning up dioxin contamination on some of its sites in Victoria.

https://directaction.org.au/issue34/australias_role_in_agent_orange_crime

Made in Australia

Between 1961 and 1971 the US and its allies sprayed and dumped around 80 million litres of Agent Orange and related chemicals on Vietnam. Demand for this poison was high, and Australian chemical manufacturers helped meet the demand and got their share of the profits.

Union Carbide (now owned by Dow Chemical) produced Agent Orange at Homebush in Sydney, leaving a terrible legacy. The factory is gone now, but in June 1997 Greenpeace investigations revealed an orphaned stockpile of thirty-six 200-litre drums and fifteen 50-litre drums of waste highly contaminated with dioxin next to Homebush Bay and the site of the 2000 Olympic Games. Greenpeace sampling of fish from Homebush Bay found high levels of dioxin in the food chain. Two sea mullet were found to have levels of the most toxic form of dioxin, 2378 TCDD, 10-15 times higher than US and Canadian standards for concentrations in edible fish.

The Sydney Morning Herald reported on October 30, 2010, that carcinogenic chemicals from the former Union Carbide factory are spreading throughout Sydney Harbour. According to government authorities, the contamination covers an area too large to be remediated, and the only answer is to wait until sediments cover the contaminated layer, so the poison cannot be absorbed by fish and small invertebrates. The high levels of dioxins in areas where fish feed mean that the official warnings not to eat fish caught west of the Harbour Bridge, and to eat only 150 grams a month of fish caught east of the bridge, will likely remain for decades.

Agent Orange was also produced in the outer Perth suburb of  Kwinana by  Chemical Industries Kwinana. The National Toxics Network noted in 2009 that quality control at the Perth factory was often poor, and “bad batches” were disposed of in pits on site and from time to time were burned. The open burning of these chemicals would have added to dioxin contamination. State government agencies have identified a plume of dioxin contamination beneath the site that has migrated to other nearby industrial sites.

The Nine MSN website reported on December 12, 2008, that Queensland’s Environmental Protection Agency had revealed the presence of dioxin in soil at an industrial site at Pinkenba, on the banks of a drain leading into the Brisbane River. Again the site was once a chemical factory that made Agent Orange in the 1960s and ‘70s. Dow Chemical, a global producer of Agent Orange, is currently cleaning up dioxin contamination on some of its sites in Victoria.

https://directaction.org.au/issue34/australias_role_in_agent_orange_crime

2005: Fort Denison (NSW). Dioxins in Bream

Made in Australia

Between 1961 and 1971 the US and its allies sprayed and dumped around 80 million litres of Agent Orange and related chemicals on Vietnam. Demand for this poison was high, and Australian chemical manufacturers helped meet the demand and got their share of the profits.

Union Carbide (now owned by Dow Chemical) produced Agent Orange at Homebush in Sydney, leaving a terrible legacy. The factory is gone now, but in June 1997 Greenpeace investigations revealed an orphaned stockpile of thirty-six 200-litre drums and fifteen 50-litre drums of waste highly contaminated with dioxin next to Homebush Bay and the site of the 2000 Olympic Games. Greenpeace sampling of fish from Homebush Bay found high levels of dioxin in the food chain. Two sea mullet were found to have levels of the most toxic form of dioxin, 2378 TCDD, 10-15 times higher than US and Canadian standards for concentrations in edible fish.

The Sydney Morning Herald reported on October 30, 2010, that carcinogenic chemicals from the former Union Carbide factory are spreading throughout Sydney Harbour. According to government authorities, the contamination covers an area too large to be remediated, and the only answer is to wait until sediments cover the contaminated layer, so the poison cannot be absorbed by fish and small invertebrates. The high levels of dioxins in areas where fish feed mean that the official warnings not to eat fish caught west of the Harbour Bridge, and to eat only 150 grams a month of fish caught east of the bridge, will likely remain for decades.

Agent Orange was also produced in the outer Perth suburb of  Kwinana by  Chemical Industries Kwinana. The National Toxics Network noted in 2009 that quality control at the Perth factory was often poor, and “bad batches” were disposed of in pits on site and from time to time were burned. The open burning of these chemicals would have added to dioxin contamination. State government agencies have identified a plume of dioxin contamination beneath the site that has migrated to other nearby industrial sites.

The Nine MSN website reported on December 12, 2008, that Queensland’s Environmental Protection Agency had revealed the presence of dioxin in soil at an industrial site at Pinkenba, on the banks of a drain leading into the Brisbane River. Again the site was once a chemical factory that made Agent Orange in the 1960s and ‘70s. Dow Chemical, a global producer of Agent Orange, is currently cleaning up dioxin contamination on some of its sites in Victoria.

https://directaction.org.au/issue34/australias_role_in_agent_orange_crime

Made in Australia

Between 1961 and 1971 the US and its allies sprayed and dumped around 80 million litres of Agent Orange and related chemicals on Vietnam. Demand for this poison was high, and Australian chemical manufacturers helped meet the demand and got their share of the profits.

Union Carbide (now owned by Dow Chemical) produced Agent Orange at Homebush in Sydney, leaving a terrible legacy. The factory is gone now, but in June 1997 Greenpeace investigations revealed an orphaned stockpile of thirty-six 200-litre drums and fifteen 50-litre drums of waste highly contaminated with dioxin next to Homebush Bay and the site of the 2000 Olympic Games. Greenpeace sampling of fish from Homebush Bay found high levels of dioxin in the food chain. Two sea mullet were found to have levels of the most toxic form of dioxin, 2378 TCDD, 10-15 times higher than US and Canadian standards for concentrations in edible fish.

The Sydney Morning Herald reported on October 30, 2010, that carcinogenic chemicals from the former Union Carbide factory are spreading throughout Sydney Harbour. According to government authorities, the contamination covers an area too large to be remediated, and the only answer is to wait until sediments cover the contaminated layer, so the poison cannot be absorbed by fish and small invertebrates. The high levels of dioxins in areas where fish feed mean that the official warnings not to eat fish caught west of the Harbour Bridge, and to eat only 150 grams a month of fish caught east of the bridge, will likely remain for decades.

Agent Orange was also produced in the outer Perth suburb of  Kwinana by  Chemical Industries Kwinana. The National Toxics Network noted in 2009 that quality control at the Perth factory was often poor, and “bad batches” were disposed of in pits on site and from time to time were burned. The open burning of these chemicals would have added to dioxin contamination. State government agencies have identified a plume of dioxin contamination beneath the site that has migrated to other nearby industrial sites.

The Nine MSN website reported on December 12, 2008, that Queensland’s Environmental Protection Agency had revealed the presence of dioxin in soil at an industrial site at Pinkenba, on the banks of a drain leading into the Brisbane River. Again the site was once a chemical factory that made Agent Orange in the 1960s and ‘70s. Dow Chemical, a global producer of Agent Orange, is currently cleaning up dioxin contamination on some of its sites in Victoria.

https://directaction.org.au/issue34/australias_role_in_agent_orange_crime

2005: Drummoyne (NSW). Dioxins in Bream

Made in Australia

Between 1961 and 1971 the US and its allies sprayed and dumped around 80 million litres of Agent Orange and related chemicals on Vietnam. Demand for this poison was high, and Australian chemical manufacturers helped meet the demand and got their share of the profits.

Union Carbide (now owned by Dow Chemical) produced Agent Orange at Homebush in Sydney, leaving a terrible legacy. The factory is gone now, but in June 1997 Greenpeace investigations revealed an orphaned stockpile of thirty-six 200-litre drums and fifteen 50-litre drums of waste highly contaminated with dioxin next to Homebush Bay and the site of the 2000 Olympic Games. Greenpeace sampling of fish from Homebush Bay found high levels of dioxin in the food chain. Two sea mullet were found to have levels of the most toxic form of dioxin, 2378 TCDD, 10-15 times higher than US and Canadian standards for concentrations in edible fish.

The Sydney Morning Herald reported on October 30, 2010, that carcinogenic chemicals from the former Union Carbide factory are spreading throughout Sydney Harbour. According to government authorities, the contamination covers an area too large to be remediated, and the only answer is to wait until sediments cover the contaminated layer, so the poison cannot be absorbed by fish and small invertebrates. The high levels of dioxins in areas where fish feed mean that the official warnings not to eat fish caught west of the Harbour Bridge, and to eat only 150 grams a month of fish caught east of the bridge, will likely remain for decades.

Agent Orange was also produced in the outer Perth suburb of  Kwinana by  Chemical Industries Kwinana. The National Toxics Network noted in 2009 that quality control at the Perth factory was often poor, and “bad batches” were disposed of in pits on site and from time to time were burned. The open burning of these chemicals would have added to dioxin contamination. State government agencies have identified a plume of dioxin contamination beneath the site that has migrated to other nearby industrial sites.

The Nine MSN website reported on December 12, 2008, that Queensland’s Environmental Protection Agency had revealed the presence of dioxin in soil at an industrial site at Pinkenba, on the banks of a drain leading into the Brisbane River. Again the site was once a chemical factory that made Agent Orange in the 1960s and ‘70s. Dow Chemical, a global producer of Agent Orange, is currently cleaning up dioxin contamination on some of its sites in Victoria.

https://directaction.org.au/issue34/australias_role_in_agent_orange_crime

Made in Australia

Between 1961 and 1971 the US and its allies sprayed and dumped around 80 million litres of Agent Orange and related chemicals on Vietnam. Demand for this poison was high, and Australian chemical manufacturers helped meet the demand and got their share of the profits.

Union Carbide (now owned by Dow Chemical) produced Agent Orange at Homebush in Sydney, leaving a terrible legacy. The factory is gone now, but in June 1997 Greenpeace investigations revealed an orphaned stockpile of thirty-six 200-litre drums and fifteen 50-litre drums of waste highly contaminated with dioxin next to Homebush Bay and the site of the 2000 Olympic Games. Greenpeace sampling of fish from Homebush Bay found high levels of dioxin in the food chain. Two sea mullet were found to have levels of the most toxic form of dioxin, 2378 TCDD, 10-15 times higher than US and Canadian standards for concentrations in edible fish.

The Sydney Morning Herald reported on October 30, 2010, that carcinogenic chemicals from the former Union Carbide factory are spreading throughout Sydney Harbour. According to government authorities, the contamination covers an area too large to be remediated, and the only answer is to wait until sediments cover the contaminated layer, so the poison cannot be absorbed by fish and small invertebrates. The high levels of dioxins in areas where fish feed mean that the official warnings not to eat fish caught west of the Harbour Bridge, and to eat only 150 grams a month of fish caught east of the bridge, will likely remain for decades.

Agent Orange was also produced in the outer Perth suburb of  Kwinana by  Chemical Industries Kwinana. The National Toxics Network noted in 2009 that quality control at the Perth factory was often poor, and “bad batches” were disposed of in pits on site and from time to time were burned. The open burning of these chemicals would have added to dioxin contamination. State government agencies have identified a plume of dioxin contamination beneath the site that has migrated to other nearby industrial sites.

The Nine MSN website reported on December 12, 2008, that Queensland’s Environmental Protection Agency had revealed the presence of dioxin in soil at an industrial site at Pinkenba, on the banks of a drain leading into the Brisbane River. Again the site was once a chemical factory that made Agent Orange in the 1960s and ‘70s. Dow Chemical, a global producer of Agent Orange, is currently cleaning up dioxin contamination on some of its sites in Victoria.

https://directaction.org.au/issue34/australias_role_in_agent_orange_crime

2005: Breakfast Point (NSW). Dioxins in Bream

Made in Australia

Between 1961 and 1971 the US and its allies sprayed and dumped around 80 million litres of Agent Orange and related chemicals on Vietnam. Demand for this poison was high, and Australian chemical manufacturers helped meet the demand and got their share of the profits.

Union Carbide (now owned by Dow Chemical) produced Agent Orange at Homebush in Sydney, leaving a terrible legacy. The factory is gone now, but in June 1997 Greenpeace investigations revealed an orphaned stockpile of thirty-six 200-litre drums and fifteen 50-litre drums of waste highly contaminated with dioxin next to Homebush Bay and the site of the 2000 Olympic Games. Greenpeace sampling of fish from Homebush Bay found high levels of dioxin in the food chain. Two sea mullet were found to have levels of the most toxic form of dioxin, 2378 TCDD, 10-15 times higher than US and Canadian standards for concentrations in edible fish.

The Sydney Morning Herald reported on October 30, 2010, that carcinogenic chemicals from the former Union Carbide factory are spreading throughout Sydney Harbour. According to government authorities, the contamination covers an area too large to be remediated, and the only answer is to wait until sediments cover the contaminated layer, so the poison cannot be absorbed by fish and small invertebrates. The high levels of dioxins in areas where fish feed mean that the official warnings not to eat fish caught west of the Harbour Bridge, and to eat only 150 grams a month of fish caught east of the bridge, will likely remain for decades.

Agent Orange was also produced in the outer Perth suburb of  Kwinana by  Chemical Industries Kwinana. The National Toxics Network noted in 2009 that quality control at the Perth factory was often poor, and “bad batches” were disposed of in pits on site and from time to time were burned. The open burning of these chemicals would have added to dioxin contamination. State government agencies have identified a plume of dioxin contamination beneath the site that has migrated to other nearby industrial sites.

The Nine MSN website reported on December 12, 2008, that Queensland’s Environmental Protection Agency had revealed the presence of dioxin in soil at an industrial site at Pinkenba, on the banks of a drain leading into the Brisbane River. Again the site was once a chemical factory that made Agent Orange in the 1960s and ‘70s. Dow Chemical, a global producer of Agent Orange, is currently cleaning up dioxin contamination on some of its sites in Victoria.

https://directaction.org.au/issue34/australias_role_in_agent_orange_crime

Made in Australia

Between 1961 and 1971 the US and its allies sprayed and dumped around 80 million litres of Agent Orange and related chemicals on Vietnam. Demand for this poison was high, and Australian chemical manufacturers helped meet the demand and got their share of the profits.

Union Carbide (now owned by Dow Chemical) produced Agent Orange at Homebush in Sydney, leaving a terrible legacy. The factory is gone now, but in June 1997 Greenpeace investigations revealed an orphaned stockpile of thirty-six 200-litre drums and fifteen 50-litre drums of waste highly contaminated with dioxin next to Homebush Bay and the site of the 2000 Olympic Games. Greenpeace sampling of fish from Homebush Bay found high levels of dioxin in the food chain. Two sea mullet were found to have levels of the most toxic form of dioxin, 2378 TCDD, 10-15 times higher than US and Canadian standards for concentrations in edible fish.

The Sydney Morning Herald reported on October 30, 2010, that carcinogenic chemicals from the former Union Carbide factory are spreading throughout Sydney Harbour. According to government authorities, the contamination covers an area too large to be remediated, and the only answer is to wait until sediments cover the contaminated layer, so the poison cannot be absorbed by fish and small invertebrates. The high levels of dioxins in areas where fish feed mean that the official warnings not to eat fish caught west of the Harbour Bridge, and to eat only 150 grams a month of fish caught east of the bridge, will likely remain for decades.

Agent Orange was also produced in the outer Perth suburb of  Kwinana by  Chemical Industries Kwinana. The National Toxics Network noted in 2009 that quality control at the Perth factory was often poor, and “bad batches” were disposed of in pits on site and from time to time were burned. The open burning of these chemicals would have added to dioxin contamination. State government agencies have identified a plume of dioxin contamination beneath the site that has migrated to other nearby industrial sites.

The Nine MSN website reported on December 12, 2008, that Queensland’s Environmental Protection Agency had revealed the presence of dioxin in soil at an industrial site at Pinkenba, on the banks of a drain leading into the Brisbane River. Again the site was once a chemical factory that made Agent Orange in the 1960s and ‘70s. Dow Chemical, a global producer of Agent Orange, is currently cleaning up dioxin contamination on some of its sites in Victoria.

https://directaction.org.au/issue34/australias_role_in_agent_orange_crime

2005: Silverwater (NSW). Dioxins in Bream

Made in Australia

Between 1961 and 1971 the US and its allies sprayed and dumped around 80 million litres of Agent Orange and related chemicals on Vietnam. Demand for this poison was high, and Australian chemical manufacturers helped meet the demand and got their share of the profits.

Union Carbide (now owned by Dow Chemical) produced Agent Orange at Homebush in Sydney, leaving a terrible legacy. The factory is gone now, but in June 1997 Greenpeace investigations revealed an orphaned stockpile of thirty-six 200-litre drums and fifteen 50-litre drums of waste highly contaminated with dioxin next to Homebush Bay and the site of the 2000 Olympic Games. Greenpeace sampling of fish from Homebush Bay found high levels of dioxin in the food chain. Two sea mullet were found to have levels of the most toxic form of dioxin, 2378 TCDD, 10-15 times higher than US and Canadian standards for concentrations in edible fish.

The Sydney Morning Herald reported on October 30, 2010, that carcinogenic chemicals from the former Union Carbide factory are spreading throughout Sydney Harbour. According to government authorities, the contamination covers an area too large to be remediated, and the only answer is to wait until sediments cover the contaminated layer, so the poison cannot be absorbed by fish and small invertebrates. The high levels of dioxins in areas where fish feed mean that the official warnings not to eat fish caught west of the Harbour Bridge, and to eat only 150 grams a month of fish caught east of the bridge, will likely remain for decades.

Agent Orange was also produced in the outer Perth suburb of  Kwinana by  Chemical Industries Kwinana. The National Toxics Network noted in 2009 that quality control at the Perth factory was often poor, and “bad batches” were disposed of in pits on site and from time to time were burned. The open burning of these chemicals would have added to dioxin contamination. State government agencies have identified a plume of dioxin contamination beneath the site that has migrated to other nearby industrial sites.

The Nine MSN website reported on December 12, 2008, that Queensland’s Environmental Protection Agency had revealed the presence of dioxin in soil at an industrial site at Pinkenba, on the banks of a drain leading into the Brisbane River. Again the site was once a chemical factory that made Agent Orange in the 1960s and ‘70s. Dow Chemical, a global producer of Agent Orange, is currently cleaning up dioxin contamination on some of its sites in Victoria.

https://directaction.org.au/issue34/australias_role_in_agent_orange_crime

Made in Australia

Between 1961 and 1971 the US and its allies sprayed and dumped around 80 million litres of Agent Orange and related chemicals on Vietnam. Demand for this poison was high, and Australian chemical manufacturers helped meet the demand and got their share of the profits.

Union Carbide (now owned by Dow Chemical) produced Agent Orange at Homebush in Sydney, leaving a terrible legacy. The factory is gone now, but in June 1997 Greenpeace investigations revealed an orphaned stockpile of thirty-six 200-litre drums and fifteen 50-litre drums of waste highly contaminated with dioxin next to Homebush Bay and the site of the 2000 Olympic Games. Greenpeace sampling of fish from Homebush Bay found high levels of dioxin in the food chain. Two sea mullet were found to have levels of the most toxic form of dioxin, 2378 TCDD, 10-15 times higher than US and Canadian standards for concentrations in edible fish.

The Sydney Morning Herald reported on October 30, 2010, that carcinogenic chemicals from the former Union Carbide factory are spreading throughout Sydney Harbour. According to government authorities, the contamination covers an area too large to be remediated, and the only answer is to wait until sediments cover the contaminated layer, so the poison cannot be absorbed by fish and small invertebrates. The high levels of dioxins in areas where fish feed mean that the official warnings not to eat fish caught west of the Harbour Bridge, and to eat only 150 grams a month of fish caught east of the bridge, will likely remain for decades.

Agent Orange was also produced in the outer Perth suburb of  Kwinana by  Chemical Industries Kwinana. The National Toxics Network noted in 2009 that quality control at the Perth factory was often poor, and “bad batches” were disposed of in pits on site and from time to time were burned. The open burning of these chemicals would have added to dioxin contamination. State government agencies have identified a plume of dioxin contamination beneath the site that has migrated to other nearby industrial sites.

The Nine MSN website reported on December 12, 2008, that Queensland’s Environmental Protection Agency had revealed the presence of dioxin in soil at an industrial site at Pinkenba, on the banks of a drain leading into the Brisbane River. Again the site was once a chemical factory that made Agent Orange in the 1960s and ‘70s. Dow Chemical, a global producer of Agent Orange, is currently cleaning up dioxin contamination on some of its sites in Victoria.

https://directaction.org.au/issue34/australias_role_in_agent_orange_crime

1990’s: Sales Rivulet (Tas). Pesticide: Cypermethrin

Abstract

Cypermethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, was aerially sprayed on a Eucalyptus nitens plantation in northern Tasmania, Australia. Several tributary streams of the Meander River draining the plantation received direct spray drift contamination of the order of 0.05 mg/m². Increases in invertebrate drift of over 200-times were observed on the day of spraying in Sales Rivulet. Drift was significantly elevated for 8 days after spraying, recovering both in density and relative abundance after early winter floods. Plecoptera and ephemeroptera comprised 89–92% of the drift immediately after spraying, compared with 6–21% pre-spraying and at an uncontaminated site. Benthic abundances of plecoptera and ephemeroptera decreased after spraying in all small streams draining the plantation. Early winter floods were observed to facilitate recolonisation at affected sites. Resident Salmo trutta were collected from the streams before and during 6 months after spraying. Plasma chloride, glucose and protein concentrations were not affected by the spraying event. Significant transient changes in muscle RNA/DNA levels as well as brain and muscle acetylcholinesterase levels and hepatic mixed function oxygenase activity were related to the spraying event. These changes commenced around day 7 and persisted until day 26. Changes in fish diet were also observed, related to the sequence of abundant and depauperate invertebrate drift after spraying. Pathological symptoms in fish were apparently related to dietary intake of cypermethrin from dead and dying invertebrate drift.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0166445X93900556

Abstract

Cypermethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, was aerially sprayed on a Eucalyptus nitens plantation in northern Tasmania, Australia. Several tributary streams of the Meander River draining the plantation received direct spray drift contamination of the order of 0.05 mg/m². Increases in invertebrate drift of over 200-times were observed on the day of spraying in Sales Rivulet. Drift was significantly elevated for 8 days after spraying, recovering both in density and relative abundance after early winter floods. Plecoptera and ephemeroptera comprised 89–92% of the drift immediately after spraying, compared with 6–21% pre-spraying and at an uncontaminated site. Benthic abundances of plecoptera and ephemeroptera decreased after spraying in all small streams draining the plantation. Early winter floods were observed to facilitate recolonisation at affected sites. Resident Salmo trutta were collected from the streams before and during 6 months after spraying. Plasma chloride, glucose and protein concentrations were not affected by the spraying event. Significant transient changes in muscle RNA/DNA levels as well as brain and muscle acetylcholinesterase levels and hepatic mixed function oxygenase activity were related to the spraying event. These changes commenced around day 7 and persisted until day 26. Changes in fish diet were also observed, related to the sequence of abundant and depauperate invertebrate drift after spraying. Pathological symptoms in fish were apparently related to dietary intake of cypermethrin from dead and dying invertebrate drift.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0166445X93900556

1989 – 1991: Takone (Tas) approximate. Pesticide: Atrazine

Buffer strips and streamwater contamination by atrazine and pyrethroids aerially applied to Eucalyptus nitens plantations. Jan L Barton and Peter E Davies. Inland Fisheries Commission, Hobart, Tasmania.

Summary

Concentrations of pesticides in streams draining 20 plantations of Eucalyptus nitens in Tasmania were examined in relation to buffer strip width. Atrazine concentrations on the day of spray in streams draining 15 plantations were significantly negatively correlated with riparian buffer strip width but not buffer quality. Concentrations following the first rain event in one month after spraying were highly positively correlated with day of spray concentrations and were only weakly correlated with other site characteristics. Streams with 30 m buffer strips had median atrazine concentrations less than 20 ug/L at all times and these buffer widths are recommended for minimising short term ecological impact on streams.

In streams draining five plantations that were aerially sprayed with the pyrethroids alpha - or cypermethrin, pyrethroid concentration and short term changes in drift (downstream movement) of stream invertebrates were highly negatively correlated with buffer strip width but with no other variable. Drift of stream invertebrates is recommended as a biomonitor for the contamination of streams with pyrethroids on the day of spray, sensitive down to 0.1ug/L. Buffer strips of at least 50 m are recommended to minimise mortality of stream invertebrates from pyrethroid spraying.

Methods

Atrazine

Stream water at 29 sites from 18 streams draining 15 Eucalyptus nitens plantations (owned by either the Forestry Commission or Australian Pulp and Paper Mills) was sampled during 1989 -1991 for the determination of atrazine concentrations...

Pyrethroids

Stream water from 7 sites in 7 streams draining 4 E.nitens plantations was sampled following operations spraying of alphamethrin in early (November - December) and 2 sites draining 1 plantation sprayed with cypermethrin were also sampled...

Results

Atrazine ... Atrazine concentrations on the day of spray for all sites were significantly negatively correlated with buffer strip width, plantation catchment area, stream catchment area and length of stream within the catchment area ratio. They were not correlated with application rate and had only a marginal correlation with buffer strip quality... Median atrazine concentrations for streams <=10m, 20m and 30m buffer strip widths were 700, 58.1 and 5.4ug/L respectively...

Discussion

Only one of the plantations studied was sprayed from a light plane and this, combined with a complete lack of buffer strips and a high application rate (10kg/ha), resulted in the highest day of spray concentration found in the study (58 mg/L)...Contamination of streams draining plantations cannot be completely avoided if triazine herbicides are used. From the present study, it would appear that contamination can be minimised by the use of appropriate buffer strips. The maximum buffer strip examined in this study was 30 m. Median concentrations for all 30 m buffered streams were below 20 ug/L on all occasions following spraying, a concentration below which short term ecological effects are unilkely...

Pyrethroids

Peak (day of spray) pyrethroid concentrations were obtained on six occasions, ranging from <0.01 to 0.50 ug/L. These concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with buffer strip width, but not with any other site variable.

Discussion

Davies and Cook (1993) described the impact of a single spraying of cypermethrin on Sales Rivulet. They suggested that mayflies and stoneflies (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera) were the most sensitive taxa, showing the greatest response in both the drift and benthos. The present study further supports their observations with drift values being the highest for these groups at pyrethroid concentrations >0.1 ug/L and having the highest correlation with concentration. It appears that contamination of streams with low concentrations of pyrethroids from spray drift results in significant responses in invertebrate drift which are generally related to the mortality of mayflies and stoneflies (Davies and Cook 1993)

Buffer strips and streamwater contamination by atrazine and pyrethroids aerially applied to Eucalyptus nitens plantations. Jan L Barton and Peter E Davies. Inland Fisheries Commission, Hobart, Tasmania.

Summary

Concentrations of pesticides in streams draining 20 plantations of Eucalyptus nitens in Tasmania were examined in relation to buffer strip width. Atrazine concentrations on the day of spray in streams draining 15 plantations were significantly negatively correlated with riparian buffer strip width but not buffer quality. Concentrations following the first rain event in one month after spraying were highly positively correlated with day of spray concentrations and were only weakly correlated with other site characteristics. Streams with 30 m buffer strips had median atrazine concentrations less than 20 ug/L at all times and these buffer widths are recommended for minimising short term ecological impact on streams.

In streams draining five plantations that were aerially sprayed with the pyrethroids alpha – or cypermethrin, pyrethroid concentration and short term changes in drift (downstream movement) of stream invertebrates were highly negatively correlated with buffer strip width but with no other variable. Drift of stream invertebrates is recommended as a biomonitor for the contamination of streams with pyrethroids on the day of spray, sensitive down to 0.1ug/L. Buffer strips of at least 50 m are recommended to minimise mortality of stream invertebrates from pyrethroid spraying.

Methods

Atrazine

Stream water at 29 sites from 18 streams draining 15 Eucalyptus nitens plantations (owned by either the Forestry Commission or Australian Pulp and Paper Mills) was sampled during 1989 -1991 for the determination of atrazine concentrations…

Pyrethroids

Stream water from 7 sites in 7 streams draining 4 E.nitens plantations was sampled following operations spraying of alphamethrin in early (November – December) and 2 sites draining 1 plantation sprayed with cypermethrin were also sampled…

Results

Atrazine … Atrazine concentrations on the day of spray for all sites were significantly negatively correlated with buffer strip width, plantation catchment area, stream catchment area and length of stream within the catchment area ratio. They were not correlated with application rate and had only a marginal correlation with buffer strip quality… Median atrazine concentrations for streams <=10m, 20m and 30m buffer strip widths were 700, 58.1 and 5.4ug/L respectively…

Discussion

Only one of the plantations studied was sprayed from a light plane and this, combined with a complete lack of buffer strips and a high application rate (10kg/ha), resulted in the highest day of spray concentration found in the study (58 mg/L)…Contamination of streams draining plantations cannot be completely avoided if triazine herbicides are used. From the present study, it would appear that contamination can be minimised by the use of appropriate buffer strips. The maximum buffer strip examined in this study was 30 m. Median concentrations for all 30 m buffered streams were below 20 ug/L on all occasions following spraying, a concentration below which short term ecological effects are unilkely…

Pyrethroids

Peak (day of spray) pyrethroid concentrations were obtained on six occasions, ranging from <0.01 to 0.50 ug/L. These concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with buffer strip width, but not with any other site variable.

Discussion

Davies and Cook (1993) described the impact of a single spraying of cypermethrin on Sales Rivulet. They suggested that mayflies and stoneflies (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera) were the most sensitive taxa, showing the greatest response in both the drift and benthos. The present study further supports their observations with drift values being the highest for these groups at pyrethroid concentrations >0.1 ug/L and having the highest correlation with concentration. It appears that contamination of streams with low concentrations of pyrethroids from spray drift results in significant responses in invertebrate drift which are generally related to the mortality of mayflies and stoneflies (Davies and Cook 1993)

1989 – 1991: Guildford (Tas) approx. Pesticide Cypermethrin, Alpha-Cypermethrin

Buffer strips and streamwater contamination by atrazine and pyrethroids aerially applied to Eucalyptus nitens plantations. Jan L Barton and Peter E Davies. Inland Fisheries Commission, Hobart, Tasmania.

Summary

Concentrations of pesticides in streams draining 20 plantations of Eucalyptus nitens in Tasmania were examined in relation to buffer strip width. Atrazine concentrations on the day of spray in streams draining 15 plantations were significantly negatively correlated with riparian buffer strip width but not buffer quality. Concentrations following the first rain event in one month after spraying were highly positively correlated with day of spray concentrations and were only weakly correlated with other site characteristics. Streams with 30 m buffer strips had median atrazine concentrations less than 20 ug/L at all times and these buffer widths are recommended for minimising short term ecological impact on streams.

In streams draining five plantations that were aerially sprayed with the pyrethroids alpha - or cypermethrin, pyrethroid concentration and short term changes in drift (downstream movement) of stream invertebrates were highly negatively correlated with buffer strip width but with no other variable. Drift of stream invertebrates is recommended as a biomonitor for the contamination of streams with pyrethroids on the day of spray, sensitive down to 0.1ug/L. Buffer strips of at least 50 m are recommended to minimise mortality of stream invertebrates from pyrethroid spraying.

Methods

Atrazine

Stream water at 29 sites from 18 streams draining 15 Eucalyptus nitens plantations (owned by either the Forestry Commission or Australian Pulp and Paper Mills) was sampled during 1989 -1991 for the determination of atrazine concentrations...

Pyrethroids

Stream water from 7 sites in 7 streams draining 4 E.nitens plantations was sampled following operations spraying of alphamethrin in early (November - December) and 2 sites draining 1 plantation sprayed with cypermethrin were also sampled...

 Results

Atrazine ... Atrazine concentrations on the day of spray for all sites were significantly negatively correlated with buffer strip width, plantation catchment area, stream catchment area and length of stream within the catchment area ratio. They were not correlated with application rate and had only a marginal correlation with buffer strip quality... Median atrazine concentrations for streams <=10m, 20m and 30m buffer strip widths were 700, 58.1 and 5.4ug/L respectively...

Discussion

Only one of the plantations studied was sprayed from a light plane and this, combined with a complete lack of buffer strips and a high application rate (10kg/ha), resulted in the highest day of spray concentration found in the study (58 mg/L)...Contamination of streams draining plantations cannot be completely avoided if triazine herbicides are used. From the present study, it would appear that contamination can be minimised by the use of appropriate buffer strips. The maximum buffer strip examined in this study was 30 m. Median concentrations for all 30 m buffered streams were below 20 ug/L on all occasions following spraying, a concentration below which short term ecological effects are unilkely...

Pyrethroids

Peak (day of spray) pyrethroid concentrations were obtained on six occasions, ranging from <0.01 to 0.50 ug/L. These concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with buffer strip width, but not with any other site variable.

Discussion

Davies and Cook (1993) described the impact of a single spraying of cypermethrin on Sales Rivulet. They suggested that mayflies and stoneflies (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera) were the most sensitive taxa, showing the greatest response in both the drift and benthos. The present study further supports their observations with drift values being the highest for these groups at pyrethroid concentrations >0.1 ug/L and having the highest correlation with concentration. It appears that contamination of streams with low concentrations of pyrethroids from spray drift results in significant responses in invertebrate drift which are generally related to the mortality of mayflies and stoneflies (Davies and Cook 1993)

Buffer strips and streamwater contamination by atrazine and pyrethroids aerially applied to Eucalyptus nitens plantations. Jan L Barton and Peter E Davies. Inland Fisheries Commission, Hobart, Tasmania.

Summary

Concentrations of pesticides in streams draining 20 plantations of Eucalyptus nitens in Tasmania were examined in relation to buffer strip width. Atrazine concentrations on the day of spray in streams draining 15 plantations were significantly negatively correlated with riparian buffer strip width but not buffer quality. Concentrations following the first rain event in one month after spraying were highly positively correlated with day of spray concentrations and were only weakly correlated with other site characteristics. Streams with 30 m buffer strips had median atrazine concentrations less than 20 ug/L at all times and these buffer widths are recommended for minimising short term ecological impact on streams.

In streams draining five plantations that were aerially sprayed with the pyrethroids alpha – or cypermethrin, pyrethroid concentration and short term changes in drift (downstream movement) of stream invertebrates were highly negatively correlated with buffer strip width but with no other variable. Drift of stream invertebrates is recommended as a biomonitor for the contamination of streams with pyrethroids on the day of spray, sensitive down to 0.1ug/L. Buffer strips of at least 50 m are recommended to minimise mortality of stream invertebrates from pyrethroid spraying.

Methods

Atrazine

Stream water at 29 sites from 18 streams draining 15 Eucalyptus nitens plantations (owned by either the Forestry Commission or Australian Pulp and Paper Mills) was sampled during 1989 -1991 for the determination of atrazine concentrations…

Pyrethroids

Stream water from 7 sites in 7 streams draining 4 E.nitens plantations was sampled following operations spraying of alphamethrin in early (November – December) and 2 sites draining 1 plantation sprayed with cypermethrin were also sampled…

Results

Atrazine … Atrazine concentrations on the day of spray for all sites were significantly negatively correlated with buffer strip width, plantation catchment area, stream catchment area and length of stream within the catchment area ratio. They were not correlated with application rate and had only a marginal correlation with buffer strip quality… Median atrazine concentrations for streams <=10m, 20m and 30m buffer strip widths were 700, 58.1 and 5.4ug/L respectively…

Discussion

Only one of the plantations studied was sprayed from a light plane and this, combined with a complete lack of buffer strips and a high application rate (10kg/ha), resulted in the highest day of spray concentration found in the study (58 mg/L)…Contamination of streams draining plantations cannot be completely avoided if triazine herbicides are used. From the present study, it would appear that contamination can be minimised by the use of appropriate buffer strips. The maximum buffer strip examined in this study was 30 m. Median concentrations for all 30 m buffered streams were below 20 ug/L on all occasions following spraying, a concentration below which short term ecological effects are unilkely…

Pyrethroids

Peak (day of spray) pyrethroid concentrations were obtained on six occasions, ranging from <0.01 to 0.50 ug/L. These concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with buffer strip width, but not with any other site variable.

Discussion

Davies and Cook (1993) described the impact of a single spraying of cypermethrin on Sales Rivulet. They suggested that mayflies and stoneflies (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera) were the most sensitive taxa, showing the greatest response in both the drift and benthos. The present study further supports their observations with drift values being the highest for these groups at pyrethroid concentrations >0.1 ug/L and having the highest correlation with concentration. It appears that contamination of streams with low concentrations of pyrethroids from spray drift results in significant responses in invertebrate drift which are generally related to the mortality of mayflies and stoneflies (Davies and Cook 1993)

1998-1999: Toolara (Qld). Pesticide: Simazine

Simazine concentrations in soil groundwater and stream water following application to Pinus plantations in the coastal lowland forests of south-east Queensland. K.A.Bubb Queensland Forestry Research Institute. October 2000

"...The study had two components, the first being a large-scale catchment study site (903 ha) which assessed the level of simazine residues being transported from the point of application to the shallow unconfined aquifer and the major drainage stream over a 13-month period. The second component consisted of a seperate study on a small-scale study site (0.1 ha) to assess simazine persistence and its potential to leach in the course textured and relatively infertile soils of the area.

... Simazine was regularly detected in streamwater after surface runoff events but was below the current Australian drinking water health value. The detection of simazine in the unconfined aquifers at both sites indicated that it has the potential to leach to groundwater. However,  under routine applications it would seem that the groundwater concentrations were low and short lived (persistence < 6 weeks). The results indicated that simazine has a relatively short half-life (mean 13 days) in the course textured soils of the coastal lowlands of south-east Queensland..."

Mean simazine residues in perched aquifer at the small-scale study site following application 3 (25th March 1999)

<2 to 0.7ug/L. 0.6 to 0.7ug/L 14-21 days after treatment at groundwater depths between 0.43 and 0.7m

Mean Simazine residues (kg ha in soil following application) up to 96 days at one site.

Simazine concentrations in soil groundwater and stream water following application to Pinus plantations in the coastal lowland forests of south-east Queensland. K.A.Bubb Queensland Forestry Research Institute. October 2000

“…The study had two components, the first being a large-scale catchment study site (903 ha) which assessed the level of simazine residues being transported from the point of application to the shallow unconfined aquifer and the major drainage stream over a 13-month period. The second component consisted of a seperate study on a small-scale study site (0.1 ha) to assess simazine persistence and its potential to leach in the course textured and relatively infertile soils of the area.

… Simazine was regularly detected in streamwater after surface runoff events but was below the current Australian drinking water health value. The detection of simazine in the unconfined aquifers at both sites indicated that it has the potential to leach to groundwater. However,  under routine applications it would seem that the groundwater concentrations were low and short lived (persistence < 6 weeks). The results indicated that simazine has a relatively short half-life (mean 13 days) in the course textured soils of the coastal lowlands of south-east Queensland…”

Mean simazine residues in perched aquifer at the small-scale study site following application 3 (25th March 1999)

<2 to 0.7ug/L. 0.6 to 0.7ug/L 14-21 days after treatment at groundwater depths between 0.43 and 0.7m

Mean Simazine residues (kg ha in soil following application) up to 96 days at one site.

1979 July: Bankstown (NSW). 8 people hospitalised due to fungicide.

2,4,5-T Possible Cause of Birth Defects

3 July 1979

Matt Peacock: In Sydney last night 8 people were rushed to hospital after being accidently exposed to a fungicide which spilt from a truck in Bankstown, and last night's incident is just another reminder of what the Melbourne Age newspaper recently described as the pact with hell...

2,4,5-T Possible Cause of Birth Defects

3 July 1979

Matt Peacock: In Sydney last night 8 people were rushed to hospital after being accidently exposed to a fungicide which spilt from a truck in Bankstown, and last night’s incident is just another reminder of what the Melbourne Age newspaper recently described as the pact with hell…

1989 July: Collie River (WA). Pesticides: Atrazine, Hexazinone.

The Results of Monitoring the Department of Conservation and Land Management Program of Applying Granulated Herbicides by Helicopter. A Report to the Environment Protection Authority. EPA Bulletin 435 June 1990.

In 1989 an investigation of the environmental impacts of two herbicides proposed for helicopter application by the Department of Conservation and Land Management (CALM), was carried out by the Environment Protection Authority (EPA)...

The environmental impacts of these chemicals on the aquatic environment was also monitored at five sites. The chemicals were leached into adjacent streams and intermittently detected at relatively low concentrations generally, but ranging from 0.8 to 38.0ug/L atrazine and 1.5 to 18ug/L hexazinone.

There was no observed effect on aquatic growth in the Blackwood River, however in the streams at two application sites there did appear to be some impact on aquatic invertebrate drift...

Water samples were also collected from the southern branch of the Collie River and from a stream site called Darrell. The samples were analysed for both atrazine and hexazinone... The treatment site area drained directly into the Collie River...
The concentrations of atrazine observed in the river on 24 July were very high and exceeded what would normally be considered as a safe limit for the maintenance and preservation of aquatic ecosystems..., but were unlikely to be sufficiently high to kill aquatic fauna.
The samples were taken in a wet period during a suddent heavy fall of rain (18mm) from the side of the river and directly downstream of the application area...

Darrell Site: Hexazinone 18ug/L highest level, Atrazine 38ug/L highest level.

https://epa.wa.gov.au/EPADocLib/398_B435.pdf

The Results of Monitoring the Department of Conservation and Land Management Program of Applying Granulated Herbicides by Helicopter. A Report to the Environment Protection Authority. EPA Bulletin 435 June 1990.

In 1989 an investigation of the environmental impacts of two herbicides proposed for helicopter application by the Department of Conservation and Land Management (CALM), was carried out by the Environment Protection Authority (EPA)…

The environmental impacts of these chemicals on the aquatic environment was also monitored at five sites. The chemicals were leached into adjacent streams and intermittently detected at relatively low concentrations generally, but ranging from 0.8 to 38.0ug/L atrazine and 1.5 to 18ug/L hexazinone.

There was no observed effect on aquatic growth in the Blackwood River, however in the streams at two application sites there did appear to be some impact on aquatic invertebrate drift…

Water samples were also collected from the southern branch of the Collie River and from a stream site called Darrell. The samples were analysed for both atrazine and hexazinone… The treatment site area drained directly into the Collie River…
The concentrations of atrazine observed in the river on 24 July were very high and exceeded what would normally be considered as a safe limit for the maintenance and preservation of aquatic ecosystems…, but were unlikely to be sufficiently high to kill aquatic fauna.
The samples were taken in a wet period during a suddent heavy fall of rain (18mm) from the side of the river and directly downstream of the application area…

Grimwade Site: Hexazinone 4.4ug/L highest level 28/7/89, Atrazine 0.8ug/L highest level 28/7/89.

https://epa.wa.gov.au/EPADocLib/398_B435.pdf

1989 July: Balingup Brook (WA). Pesticides: Hexazinone, Atrazine

The Results of Monitoring the Department of Conservation and Land Management Program of Applying Granulated Herbicides by Helicopter. A Report to the Environment Protection Authority. EPA Bulletin 435 June 1990.

In 1989 an investigation of the environmental impacts of two herbicides proposed for helicopter application by the Department of Conservation and Land Management (CALM), was carried out by the Environment Protection Authority (EPA)...

The environmental impacts of these chemicals on the aquatic environment was also monitored at five sites. The chemicals were leached into adjacent streams and intermittently detected at relatively low concentrations generally, but ranging from 0.8 to 38.0ug/L atrazine and 1.5 to 18ug/L hexazinone.

There was no observed effect on aquatic growth in the Blackwood River, however in the streams at two application sites there did appear to be some impact on aquatic invertebrate drift...

At Grimwade there was no control sampling site because the entire catchment of the small tributary was to have herbicide applied. The observed herbicide concentrations were relatively low during and after application and therefore an adverse impact on stream fauna was not expected.
Detection of atrazine at low concentrations was unexpected since it was not applied as part of the programme. Its presence indicates that there may be a residual component to this herbicide remaining in the soil from previous applications in the catchment two years ago or it may be a result of spraying firebreaks on 5 July 1989. The herbicides used on the firebreaks were 2kg/ha atrazine and 1.5kg/ha hexazinone...

Grimwade Site: Hexazinone 4.4ug/L highest level 28/7/89, Atrazine 0.8ug/L highest level 28/7/89.

https://epa.wa.gov.au/EPADocLib/398_B435.pdf

The Results of Monitoring the Department of Conservation and Land Management Program of Applying Granulated Herbicides by Helicopter. A Report to the Environment Protection Authority. EPA Bulletin 435 June 1990.

In 1989 an investigation of the environmental impacts of two herbicides proposed for helicopter application by the Department of Conservation and Land Management (CALM), was carried out by the Environment Protection Authority (EPA)…

The environmental impacts of these chemicals on the aquatic environment was also monitored at five sites. The chemicals were leached into adjacent streams and intermittently detected at relatively low concentrations generally, but ranging from 0.8 to 38.0ug/L atrazine and 1.5 to 18ug/L hexazinone.

There was no observed effect on aquatic growth in the Blackwood River, however in the streams at two application sites there did appear to be some impact on aquatic invertebrate drift…

At Grimwade there was no control sampling site because the entire catchment of the small tributary was to have herbicide applied. The observed herbicide concentrations were relatively low during and after application and therefore an adverse impact on stream fauna was not expected.
Detection of atrazine at low concentrations was unexpected since it was not applied as part of the programme. Its presence indicates that there may be a residual component to this herbicide remaining in the soil from previous applications in the catchment two years ago or it may be a result of spraying firebreaks on 5 July 1989. The herbicides used on the firebreaks were 2kg/ha atrazine and 1.5kg/ha hexazinone…

Grimwade Site: Hexazinone 4.4ug/L highest level 28/7/89, Atrazine 0.8ug/L highest level 28/7/89.

https://epa.wa.gov.au/EPADocLib/398_B435.pdf

1989 July – 1989 August: Maidments site (Blackwood River) WA. Pesticides: Atrazine, Hexazinone.

The Results of Monitoring the Department of Conservation and Land Management Program of Applying Granulated Herbicides by Helicopter. A Report to the Environment Protection Authority. EPA Bulletin 435 June 1990.

In 1989 an investigation of the environmental impacts of two herbicides proposed for helicopter application by the Department of Conservation and Land Management (CALM), was carried out by the Environment Protection Authority (EPA)...

The environmental impacts of these chemicals on the aquatic environment was also monitored at five sites. The chemicals were leached into adjacent streams and intermittently detected at relatively low concentrations generally, but ranging from 0.8 to 38.0ug/L atrazine and 1.5 to 18ug/L hexazinone.

There was no observed effect on aquatic growth in the Blackwood River, however in the streams at two application sites there did appear to be some impact on aquatic invertebrate drift...

At the Maidments site both hexazinone and atrazine were detected downstream of the target area. Again concentrations were not very high, however, there is some evidence suggesting that the small intermittent runnels at the head of the catchment may have contained significantly higher levels of herbicides for short periods during heavy rainfall.
These runnels only contain runoff during rainfall events. An independent sample from one of these intermittent runnels on 26 July contained 22mg/L atrazine and 5.8mg/L hexazinone. Some dilution can be expected downstream, particularly since only part of the stream catchment was sprayed.
A sample taken downstream during the same event but the day before measured 1.3 and 2.3 mg/L atrazine and hexazinone respectively. Likewise a downstream sample two days after measured 1.4 and 3.5mg/L atrazine and hexazinone respectively.

Maidments Site: Hexazinone 4.2ug/L highest level 20/8/89, Atrazine 2.1ug/L highest level 7/7/89.

https://epa.wa.gov.au/EPADocLib/398_B435.pdf

The Results of Monitoring the Department of Conservation and Land Management Program of Applying Granulated Herbicides by Helicopter. A Report to the Environment Protection Authority. EPA Bulletin 435 June 1990.

In 1989 an investigation of the environmental impacts of two herbicides proposed for helicopter application by the Department of Conservation and Land Management (CALM), was carried out by the Environment Protection Authority (EPA)…

The environmental impacts of these chemicals on the aquatic environment was also monitored at five sites. The chemicals were leached into adjacent streams and intermittently detected at relatively low concentrations generally, but ranging from 0.8 to 38.0ug/L atrazine and 1.5 to 18ug/L hexazinone.

There was no observed effect on aquatic growth in the Blackwood River, however in the streams at two application sites there did appear to be some impact on aquatic invertebrate drift…

At the Maidments site both hexazinone and atrazine were detected downstream of the target area. Again concentrations were not very high, however, there is some evidence suggesting that the small intermittent runnels at the head of the catchment may have contained significantly higher levels of herbicides for short periods during heavy rainfall.
These runnels only contain runoff during rainfall events. An independent sample from one of these intermittent runnels on 26 July contained 22mg/L atrazine and 5.8mg/L hexazinone. Some dilution can be expected downstream, particularly since only part of the stream catchment was sprayed.
A sample taken downstream during the same event but the day before measured 1.3 and 2.3 mg/L atrazine and hexazinone respectively. Likewise a downstream sample two days after measured 1.4 and 3.5mg/L atrazine and hexazinone respectively.

Maidments Site: Hexazinone 4.2ug/L highest level 20/8/89, Atrazine 2.1ug/L highest level 7/7/89.

https://epa.wa.gov.au/EPADocLib/398_B435.pdf

1989 August: Blackwood River (WA). South of Nannup. Pesticide: Hexazinone

The Results of Monitoring the Department of Conservation and Land Management Program of Applying Granulated Herbicides by Helicopter. A Report to the Environment Protection Authority. EPA Bulletin 435 June 1990.

In 1989 an investigation of the environmental impacts of two herbicides proposed for helicopter application by the Department of Conservation and Land Management (CALM), was carried out by the Environment Protection Authority (EPA)...

The environmental impacts of these chemicals on the aquatic environment was also monitored at five sites. The chemicals were leached into adjacent streams and intermittently detected at relatively low concentrations generally, but ranging from 0.8 to 38.0ug/L atrazine and 1.5 to 18ug/L hexazinone.

There was no observed effect on aquatic growth in the Blackwood River, however in the streams at two application sites there did appear to be some impact on aquatic invertebrate drift...

Folly Site: Hexazinone 2.3ug/L highest level 14/8/89

https://epa.wa.gov.au/EPADocLib/398_B435.pdf

The Results of Monitoring the Department of Conservation and Land Management Program of Applying Granulated Herbicides by Helicopter. A Report to the Environment Protection Authority. EPA Bulletin 435 June 1990.

In 1989 an investigation of the environmental impacts of two herbicides proposed for helicopter application by the Department of Conservation and Land Management (CALM), was carried out by the Environment Protection Authority (EPA)…

The environmental impacts of these chemicals on the aquatic environment was also monitored at five sites. The chemicals were leached into adjacent streams and intermittently detected at relatively low concentrations generally, but ranging from 0.8 to 38.0ug/L atrazine and 1.5 to 18ug/L hexazinone.

There was no observed effect on aquatic growth in the Blackwood River, however in the streams at two application sites there did appear to be some impact on aquatic invertebrate drift…

Folly Site: Hexazinone 2.3ug/L highest level 14/8/89

https://epa.wa.gov.au/EPADocLib/398_B435.pdf

 

1991 – 1992: Darling River (NSW). Darling River sprayed with Algaecide to kill Blue Green-Algae.

...Terry Pearce received the results of the tests. Immediately Mitchell broadcast an emergency message on Bourke’s local radio station warning of the “extreme danger” to humans and stock: “we don’t want to alarm people... [but] the toxin from blue-green algae is, in fact, in pure form more dangerous than cyanide.” Mitchell then hatched a plan to spray vast tracts of the Darling with an agricultural algaecide. When the NSW Pollution Control Commission refused to grant permission for the aerial spraying, Mitchell said he would go ahead anyway, and the Commission warned they would sue him personally if he did. That wasn’t going to stop “the Mouth from Louth.”

Mitchell procured 600 litres of a copper-based algaecide. A large cotton irrigation firm offered to donate the use of one of their crop dusters and a pilot. When residents in Bourke heard of the shire’s plans for aerial spraying of the chemical over their water supply a group formed to try to halt the action. The chemical had never been used for this purpose and wasn’t approved for use on open water. Concerned residents called the Pollution Control Commission, which assured them the spraying would not go ahead. On 9 November Mitchell had the crop duster pilot track the ailing Darling over forty kilometres, releasing the deep blue liquid algaecide onto the water and black soil plains below. The pilot commented that “zigzagging along the ever-twisting Darling was an interesting change after the repetitious runs spraying cotton.”

The National Parks and Wildlife Service opposed the use of the chemical. Ian Smalls, the principal scientist of the Department of Water Resources, said if he’d known he would have strongly advised against its use. Copper-based algaecides work by attracting algae with its nutrient content. The algae absorb it through their cell wall and a digestive enzyme breaks down the algaecide and releases copper into the cell, killing the algae.

Thirsty weather: drought-stricken western New South Wales in 2007. Mark Merton

When used as directed, the algaecide is not toxic to humans. The reason so many authorities objected to its use – apart from its being untested in such circumstances – was that the algaecide causes the dead algae to release their neurotoxins into the water immediately. Smalls said the effect was “like putting pins in a balloon, releasing other materials.” According to the manufacturer’s website these toxins could persist for twenty-eight days. Authorities feared mass fish kills could result, as well as the potential for poisoning of stock and humans.

One Bourke resident wrote a letter to the Sydney Morning Herald asking if the Darling River was being “used as a guinea pig for experimenting with chemicals” and accusing Mitchell of using ten times the recommended concentration. Mitchell didn’t see his actions as a massive gamble. He claimed he had verbal permission from the Department of Agriculture in Orange and that the spraying had been a success. The department refuted this, telling the Herald, “We were waiting for Wally to get back to us to obtain official permission. He never did.”

For Wally Mitchell, a grazier himself, responsible for the safety of the shire’s people and its economically valuable stock, and getting nowhere with urban authorities, the dangers posed by a rapidly growing toxic algal bloom must have outweighed the risks of using the relatively benign algaecide. To some of the residents, however, it seemed as if some of the primary producers of the region had taken on the cavalier and reckless culture that they said the foreign-owned cotton firms had introduced.

https://insidestory.org.au/no-triple-bypass-no-miracle-cure-just-a-long-haul-back

…Terry Pearce received the results of the tests. Immediately Mitchell broadcast an emergency message on Bourke’s local radio station warning of the “extreme danger” to humans and stock: “we don’t want to alarm people… [but] the toxin from blue-green algae is, in fact, in pure form more dangerous than cyanide.” Mitchell then hatched a plan to spray vast tracts of the Darling with an agricultural algaecide. When the NSW Pollution Control Commission refused to grant permission for the aerial spraying, Mitchell said he would go ahead anyway, and the Commission warned they would sue him personally if he did. That wasn’t going to stop “the Mouth from Louth.”

Mitchell procured 600 litres of a copper-based algaecide. A large cotton irrigation firm offered to donate the use of one of their crop dusters and a pilot. When residents in Bourke heard of the shire’s plans for aerial spraying of the chemical over their water supply a group formed to try to halt the action. The chemical had never been used for this purpose and wasn’t approved for use on open water. Concerned residents called the Pollution Control Commission, which assured them the spraying would not go ahead. On 9 November Mitchell had the crop duster pilot track the ailing Darling over forty kilometres, releasing the deep blue liquid algaecide onto the water and black soil plains below. The pilot commented that “zigzagging along the ever-twisting Darling was an interesting change after the repetitious runs spraying cotton.”

The National Parks and Wildlife Service opposed the use of the chemical. Ian Smalls, the principal scientist of the Department of Water Resources, said if he’d known he would have strongly advised against its use. Copper-based algaecides work by attracting algae with its nutrient content. The algae absorb it through their cell wall and a digestive enzyme breaks down the algaecide and releases copper into the cell, killing the algae.

Thirsty weather: drought-stricken western New South Wales in 2007. Mark Merton

When used as directed, the algaecide is not toxic to humans. The reason so many authorities objected to its use – apart from its being untested in such circumstances – was that the algaecide causes the dead algae to release their neurotoxins into the water immediately. Smalls said the effect was “like putting pins in a balloon, releasing other materials.” According to the manufacturer’s website these toxins could persist for twenty-eight days. Authorities feared mass fish kills could result, as well as the potential for poisoning of stock and humans.

One Bourke resident wrote a letter to the Sydney Morning Herald asking if the Darling River was being “used as a guinea pig for experimenting with chemicals” and accusing Mitchell of using ten times the recommended concentration. Mitchell didn’t see his actions as a massive gamble. He claimed he had verbal permission from the Department of Agriculture in Orange and that the spraying had been a success. The department refuted this, telling the Herald, “We were waiting for Wally to get back to us to obtain official permission. He never did.”

For Wally Mitchell, a grazier himself, responsible for the safety of the shire’s people and its economically valuable stock, and getting nowhere with urban authorities, the dangers posed by a rapidly growing toxic algal bloom must have outweighed the risks of using the relatively benign algaecide. To some of the residents, however, it seemed as if some of the primary producers of the region had taken on the cavalier and reckless culture that they said the foreign-owned cotton firms had introduced.

https://insidestory.org.au/no-triple-bypass-no-miracle-cure-just-a-long-haul-back

1985 – 1987: Mt Lofty Golf Course (SA). Pesticides: Multiple.

Mount Lofty Golf Course

1985/6

Chlorpyrifos: 10.71% (frequency of detection), 0.02ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 14.29% (frequency of detection), 0.02ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 25% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 82.14% (frequency of detection), 2.4ug/L (highest detection)

Propyzamil: 60.71% (frequency of detection), 1.35ug/L (highest detection)

Vinclozolin: 40% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

1986/7

Chlorpyrifos: 35.71% (frequency of detection), 0.05ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 14.29% (frequency of detection), 0.23ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 28.57% (frequency of detection), 0.09ug/L (highest detection)

Endosulfan: 21.43% (frequency of detection), 0.08ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 100% (frequency of detection), 6.6ug/L (highest detection)

Propzamil: 42.86% (frequency of detection), 0.58ug/L (highest detection)

Vinclozolin: 42.8% (frequency of detection), 0.05ug/L (highest detection)

Pilot Survey of Pesticide Residues in Streams Draining a Horticultural Catchment, Piccadilly Valley, South Australia. K Thoma

Department of Agriculture South Australia

Technical Paper No. 131

June 1988

Mount Lofty Golf Course

1985/6

Chlorpyrifos: 10.71% (frequency of detection), 0.02ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 14.29% (frequency of detection), 0.02ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 25% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 82.14% (frequency of detection), 2.4ug/L (highest detection)

Propyzamil: 60.71% (frequency of detection), 1.35ug/L (highest detection)

Vinclozolin: 40% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

1986/7

Chlorpyrifos: 35.71% (frequency of detection), 0.05ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 14.29% (frequency of detection), 0.23ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 28.57% (frequency of detection), 0.09ug/L (highest detection)

Endosulfan: 21.43% (frequency of detection), 0.08ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 100% (frequency of detection), 6.6ug/L (highest detection)

Propzamil: 42.86% (frequency of detection), 0.58ug/L (highest detection)

Vinclozolin: 42.8% (frequency of detection), 0.05ug/L (highest detection)

Pilot Survey of Pesticide Residues in Streams Draining a Horticultural Catchment, Piccadilly Valley, South Australia. K Thoma

Department of Agriculture South Australia

Technical Paper No. 131

June 1988

1984 – 1986: Gore Creek (site 2 SA). Pesticides: Dieldrin, Lindane, Dachtal, Propyzanil

Gore Creek site 2

1984/5

DIeldrin: 47.06% (frequency of detection), 0.02ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 17.65% (frequency of detection), 0.02ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 29.41% (frequency of detection), 0.12ug/L (highest detection)

Propyzamil: 5.88% (frequency of detection), 0.05ug/L (highest detection)

1985/6

Lindane: 13.33% (frequency of detection), 0.02ug/L (highest detection)

Pilot Survey of Pesticide Residues in Streams Draining a Horticultural Catchment, Piccadilly Valley, South Australia. K Thoma

Department of Agriculture South Australia

Technical Paper No. 131

June 1988

Gore Creek site 2

1984/5

DIeldrin: 47.06% (frequency of detection), 0.02ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 17.65% (frequency of detection), 0.02ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 29.41% (frequency of detection), 0.12ug/L (highest detection)

Propyzamil: 5.88% (frequency of detection), 0.05ug/L (highest detection)

1985/6

Lindane: 13.33% (frequency of detection), 0.02ug/L (highest detection)

Pilot Survey of Pesticide Residues in Streams Draining a Horticultural Catchment, Piccadilly Valley, South Australia. K Thoma

Department of Agriculture South Australia

Technical Paper No. 131

June 1988

1984 – 1987: Gore Creek/Cox Creek (SA). Pesticides: Multiple

Gore Creek/Cox Creek

1984/5

DDT and Metabolites: 33.33% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 75% (frequency of detection), 9ug/L (highest detection)

Propyzamil: 8.33% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

1985/6

DDT and Metabolites: 33.33% (frequency of detection), 0.08ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 16.67% (frequency of detection), 0.04ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 83.33% (frequency of detection), 11ug/L (highest detection)

Propyzamil: 33.33% (frequency of detection), 0.93ug/L (highest detection)

Chlorothalonil: 5.55% (frequency of detection), 0.02ug/L (highest detection)

Vinclozolin: 75% (frequency of detection), 0.01ug/L (highest detection)

1986/7

Chlorpyrifos: 28.57% (frequency of detection), 0.59ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 35.71% (frequency of detection), 0.19ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 42.86% (frequency of detection), 0.08ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 64.29% (frequency of detection), 31ug/L (highest detection)

Propyzamil: 50% (frequency of detection), 0.9ug/L (highest detection)

Vinclozolin: 22.42% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

Pilot Survey of Pesticide Residues in Streams Draining a Horticultural Catchment, Piccadilly Valley, South Australia. K Thoma

Department of Agriculture South Australia

Technical Paper No. 131

June 1988

Gore Creek/Cox Creek

1984/5

DDT and Metabolites: 33.33% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 75% (frequency of detection), 9ug/L (highest detection)

Propyzamil: 8.33% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

1985/6

DDT and Metabolites: 33.33% (frequency of detection), 0.08ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 16.67% (frequency of detection), 0.04ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 83.33% (frequency of detection), 11ug/L (highest detection)

Propyzamil: 33.33% (frequency of detection), 0.93ug/L (highest detection)

Chlorothalonil: 5.55% (frequency of detection), 0.02ug/L (highest detection)

Vinclozolin: 75% (frequency of detection), 0.01ug/L (highest detection)

1986/7

Chlorpyrifos: 28.57% (frequency of detection), 0.59ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 35.71% (frequency of detection), 0.19ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 42.86% (frequency of detection), 0.08ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 64.29% (frequency of detection), 31ug/L (highest detection)

Propyzamil: 50% (frequency of detection), 0.9ug/L (highest detection)

Vinclozolin: 22.42% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

Pilot Survey of Pesticide Residues in Streams Draining a Horticultural Catchment, Piccadilly Valley, South Australia. K Thoma

Department of Agriculture South Australia

Technical Paper No. 131

June 1988

1984 – 1986: Sutton Creek (SA). Pesticides: DDT, Lindane, Dachtal, Propyzamil

Sutton Creek

1984/5

DDT and Metabolites: 21.05% (frequency of detection), 0.07ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 89,47% (frequency of detection), 0.74ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 31.58% (frequency of detection), 0.18ug/L (highest detection)

Propyzamil: 36.84% (frequency of detection), 0.12ug/L (highest detection)

1985/6

DDT and Metabolites: 33.33% (frequency of detection), 0.08ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 13.33% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

Pilot Survey of Pesticide Residues in Streams Draining a Horticultural Catchment, Piccadilly Valley, South Australia. K Thoma

Department of Agriculture South Australia

Technical Paper No. 131

June 1988

Sutton Creek

1984/5

DDT and Metabolites: 21.05% (frequency of detection), 0.07ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 89,47% (frequency of detection), 0.74ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 31.58% (frequency of detection), 0.18ug/L (highest detection)

Propyzamil: 36.84% (frequency of detection), 0.12ug/L (highest detection)

1985/6

DDT and Metabolites: 33.33% (frequency of detection), 0.08ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 13.33% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

Pilot Survey of Pesticide Residues in Streams Draining a Horticultural Catchment, Piccadilly Valley, South Australia. K Thoma

Department of Agriculture South Australia

Technical Paper No. 131

June 1988

1984 – 1987: Vince Creek (Boynthon Rd) (SA). Pesticides: Multiple

Vince Creek/Boynthon Road

1984/5

Chlorpyrifos: 26.32% (frequency of detection), 0.08ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 47,37% (frequency of detection), 0.2ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 84.21% (frequency of detection), 0.35ug/L (highest detection)

Endosulfan: 10.53% (frequency of detection), 0.01ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 68.42% (frequency of detection), 8.6ug/L (highest detection)

Propzamil: 38.84% (frequency of detection), 3.72ug/L (highest detection)

Chlorothalonil: 5% (frequency of detection), 0.08ug/L (highest detection)

1985/6

Chlorpyrifos: 4.35% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 39.13% (frequency of detection), 0.07ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 13.04% (frequency of detection), 0.02ug/L (highest detection)

Endosulfan: 4.35% (frequency of detection), 0.01ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 65.22% (frequency of detection), 2.4ug/L (highest detection)

Propzamil: 65.22% (frequency of detection), 1.1ug/L (highest detection)

1986/7

Chlorpyrifos: 23.08% (frequency of detection), 0.22ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 30.77% (frequency of detection), 0.09ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 38.46% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 84.62% (frequency of detection), 7.5ug/L (highest detection)

Propzamil: 53.85% (frequency of detection), 0.89ug/L (highest detection)

Pilot Survey of Pesticide Residues in Streams Draining a Horticultural Catchment, Piccadilly Valley, South Australia. K Thoma

Department of Agriculture South Australia

Technical Paper No. 131

June 1988

Vince Creek/Boynthon Road

1984/5

Chlorpyrifos: 26.32% (frequency of detection), 0.08ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 47,37% (frequency of detection), 0.2ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 84.21% (frequency of detection), 0.35ug/L (highest detection)

Endosulfan: 10.53% (frequency of detection), 0.01ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 68.42% (frequency of detection), 8.6ug/L (highest detection)

Propzamil: 38.84% (frequency of detection), 3.72ug/L (highest detection)

Chlorothalonil: 5% (frequency of detection), 0.08ug/L (highest detection)

1985/6

Chlorpyrifos: 4.35% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 39.13% (frequency of detection), 0.07ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 13.04% (frequency of detection), 0.02ug/L (highest detection)

Endosulfan: 4.35% (frequency of detection), 0.01ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 65.22% (frequency of detection), 2.4ug/L (highest detection)

Propzamil: 65.22% (frequency of detection), 1.1ug/L (highest detection)

1986/7

Chlorpyrifos: 23.08% (frequency of detection), 0.22ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 30.77% (frequency of detection), 0.09ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 38.46% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 84.62% (frequency of detection), 7.5ug/L (highest detection)

Propzamil: 53.85% (frequency of detection), 0.89ug/L (highest detection)

Pilot Survey of Pesticide Residues in Streams Draining a Horticultural Catchment, Piccadilly Valley, South Australia. K Thoma

Department of Agriculture South Australia

Technical Paper No. 131

June 1988

1984 – 1985: Vince Creek (SA). Pesticides: Chlorpyrifos, DDT, Lindane, Endosulfan, Dachtal, Propyzamil, Chlorothalonil

Vince Creek

1984/5

Chlorpyrifos: 18.75% (frequency of detection), 4.3ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 87.5% (frequency of detection), 1.18ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 81.25% (frequency of detection), 0.07ug/L (highest detection)

Endosulfan: 81.25% (frequency of detection), 0.25ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 43.75% (frequency of detection), 2.3ug/L (highest detection)

Propzamil: 6.25% (frequency of detection), 0.02ug/L (highest detection)

Chlorothalonil: 25% (frequency of detection), 0.53ug/L (highest detection)

1985

DDT and Metabolites: 40% (frequency of detection), 0.16ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 20% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 20% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

Propzamil: 13.33% (frequency of detection), 0.14ug/L (highest detection)

Pilot Survey of Pesticide Residues in Streams Draining a Horticultural Catchment, Piccadilly Valley, South Australia. K Thoma

Department of Agriculture South Australia

Technical Paper No. 131

June 1988

Vince Creek

1984/5

Chlorpyrifos: 18.75% (frequency of detection), 4.3ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 87.5% (frequency of detection), 1.18ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 81.25% (frequency of detection), 0.07ug/L (highest detection)

Endosulfan: 81.25% (frequency of detection), 0.25ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 43.75% (frequency of detection), 2.3ug/L (highest detection)

Propzamil: 6.25% (frequency of detection), 0.02ug/L (highest detection)

Chlorothalonil: 25% (frequency of detection), 0.53ug/L (highest detection)

1985

DDT and Metabolites: 40% (frequency of detection), 0.16ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 20% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 20% (frequency of detection), 0.03ug/L (highest detection)

Propzamil: 13.33% (frequency of detection), 0.14ug/L (highest detection)

Pilot Survey of Pesticide Residues in Streams Draining a Horticultural Catchment, Piccadilly Valley, South Australia. K Thoma

Department of Agriculture South Australia

Technical Paper No. 131

June 1988

1969: North Stradbroke Island (Qld). Australia’s first aerial spraying of mosquitos.

An Australian first: aerial spraying to control mosquitoes was tried on Stradbroke Island in October. It was reportedly very successful.

https://www.redland.qld.gov.au/AboutRedlands/History/OurSuburbs/Pages/North-Stradbroke-Island-timeline.aspx

An Australian first: aerial spraying to control mosquitoes was tried on Stradbroke Island in October. It was reportedly very successful.

https://www.redland.qld.gov.au/AboutRedlands/History/OurSuburbs/Pages/North-Stradbroke-Island-timeline.aspx

2005 December: Port Jackson Bream Dioxin Results (NSW)

 

Made in Australia

Between 1961 and 1971 the US and its allies sprayed and dumped around 80 million litres of Agent Orange and related chemicals on Vietnam. Demand for this poison was high, and Australian chemical manufacturers helped meet the demand and got their share of the profits.

Union Carbide (now owned by Dow Chemical) produced Agent Orange at Homebush in Sydney, leaving a terrible legacy. The factory is gone now, but in June 1997 Greenpeace investigations revealed an orphaned stockpile of thirty-six 200-litre drums and fifteen 50-litre drums of waste highly contaminated with dioxin next to Homebush Bay and the site of the 2000 Olympic Games. Greenpeace sampling of fish from Homebush Bay found high levels of dioxin in the food chain. Two sea mullet were found to have levels of the most toxic form of dioxin, 2378 TCDD, 10-15 times higher than US and Canadian standards for concentrations in edible fish.

The Sydney Morning Herald reported on October 30, 2010, that carcinogenic chemicals from the former Union Carbide factory are spreading throughout Sydney Harbour. According to government authorities, the contamination covers an area too large to be remediated, and the only answer is to wait until sediments cover the contaminated layer, so the poison cannot be absorbed by fish and small invertebrates. The high levels of dioxins in areas where fish feed mean that the official warnings not to eat fish caught west of the Harbour Bridge, and to eat only 150 grams a month of fish caught east of the bridge, will likely remain for decades.

Agent Orange was also produced in the outer Perth suburb of  Kwinana by  Chemical Industries Kwinana. The National Toxics Network noted in 2009 that quality control at the Perth factory was often poor, and “bad batches” were disposed of in pits on site and from time to time were burned. The open burning of these chemicals would have added to dioxin contamination. State government agencies have identified a plume of dioxin contamination beneath the site that has migrated to other nearby industrial sites.

The Nine MSN website reported on December 12, 2008, that Queensland’s Environmental Protection Agency had revealed the presence of dioxin in soil at an industrial site at Pinkenba, on the banks of a drain leading into the Brisbane River. Again the site was once a chemical factory that made Agent Orange in the 1960s and ‘70s. Dow Chemical, a global producer of Agent Orange, is currently cleaning up dioxin contamination on some of its sites in Victoria.

https://directaction.org.au/issue34/australias_role_in_agent_orange_crime

Made in Australia

Between 1961 and 1971 the US and its allies sprayed and dumped around 80 million litres of Agent Orange and related chemicals on Vietnam. Demand for this poison was high, and Australian chemical manufacturers helped meet the demand and got their share of the profits.

Union Carbide (now owned by Dow Chemical) produced Agent Orange at Homebush in Sydney, leaving a terrible legacy. The factory is gone now, but in June 1997 Greenpeace investigations revealed an orphaned stockpile of thirty-six 200-litre drums and fifteen 50-litre drums of waste highly contaminated with dioxin next to Homebush Bay and the site of the 2000 Olympic Games. Greenpeace sampling of fish from Homebush Bay found high levels of dioxin in the food chain. Two sea mullet were found to have levels of the most toxic form of dioxin, 2378 TCDD, 10-15 times higher than US and Canadian standards for concentrations in edible fish.

The Sydney Morning Herald reported on October 30, 2010, that carcinogenic chemicals from the former Union Carbide factory are spreading throughout Sydney Harbour. According to government authorities, the contamination covers an area too large to be remediated, and the only answer is to wait until sediments cover the contaminated layer, so the poison cannot be absorbed by fish and small invertebrates. The high levels of dioxins in areas where fish feed mean that the official warnings not to eat fish caught west of the Harbour Bridge, and to eat only 150 grams a month of fish caught east of the bridge, will likely remain for decades.

Agent Orange was also produced in the outer Perth suburb of  Kwinana by  Chemical Industries Kwinana. The National Toxics Network noted in 2009 that quality control at the Perth factory was often poor, and “bad batches” were disposed of in pits on site and from time to time were burned. The open burning of these chemicals would have added to dioxin contamination. State government agencies have identified a plume of dioxin contamination beneath the site that has migrated to other nearby industrial sites.

The Nine MSN website reported on December 12, 2008, that Queensland’s Environmental Protection Agency had revealed the presence of dioxin in soil at an industrial site at Pinkenba, on the banks of a drain leading into the Brisbane River. Again the site was once a chemical factory that made Agent Orange in the 1960s and ‘70s. Dow Chemical, a global producer of Agent Orange, is currently cleaning up dioxin contamination on some of its sites in Victoria.

https://directaction.org.au/issue34/australias_role_in_agent_orange_crime

1984 July – 1987 January: Cox Creek (SA). Pesticides: Multiple

Pilot Survey of Pesticide Residues in Streams Draining a Horticultural Catchment, Piccadilly Valley, South Australia.

K Thoma. Department of Agriculture South Australia Technical Paper No. 131 June 1988

Summary

Residue concentrations from selected pesticides in waters draining the Piccadilly Valley, a horticultural catchment, were monitored from July 1984 until January 1987.

Water samples were collected fortnightly from several locations within the study catchment to assess the effects of specific land uses on water quality. Two run-off events were intensively  sampled for their full duration. Samples were also taken further downstream to assess the effects of dilution and degradation upon stream water quality. Sediment samples were collected irregularly in the study catchment and further downstream.

Pesticide residues were detected in 83.5% of all water samples and in 100% of the sediment samples. Highest concentrations were detected during the growing season and particularly during run-off events occurring shortly after  pesticide applications.

Residue concentrations of DDT and Chlorpyrifos exceeded Maximum Residue Level Recommendations from the National Health and Medical Research Council on two occasions in streams in the Piccadilly Valley...

Conclusions

The highest residue concentrations were detected from the herbicides Dachtal and Propyzamide, followed by the organochlorines Endosulfan, DDT and Lindane. These findings are in agreement with studies conducted in the United States where powder formulations of herbicides and the persistent organochlorine insecticides were found to contribute the highest pesticide residue concentrations in run-off from intensive agricultural watersheds.

Increasing residue concentrations and detection frequencies of Dachtal and Endosulfan, particularly in the 1986/87 growing season, point to an increased use in the study catchment. Erratic fluctuations of residue concentrations and detection frequencies of Chlorpyrifos, Propyzamide and Chlorothalonil made the identification of a trend in pesticide use impossible...

DDT and Chlorpyrifos residues exceeded NH&MRC Maximum Residue Level recommendations during a run-off event and once during the routine monitoring program...Higher residue concentrations, particularly for the persistent organochlorines, could accumulate in bottom sediment of Mt Bold reservoir, which acts as a sink for sediment and sediment-bound pesticides.

The organochlorine insecticides DDT, Lindane, Endosulfan and to a lesser extent the organophosphorus insecticide Chlorpyrifos were detected in sufficiently high concentrations to adversely affect aquatic environments for extended periods of time according to water quality criteria recommended by the Victorian Environment Protection Authority. Bottom feeding organisms would be exposed to high concentrations of DDT in finely textured sediment. High concentrations of a multitude of pesticides during run-off events would affect a wide range of organisms.

Cox Creek

1984/5

Chlorpyrifos: 60.87% (frequency of detection), 0.52ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 69.57% (frequency of detection), 1.4ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 86.61% (frequency of detection), 0.32ug/L (highest detection)

Endosulfan: 8.7% (frequency of detection), 0.08ug/L (highest detection)

Parathion: 12.04% (frequency of detection), 0.48ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 100% (frequency of detection), 12.5ug/L (highest detection)

Propyzamil: 52.17% (frequency of detection), 3.6ug/L (highest detection)

Chlorothalonil: 13.04% (frequency of detection), 0.09ug/L (highest detection)

1985/6

Chlorpyrifos: 33.33% (frequency of detection), 0.07ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 40.74% (frequency of detection), 1.35ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 26.63% (frequency of detection), 0.06ug/L (highest detection)

Endosulfan: 14.81% (frequency of detection), 0.05ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 92.59% (frequency of detection), 17ug/L (highest detection)

Propyzamil: 66.67% (frequency of detection), 28ug/L (highest detection)

Chlorothalonil: 3.7% (frequency of detection), 0.01ug/L (highest detection)

Vinclozolin: 72.72% (frequency of detection), 0.33ug/L (highest detection)

1986/7

Chlorpyrifos: 52.38% (frequency of detection), 0.13ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 76.19% (frequency of detection), 0.55ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 28.57% (frequency of detection), 0.2ug/L (highest detection)

Endosulfan: 38.1% (frequency of detection), 1.01ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 10% (frequency of detection), 39ug/L (highest detection)

Propyzamil: 57.14% (frequency of detection), 6.7ug/L (highest detection)

Chlorothalonil: 4.76% (frequency of detection), 6.07ug/L (highest detection)

Vinclozolin: 47.61% (frequency of detection), 0.3ug/L (highest detection)

Run Off Events

15-17/4/86

Chlorpyrifos 0.13ug/L

DDT and Metabolites: 0.37ug/L

Lindane: 0.05ug/L

Endosulfan 0.12ug/L

Dachtal 9.7ug/L

Propyzamide: 0,1ug/L

Run Off Events

5-7/12/86

Chlorpyrifos 5.2ug/L

DDT and Metabolites: 7.26ug/L

Lindane: 0.16ug/L

Endosulfan 17.4ug/L

Dachtal 88ug/L

Propyzamide: 36ug/L

Sediment

Dachtal 100-300ug/kg (3700ug/kg high)

DDT 300-1400ug/kg (Swingler Bridge 1838 ug/kg 18/3/87)

Pilot Survey of Pesticide Residues in Streams Draining a Horticultural Catchment, Piccadilly Valley, South Australia.

K Thoma. Department of Agriculture South Australia Technical Paper No. 131 June 1988

Summary

Residue concentrations from selected pesticides in waters draining the Piccadilly Valley, a horticultural catchment, were monitored from July 1984 until January 1987.

Water samples were collected fortnightly from several locations within the study catchment to assess the effects of specific land uses on water quality. Two run-off events were intensively  sampled for their full duration. Samples were also taken further downstream to assess the effects of dilution and degradation upon stream water quality. Sediment samples were collected irregularly in the study catchment and further downstream.

Pesticide residues were detected in 83.5% of all water samples and in 100% of the sediment samples. Highest concentrations were detected during the growing season and particularly during run-off events occurring shortly after  pesticide applications.

Residue concentrations of DDT and Chlorpyrifos exceeded Maximum Residue Level Recommendations from the National Health and Medical Research Council on two occasions in streams in the Piccadilly Valley…

Conclusions

The highest residue concentrations were detected from the herbicides Dachtal and Propyzamide, followed by the organochlorines Endosulfan, DDT and Lindane. These findings are in agreement with studies conducted in the United States where powder formulations of herbicides and the persistent organochlorine insecticides were found to contribute the highest pesticide residue concentrations in run-off from intensive agricultural watersheds.

Increasing residue concentrations and detection frequencies of Dachtal and Endosulfan, particularly in the 1986/87 growing season, point to an increased use in the study catchment. Erratic fluctuations of residue concentrations and detection frequencies of Chlorpyrifos, Propyzamide and Chlorothalonil made the identification of a trend in pesticide use impossible…

DDT and Chlorpyrifos residues exceeded NH&MRC Maximum Residue Level recommendations during a run-off event and once during the routine monitoring program…Higher residue concentrations, particularly for the persistent organochlorines, could accumulate in bottom sediment of Mt Bold reservoir, which acts as a sink for sediment and sediment-bound pesticides.

The organochlorine insecticides DDT, Lindane, Endosulfan and to a lesser extent the organophosphorus insecticide Chlorpyrifos were detected in sufficiently high concentrations to adversely affect aquatic environments for extended periods of time according to water quality criteria recommended by the Victorian Environment Protection Authority. Bottom feeding organisms would be exposed to high concentrations of DDT in finely textured sediment. High concentrations of a multitude of pesticides during run-off events would affect a wide range of organisms.

Cox Creek

1984/5

Chlorpyrifos: 60.87% (frequency of detection), 0.52ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 69.57% (frequency of detection), 1.4ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 86.61% (frequency of detection), 0.32ug/L (highest detection)

Endosulfan: 8.7% (frequency of detection), 0.08ug/L (highest detection)

Parathion: 12.04% (frequency of detection), 0.48ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 100% (frequency of detection), 12.5ug/L (highest detection)

Propyzamil: 52.17% (frequency of detection), 3.6ug/L (highest detection)

Chlorothalonil: 13.04% (frequency of detection), 0.09ug/L (highest detection)

1985/6

Chlorpyrifos: 33.33% (frequency of detection), 0.07ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 40.74% (frequency of detection), 1.35ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 26.63% (frequency of detection), 0.06ug/L (highest detection)

Endosulfan: 14.81% (frequency of detection), 0.05ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 92.59% (frequency of detection), 17ug/L (highest detection)

Propyzamil: 66.67% (frequency of detection), 28ug/L (highest detection)

Chlorothalonil: 3.7% (frequency of detection), 0.01ug/L (highest detection)

Vinclozolin: 72.72% (frequency of detection), 0.33ug/L (highest detection)

1986/7

Chlorpyrifos: 52.38% (frequency of detection), 0.13ug/L (highest detection)

DDT and Metabolites: 76.19% (frequency of detection), 0.55ug/L (highest detection)

Lindane: 28.57% (frequency of detection), 0.2ug/L (highest detection)

Endosulfan: 38.1% (frequency of detection), 1.01ug/L (highest detection)

Dachtal: 10% (frequency of detection), 39ug/L (highest detection)

Propyzamil: 57.14% (frequency of detection), 6.7ug/L (highest detection)

Chlorothalonil: 4.76% (frequency of detection), 6.07ug/L (highest detection)

Vinclozolin: 47.61% (frequency of detection), 0.3ug/L (highest detection)

Run Off Events

15-17/4/86

Chlorpyrifos 0.13ug/L

DDT and Metabolites: 0.37ug/L

Lindane: 0.05ug/L

Endosulfan 0.12ug/L

Dachtal 9.7ug/L

Propyzamide: 0,1ug/L

Run Off Events

5-7/12/86

Chlorpyrifos 5.2ug/L

DDT and Metabolites: 7.26ug/L

Lindane: 0.16ug/L

Endosulfan 17.4ug/L

Dachtal 88ug/L

Propyzamide: 36ug/L

Sediment

Dachtal 100-300ug/kg (3700ug/kg high)

DDT 300-1400ug/kg (Swingler Bridge 1838 ug/kg 18/3/87)

 

2007 July – 2008 January: Macquarie River Coupe (approx). Pesticides: Simazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine

Approximate Location - Source Tim Morris MP FoI 28/2/08

11/7/07: Macquarie River Bridge downstream of Coupe - Simazine 0.78ug/L

31/7/07: Macquarie River Coupe Bridge - Simazine 2.07ug/L

10/8/07: Macquarie River Coupe Bridge - Simazine 2.73ug/L

4/9/07: Macquarie River Coupe Bridge - Simazine 1.72ug/L

20/9/07: Macquarie River Coupe DT-0.40 - Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.45ug/L, Simazine 1.77ug/L

23/10/07: Macquarie River Coupe Bridge - Simazine 0.82ug/L

23/11/07: Macquarie River Coupe Bridge - Simazine 0.52ug/L

6/12/07: Macquarie River Coupe Bridge - Simazine 0.46ug/L

16/1/08: Macquarie River Bridge upstream of Coupe - Simazine 0.29ug/L

Approximate Location – Source Tim Morris MP FoI 28/2/08

11/7/07: Macquarie River Bridge downstream of Coupe – Simazine 0.78ug/L

31/7/07: Macquarie River Coupe Bridge – Simazine 2.07ug/L

10/8/07: Macquarie River Coupe Bridge – Simazine 2.73ug/L

4/9/07: Macquarie River Coupe Bridge – Simazine 1.72ug/L

20/9/07: Macquarie River Coupe DT-0.40 – Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.45ug/L, Simazine 1.77ug/L

23/10/07: Macquarie River Coupe Bridge – Simazine 0.82ug/L

23/11/07: Macquarie River Coupe Bridge – Simazine 0.52ug/L

6/12/07: Macquarie River Coupe Bridge – Simazine 0.46ug/L

16/1/08: Macquarie River Bridge upstream of Coupe – Simazine 0.29ug/L

2007 October. Campbell Town Bridge Macquarie River. Pesticide: Simazine

3/10/07: Macquarie River - Campbell Town Bridge. Simazine 0.28ug/L

3/10/07: Macquarie River – Campbell Town Bridge. Simazine 0.28ug/L

2006 September: Liffey (Tas). Pesticide: Atrazine

28/9/06: Liffey - Atrazine 0.09ug/L, 7.42ug/L (Source Tim Morris MP FoI)

28/9/06: Liffey – Atrazine 0.09ug/L, 7.42ug/L (Source Tim Morris MP FoI)

2007 October: Brumby’s Creek (Tas). Pesticides: Simazine, MCPA

2/10/07: Brumby's Creek: Simazine 6.27ug/L, MCPA 0.54ug/L

Source: Agricultura; Chemicals in Waterways: Tim Green MP 28 Feb 2008

2/10/07: Brumby’s Creek: Simazine 6.27ug/L, MCPA 0.54ug/L

Source: Agricultura; Chemicals in Waterways: Tim Green MP 28 Feb 2008

2001 November: Chimney Saddle Treatment Plant (Tas). Pesticide: Atrazine

20/11/2001 Chimney Saddle treated. South Esk Water. Atrazine 0.21ug/L

Agricultural Chemicals in Waterways 28 February 2008 Tim Morris MP

20/11/2001 Chimney Saddle treated. South Esk Water. Atrazine 0.21ug/L

Agricultural Chemicals in Waterways 28 February 2008 Tim Morris MP

2003 + 2018: Mount Leslie Water Treatment Plant (Tas). Pesticide: Simazine, Metsulfuron Methyl, Sulfometuron Methyl

Mount Leslie Raw Water Basin

21/5/2003: Mt Leslie Treated Esk Water Simazine 0.13ug/L

8/6/2018: Mt Leslie Treated Esk Water Metsulfuron Methyl 4ug/L*

8/6/2018: Mt Leslie Treated Esk Water Sulfometuron Methyl 3ug/L*

Agricultural Chemicals in Waterways 28 February 2008 Tim Morris MP

*RTI application

Mount Leslie Raw Water Basin

21/5/2003: Mt Leslie Treated Esk Water Simazine 0.13ug/L

8/6/2018: Mt Leslie Treated Esk Water Metsulfuron Methyl 4ug/L*

8/6/2018: Mt Leslie Treated Esk Water Sulfometuron Methyl 3ug/L*

Agricultural Chemicals in Waterways 28 February 2008 Tim Morris MP

*RTI application

2005 June: Little Swanport River (Tas). Pesticide: Terbacil

23/6/05: Little Swanport River Flood Monitoring Terbacil 0.2ug/L

24/6/05: Little Swanport River Flood Monitoring Terbacil 0.2ug/L, 0.32ug/L, 0.29ug/L, 0.23ug/L

25/6/05: Little Swanport River Flood Monitoring Terbacil 0.31ug/L, 0.25ug/L, 0.29ug/L, 0.19ug/L, 0.24ug/L

26/6/05: Little Swanport River Flood Monitoring Terbacil 0.18ug/L

27/6/05: Little Swanport River Flood Monitoring Terbacil 0.23ug/L, 0.1ug/L

Source Agricultural Chemicals in Waterways. Tim Morris MP 28/2/08

23/6/05: Little Swanport River Flood Monitoring Terbacil 0.2ug/L

24/6/05: Little Swanport River Flood Monitoring Terbacil 0.2ug/L, 0.32ug/L, 0.29ug/L, 0.23ug/L

25/6/05: Little Swanport River Flood Monitoring Terbacil 0.31ug/L, 0.25ug/L, 0.29ug/L, 0.19ug/L, 0.24ug/L

26/6/05: Little Swanport River Flood Monitoring Terbacil 0.18ug/L

27/6/05: Little Swanport River Flood Monitoring Terbacil 0.23ug/L, 0.1ug/L

Source Agricultural Chemicals in Waterways. Tim Morris MP 28/2/08

2004 November – 2005 February: Tea Tree Rivulet (Tas). Pesticides: Simazine, Terbacil

4/11/2004: Tea Tree Rivulet Simazine 3.2ug/L, Terbacil 2.5ug/L

18/1/05: Simazine 0.07ug/L

8/2/05: Simazine 0.18ug/L, 0.14ug/L

Source FoI:  (Agricultural Chemicals in Waterways: Tim Morris MP 28/2/08)

4/11/2004: Tea Tree Rivulet Simazine 3.2ug/L, Terbacil 2.5ug/L

18/1/05: Simazine 0.07ug/L

8/2/05: Simazine 0.18ug/L, 0.14ug/L

Source FoI:  (Agricultural Chemicals in Waterways: Tim Morris MP 28/2/08)

2004 November – 2005 March: Brushy Plains Rivulet (Tas). Pesticides: Simazine, Terbacil

4/11/04: Brushy Plains Rivulet: Simazine 1.1ug/L, Terbacil 0.6ug/L

18/1/05: Brushy Plains Rivulet: Simazine 1.3ug/L

8/2/05: Brushy Plains Rivulet: Simazine 0.37ug/L

10/3/05: Brushy Plains Rivulet: Simazine 0.22ug/L, 0.21ug/L

Source FoI:  (Agricultural Chemicals in Waterways: Tim Morris MP 28/2/08)

4/11/04: Brushy Plains Rivulet: Simazine 1.1ug/L, Terbacil 0.6ug/L

18/1/05: Brushy Plains Rivulet: Simazine 1.3ug/L

8/2/05: Brushy Plains Rivulet: Simazine 0.37ug/L

10/3/05: Brushy Plains Rivulet: Simazine 0.22ug/L, 0.21ug/L

Source FoI:  (Agricultural Chemicals in Waterways: Tim Morris MP 28/2/08)

 

2006 April: Montague River (Tas). Pesticide: Simazine

26/4/06: Montague River Simazine 0.07ug/L (Agricultural Chemicals in Waterways: Tim Morris MP 28/2/08)

26/4/06: Montague River Simazine 0.07ug/L (Agricultural Chemicals in Waterways: Tim Morris MP 28/2/08)

1995: Macquarie Marshes (NSW). Ibis nestlings deaths. Pesticide: Chlorpyrifos

"Polluter Pays, Myths and Legends" Abstract

 

The NRA reports several fish kills in association with chlorpyrifos in water

reaching several hundred parts per billion (ppb). They also noted that chlorpyrifos may have been the cause of a major incident at an ibis rookery in the Macquarie Marshes in early 1995 in which large numbers of nestlings died, apparently from consumption of contaminated invertebrates brought back to the nest by parents. An explanation offered was the higher toxicity of the metabolite, chlorpyrifos oxon, which can reach significant levels in contaminated invertebrates. Chlorpyrifos oxon can remain undetected using standard analytical procedures because of its instability.

 

https://ntn.org.au/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/polluterpaysmythlegend.pdf

“Polluter Pays, Myths and Legends” Abstract

The NRA reports several fish kills in association with chlorpyrifos in water

reaching several hundred parts per billion (ppb). They also noted that chlorpyrifos may have been the cause of a major incident at an ibis rookery in the Macquarie Marshes in early 1995 in which large numbers of nestlings died, apparently from consumption of contaminated invertebrates brought back to the nest by parents. An explanation offered was the higher toxicity of the metabolite, chlorpyrifos oxon, which can reach significant levels in contaminated invertebrates. Chlorpyrifos oxon can remain undetected using standard analytical procedures because of its instability.

https://ntn.org.au/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/polluterpaysmythlegend.pdf

1990: Wallace Lake (NSW). Chlorpyrifos residues in eggs.

"Polluter Pays, Myths and Legends" Abstract

 

In 1990, opportunistic sampling found Chlorpyrifos in three eggs of the Little Terns (0.06-0.36ppm), in a liver sample from Little Terns (0.02ppm) and in a Pelican egg (0.5ppm) from the Wallace Lake colony on the central coast of NSW

https://ntn.org.au/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/polluterpaysmythlegend.pdf

“Polluter Pays, Myths and Legends” Abstract

 

In 1990, opportunistic sampling found Chlorpyrifos in three eggs of the Little Terns (0.06-0.36ppm), in a liver sample from Little Terns (0.02ppm) and in a Pelican egg (0.5ppm) from the Wallace Lake colony on the central coast of NSW

https://ntn.org.au/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/polluterpaysmythlegend.pdf

1983 – 1984: Boobera Lagoon (NSW). Pesticide: Endosulfan

"Polluter Pays, Myths and Legends" Abstract

In1984, sampling by the NSW State Pollution Control Commission in response to a major fish kill, identified endosulfan residues in Gil Gil Creek, north west of Moree at levels of (0.9-1.5ug/L) well above the LC50 for trout (0.3ug/L). Follow up sampling of Boobera Lagoon in the MacIntyre Valley during 1983-1984 confirmed the presence of endosulfan and a report on pesticide monitoring from the central and north west regions in 1995, acknowledged that the detection of high levels of endosulfan residues in the environment was a consequence of its use in agriculture. In the 1989-99 sampling in the Murray Darling Basin, endosulfan was detected in 53% if water samples with the median levels ranging from 0.02ug/L to 0.04ug/L.

https://ntn.org.au/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/polluterpaysmythlegend.pdf

“Polluter Pays, Myths and Legends” Abstract

In 1984, sampling by the NSW State Pollution Control Commission in response to a major fish kill, identified endosulfan residues in Gil Gil Creek, north west of Moree at levels of (0.9-1.5ug/L) well above the LC50 for trout (0.3ug/L). Follow up sampling of Boobera Lagoon in the MacIntyre Valley during 1983-1984 confirmed the presence of endosulfan and a report on pesticide monitoring from the central and north west regions in 1995, acknowledged that the detection of high levels of endosulfan residues in the environment was a consequence of its use in agriculture. In the 1989-99 sampling in the Murray Darling Basin, endosulfan was detected in 53% if water samples with the median levels ranging from 0.02ug/L to 0.04ug/L.

https://ntn.org.au/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/polluterpaysmythlegend.pdf

1988: Gwydir River (NSW). Catfish residues. Pesticide: Endosulfan

"Polluter Pays, Myths and Legends" Abstract National Toxics Network

 

Sampling of wild catfish in the Gwydir River NSW demonstrated a significant increase in endosulfan residues and its metabolites, endosulfan sulfate and isomers, in fish livers during summer (147.7 - 307.2 ug/kg) - Residues of Endosulfan in livers of wild catfish from a cotton growing area. Barbara Nowak (unplublished thesis) Uni.of Sydney 1988

https://ntn.org.au/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/polluterpaysmythlegend.pdf

“Polluter Pays, Myths and Legends” Abstract National Toxics Network

 

Sampling of wild catfish in the Gwydir River NSW demonstrated a significant increase in endosulfan residues and its metabolites, endosulfan sulfate and isomers, in fish livers during summer (147.7 – 307.2 ug/kg) – Residues of Endosulfan in livers of wild catfish from a cotton growing area. Barbara Nowak (unplublished thesis) Uni.of Sydney 1988

https://ntn.org.au/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/polluterpaysmythlegend.pdf

1999 June: Bassendean (WA) Pesticide spill: Pesticide: Trifluralin

June 1999: The herbicide involved was Trifluralin. The amount spilt was approximately 110 litres. Of this, it was estimated that approximately 30 litres entered Wesfarmers' internal drainage system. A proportion of this, diluted with rainwater, entered the road drainage system.

 

(3) Wesfarmers staff provided temporary bunding around the initial spill. When this was breached, Wesfarmers staff attempted to seal the on-site drains. They also provided absorbent material on the roadway. The Town of Bassendean and private contractors provided sand and labour to contain the liquid on the roadway. The herbicide

suppliers assisted with the containment and recovery of the material. I am not aware of the payment arrangements

for these actions.

 

(4)-(5) These questions should be referred to the Minister for Water Resources, as the Water and Rivers Commission has investigated these components

 

https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/hansard/hans35.nsf/%28ATT%29/794ACAB48B62593A4825681500128402/$file/C1020026.PDF

June 1999: The herbicide involved was Trifluralin. The amount spilt was approximately 110 litres. Of this, it was estimated that approximately 30 litres entered Wesfarmers’ internal drainage system. A proportion of this, diluted with rainwater, entered the road drainage system.

(3) Wesfarmers staff provided temporary bunding around the initial spill. When this was breached, Wesfarmers staff attempted to seal the on-site drains. They also provided absorbent material on the roadway. The Town of Bassendean and private contractors provided sand and labour to contain the liquid on the roadway. The herbicide

suppliers assisted with the containment and recovery of the material. I am not aware of the payment arrangements

for these actions.

(4)-(5) These questions should be referred to the Minister for Water Resources, as the Water and Rivers Commission has investigated these components

https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/hansard/hans35.nsf/%28ATT%29/794ACAB48B62593A4825681500128402/$file/C1020026.PDF

2004 November: Mackay (Qld) Pesticide spill. Pesticide: Bifenthrim

Pesticide Spill - Nebo Road (Daily Mercury) November 26 2004

SOUTH-BOUND traffic on Nebo Road slowed to a crawl yesterday morning after a collision between a sedan and a tray-back ute carrying pesticide.

The accident happened about 9.40am, opposite the Lantern Motor Inn and the Shell service station.

A 20-litre drum of Byfentrum [Bifenthrin?] (a pesticide similar to Aerogard) spilt onto the road in the collision and police restricted public access to the area until 11.10am, when it was declared safe.

The chemical was cleared by council workers and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Police and ambulance officers also attended, with ambulance workers treating one person for a minor injury.

No-one was taken to hospital.

Also yesterday, a two-vehicle accident occurred on Sydney Street, outside Coles Supermarket, at 8.15am. No-one was injured.

https://www.dailymercury.com.au/news/apn-pesticide-spill-restricts-nebo-road/77983/

Pesticide Spill – Nebo Road (Daily Mercury) November 26 2004

SOUTH-BOUND traffic on Nebo Road slowed to a crawl yesterday morning after a collision between a sedan and a tray-back ute carrying pesticide.

The accident happened about 9.40am, opposite the Lantern Motor Inn and the Shell service station.

A 20-litre drum of Byfentrum [Bifenthrin?] (a pesticide similar to Aerogard) spilt onto the road in the collision and police restricted public access to the area until 11.10am, when it was declared safe.

The chemical was cleared by council workers and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Police and ambulance officers also attended, with ambulance workers treating one person for a minor injury.

No-one was taken to hospital.

Also yesterday, a two-vehicle accident occurred on Sydney Street, outside Coles Supermarket, at 8.15am. No-one was injured.

https://www.dailymercury.com.au/news/apn-pesticide-spill-restricts-nebo-road/77983/

2011 June: Nerada (Qld) Crop Duster Accident

Pilot conscious after hitting powerlines at Nerada, near Innisfail

Courier Mail June 20 2011

EMERGENCY services are treating a pilot after the helicopter he was flying crashed into powerlines near Innisfail.

It is believed a crop duster crashed at about 8.57am at Nerada, near Innisfail.

Initial reports suggested the pilot, who was the only person in the helicopter, was conscious and breathing, an emergency services spokeswoman said.

https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/pilot-conscious-after-hitting-power-lines-at-nerada-near-innisfail/story-e6freon6-1226078307893

Pilot conscious after hitting powerlines at Nerada, near Innisfail

Courier Mail June 20 2011

EMERGENCY services are treating a pilot after the helicopter he was flying crashed into powerlines near Innisfail.

It is believed a crop duster crashed at about 8.57am at Nerada, near Innisfail.

Initial reports suggested the pilot, who was the only person in the helicopter, was conscious and breathing, an emergency services spokeswoman said.

https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/pilot-conscious-after-hitting-power-lines-at-nerada-near-innisfail/story-e6freon6-1226078307893

2010 May: Helicopter Spraying Crash Strzelecki Ranges, Gippsland.

HB Rescue Pilot Dies in Crash (May 22 2010) - Hawkes Bay Today

A Hastings pilot killed when his helicopter hit power lines and crashed in Australia on Thursday has been identified as Lowe Corporation Rescue Service relief flyer and Hastings helicopter company owner Chris Mansell.
The 50-year-old father of two died when the helicopter hit power lines and plunged into a pine plantation while spraying at Ryton Junction, near Mirboo in the Gippsland area of Victoria, about 160km east of Melbourne.
The crash was almost identical to another in which Mr Mansell was injured in Hawke's Bay 20 months ago.
Skyline Aviation managing director Mike Toogood, whose company provides the helicopter service to the Hawke's Bay Helicopter Rescue Trust, said: ``It's pretty devastating, particularly after the earlier crash, and it's hard to comprehend that he's met his fate in such a similar situation.''
The owner of Bay Heliwork and having been in Australia for about two weeks on contract for a company whose helicopter he was flying at the time of the crash, Mr Mansell was a ``very, very, competent'' pilot, Mr Toogood said.

https://www.nzherald.co.nz/hawkes-bay-today/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503462&objectid=10995957

HB Rescue Pilot Dies in Crash (May 22 2010) – Hawkes Bay Today

A Hastings pilot killed when his helicopter hit power lines and crashed in Australia on Thursday has been identified as Lowe Corporation Rescue Service relief flyer and Hastings helicopter company owner Chris Mansell.
The 50-year-old father of two died when the helicopter hit power lines and plunged into a pine plantation while spraying at Ryton Junction, near Mirboo in the Gippsland area of Victoria, about 160km east of Melbourne.
The crash was almost identical to another in which Mr Mansell was injured in Hawke’s Bay 20 months ago.
Skyline Aviation managing director Mike Toogood, whose company provides the helicopter service to the Hawke’s Bay Helicopter Rescue Trust, said: “It’s pretty devastating, particularly after the earlier crash, and it’s hard to comprehend that he’s met his fate in such a similar situation.”
The owner of Bay Heliwork and having been in Australia for about two weeks on contract for a company whose helicopter he was flying at the time of the crash, Mr Mansell was a “very, very, competent” pilot, Mr Toogood said.

https://www.nzherald.co.nz/hawkes-bay-today/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503462&objectid=10995957

2014 December: Spray damage revegetation Lake Bolac (Vic)

Spray damage to foreshore plantation devastates project volunteers at Lake Bolac - 2014 December

RARE and precious native plants have been killed by the illegal application of chemical spray at the Peter O'Rorke Native Grass and Wildflower Reserve on the foreshore at Lake Bolac.

A three metre wide strip at the bottom of the community run plantation has been sprayed from a vehicle travelling along the road. Police and Ararat Rural City Environment Officer, Deidre Andrews, have been informed. A clear breach of the law has occurred as it is an offence to cause wilful damage using chemical spray.

Project co-ordinator, Nolene Fraser, is extremely disappointed that the hard work carried out by volunteers to establish the plantation over the past three years, has been set back by such thoughtless action, while David Franklin, of Grassland Flora, Chatsworth, said it was a blatant example of destruction at a community site of what goes on in a broader context of damage to remnant native grasslands.

Una Allender, secretary of the Eel Festival, is shocked that this damage has occurred especially after the recent efforts of community members to weed and mulch the plantation and to prepare a section of it for a controlled burn.

The controlled burn will encourage the native species and help reduce the weed burden.

"It is hard to believe that anyone could spray this area accidentally, especially with a very prominent sign explaining what is planted on the site and why," Ms Allender said...

https://www.araratadvertiser.com.au/story/2742448/spray-damage-to-foreshore-plantation-devastates-project-volunteers-at-lake-bolac/

Spray damage to foreshore plantation devastates project volunteers at Lake Bolac – 2014 December

RARE and precious native plants have been killed by the illegal application of chemical spray at the Peter O’Rorke Native Grass and Wildflower Reserve on the foreshore at Lake Bolac.

A three metre wide strip at the bottom of the community run plantation has been sprayed from a vehicle travelling along the road. Police and Ararat Rural City Environment Officer, Deidre Andrews, have been informed. A clear breach of the law has occurred as it is an offence to cause wilful damage using chemical spray.

Project co-ordinator, Nolene Fraser, is extremely disappointed that the hard work carried out by volunteers to establish the plantation over the past three years, has been set back by such thoughtless action, while David Franklin, of Grassland Flora, Chatsworth, said it was a blatant example of destruction at a community site of what goes on in a broader context of damage to remnant native grasslands.

Una Allender, secretary of the Eel Festival, is shocked that this damage has occurred especially after the recent efforts of community members to weed and mulch the plantation and to prepare a section of it for a controlled burn.

The controlled burn will encourage the native species and help reduce the weed burden.

“It is hard to believe that anyone could spray this area accidentally, especially with a very prominent sign explaining what is planted on the site and why,” Ms Allender said…

https://www.araratadvertiser.com.au/story/2742448/spray-damage-to-foreshore-plantation-devastates-project-volunteers-at-lake-bolac/

2009 April: Langkoop (Vic) Crop Duster Accident.

Crop spraying examined after fatal crash

Updated 22 Apr 2009, ABC

Crash investigators examining the fatal helicopter crash on the Victoria-South Australian border will look at how safety regulations could be improved for crop sprayers.

The crash near Langkoop claimed the life of 29-year-old Rhys Kirwan from Tarpeena in the south east of South Australia.

Mr Kirwin was spraying a forest plantation when he clipped power lines and crashed into trees.

Dave Grambauer from the Australian Transport Safety Bureau says crop spraying pilots are well trained to deal with tough flying conditions.

"What we'll be doing is just gathering all the information and from there we'll be determining what was the cause and hopefully some safety benefit will come of it," he said.

"Within agricultural operations these pilots are trained as are other pilots ... trained to do what they do.

"The training is set out and it's done right through the organisations and the world and they come up to a standard to fly these types of operations."

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-04-22/crop-spraying-examined-after-fatal-crash/1659188

Crop spraying examined after fatal crash

Updated 22 Apr 2009, ABC
Crash investigators examining the fatal helicopter crash on the Victoria-South Australian border will look at how safety regulations could be improved for crop sprayers.

The crash near Langkoop claimed the life of 29-year-old Rhys Kirwan from Tarpeena in the south east of South Australia.

Mr Kirwin was spraying a forest plantation when he clipped power lines and crashed into trees.

Dave Grambauer from the Australian Transport Safety Bureau says crop spraying pilots are well trained to deal with tough flying conditions.

“What we’ll be doing is just gathering all the information and from there we’ll be determining what was the cause and hopefully some safety benefit will come of it,” he said.

“Within agricultural operations these pilots are trained as are other pilots … trained to do what they do.

“The training is set out and it’s done right through the organisations and the world and they come up to a standard to fly these types of operations.”

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-04-22/crop-spraying-examined-after-fatal-crash/1659188

1967 August: Black Rock (Vic). Anecdotes from a Bird Observer. Pesticide: Dieldin

Bird Observer, the Bird Observers' Club magazine, August 1967 by W.R. Wheeler and B. Salter

"In 1954 we built a home in Black Rock - a suburb 14 miles from the heart of Melbourne - on land which adjoined several hundred acres of golf courses. We retained as much of the native bush as possible, and planted hundreds more native shrubs, so that the native birds would be encouraged to come to the garden, and in proof of our success, since then I have recorded 121 species in or over the gardens.

Up to 1962 I was not aware of any effect which poisonous pesticides might have on my birds. I had no knowledge of pesticides in those days, but a record of their symptoms made at that time tallies exactly what I now know to be pesticide poisoning. The Yellow-faced honeyeaters were the earliest recognised victims; I found birds staggering about the garden, blundering into obstacles, unable to land or to remain perched, falling to the ground, screaming and in convulsion. I tried bringing them indoors, keeping them warm, feeding them nectar, raw egg, brandy, gin, Disprin, but always they died, in great distress. From the flock of 50 to 60, 20 died in the winter of 1963, just in the garden...it is possible that they pick up the poison in their "other" home, possibly the Mornington Peninsula where there are many orchards which are sprayed at frequent intervals.

Since 1964, the bodies of a considerable number of honey-eaters have been supplied to the Fisheries and Wildlife Department for analysis. The Department has reported that all bodies examined contained very high concentrations of Dieldrin...

Bird Observer, the Bird Observers’ Club magazine, August 1967 by W.R. Wheeler and B. Salter

“In 1954 we built a home in Black Rock – a suburb 14 miles from the heart of Melbourne – on land which adjoined several hundred acres of golf courses. We retained as much of the native bush as possible, and planted hundreds more native shrubs, so that the native birds would be encouraged to come to the garden, and in proof of our success, since then I have recorded 121 species in or over the gardens.

Up to 1962 I was not aware of any effect which poisonous pesticides might have on my birds. I had no knowledge of pesticides in those days, but a record of their symptoms made at that time tallies exactly what I now know to be pesticide poisoning. The Yellow-faced honeyeaters were the earliest recognised victims; I found birds staggering about the garden, blundering into obstacles, unable to land or to remain perched, falling to the ground, screaming and in convulsion. I tried bringing them indoors, keeping them warm, feeding them nectar, raw egg, brandy, gin, Disprin, but always they died, in great distress. From the flock of 50 to 60, 20 died in the winter of 1963, just in the garden…it is possible that they pick up the poison in their “other” home, possibly the Mornington Peninsula where there are many orchards which are sprayed at frequent intervals.

Since 1964, the bodies of a considerable number of honey-eaters have been supplied to the Fisheries and Wildlife Department for analysis. The Department has reported that all bodies examined contained very high concentrations of Dieldrin…

1978 March: Melton (Vic). Pesticides of concern: 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D

Yarram Baby (Conservation Council of Victoria - Pumpkins Poisons and People July 1978

The State Government yesterday appointed a 12-man committee to probe child abnormalities and birth defects in the Yarram area in South Gippsland...

In State Parliament, Mr Billing (Lib, Springvale) asked the Assistant Minister for Health, Mr Jona, to include the Melton area in the investigation.

Mr Billing said there had been an increase in abnormalities in the Melton area in the past two years...

Yarram Baby (Conservation Council of Victoria – Pumpkins Poisons and People July 1978

The State Government yesterday appointed a 12-man committee to probe child abnormalities and birth defects in the Yarram area in South Gippsland…

In State Parliament, Mr Billing (Lib, Springvale) asked the Assistant Minister for Health, Mr Jona, to include the Melton area in the investigation.

Mr Billing said there had been an increase in abnormalities in the Melton area in the past two years…

1977 August: Garden Sprays Dangerous – Clayton (Vic)

Garden Sprays Dangerous - worker claims

The Age Wednesday, August 3 1977.

A nurseryman who says he was forced to retire because of "dangerous pesticides" has called for stricter controls on garden chemicals.

Mr Robert Weeks, 32, said he was employed by a Clayton flower farm for four months.

During this time he suffered nausea, burning lips, and, on one occasion, bleeding in the mouth, he says.

Mr Weeks, of Regent Street, Springvale claims he was frequently sick because of daily exposure to flower spraying.

"The day before I was due to leave, I inhaled a poison pesticide which caused a severe cramp in my chest," he said. "I could hardly breathe, I thought I was going to lose consciousness."

Mr Weeks said other workers also complained that the sprays caused them illness, including nausea and vomiting.

He said workers had not been provided with breathing apparatus to cope with constant exposure to pesticides.

"The only protective clothing we received was for wet weather, but nothing to stop us breathing in the poisons," he said.

"On the occasion when I had the severe cramp, we were working on sterilising, or killing the ground, for new plants.

"The man on the tractor had some breathing equipment like a World War 1 gas mask, but we did not have any.

First they sprayed the ground with a spray with a heavy odor which made my eyes sting terribly, and then they put the poison in...

Garden Sprays Dangerous – worker claims

The Age Wednesday, August 3 1977.

A nurseryman who says he was forced to retire because of “dangerous pesticides” has called for stricter controls on garden chemicals.

Mr Robert Weeks, 32, said he was employed by a Clayton flower farm for four months.

During this time he suffered nausea, burning lips, and, on one occasion, bleeding in the mouth, he says.

Mr Weeks, of Regent Street, Springvale claims he was frequently sick because of daily exposure to flower spraying.

“The day before I was due to leave, I inhaled a poison pesticide which caused a severe cramp in my chest,” he said. “I could hardly breathe, I thought I was going to lose consciousness.”

Mr Weeks said other workers also complained that the sprays caused them illness, including nausea and vomiting.

He said workers had not been provided with breathing apparatus to cope with constant exposure to pesticides.

“The only protective clothing we received was for wet weather, but nothing to stop us breathing in the poisons,” he said.

“On the occasion when I had the severe cramp, we were working on sterilising, or killing the ground, for new plants.

“The man on the tractor had some breathing equipment like a World War 1 gas mask, but we did not have any.

First they sprayed the ground with a spray with a heavy odor which made my eyes sting terribly, and then they put the poison in…

2013 January: Tully River. Pesticides: Atrazine, Diuron, Hexazinone, Imidacloprid

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix E p75 Table 36 TERRESTRIAL RUN-OFF ASSESSMENT- GRAB Sample RESULTS(ng.L-1)

27/1/13 Tully River (Tully mid between Goold and Bedarra Island): Atrazine 31, Diuron 140, Hexazinone 41, Imidacloprid 20

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix E p75 Table 36 TERRESTRIAL RUN-OFF ASSESSMENT- GRAB Sample RESULTS(ng.L-1)

27/1/13 Tully River (Tully mid between Goold and Bedarra Island): Atrazine 31, Diuron 140, Hexazinone 41, Imidacloprid 20

2013 February: Mary River Mouth. Pesticides: Atrazine, Diuron

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix E p75 Table 36 TERRESTRIAL RUN-OFF ASSESSMENT- GRAB Sample RESULTS(ng.L-1)

8/2/13 Mary River Mouth: Atrazine 11, Diuron 18

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix E p75 Table 36 TERRESTRIAL RUN-OFF ASSESSMENT- GRAB Sample RESULTS(ng.L-1)

8/2/13 Mary River Mouth: Atrazine 11, Diuron 18

2013 March: Palm Island South. Pesticides: Atrazine, Diuron, Hexazinone

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix E p75 Table 36 TERRESTRIAL RUN-OFF ASSESSMENT- GRAB Sample RESULTS(ng.L-1)

13/3/13 Palm Island South: Atrazine 28, Diuron 82, Hexazinone 19

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix E p75 Table 36 TERRESTRIAL RUN-OFF ASSESSMENT- GRAB Sample RESULTS(ng.L-1)

13/3/13 Palm Island South: Atrazine 28, Diuron 82, Hexazinone 19

2013 March: Seymour River (Qld). Pesticide: Diuron

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix E p75 Table 36 TERRESTRIAL RUN-OFF ASSESSMENT- GRAB Sample RESULTS(ng.L-1)

25/3/13 Seymour River - Mouth: Diuron 29

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix E p75 Table 36 TERRESTRIAL RUN-OFF ASSESSMENT- GRAB Sample RESULTS(ng.L-1)

25/3/13 Seymour River – Mouth: Diuron 29

 

2013 January: Herbert River Channel North: Pesticide: Diuron, Simazine

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix E p75 Table 36 TERRESTRIAL RUN-OFF ASSESSMENT- GRAB Sample RESULTS(ng.L-1)

16/1/13 Herbert River - Channel North: Diuron 12

17/1/13 Herbert River - South (Mouth): Diuron 24, Simazine 22

17/1/13 Herbert River - Channel South: Diuron 15, Simazine 17

25/3/13 Herbert River - Mouth 1 Diuron 33

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix E p75 Table 36 TERRESTRIAL RUN-OFF ASSESSMENT- GRAB Sample RESULTS(ng.L-1)

16/1/13 Herbert River – Channel North: Diuron 12

17/1/13 Herbert River – South (Mouth): Diuron 24, Simazine 22

17/1/13 Herbert River – Channel South: Diuron 15, Simazine 17

25/3/13 Herbert River – Mouth 1 Diuron 33

2012 May – 2013 April: North Keppel Island (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p74 Table 35 North Keppel Island, Fitzroy region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

15 May 12 - 10 Jul 12: Ametryn 0.02, Atrazine 0.32, DE Atrazine 0.05, Diuron 0.72, Hexazinone 0.05, Simazine 0.16, Tebuthiuron 0.11

10 Jul 12 - 7 Sep 12: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.26, DE Atrazine 0.06, DI Atrazine 0.09, Diuron 0.55, Hexazinone 0.7, Simazine 1.4, Tebuthiuron 5.2, Metolachlor 0.06

7 Sep 12 - 10 Nov 12: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.17, DE Atrazine 0.04, DI Atrazine 0.05,  Diuron 0.31, Hexazinone 0.03, Simazine 0.71,  Tebuthiuron 2.4, Metolachlor 0.02

10 Nov 12 - 10 Dec 12: Ametryn 0.03, Atrazine 0.21, DE Atrazine 0.04, Diuron 0.71, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.06, Tebuthiuron 0.69, Metolachlor 0.03

10 Dec 12 - 29 Jan 13: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.28, DE Atrazine 0.04, Diuron 0.9, Hexazinone 0.03, Simazine 0.1, Tebuthiuron 0.35, Metolachlor 0.3

29 Jan 13 - 11 Feb 13: Ametryn 0.45, Atrazine 8.1, DE Atrazine 0.67, DI Atrazine 0.58, Diuron 5.6, Hexazinone 1.6, Prometryn 0.06, Simazine 0.95, Tebuthiuron 57, Terbutryn 0.41,  Metolachlor 6.4

11 Feb 13 - 13 Mar 13: Ametryn 0.44, Atrazine 2.8, DE Atrazine 0.22, DI Atrazine 0.09, Diuron 5.1, Hexazinone 0.83, Prometryn 0.1, Simazine 0.14, Tebuthiuron 2.9, Bromacil 0.26,  Terbutryn 0.08,  Metolachlor 1.3

13 Mar 13 - 23 Apr 13: Atrazine 1.1, DE Atrazine 0.23, Diuron 1.4, Hexazinone 0.25, Simazine 0.1, Tebuthiuron 0.77,  Metolachlor 0.76

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p74 Table 35 North Keppel Island, Fitzroy region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

15 May 12 – 10 Jul 12: Ametryn 0.02, Atrazine 0.32, DE Atrazine 0.05, Diuron 0.72, Hexazinone 0.05, Simazine 0.16, Tebuthiuron 0.11

10 Jul 12 – 7 Sep 12: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.26, DE Atrazine 0.06, DI Atrazine 0.09, Diuron 0.55, Hexazinone 0.7, Simazine 1.4, Tebuthiuron 5.2, Metolachlor 0.06

7 Sep 12 – 10 Nov 12: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.17, DE Atrazine 0.04, DI Atrazine 0.05,  Diuron 0.31, Hexazinone 0.03, Simazine 0.71,  Tebuthiuron 2.4, Metolachlor 0.02

10 Nov 12 – 10 Dec 12: Ametryn 0.03, Atrazine 0.21, DE Atrazine 0.04, Diuron 0.71, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.06, Tebuthiuron 0.69, Metolachlor 0.03

10 Dec 12 – 29 Jan 13: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.28, DE Atrazine 0.04, Diuron 0.9, Hexazinone 0.03, Simazine 0.1, Tebuthiuron 0.35, Metolachlor 0.3

29 Jan 13 – 11 Feb 13: Ametryn 0.45, Atrazine 8.1, DE Atrazine 0.67, DI Atrazine 0.58, Diuron 5.6, Hexazinone 1.6, Prometryn 0.06, Simazine 0.95, Tebuthiuron 57, Terbutryn 0.41,  Metolachlor 6.4

11 Feb 13 – 13 Mar 13: Ametryn 0.44, Atrazine 2.8, DE Atrazine 0.22, DI Atrazine 0.09, Diuron 5.1, Hexazinone 0.83, Prometryn 0.1, Simazine 0.14, Tebuthiuron 2.9, Bromacil 0.26,  Terbutryn 0.08,  Metolachlor 1.3

13 Mar 13 – 23 Apr 13: Atrazine 1.1, DE Atrazine 0.23, Diuron 1.4, Hexazinone 0.25, Simazine 0.1, Tebuthiuron 0.77,  Metolachlor 0.76

2012 May – 2013 April: Sarina Inlet (Qld). Pesticides Multiple

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p73 Table 34 Sarina Inlet, Mackay Whitsunday  region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

6 May 12 - 11 Jul 12: Ametryn 0.04, Atrazine 1.1, DE Atrazine 0.15, Diuron 1.3, Hexazinone 0.34, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.11, Tebuthiuron 0.96

11 Jul 12 - 27 Aug 12: Ametryn 0.06, Atrazine 2.2, DI Atrazine 0.18, Diuron 3.2, Hexazinone 1.2, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.16, Tebuthiuron 0.71, Metolachlor 0.18

27 Aug 12 - 9 Nov 12: Ametryn 0.09, Atrazine 2.3, DE Atrazine 0.43,  Diuron 3.7, Hexazinone 1.0, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.15,  Tebuthiuron 0.63, Metolachlor 0.26

9 Nov 12 - 6 Dec 12: Ametryn 0.05, Atrazine 0.8, DE Atrazine 0.14, Diuron 2.1, Hexazinone 0.5, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.17, Tebuthiuron 0.25, Metolachlor 0.09

6 Dec 12 - 17 Jan 13: Ametryn 0.26, Atrazine 6.4, DE Atrazine 0.6, Diuron 15, Hexazinone 6.1, Simazine 0.09, Tebuthiuron 12, Metolachlor 2.4, Imidacloprid 1.9

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p73 Table 34 Sarina Inlet, Mackay Whitsunday  region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

6 May 12 – 11 Jul 12: Ametryn 0.04, Atrazine 1.1, DE Atrazine 0.15, Diuron 1.3, Hexazinone 0.34, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.11, Tebuthiuron 0.96

11 Jul 12 – 27 Aug 12: Ametryn 0.06, Atrazine 2.2, DI Atrazine 0.18, Diuron 3.2, Hexazinone 1.2, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.16, Tebuthiuron 0.71, Metolachlor 0.18

27 Aug 12 – 9 Nov 12: Ametryn 0.09, Atrazine 2.3, DE Atrazine 0.43,  Diuron 3.7, Hexazinone 1.0, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.15,  Tebuthiuron 0.63, Metolachlor 0.26

9 Nov 12 – 6 Dec 12: Ametryn 0.05, Atrazine 0.8, DE Atrazine 0.14, Diuron 2.1, Hexazinone 0.5, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.17, Tebuthiuron 0.25, Metolachlor 0.09

6 Dec 12 – 17 Jan 13: Ametryn 0.26, Atrazine 6.4, DE Atrazine 0.6, Diuron 15, Hexazinone 6.1, Simazine 0.09, Tebuthiuron 12, Metolachlor 2.4, Imidacloprid 1.9

 

2012 May – 2013 May: Outer Whitsunday Islands. Pesticides: Multiple

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p72 Table 33 Outer Whitsunday, Mackay Whitsunday  region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

5 May 12 - 27 Jul 12: Ametryn 0.06, Atrazine 2.84, DE Atrazine 0.37,, Diuron 2.44, Hexazinone 0.37, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.15, Tebuthiuron 1.11, Metolachlor 0.04

27 Jul 12 - 31 Aug 12: Ametryn 0.03, Atrazine 0.34, Diuron 0.93, Hexazinone 0.11, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.02, Tebuthiuron 0.51

31 Aug 12 - 1 Oct 12: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.33, DE Atrazine 0.06,  Diuron 0.5, Hexazinone 0.06, Simazine 0.03,  Tebuthiuron 0.16, Metolachlor 0.04

1 Oct 12 - 3 Nov 12: Ametryn 0.02, Atrazine 0.17, Diuron 0.3,Tebuthiuron 0.04, Metolachlor 0.02

3 Nov 12 - 3 Dec 12: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.07, Diuron 0.32, Hexazinone 0.03, Prometryn 0.01, Tebuthiuron 0.02, Metolachlor 0.01

3 Dec 12 - 5 Feb 13: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.13, DE Atrazine 0.03, Diuron 0.25,  Hexazinone 0.02, Simazine 0.03, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.01

5 Feb 13 - 4 Mar 13: Ametryn 0.61 (PDMS 2.9), Atrazine 3.2, DE Atrazine 0.06, Diuron 38,  Hexazinone 6.8, Tebuthiuron 4.7, Metolachlor 0.58, Imidacloprid 0.52, Galaxolide (PDMS 0.08)

4 Mar 13 - 5 May 13: Ametryn 0.11, Atrazine 1.0, DE Atrazine 0.12, Diuron 2, Hexazinone 0.53, Simazine 0.07, Tebuthiuron 3.7, Metolachlor 0.39 (PDMS 4.6)

 

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p72 Table 33 Outer Whitsunday, Mackay Whitsunday  region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

5 May 12 – 27 Jul 12: Ametryn 0.06, Atrazine 2.84, DE Atrazine 0.37,, Diuron 2.44, Hexazinone 0.37, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.15, Tebuthiuron 1.11, Metolachlor 0.04

27 Jul 12 – 31 Aug 12: Ametryn 0.03, Atrazine 0.34, Diuron 0.93, Hexazinone 0.11, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.02, Tebuthiuron 0.51

31 Aug 12 – 1 Oct 12: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.33, DE Atrazine 0.06,  Diuron 0.5, Hexazinone 0.06, Simazine 0.03,  Tebuthiuron 0.16, Metolachlor 0.04

1 Oct 12 – 3 Nov 12: Ametryn 0.02, Atrazine 0.17, Diuron 0.3,Tebuthiuron 0.04, Metolachlor 0.02

3 Nov 12 – 3 Dec 12: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.07, Diuron 0.32, Hexazinone 0.03, Prometryn 0.01, Tebuthiuron 0.02, Metolachlor 0.01

3 Dec 12 – 5 Feb 13: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.13, DE Atrazine 0.03, Diuron 0.25,  Hexazinone 0.02, Simazine 0.03, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.01

5 Feb 13 – 4 Mar 13: Ametryn 0.61 (PDMS 2.9), Atrazine 3.2, DE Atrazine 0.06, Diuron 38,  Hexazinone 6.8, Tebuthiuron 4.7, Metolachlor 0.58, Imidacloprid 0.52, Galaxolide (PDMS 0.08)

4 Mar 13 – 5 May 13: Ametryn 0.11, Atrazine 1.0, DE Atrazine 0.12, Diuron 2, Hexazinone 0.53, Simazine 0.07, Tebuthiuron 3.7, Metolachlor 0.39 (PDMS 4.6)

 

2012 June – 2012 September: Pioneer Bay (Qld). Pesticides: Ametryn, Atrazine, Diuron, Hexazinone, Tebuthiuron, Terbutryn

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p71 Table 32 Pioneer Bay, Mackay Whitsunday region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

3 Jun 12 - 16 Sep 12: Ametryn 0.2, Atrazine 0.07, Diuron 3.7, Hexazinone 0.1, Tebuthiuron 0.38, Terbutryn 0.19

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p71 Table 32 Pioneer Bay, Mackay Whitsunday region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

3 Jun 12 – 16 Sep 12: Ametryn 0.2, Atrazine 0.07, Diuron 3.7, Hexazinone 0.1, Tebuthiuron 0.38, Terbutryn 0.19

 

2012 May – 2013 May: Cape Cleveland (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p70 Table 31 Cape Cleveland, Burdekin region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

3 May 12 - 3 Jul 12: Ametryn 0.2, Atrazine 2.3, DE Atrazine 0.32,, Diuron 3.2, Hexazinone 0.8, Simazine 0.06, Tebuthiuron 0.15, Bromacil 0.21,  Terbutryn 0.51

3 Jul 12 - 3 Sep 12: Ametryn 0.45, Atrazine 0.65, Diuron 0.98, Hexazinone 0.24,Tebuthiuron 0.13, Metolachlor 1.1

3 Sep 12 - 5 Nov 12: Ametryn 0.06, Atrazine 0.32, Diuron 0.65, Hexazinone 0.12, Tebuthiuron 0.08, Metolachlor 0.33

5 Nov 12 - 3 Dec 12: Ametryn 0.08, Atrazine 0.57, Diuron 0.46, Hexazinone 0.06, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.08, Tebuthiuron 0.02, Metolachlor 0.06

3 Dec 12 - 2 Jan 13: Ametryn 0.1, Atrazine 0.51, DE Atrazine 0.1, Diuron 0.8, Hexazinone 0.1, Tebuthiuron 0.04, Metolachlor 0.09

2 Jan 13 - 13 Feb 13: Ametryn 0.41, Atrazine 28, DE Atrazine 4, DT Atrazine 1.1,  Diuron 11,  Hexazinone 0.27, Prometryn 0.01,  Simazine 0.16, Tebuthiuron 0.18, Metolachlor 0.46 (6 PDMS)

13 Feb 13 - 6 Mar 13: Ametryn 0.53, Atrazine 20, DE Atrazine 2.6, Diuron 9.2,  Hexazinone 0.48, Simazine 0.13, Tebuthiuron 0.38, Metolachlor 0.29

6 Mar 13 - 8 Apr 13: Ametryn 0.39, Atrazine 5.1, DE Atrazine 1.2, DI Atrazine 0.27, Diuron 11, Hexazinone 2.2, Simazine 0.07, Tebuthiuron 0.4, Metolachlor 0.16

8 Apr 13 - 13 May 13: Ametryn 0.33, Atrazine 2.2, DE Atrazine 0.13, Diuron 8.6, Hexazinone 2.5, Simazine 0.05, Tebuthiuron 2.4, Metolachlor 0.39 (6.3 PDMS)

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p70 Table 31 Cape Cleveland, Burdekin region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

3 May 12 – 3 Jul 12: Ametryn 0.2, Atrazine 2.3, DE Atrazine 0.32,, Diuron 3.2, Hexazinone 0.8, Simazine 0.06, Tebuthiuron 0.15, Bromacil 0.21,  Terbutryn 0.51

3 Jul 12 – 3 Sep 12: Ametryn 0.45, Atrazine 0.65, Diuron 0.98, Hexazinone 0.24,Tebuthiuron 0.13, Metolachlor 1.1

3 Sep 12 – 5 Nov 12: Ametryn 0.06, Atrazine 0.32, Diuron 0.65, Hexazinone 0.12, Tebuthiuron 0.08, Metolachlor 0.33

5 Nov 12 – 3 Dec 12: Ametryn 0.08, Atrazine 0.57, Diuron 0.46, Hexazinone 0.06, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.08, Tebuthiuron 0.02, Metolachlor 0.06

3 Dec 12 – 2 Jan 13: Ametryn 0.1, Atrazine 0.51, DE Atrazine 0.1, Diuron 0.8, Hexazinone 0.1, Tebuthiuron 0.04, Metolachlor 0.09

2 Jan 13 – 13 Feb 13: Ametryn 0.41, Atrazine 28, DE Atrazine 4, DT Atrazine 1.1,  Diuron 11,  Hexazinone 0.27, Prometryn 0.01,  Simazine 0.16, Tebuthiuron 0.18, Metolachlor 0.46 (6 PDMS)

13 Feb 13 – 6 Mar 13: Ametryn 0.53, Atrazine 20, DE Atrazine 2.6, Diuron 9.2,  Hexazinone 0.48, Simazine 0.13, Tebuthiuron 0.38, Metolachlor 0.29

6 Mar 13 – 8 Apr 13: Ametryn 0.39, Atrazine 5.1, DE Atrazine 1.2, DI Atrazine 0.27, Diuron 11, Hexazinone 2.2, Simazine 0.07, Tebuthiuron 0.4, Metolachlor 0.16

8 Apr 13 – 13 May 13: Ametryn 0.33, Atrazine 2.2, DE Atrazine 0.13, Diuron 8.6, Hexazinone 2.5, Simazine 0.05, Tebuthiuron 2.4, Metolachlor 0.39 (6.3 PDMS)

2012 May – 2013 May: Magnetic Island (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p69 Table 30 Magnetic Island, Burdekin region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

5 May 12 - 3 Jul 12: Ametryn 0.06, Atrazine 1.9, DE Atrazine 0.29,, Diuron 9.2, Hexazinone 0.64, Simazine 0.12, Tebuthiuron 0.14, Terbutryn 0.17

3 Jul 12 - 27 Aug 12: Ametryn 0.12, Atrazine 2.5, DE Atrazine 0.48, DI Atrazine 0.12, Diuron 5.0, Hexazinone 0.28, Simazine 0.1, Tebuthiuron 0.11, Metolachlor 0.3

27 Aug 12 - 2 Nov 12: Ametryn 0.06, Atrazine 0.53, DE Atrazine 0.02, Diuron 5.4, Hexazinone 0.14, Simazine 0.03, Tebuthiuron 0.03, Metolachlor 0.04

2 Nov 12 - 19 Dec 12: Ametryn 0.03, Atrazine 0.51, DE Atrazine 0.07, Diuron 5.5, Hexazinone 0.06, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.03, Tebuthiuron 0.03, Metolachlor 0.04

19 Dec 12 - 13 Jan 13: Ametryn 0.03, Atrazine 0.81, DE Atrazine 0.15, DI Atrazine 0.05,, Diuron 5.1, Hexazinone 0.05, Simazine 0.08,  Tebuthiuron 0.68, Metolachlor 0.04

13 Jan 13 - 9 Feb 13: Ametryn 0.21, Atrazine 13, DE Atrazine 1.4, DT Atrazine 0.23,  Diuron 21,  Hexazinone 0.46, Prometryn 0.01,  Simazine 0.11, Tebuthiuron 0.16, Metolachlor 0.19

9 Feb 13 - 4 Mar 13: Ametryn 0.11, Atrazine 11, DE Atrazine 1.4, DT Atrazine 0.42, , Diuron 8.6,  Hexazinone 0.38, Simazine 0.1, Tebuthiuron 0.27, Metolachlor 0.16

4 Mar 13 - 2 Apr 13: Ametryn 0.04, Atrazine 2.1, DE Atrazine 0.3, DI Atrazine 0.08, Diuron 5.3, Hexazinone 0.45, Simazine 0.05, Tebuthiuron 0.14, Metolachlor 0.03

2 Apr 13 - 21 May 13: Ametryn 0.15, Atrazine 4.2, DE Atrazine 0.56, DI Atrazine 0.12, Diuron 9.9, Hexazinone 2.1, Simazine 0.08, Tebuthiuron 2.5, Metolachlor 0.26 (6 PDMS)

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p69 Table 30 Magnetic Island, Burdekin region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

5 May 12 – 3 Jul 12: Ametryn 0.06, Atrazine 1.9, DE Atrazine 0.29,, Diuron 9.2, Hexazinone 0.64, Simazine 0.12, Tebuthiuron 0.14, Terbutryn 0.17

3 Jul 12 – 27 Aug 12: Ametryn 0.12, Atrazine 2.5, DE Atrazine 0.48, DI Atrazine 0.12, Diuron 5.0, Hexazinone 0.28, Simazine 0.1, Tebuthiuron 0.11, Metolachlor 0.3

27 Aug 12 – 2 Nov 12: Ametryn 0.06, Atrazine 0.53, DE Atrazine 0.02, Diuron 5.4, Hexazinone 0.14, Simazine 0.03, Tebuthiuron 0.03, Metolachlor 0.04

2 Nov 12 – 19 Dec 12: Ametryn 0.03, Atrazine 0.51, DE Atrazine 0.07, Diuron 5.5, Hexazinone 0.06, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.03, Tebuthiuron 0.03, Metolachlor 0.04

19 Dec 12 – 13 Jan 13: Ametryn 0.03, Atrazine 0.81, DE Atrazine 0.15, DI Atrazine 0.05,, Diuron 5.1, Hexazinone 0.05, Simazine 0.08,  Tebuthiuron 0.68, Metolachlor 0.04

13 Jan 13 – 9 Feb 13: Ametryn 0.21, Atrazine 13, DE Atrazine 1.4, DT Atrazine 0.23,  Diuron 21,  Hexazinone 0.46, Prometryn 0.01,  Simazine 0.11, Tebuthiuron 0.16, Metolachlor 0.19

9 Feb 13 – 4 Mar 13: Ametryn 0.11, Atrazine 11, DE Atrazine 1.4, DT Atrazine 0.42, , Diuron 8.6,  Hexazinone 0.38, Simazine 0.1, Tebuthiuron 0.27, Metolachlor 0.16

4 Mar 13 – 2 Apr 13: Ametryn 0.04, Atrazine 2.1, DE Atrazine 0.3, DI Atrazine 0.08, Diuron 5.3, Hexazinone 0.45, Simazine 0.05, Tebuthiuron 0.14, Metolachlor 0.03

2 Apr 13 – 21 May 13: Ametryn 0.15, Atrazine 4.2, DE Atrazine 0.56, DI Atrazine 0.12, Diuron 9.9, Hexazinone 2.1, Simazine 0.08, Tebuthiuron 2.5, Metolachlor 0.26 (6 PDMS)

2012 May – 2013 May: Orpheus Island (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p68 Table 29 Orpheus Island, Burdekin region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

4 May 12 - 7 Jul 12: Ametryn 0.05, Atrazine 0.68, DE Atrazine 0.03,, Diuron 2.0, Hexazinone 0.53, Simazine 0.01, Tebuthiuron 0.07

7 Jul 12 - 29 Aug 12: Ametryn 0.03, Atrazine 0.33, DE Atrazine 0.04, Diuron 0.81, Hexazinone 0.15, Simazine 0.02, Tebuthiuron 0.04, Metolachlor 0.07

29 Aug 12 - 4 Nov 12: Ametryn 0.04, Atrazine 0.47, DE Atrazine 0.08, Diuron 0.54, Hexazinone 0.11, Simazine 0.04, Tebuthiuron 0.04, Metolachlor 0.07

4 Nov 12 - 1 Dec 12: Ametryn 0.02, Atrazine 0.17, Diuron 1.0, Simazine 0.04, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.03

1 Dec 12 - 5 Feb 13: Ametryn 0.05, Atrazine 1.7, DE Atrazine 0.13, Diuron 5.1, Hexazinone 0.89, Simazine 0.13,  Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.09, Imidacloprid 0.18

5 Feb 13 - 2 Mar 13: Ametryn 0.12, Atrazine 5.6, DE Atrazine 0.56, Diuron 11,  Hexazinone 1.9, Simazine 0.13, Tebuthiuron 0.1, Metolachlor 0.15

2 Mar 13 - 6 Apr 13: Ametryn 0.09, Atrazine 2.4, DE Atrazine 0.2, Diuron 5.1,  Hexazinone 1, Simazine 0.02, Tebuthiuron 0.12, Metolachlor 0.06

15 Mar 13 - 8 Apr 13: Ametryn 0.22, Atrazine 0.89, Diuron 11, Hexazinone 2.9, Tebuthiuron 3.7, Metolachlor 0.36

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p68 Table 29 Orpheus Island, Burdekin region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

4 May 12 – 7 Jul 12: Ametryn 0.05, Atrazine 0.68, DE Atrazine 0.03,, Diuron 2.0, Hexazinone 0.53, Simazine 0.01, Tebuthiuron 0.07

7 Jul 12 – 29 Aug 12: Ametryn 0.03, Atrazine 0.33, DE Atrazine 0.04, Diuron 0.81, Hexazinone 0.15, Simazine 0.02, Tebuthiuron 0.04, Metolachlor 0.07

29 Aug 12 – 4 Nov 12: Ametryn 0.04, Atrazine 0.47, DE Atrazine 0.08, Diuron 0.54, Hexazinone 0.11, Simazine 0.04, Tebuthiuron 0.04, Metolachlor 0.07

4 Nov 12 – 1 Dec 12: Ametryn 0.02, Atrazine 0.17, Diuron 1.0, Simazine 0.04, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.03

1 Dec 12 – 5 Feb 13: Ametryn 0.05, Atrazine 1.7, DE Atrazine 0.13, Diuron 5.1, Hexazinone 0.89, Simazine 0.13,  Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.09, Imidacloprid 0.18

5 Feb 13 – 2 Mar 13: Ametryn 0.12, Atrazine 5.6, DE Atrazine 0.56, Diuron 11,  Hexazinone 1.9, Simazine 0.13, Tebuthiuron 0.1, Metolachlor 0.15

2 Mar 13 – 6 Apr 13: Ametryn 0.09, Atrazine 2.4, DE Atrazine 0.2, Diuron 5.1,  Hexazinone 1, Simazine 0.02, Tebuthiuron 0.12, Metolachlor 0.06

15 Mar 13 – 8 Apr 13: Ametryn 0.22, Atrazine 0.89, Diuron 11, Hexazinone 2.9, Tebuthiuron 3.7, Metolachlor 0.36

2013 February – 2013 April: Crees Creek (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p67 Table 28 Crees Creek, Wet Tropics region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

27 Feb 13 - 2 Apr 13: Ametryn 0.02, Atrazine 0.08, DE Atrazine 0.09, DI Atrazine 1.9, Diuron 43, Hexazinone 17, Simazine 2.8, Bromacil 0.89, Terbutryn 0.61, Metolachlor 0.09, Imidacloprid 18

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p67 Table 28 Crees Creek, Wet Tropics region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

27 Feb 13 – 2 Apr 13: Ametryn 0.02, Atrazine 0.08, DE Atrazine 0.09, DI Atrazine 1.9, Diuron 43, Hexazinone 17, Simazine 2.8, Bromacil 0.89, Terbutryn 0.61, Metolachlor 0.09, Imidacloprid 18

2012 December – 2013 April: Dickson Inlet (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p67 Table 28 Dickson Inlet, Wet Tropics region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

21 Dec 12 - 11 Jan 13: Ametryn 0.03, Atrazine 0.13, Diuron 21, Hexazinone 0.12, Simazine 0.12, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.02, Galaxolide (PDMS 0.13)

27 Feb 13 - 2 Apr 13: Ametryn 0.43, Atrazine 5.5, DE Atrazine 0.54, DI Atrazine 0.1,, Diuron 9.5, Hexazinone 1.5, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.41, Tebuthiuron 0.06, Metolachlor 0.12, Imidacloprid 0.17, Pendimethalin (PDMS 0.01)

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p67 Table 28 Dickson Inlet, Wet Tropics region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

21 Dec 12 – 11 Jan 13: Ametryn 0.03, Atrazine 0.13, Diuron 21, Hexazinone 0.12, Simazine 0.12, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.02, Galaxolide (PDMS 0.13)

27 Feb 13 – 2 Apr 13: Ametryn 0.43, Atrazine 5.5, DE Atrazine 0.54, DI Atrazine 0.1,, Diuron 9.5, Hexazinone 1.5, Prometryn 0.01, Simazine 0.41, Tebuthiuron 0.06, Metolachlor 0.12, Imidacloprid 0.17, Pendimethalin (PDMS 0.01)

 

2012 April – 2013 May: Dunk Island (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p66 Table 27 Dunk Island, Wet Tropics region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

23 Apr 12 - 29 May 12: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.26, DE Atrazine 0.04,, Diuron 3.2, Hexazinone 0.33, Tebuthiuron 0.24, Metolachlor 0.02, Imidacloprid 0.01

29 May 12 - 12 Jul 12: Ametryn 0.06, Atrazine 0.22,, Diuron 3.0, Hexazinone 0.78, Prometryn 0.01, Tebuthiuron 0.07, Terbutryn 0.1

12 Jul 12 - 29 Aug 12: Ametryn 0.07, Atrazine 0.11, Diuron 2.82, Hexazinone 0.57,Simazine 0.03, Tebuthiuron 0.09, Metolachlor 0.19

29 Aug 12 - 4 Nov 12: Ametryn 0.27, Atrazine 0.4, DE Atrazine 0.08, Diuron 0.58, Hexazinone 0.14, Prometryn 0.01, Tebuthiuron 0.02, Metolachlor 0.05

4 Nov 12 - 15 Dec 12: Ametryn 0.02, Atrazine 0.11, Diuron 0.41,  Hexazinone 0.08, Simazine 0.01, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.02

15 Dec 12 - 9 Jan 13 (PDMS): Galoxolide 0.04

9 Jan 13 - 4 Feb 13: Ametryn 0.11, Atrazine 0.29, Diuron 11,  Hexazinone 2, Simazine 0.02, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.29, Imidacloprid 1.4

4 Feb 13 - 15 Mar 13: Ametryn 0.19, Atrazine 3.4, DE Atrazine 0.07, Diuron 15,  Hexazinone 3.8, Simazine 0.06, Tebuthiuron 0.11, Metolachlor 0.28, Imidacloprid 0.26

15 Mar 13 - 8 Apr 13: Ametryn 0.09, Atrazine 1.1, DE Atrazine 0.03, Diuron 5.2,  Hexazinone 1.1, Tebuthiuron 0.14, Metolachlor 0.07, Imidacloprid 0.49

8 Apr 13 - 14 May 13: Ametryn 0.14, Atrazine 0.73, Diuron 6.7,  Hexazinone 2.1, Tebuthiuron 1.9, Metolachlor 0.22, Imidacloprid 0.21 (Metolachlor 6.8 PDMS)

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p66 Table 27 Dunk Island, Wet Tropics region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

23 Apr 12 – 29 May 12: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.26, DE Atrazine 0.04,, Diuron 3.2, Hexazinone 0.33, Tebuthiuron 0.24, Metolachlor 0.02, Imidacloprid 0.01

29 May 12 – 12 Jul 12: Ametryn 0.06, Atrazine 0.22,, Diuron 3.0, Hexazinone 0.78, Prometryn 0.01, Tebuthiuron 0.07, Terbutryn 0.1

12 Jul 12 – 29 Aug 12: Ametryn 0.07, Atrazine 0.11, Diuron 2.82, Hexazinone 0.57,Simazine 0.03, Tebuthiuron 0.09, Metolachlor 0.19

29 Aug 12 – 4 Nov 12: Ametryn 0.27, Atrazine 0.4, DE Atrazine 0.08, Diuron 0.58, Hexazinone 0.14, Prometryn 0.01, Tebuthiuron 0.02, Metolachlor 0.05

4 Nov 12 – 15 Dec 12: Ametryn 0.02, Atrazine 0.11, Diuron 0.41,  Hexazinone 0.08, Simazine 0.01, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.02

15 Dec 12 – 9 Jan 13 (PDMS): Galoxolide 0.04

9 Jan 13 – 4 Feb 13: Ametryn 0.11, Atrazine 0.29, Diuron 11,  Hexazinone 2, Simazine 0.02, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.29, Imidacloprid 1.4

4 Feb 13 – 15 Mar 13: Ametryn 0.19, Atrazine 3.4, DE Atrazine 0.07, Diuron 15,  Hexazinone 3.8, Simazine 0.06, Tebuthiuron 0.11, Metolachlor 0.28, Imidacloprid 0.26

15 Mar 13 – 8 Apr 13: Ametryn 0.09, Atrazine 1.1, DE Atrazine 0.03, Diuron 5.2,  Hexazinone 1.1, Tebuthiuron 0.14, Metolachlor 0.07, Imidacloprid 0.49

8 Apr 13 – 14 May 13: Ametryn 0.14, Atrazine 0.73, Diuron 6.7,  Hexazinone 2.1, Tebuthiuron 1.9, Metolachlor 0.22, Imidacloprid 0.21 (Metolachlor 6.8 PDMS)

 

2012 May – 2013 May: Normanby Island (Qld). Pesticides detected: Multiple

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p65 Table 26 Normanby Island, Wet Tropics region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

5 May 12 - 21 Jul 13: Ametryn 0.1, Atrazine 1.1, DE Atrazine 0.03,, Diuron 2.9, Hexazinone 0.71, Tebuthiuron 0.15, Terbutryn 0.18

June 12 (PDMS): Galaxolide 0.18

21 July 13 - 31 Aug 13: Ametryn 0.05, Atrazine 0.34,, DE Atrazine 0.07,  Diuron 0.93, Hexazinone 0.1, Simazine 0.06, Tebuthiuron 0.02

Aug 12 (PDMS): Galaxolide 0.04

31 Aug 13 - 2 Nov 13: Ametryn 0.37, Atrazine 0.25, Diuron 1.0, Hexazinone 0.11, Prometryn 0.05,  Simazine 0.03, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.07

Oct 12 (PDMS): Galaxolide 0.04

2 Nov 12 - 22 Dec 12: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.1, DE Atrazine 0.02, Diuron 0.4, Hexazinone 0.04, Simazine 0.04, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.01, Imidacloprid 0.05

22 Dec 12 - 18 Jan 13: Ametryn 0.42, Atrazine 1.2, DE Atrazine 0.06, Diuron 1.2,  Hexazinone 0.22, Prometryn 0.1,  Simazine 0.07, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.11, Imidacloprid 0.14

8 Feb 13 - 2 Mar 13: Ametryn 0.04, Atrazine 1.4, DE Atrazine 0.14, Diuron 5.1,  Hexazinone 1.1, Simazine 0.09, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.06

2 Mar 13 - 26 Apr 13: Ametryn 0.07, Atrazine 2.2, DE Atrazine 0.2, Diuron 4.5,  Hexazinone 1.1, Simazine 0.04, Tebuthiuron 0.35, Metolachlor 0.07

26 Apr 13 - 3 May 13: Ametryn 0.11, Atrazine 3.4, DE Atrazine 0.48, Diuron 11.0,  Hexazinone 2.5, Simazine 0.11, Tebuthiuron 1.9, Metolachlor 0.16

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p65 Table 26 Normanby Island, Wet Tropics region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

5 May 12 – 21 Jul 13: Ametryn 0.1, Atrazine 1.1, DE Atrazine 0.03,, Diuron 2.9, Hexazinone 0.71, Tebuthiuron 0.15, Terbutryn 0.18

June 12 (PDMS): Galaxolide 0.18

21 July 13 – 31 Aug 13: Ametryn 0.05, Atrazine 0.34,, DE Atrazine 0.07,  Diuron 0.93, Hexazinone 0.1, Simazine 0.06, Tebuthiuron 0.02

Aug 12 (PDMS): Galaxolide 0.04

31 Aug 13 – 2 Nov 13: Ametryn 0.37, Atrazine 0.25, Diuron 1.0, Hexazinone 0.11, Prometryn 0.05,  Simazine 0.03, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.07

Oct 12 (PDMS): Galaxolide 0.04

2 Nov 12 – 22 Dec 12: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.1, DE Atrazine 0.02, Diuron 0.4, Hexazinone 0.04, Simazine 0.04, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.01, Imidacloprid 0.05

22 Dec 12 – 18 Jan 13: Ametryn 0.42, Atrazine 1.2, DE Atrazine 0.06, Diuron 1.2,  Hexazinone 0.22, Prometryn 0.1,  Simazine 0.07, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.11, Imidacloprid 0.14

8 Feb 13 – 2 Mar 13: Ametryn 0.04, Atrazine 1.4, DE Atrazine 0.14, Diuron 5.1,  Hexazinone 1.1, Simazine 0.09, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.06

2 Mar 13 – 26 Apr 13: Ametryn 0.07, Atrazine 2.2, DE Atrazine 0.2, Diuron 4.5,  Hexazinone 1.1, Simazine 0.04, Tebuthiuron 0.35, Metolachlor 0.07

26 Apr 13 – 3 May 13: Ametryn 0.11, Atrazine 3.4, DE Atrazine 0.48, Diuron 11.0,  Hexazinone 2.5, Simazine 0.11, Tebuthiuron 1.9, Metolachlor 0.16

2012 September – 2013 April: Fitzroy Island (Qld). Pesticides: Multiple

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p64 Table 25 Fitzroy Island, Wet Tropics region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

5 Sep 12 - 4 Nov 12: Ametryn 0.02, Atrazine 0.19, Diuron 1.4, Hexazinone 0.12, Tebuthiuron 0.02, Metalochlor 0.02

4 Dec 12 - 14 Mar 13: Ametryn 0.06, Atrazine 1.8,, DE Atrazine 0.2,  Diuron 9.0, Hexazinone 1.0, Simazine 0.18, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metalochlor 0.08, Imidacloprid 0.08

14 Mar 13 - 3 May 13: Ametryn 0.3, Atrazine 6.5, DE Atrazine 0.74,  Diuron 19, Hexazinone 3.7,  Simazine 0.15, Tebuthiuron 1.5, Metolachlor 0.25,

April 13 (PDMS): Galaxolide 0.09

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p64 Table 25 Fitzroy Island, Wet Tropics region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

5 Sep 12 – 4 Nov 12: Ametryn 0.02, Atrazine 0.19, Diuron 1.4, Hexazinone 0.12, Tebuthiuron 0.02, Metalochlor 0.02

4 Dec 12 – 14 Mar 13: Ametryn 0.06, Atrazine 1.8,, DE Atrazine 0.2,  Diuron 9.0, Hexazinone 1.0, Simazine 0.18, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metalochlor 0.08, Imidacloprid 0.08

14 Mar 13 – 3 May 13: Ametryn 0.3, Atrazine 6.5, DE Atrazine 0.74,  Diuron 19, Hexazinone 3.7,  Simazine 0.15, Tebuthiuron 1.5, Metolachlor 0.25,

April 13 (PDMS): Galaxolide 0.09

 

2012 May – 2013 May: Green Island (Qld). Pesticide detections: Multiple

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p63 Table 24 Green Island, Wet Tropics region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

5 May 12 - 2 Jul 12: Ametryn 0.02, Atrazine 0.54, DE Atrazine 0.08,  Diuron 1.3, Hexazinone 0.34, Simazine 0.08,  Tebuthiuron 0.06, Terbutryn 0.05

2 Jul 12 - 29 Aug 12: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.06, Diuron 2.3, Hexazinone 0.09,  Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.01

29 Aug 12 - 8 Dec 12: Ametryn 0.02, Diuron 0.38, Hexazinone 0.01,  Tebuthiuron 0.01

8 Dec 12 - 15 Jan 13: Ametryn 0.02, Atrazine 0.11, Diuron 0.59, Prometryn 0.01,  Simazine 0.05, Galoxolide 0.06

15 Jan 13 - 4 Feb 13: Ametryn 0.04, Atrazine 0.43, DE Atrazine 0.04, Diuron 3.0, Hexazinone 0.42,  Simazine 0.09, Tebuthiuron 0.02, Metolachlor 0.05

4 Feb 13 - 3 Mar 13: Ametryn 0.03, Atrazine 0.32, DE Atrazine 0.03, Diuron 2,2, Hexazinone 0.31,  Simazine 0.07, Tebuthiuron 0.02, Metolachlor 0.04

3 Mar 13 - 2 Apr 13: Ametryn 0.06, Atrazine 3.9, DE Atrazine 0.41, DI Atrazine 0.15,  Diuron 5.4, Hexazinone 1.2,  Simazine 0.1, Tebuthiuron 0.09

2 Apr 13 - 12 May 13: Ametryn 0.11, Atrazine 1.5, DE Atrazine 0.12,  Diuron 5.3, Hexazinone 1.3,  Simazine 0.04, Tebuthiuron 1.4, Metolachlor 0.13, Imidacloprid 0.17

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p63 Table 24 Green Island, Wet Tropics region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

5 May 12 – 2 Jul 12: Ametryn 0.02, Atrazine 0.54, DE Atrazine 0.08,  Diuron 1.3, Hexazinone 0.34, Simazine 0.08,  Tebuthiuron 0.06, Terbutryn 0.05

2 Jul 12 – 29 Aug 12: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.06, Diuron 2.3, Hexazinone 0.09,  Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.01

29 Aug 12 – 8 Dec 12: Ametryn 0.02, Diuron 0.38, Hexazinone 0.01,  Tebuthiuron 0.01

8 Dec 12 – 15 Jan 13: Ametryn 0.02, Atrazine 0.11, Diuron 0.59, Prometryn 0.01,  Simazine 0.05, Galoxolide 0.06

15 Jan 13 – 4 Feb 13: Ametryn 0.04, Atrazine 0.43, DE Atrazine 0.04, Diuron 3.0, Hexazinone 0.42,  Simazine 0.09, Tebuthiuron 0.02, Metolachlor 0.05

4 Feb 13 – 3 Mar 13: Ametryn 0.03, Atrazine 0.32, DE Atrazine 0.03, Diuron 2,2, Hexazinone 0.31,  Simazine 0.07, Tebuthiuron 0.02, Metolachlor 0.04

3 Mar 13 – 2 Apr 13: Ametryn 0.06, Atrazine 3.9, DE Atrazine 0.41, DI Atrazine 0.15,  Diuron 5.4, Hexazinone 1.2,  Simazine 0.1, Tebuthiuron 0.09

2 Apr 13 – 12 May 13: Ametryn 0.11, Atrazine 1.5, DE Atrazine 0.12,  Diuron 5.3, Hexazinone 1.3,  Simazine 0.04, Tebuthiuron 1.4, Metolachlor 0.13, Imidacloprid 0.17

2012 August – 2013 February: Low Isles Queensland. Pesticide: Ametryn, Atrazine, Diuron, Hexazinone, Simazine, Tebuthiuron, Metolachlor

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 - 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p62 Table 23 Low Isles, Wet Tropics region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

24 Aug 12 - 11 Nov 12: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.04, Diuron 0.41, Hexazinone 0.04, Tebuthiuron 0.01

10 Dec 12 - 11 Jan 13: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.1, Diuron 0.7, Hexazinone 0.05, Simazine 0.02, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.01

11 Jan 13 - 15 Feb 13: Ametryn 0.03, Atrazine 0.12, Diuron 2.2, Hexazinone 0.46, Simazine 0.02, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.03

Pesticide monitoring in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef using both time-integrated and event monitoring techniques (2012 – 2013) September 2013
Prepared for – The Program Manager, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Entox The University of Queensland National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology

Appendix D p62 Table 23 Low Isles, Wet Tropics region – Concentration in water (ng.L-1)

24 Aug 12 – 11 Nov 12: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.04, Diuron 0.41, Hexazinone 0.04, Tebuthiuron 0.01

10 Dec 12 – 11 Jan 13: Ametryn 0.01, Atrazine 0.1, Diuron 0.7, Hexazinone 0.05, Simazine 0.02, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.01

11 Jan 13 – 15 Feb 13: Ametryn 0.03, Atrazine 0.12, Diuron 2.2, Hexazinone 0.46, Simazine 0.02, Tebuthiuron 0.01, Metolachlor 0.03

 

1974 June: Korumburra (Vic). Milk Residues. Pesticide: DDE

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Korumburra Milk Detections

1974 June: DDE 0.01ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Korumburra Milk Detections

1974 June: DDE 0.01ppm

1974 June: Dumbalk (Vic). Milk residue. Pesticide: Lindane

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Dumbalk  Milk Detections

1974 June: Lindane 0.01ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Dumbalk  Milk Detections

1974 June: Lindane 0.01ppm

1974: Glen Iris (Vic). Milk residues. Pesticides: Lindane, DDE

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Glen Iris  Milk Detections

1974: Lindane 0.01ppm, DDE 0.06ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Glen Iris  Milk Detections

1974: Lindane 0.01ppm, DDE 0.06ppm

1974 Werribee South (Vic). Milk residues. Dieldrin exceeding Health Guidelines

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Werribee South Milk Detections

13/9/74:

HCB: Between 0.01-0.08ppm

Lindane: Between 0.01-0.03ppm

DDE: Between 0.03-0,5ppm

DDT: Between 0.05-0.65ppm

Dieldrin: Between 0.01-0.41ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Werribee South Milk Detections

13/9/74:

HCB: Between 0.01-0.08ppm

Lindane: Between 0.01-0.03ppm

DDE: Between 0.03-0,5ppm

DDT: Between 0.05-0.65ppm

Dieldrin: Between 0.01-0.41ppm

1974 August – 1975 June: Wallace (Vic) Milk Residues. Pesticides: DDE, TDE, DDT, HCB, Lindane

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Wallace Milk Detections

9/6/75: DDE 0.08ppm

24/4/75: DDE 0.06ppm, TDE 0.08ppm, DDT 0.1ppm

25/2/75: DDE 0.06ppm

7/10/74: HCB 0.01ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.05ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.04ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Wallace Milk Detections

9/6/75: DDE 0.08ppm

24/4/75: DDE 0.06ppm, TDE 0.08ppm, DDT 0.1ppm

25/2/75: DDE 0.06ppm

7/10/74: HCB 0.01ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.05ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.04ppm

1974 August – 1975 June: Stanhope (Vic). Milk residues: Pesticides: DDE, HCB, Lindane, TDE, Dieldrin

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Stanhope Milk Detections

9/6/75: DDE 0.05ppm

7/4/75: DDE 0.03ppm

7/10/74: HCB 0.006ppm, Lindane 0.004ppm, DDE 0.04ppm, TDE 0.03ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.05ppm, Dieldrin 0.02ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Stanhope Milk Detections

9/6/75: DDE 0.05ppm

7/4/75: DDE 0.03ppm

7/10/74: HCB 0.006ppm, Lindane 0.004ppm, DDE 0.04ppm, TDE 0.03ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.05ppm, Dieldrin 0.02ppm

1974 August – 1975 July: PDC Werribee (Vic). Milk Residues. Pesticides. Excessive Dieldrin levels

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

PDC Werribee Milk Detections

1/7/75: HCB 0.3ppm, Lindane 0.1ppm, DDE 0.3ppm, Dieldrin 0.1ppm

14/4/75: DDE 0.2ppm, Dieldrin 0.006ppm

25/2/75: HCB 0.02ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.27ppm, Dieldrin 0.08ppm

2/12/74: HCB 0.025ppm, DDE 0.17ppm, Dieldrin 0.09ppm

7/10/74: HCB 0.05ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.4ppm, Dieldrin 0.18

5/8/74: HCB 0.05ppm, DDE 0.4ppm, Dieldrin 0.07ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

PDC Werribee Milk Detections

1/7/75: HCB 0.3ppm, Lindane 0.1ppm, DDE 0.3ppm, Dieldrin 0.1ppm

14/4/75: DDE 0.2ppm, Dieldrin 0.006ppm

25/2/75: HCB 0.02ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.27ppm, Dieldrin 0.08ppm

2/12/74: HCB 0.025ppm, DDE 0.17ppm, Dieldrin 0.09ppm

7/10/74: HCB 0.05ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.4ppm, Dieldrin 0.18

5/8/74: HCB 0.05ppm, DDE 0.4ppm, Dieldrin 0.07ppm

1974 August – 1975 July: Traralgon (Vic). Milk Residues. Pesticides: Lindane, DDE, HCB

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Traralgon Milk Detections

1/7/75: Lindane 0.01ppm, DDE 0.02ppm

7/10/74: HCB 0.005ppm, Lindane 0.004ppm, DDE 0.05ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.03ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Traralgon Milk Detections

1/7/75: Lindane 0.01ppm, DDE 0.02ppm

7/10/74: HCB 0.005ppm, Lindane 0.004ppm, DDE 0.05ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.03ppm

1974 June – 1975 September + 2014 April: Camperdown (Vic) Milk Residues. Pesticides: HCB, DDE, Lindane, Triclopyr (water)

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Camperdown Milk Detections

2/9/75: HCB 0.005ppm, DDE 0.02ppm

7/7/75: Lindane 0.1ppm, DDE 0.3ppm

12/5/75: Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.03ppm

3/3/75: DDE 0.02ppm

2/9/74: DDE 0.01ppm

?/6/74: HCB 0.008ppm, Lindane 0.4ppm

7/4/14: Camperdown Water Supply - Triclopyr 0.04ug/L

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Camperdown Milk Detections

2/9/75: HCB 0.005ppm, DDE 0.02ppm

7/7/75: Lindane 0.1ppm, DDE 0.3ppm

12/5/75: Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.03ppm

3/3/75: DDE 0.02ppm

2/9/74: DDE 0.01ppm

?/6/74: HCB 0.008ppm, Lindane 0.4ppm

7/4/14: Camperdown Water Supply – Triclopyr 0.04ug/L

1974 June – 1975 September: Colac (Vic) Milk detections. Pesticides: HCB, DDE, Lindane

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Colac Milk Detections

2/9/75: HCB 0.005ppm, DDE 0.03ppm

9/7/75: Lindane 0.01ppm, DDE 0.06ppm

12/5/75: DDE 0.02ppm, Lindane 0.01ppm

3/3/75: DDE 0.03ppm

8/1/75: HCB 0.005ppm, Lindane 0.009ppm

2/9/74: DDE 0.02ppm

?/6/74: HCB 0.01ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.02ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Colac Milk Detections

2/9/75: HCB 0.005ppm, DDE 0.03ppm

9/7/75: Lindane 0.01ppm, DDE 0.06ppm

12/5/75: DDE 0.02ppm, Lindane 0.01ppm

3/3/75: DDE 0.03ppm

8/1/75: HCB 0.005ppm, Lindane 0.009ppm

2/9/74: DDE 0.02ppm

?/6/74: HCB 0.01ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.02ppm

1975 September – 1974 June: Warrnambool (Vic) Milk residues. Pesticides: Lindane over guideline limits

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Warrnambool Milk Detections

2/9/75: DDE 0.01ppm

15/7/75: DDE 0.01ppm

18/3/75: DDE 0.02ppm

14/1/75: Lindane 0.03ppm

3/9/74: HCB 0.02ppm, DDE 0.02ppm

?/6/74: Lindane 0.26ppm, DDE 0.02ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Warrnambool Milk Detections

2/9/75: DDE 0.01ppm

15/7/75: DDE 0.01ppm

18/3/75: DDE 0.02ppm

14/1/75: Lindane 0.03ppm

3/9/74: HCB 0.02ppm, DDE 0.02ppm

?/6/74: Lindane 0.26ppm, DDE 0.02ppm

1974 August – 1975 December: Shepparton (Vic) Milk residues. Pesticides: DDE, Lindane, DDT, Dieldrin, HCB,

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Shepparton Milk Detections

2/12/75: DDE 0.02ppm

21/10/75: Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.05ppm

10/6/75: DDE 0.04ppm, DDT 0.1ppm, Dieldrin 0.03ppm

8/4/75: DDE 0.05ppm

2/10/74: HCB 0.008ppm, Lindane 0.01ppm, DDE 0.05ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.09ppm, Dieldrin 0.04ppm

?/6/74: HCB 0.005ppm, Lindane 0.05ppm, DDE 0.09ppm, DDT 0.08ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Shepparton Milk Detections

2/12/75: DDE 0.02ppm

21/10/75: Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.05ppm

10/6/75: DDE 0.04ppm, DDT 0.1ppm, Dieldrin 0.03ppm

8/4/75: DDE 0.05ppm

2/10/74: HCB 0.008ppm, Lindane 0.01ppm, DDE 0.05ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.09ppm, Dieldrin 0.04ppm

?/6/74: HCB 0.005ppm, Lindane 0.05ppm, DDE 0.09ppm, DDT 0.08ppm

1974 August – 1975 December: Moe (Vic) Milk detections. Pesticides: Lindane, DDE, TDE, DDT, HCB

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Moe Milk Detections

1/12/75: Lindane 0.01ppm, DDT 0.02ppm, DDT 0.03ppm

7/4/75: DDE 0.04ppm

24/2/75: Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.03ppm, TDE 0.11ppm, DDT 0.07ppm

?/10/74: Lindane 0.02ppm, HCB 0.009ppm, DDE 0.03ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.05ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Moe Milk Detections

1/12/75: Lindane 0.01ppm, DDT 0.02ppm, DDT 0.03ppm

7/4/75: DDE 0.04ppm

24/2/75: Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.03ppm, TDE 0.11ppm, DDT 0.07ppm

?/10/74: Lindane 0.02ppm, HCB 0.009ppm, DDE 0.03ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.05ppm

1974 August – 1975 November: Leongatha (Vic) Milk residues. Pesticides: DDE, Dieldrin, TDE, DDT, HCB, Lindane, BHC, Carbophenothion

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Leongatha Milk Detections

28/11/75: DDE 0.02ppm

3/9/75: DDE 0.01ppm, Dieldrin 0.03ppm

16/7/75: DDE 0.03ppm

14/5/75: DDE 0.03ppm

13/5/75: DDE 0.06ppm, TDE 0.05ppm, DDT 0.06ppm

12/3/75: DDE 0.04ppm, TDE 0.07ppm

8/1/75: HCB 0.01ppm

?/12/74: HCB 0.007ppm, Lindane 0.009ppm, DDE 0.02ppm, BHC 0.037ppm, Carbophenothion 0.47ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.05ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Leongatha Milk Detections

28/11/75: DDE 0.02ppm

3/9/75: DDE 0.01ppm, Dieldrin 0.03ppm

16/7/75: DDE 0.03ppm

14/5/75: DDE 0.03ppm

13/5/75: DDE 0.06ppm, TDE 0.05ppm, DDT 0.06ppm

12/3/75: DDE 0.04ppm, TDE 0.07ppm

8/1/75: HCB 0.01ppm

?/12/74: HCB 0.007ppm, Lindane 0.009ppm, DDE 0.02ppm, BHC 0.037ppm, Carbophenothion 0.47ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.05ppm

1974 June – 1976 January: Strathmerton (Vic) Milk residues. Pesticides: DDE, HCB, Lindane,

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Strathmerton Milk Detections

8/1/76: DDE 0.03ppm

2/9/75: HCB 0.005ppm, Lindane 0.008ppm, DDE 0.05ppm

7/7/75: DDE 0.04ppm,

12/5/75: DDE 0.03ppm

9/3/75: DDE 0.02ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm

8/1/75: Lindane 0.07ppm

?/12/74: DDE 0.024ppm

3/9/74: DDE 0.05ppm

?/6/74: DDE 0.06ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Strathmerton Milk Detections

8/1/76: DDE 0.03ppm

2/9/75: HCB 0.005ppm, Lindane 0.008ppm, DDE 0.05ppm

7/7/75: DDE 0.04ppm,

12/5/75: DDE 0.03ppm

9/3/75: DDE 0.02ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm

8/1/75: Lindane 0.07ppm

?/12/74: DDE 0.024ppm

3/9/74: DDE 0.05ppm

?/6/74: DDE 0.06ppm

1974 June – 1976 January: Dennington (Vic). Milk residues. Pesticides: DDE, TDE, DDT, Dieldrin, HCB, Lindane

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Dennington Milk Detections

6/1/76: DDE 0.2ppm, TDE 0.2ppm, DDT 0.1ppm

11/11/75: DDE 0.2ppm, TDE 0.3ppm, DDT 0.1ppm

2/9/75: DDE 0.1ppm, Dieldrin 0.03ppm

15/7/75: HCB 0.01ppm, DDE 0.27ppm, TDE 0.11ppm

19/5/75: DDE 0.1ppm

18/3/75: DDE 0.14ppm, TDE 0.03ppm

14/1/75: DDE 0.12ppm

?/12/74: DDE 0.091ppm

3/9/74: DDE 0.23ppm

?/?/74: Lindane 0.01ppm, DDE 0.3ppm

?/6/74: DDE 0.2ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Dennington Milk Detections

6/1/76: DDE 0.2ppm, TDE 0.2ppm, DDT 0.1ppm

11/11/75: DDE 0.2ppm, TDE 0.3ppm, DDT 0.1ppm

2/9/75: DDE 0.1ppm, Dieldrin 0.03ppm

15/7/75: HCB 0.01ppm, DDE 0.27ppm, TDE 0.11ppm

19/5/75: DDE 0.1ppm

18/3/75: DDE 0.14ppm, TDE 0.03ppm

14/1/75: DDE 0.12ppm

?/12/74: DDE 0.091ppm

3/9/74: DDE 0.23ppm

?/?/74: Lindane 0.01ppm, DDE 0.3ppm

?/6/74: DDE 0.2ppm

1974 September – 1976 January + 2011 November: Cobden (Vic). Milk Residues: Pesticides: DDE, HCB, Lindane

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Cobden Milk Detections

5/1/76: DDE 0.02ppm

10/11/75: DDE 0.02ppm

2/9/75: HCB 0.005ppm, DDE 0.03ppm

7/7/75: Lindane 0.1ppm, DDE 0.1ppm

12/5/75: DDE 0.06ppm

3/3/75: DDE 0.05ppm

8/1/75: HCB 0.008ppm

?/12/74: DDE 0.015ppm

2/9/74: DDE 0.11ppm

Water Pollution

7/11/11: Wannon Water Cobden Mecoprop 0.01ug/L

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Cobden Milk Detections

5/1/76: DDE 0.02ppm

10/11/75: DDE 0.02ppm

2/9/75: HCB 0.005ppm, DDE 0.03ppm

7/7/75: Lindane 0.1ppm, DDE 0.1ppm

12/5/75: DDE 0.06ppm

3/3/75: DDE 0.05ppm

8/1/75: HCB 0.008ppm

?/12/74: DDE 0.015ppm

2/9/74: DDE 0.11ppm

7/11/11: Wannon Water Cobden Mecoprop 0.01ug/L

1974 June – 1976 January: Cobram (Vic). Milk residues. Pesticides: HCB, Lindane, DDE, TDE, DDT

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Cobram Milk Detections

5/1/76: HCB 0.01ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.1ppm, TDE 0.08ppm, DDT 0.2ppm

10/11/75: DDE 0.03ppm

2/9/75: HCB 0.007ppm, TDE 0.09ppm, DDE 0.08ppm, DDT 0.09ppm

7/7/75: Lindane 0.01ppm, DDE 0.09ppm, TDE 0.3ppm, DDT 0.3ppm

12/5/75: DDE 0.06ppm

4/3/75: DDE 0.05ppm

8/1/75: HCB 0.005ppm, Lindane 0.008ppm, DDE 0.03ppm

?/12/74: HCB 0.004ppm, DDE 0.023ppm

3/9/74: HCB 0.02ppm, DDE 0.1ppm

?/6/74: HCB 0.008ppm, Lindane 0.09ppm, DDE 0.08ppm,

?/?/74: Lindane 0.06ppm, DDE 0.17ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Cobram Milk Detections

5/1/76: HCB 0.01ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.1ppm, TDE 0.08ppm, DDT 0.2ppm

10/11/75: DDE 0.03ppm

2/9/75: HCB 0.007ppm, TDE 0.09ppm, DDE 0.08ppm, DDT 0.09ppm

7/7/75: Lindane 0.01ppm, DDE 0.09ppm, TDE 0.3ppm, DDT 0.3ppm

12/5/75: DDE 0.06ppm

4/3/75: DDE 0.05ppm

8/1/75: HCB 0.005ppm, Lindane 0.008ppm, DDE 0.03ppm

?/12/74: HCB 0.004ppm, DDE 0.023ppm

3/9/74: HCB 0.02ppm, DDE 0.1ppm

?/6/74: HCB 0.008ppm, Lindane 0.09ppm, DDE 0.08ppm,

?/?/74: Lindane 0.06ppm, DDE 0.17ppm

1974 June – 1976 January: Drouin (Vic) Milk Detections. Pesticides: DDE, HCB, Lindane

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Drouin Milk Detections

5/1/76: DDE 0.02ppm

2/9/75: HCB 0.005ppm, DDE 0.04ppm

8/7/75: DDE 0.03ppm, Lindane 0.01ppm

14/5/75: DDE 0.05ppm

3/3/75: DDE 0.05ppm

8/1/75: DDE 0.03ppm

?/12/74: DDE 0.022ppm

2/11/74: DDE 0.02ppm

?/6/74: HCB 0.005ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.02ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Drouin Milk Detections

5/1/76: DDE 0.02ppm

2/9/75: HCB 0.005ppm, DDE 0.04ppm

8/7/75: DDE 0.03ppm, Lindane 0.01ppm

14/5/75: DDE 0.05ppm

3/3/75: DDE 0.05ppm

8/1/75: DDE 0.03ppm

?/12/74: DDE 0.022ppm

2/11/74: DDE 0.02ppm

?/6/74: HCB 0.005ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.02ppm

1974 June – 1976 January: Bacchus Marsh (Vic) Milk residues. Pesticides: DDE, Lindane, HCB, Dieldrin

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Bacchus Marsh Milk Detections

5/1/76: DDE 0.02ppm

4/9/75: DDE 0.03ppm

27/5/75: DDE 0.04ppm

3/3/75: Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.04ppm

?/12/74: HCB 0.006ppm, Lindane 0.015ppm, DDE 0.025ppm

?/6/74: HCB 0.008ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.04ppm, Dieldrin 0.02ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Bacchus Marsh Milk Detections

5/1/76: DDE 0.02ppm

4/9/75: DDE 0.03ppm

27/5/75: DDE 0.04ppm

3/3/75: Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.04ppm

?/12/74: HCB 0.006ppm, Lindane 0.015ppm, DDE 0.025ppm

?/6/74: HCB 0.008ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.04ppm, Dieldrin 0.02ppm

 

1974 June – 1976 January: Kiewa (Vic). Milk detections. Pesticide: DDE

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Kiewa Milk Detections

6/1/76: DDE 0.02ppm

2/9/75: DDE 0.06ppm

19/5/75: DDE 0.06ppm

4/3/75: DDE 0.08ppm

8/1/75: DDE 0.05ppm

?/12/74: DDE 0.028ppm

?/6/74: DDE 0.08ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Kiewa Milk Detections

6/1/76: DDE 0.02ppm

2/9/75: DDE 0.06ppm

19/5/75: DDE 0.06ppm

4/3/75: DDE 0.08ppm

8/1/75: DDE 0.05ppm

?/12/74: DDE 0.028ppm

?/6/74: DDE 0.08ppm

 

1974 August – 1976 February: Merrigum (Vic). Milk detections. Pesticides: DDE, Lindane, Endrin, HCB, Dieldrin

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Merrigum Milk Detections

2/2/76: DDE 0.05ppm

1/12/75: DDE 0.05ppm

9/6/75: DDE 0.1ppm

7/4/75: DDE 0.1ppm

24/2/75: Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.1ppm, Endrin 0.13ppm

2/12/74: DDE 0.1ppm

7/10/74: HCB 0.01ppm, Lindane 0.01ppm, DDE 0.16ppm, Dieldrin 0.03ppm

?/?/74: DDE 0.06ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.18ppm, Dieldrin 0.07ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Merrigum Milk Detections

2/2/76: DDE 0.05ppm

1/12/75: DDE 0.05ppm

9/6/75: DDE 0.1ppm

7/4/75: DDE 0.1ppm

24/2/75: Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.1ppm, Endrin 0.13ppm

2/12/74: DDE 0.1ppm

7/10/74: HCB 0.01ppm, Lindane 0.01ppm, DDE 0.16ppm, Dieldrin 0.03ppm

?/?/74: DDE 0.06ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.18ppm, Dieldrin 0.07ppm

1974 August – 1976 February: Tatura (Vic). Milk detections. Pesticides: DDE, Dieldrin, HCB, Lindane,

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Tatura Milk Detections

2/2/76: DDE 0.04ppm

9/6/75: DDE 0.07ppm, Dieldrin 0.03ppm

7/4/75: DDE 0.1ppm

24/2/75: DDE 0.05ppm

2/12/74: DDE 0.06ppm

?/?/74: DDE 0.05ppm

7/10/74: HCB 0.007ppm, Lindane 0.01ppm, DDE 0.1ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.11ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Tatura Milk Detections

2/2/76: DDE 0.04ppm

9/6/75: DDE 0.07ppm, Dieldrin 0.03ppm

7/4/75: DDE 0.1ppm

24/2/75: DDE 0.05ppm

2/12/74: DDE 0.06ppm

?/?/74: DDE 0.05ppm

7/10/74: HCB 0.007ppm, Lindane 0.01ppm, DDE 0.1ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.11ppm

 

1975 June – 1976 February: Maffra (Vic) Milk detections. Pesticides: DDE, Lindane, Dieldrin

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Maffra Milk Detections

2/2/76: DDE 0.03ppm

1/12/75: DDE 0.03ppm, Lindane 0.01ppm

9/6/75: DDE 0.02ppm, Dieldrin 0.04ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Maffra Milk Detections

2/2/76: DDE 0.03ppm

1/12/75: DDE 0.03ppm, Lindane 0.01ppm

9/6/75: DDE 0.02ppm, Dieldrin 0.04ppm

 

1974 August – 1976 February: Longwarry (Vic) Milk detections. Pesticides: DDE, TDE, HCB, Lindane, Dieldrin

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Longwarry Milk Detections

2/2/76: DDE 0.05ppm, TDE 0.09ppm

9/6/75: DDE 0.05ppm

8/4/75: DDE 0.08ppm, TDE 0.06ppm

13/3/75: DDE 0.04ppm

24/2/75: Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.04ppm

7/1/75: HCB 0.005ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm

?/12/74: HCB 0.004ppm, Lindane 0.007ppm, DDE 0.022ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.06ppm, Dieldrin 0.02ppm

?/?/74: Lindane 0.06ppm, DDE 0.06ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Longwarry Milk Detections

2/2/76: DDE 0.05ppm, TDE 0.09ppm

9/6/75: DDE 0.05ppm

8/4/75: DDE 0.08ppm, TDE 0.06ppm

13/3/75: DDE 0.04ppm

24/2/75: Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.04ppm

7/1/75: HCB 0.005ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm

?/12/74: HCB 0.004ppm, Lindane 0.007ppm, DDE 0.022ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.06ppm, Dieldrin 0.02ppm

?/?/74: Lindane 0.06ppm, DDE 0.06ppm

1976 January: Dandenong Milk Factory. Pesticide: Dieldrin

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Dandenong Milk Detections

30/1/76: Dieldrin 0.03ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Dandenong Milk Detections

30/1/76: Dieldrin 0.03ppm

 

1974 September – 1976 February: Warragul (Vic) Milk detections. Pesticides: DDE, TDE, Dieldrin, HCB, Lindane

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Warragul Milk Detections

2/2/76: DDE 0.04ppm, TDE 0.09ppm

14/1/76: DDE 0.02ppm

2/9/75: DDE 0.02ppm, Dieldrin 0.03ppm

1/7/75: HCB 0.01ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.05ppm

?/6/74: DDE 0.014ppm

12/5/75: DDE 0.04ppm

13/3/75: DDE 0.04ppm, TDE 0.02ppm

3/9/74: DDE 0.02ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Warragul Milk Detections

2/2/76: DDE 0.04ppm, TDE 0.09ppm

14/1/76: DDE 0.02ppm

2/9/75: DDE 0.02ppm, Dieldrin 0.03ppm

1/7/75: HCB 0.01ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.05ppm

?/6/74: DDE 0.014ppm

12/5/75: DDE 0.04ppm

13/3/75: DDE 0.04ppm, TDE 0.02ppm

3/9/74: DDE 0.02ppm

1974 June – 1976 January: Toora (Vic) Milk Residues. Pesticides: DDE, TDE, DDT, Chlordane

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Toora Milk Detections

14/1/76: DDE 0.02ppm

3/9/75: DDE 0.02ppm

13/3/75: DDE 0.05ppm, TDE 0.04ppm

7/1/75: DDE 0.08ppm, TDE 0.14ppm, DDT 0.12ppm

6/74: Chlordane 0.05ppm, DDE 0.01ppm

?/74: HCB 0.006ppm, Lindane 0.011ppm, DDE 0.046ppm, TDE 0.015ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Toora Milk Detections

14/1/76: DDE 0.02ppm

3/9/75: DDE 0.02ppm

13/3/75: DDE 0.05ppm, TDE 0.04ppm

7/1/75: DDE 0.08ppm, TDE 0.14ppm, DDT 0.12ppm

6/74: Chlordane 0.05ppm, DDE 0.01ppm

?/74: HCB 0.006ppm, Lindane 0.011ppm, DDE 0.046ppm, TDE 0.015ppm

1974 September – 1976 January: Darnum (Vic). Milk Residues. Pesticides: DDE, Dieldrin, HCB, Lindane, BHC

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Darnum milk detections

14/1/76: DDE 0.02ppm,

2/9/75: DDE 0.02ppm, Dieldrin 0.02ppm

1/7/75: HCB 0.01ppm, Lindane 0.01ppm, DDE 0.02ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Wallace Milk Detections

9/6/75: DDE 0.08ppm

24/4/75: DDE 0.06ppm, TDE 0.08ppm, DDT 0.1ppm

25/2/75: DDE 0.06ppm

7/10/74: HCB 0.01ppm, Lindane 0.02ppm, DDE 0.05ppm

5/8/74: DDE 0.04ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Darnum milk detections

14/1/76: DDE 0.02ppm,

2/9/75: DDE 0.02ppm, Dieldrin 0.02ppm

1/7/75: HCB 0.01ppm, Lindane 0.01ppm, DDE 0.02ppm

13/3/75: DDE 0.02ppm

8/1/75: Lindane 0.02ppm

?/12/74: DDE 0.034ppm, BHC 0.4ppm

3/9/74: DDE 0.02ppm

1974 August – 1976 January: Poowong (Vic). Milk residues. Pesticides: HCB, DDE, Lindane, Dieldrin

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying - Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels - HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Poowong milk detections

Jan 1976: DDE 0.05ppm

9/6/75: DDE 0.03ppm

7/4/75: DDE 0.02ppm

7/10/74: HCB 0.006ppm, Lindane 0.004ppm.

5/8/74: DDE 0.06ppm, Dieldrin 0.02ppm

Pesticide Residue Division of Dairying – Victoria

Milk Results in ppm (Fat Basis)

Max Residues: 1974/5

Guideline Levels – HCB: 0.5ppm, Dieldrin: 0.15ppm, Total DDT: 1.25ppm (including DDT, DDD, TDE), Lindane 0.2ppm, Aldrin 0.15ppm

Poowong milk detections

Jan 1976: DDE 0.05ppm

9/6/75: DDE 0.03ppm

7/4/75: DDE 0.02ppm

7/10/74: HCB 0.006ppm, Lindane 0.004ppm.

5/8/74: DDE 0.06ppm, Dieldrin 0.02ppm

1953 January: Irrigation Weed Poisoning. Pesticide

Fisheries Office
Swan Hill,
21/1/1953

The Superintendent,
Fisheries Branch,
Sydney

Weed poisoning by Victorian State Rivers and Water Supply Commission.

I have to report that on the 17th January I attended a weed killing experiment carried out by Victorian State Rivers and Water Supply Commission at Lake Boga.

Two irrigation channels were treated, each with a different type of poison, effect of poison on fish life is as follows.

Channel No.1

About 11.30am on the 17th of January, 40 gallons of E.F.805M, was released in a irrigation channel near Lake Boga. E.F.805M. is a Vacuum Oil Co. product, (weed killer).

A mixture of E.F.805M and water was pumped into the Channel through a fine spray, the process took about 1 hour. As the weed killer was taken downstream by the run of water in the channel, water turned a milky colour, about 20 minutes after operations began small carp were observed leaping from water, ten minutes later large numbers of carp from 1/2" to 6" in length began to float to the surface, by this time the water was very milky from place of pumping to about 60 yards downstream.

It was noticed that poison had no effect on fish where water was not milky. When operations ceased (1 Hour) the water was milky for about 130 yards downstream from pump and dead Carp were floating to surface in large numbers throughout this area. I counted 158 dead fish in 40 yards, this would be no accurate count as many fish could not float to the surface owing to the thick weeds in the channel. About 2 hours later larger carp were observed floating on the water and number of dead Yabbies were observed on the bank.

Channel No.2

About 2.30 p.m on the 17th January, 40 gallons of E.F.860M, was released in an irrigation channel near Lake Boga. About 10-15 minutes after operations began water began to turn milky to about 35 yards downstream from point where poison was released.

Small carp and Redfin began leaping from water. Ten minutes later dead fish began to float to the surface, it was noticed that many small Redfin had leaped onto the bank in an attempt to escape poison, as weed killer spreads slowly I am of the opinion that many of the larger fish may have swan downstream ahead of it.

About 45 minutes after operations began all marine life in an area 50 yards downstream from pump appeared to be extinct, large numbers of small Carp, Redfin were floating on the surface, Yabbies had ceased to move among the weeds and no shrimps were apparent. When pumping operations ceased water was discoloured to about 150 yards downstream and poison was still moving further down the channel, about 1 hour later dead Carp and Redfin were observed on the surface doe about 350 yards downstream.

I removed 6 Carp and 6 Redfin which were floating on the surface but still kicking, the fish were placed in a tin of freshwater, the Redfin died but all Carp revived and were kept for 48 hours when they were destroyed by me.

Fisheries Office
Swan Hill,
21/1/1953

The Superintendent,
Fisheries Branch,
Sydney

Weed poisoning by Victorian State Rivers and Water Supply Commission.

I have to report that on the 17th January I attended a weed killing experiment carried out by Victorian State Rivers and Water Supply Commission at Lake Boga.

Two irrigation channels were treated, each with a different type of poison, effect of poison on fish life is as follows.

Channel No.1

About 11.30am on the 17th of January, 40 gallons of E.F.805M, was released in a irrigation channel near Lake Boga. E.F.805M. is a Vacuum Oil Co. product, (weed killer).

A mixture of E.F.805M and water was pumped into the Channel through a fine spray, the process took about 1 hour. As the weed killer was taken downstream by the run of water in the channel, water turned a milky colour, about 20 minutes after operations began small carp were observed leaping from water, ten minutes later large numbers of carp from 1/2″ to 6″ in length began to float to the surface, by this time the water was very milky from place of pumping to about 60 yards downstream.

It was noticed that poison had no effect on fish where water was not milky. When operations ceased (1 Hour) the water was milky for about 130 yards downstream from pump and dead Carp were floating to surface in large numbers throughout this area. I counted 158 dead fish in 40 yards, this would be no accurate count as many fish could not float to the surface owing to the thick weeds in the channel. About 2 hours later larger carp were observed floating on the water and number of dead Yabbies were observed on the bank.
Channel No.2

About 2.30 p.m on the 17th January, 40 gallons of E.F.860M, was released in an irrigation channel near Lake Boga. About 10-15 minutes after operations began water began to turn milky to about 35 yards downstream from point where poison was released.

Small carp and Redfin began leaping from water. Ten minutes later dead fish began to float to the surface, it was noticed that many small Redfin had leaped onto the bank in an attempt to escape poison, as weed killer spreads slowly I am of the opinion that many of the larger fish may have swan downstream ahead of it.

About 45 minutes after operations began all marine life in an area 50 yards downstream from pump appeared to be extinct, large numbers of small Carp, Redfin were floating on the surface, Yabbies had ceased to move among the weeds and no shrimps were apparent. When pumping operations ceased water was discoloured to about 150 yards downstream and poison was still moving further down the channel, about 1 hour later dead Carp and Redfin were observed on the surface doe about 350 yards downstream.

I removed 6 Carp and 6 Redfin which were floating on the surface but still kicking, the fish were placed in a tin of freshwater, the Redfin died but all Carp revived and were kept for 48 hours when they were destroyed by me.

1974 September: Werribee South. Spray drift. Pesticides: Dieldrin, DDT

Werribee Pesticide Survey 26 November 1974

... As a result of a high pesticide reading in PDC depot milk sampled at Metropolitan Dairy Broadmeadows...

I sampled each individual farm of the drift on 12/9/74. Results which have just been made available, showed 7 excessive readings in Dieldrin and one high DDT sample.

... One common factor emerged from my investigations. All seven farms had adjoining market gardens. In several instances farmers remembered sprays being used on vegetables about that time.

Enquiries at Werribee South store showed that a chemical "Dieldrin" contaiing Dieldrin is widely used as an insecticide. I suggest that spray-drift from market gardening spraying is responsible for the high Dieldrin level and most likely the DDT case also.

Werribee Pesticide Survey 26 November 1974

… As a result of a high pesticide reading in PDC depot milk sampled at Metropolitan Dairy Broadmeadows…

I sampled each individual farm of the drift on 12/9/74. Results which have just been made available, showed 7 excessive readings in Dieldrin and one high DDT sample.

… One common factor emerged from my investigations. All seven farms had adjoining market gardens. In several instances farmers remembered sprays being used on vegetables about that time.

Enquiries at Werribee South store showed that a chemical “Dieldrin” contaiing Dieldrin is widely used as an insecticide. I suggest that spray-drift from market gardening spraying is responsible for the high Dieldrin level and most likely the DDT case also.

1976 January: Vervale milk contaminated: Pesticide: Endrin.

30th January 1976 - Chief Division of Dairying

Contamination of Milk with Endrin.

On 28.1.76 advice was received by *** at Warragul that several cows on the ***, *** Vervale, had been affected by spray used on a potato crop on the same farm.

The substances sprayed onto the crop the previous day had been supplied by ***... The products were Shell products Dilhane 45 and a proprietary pesticide mixture containing 30% endrin.

Despite attempts to prevent the collection of milk from this herd, the milk tanker did take the milk. This tanker of milk was subsequently run to waste at the *** Drouin, on the instructions of the General Manager after he received advice of the contamination from this Department.

An order was placed on the farm under Section 75 of the Milk & Dairy Supervision Act prohibiting the removal of milk from the farm, initially for 72 hours, later for an indefinite period.

Samples of the milk and pasture have been taken from the property of *** and of milk from neighbouring farms that also had pasture contaminated by the spray.

Milk arriving in Melbourne from Milk depots collecting milk in the Koo-Wee-Rup and Thorpdale areas is also being sampled for pesticide analysis.

Samples will be taken from the *** farm at 3 day intervals... These samples will be from bulked milk from cows not affected by the spray. Every effort will be made to remove the prohibition of sale order as soon as possible, but it is considered that the pesticide level on the bulked milk of non-affected cows will need to be near 0.3ppm.

30th January 1976 – Chief Division of Dairying

Contamination of Milk with Endrin.

On 28.1.76 advice was received by *** at Warragul that several cows on the ***, *** Vervale, had been affected by spray used on a potato crop on the same farm.

The substances sprayed onto the crop the previous day had been supplied by ***… The products were Shell products Dilhane 45 and a proprietary pesticide mixture containing 30% endrin.

Despite attempts to prevent the collection of milk from this herd, the milk tanker did take the milk. This tanker of milk was subsequently run to waste at the *** Drouin, on the instructions of the General Manager after he received advice of the contamination from this Department.

An order was placed on the farm under Section 75 of the Milk & Dairy Supervision Act prohibiting the removal of milk from the farm, initially for 72 hours, later for an indefinite period.

Samples of the milk and pasture have been taken from the property of *** and of milk from neighbouring farms that also had pasture contaminated by the spray.

Milk arriving in Melbourne from Milk depots collecting milk in the Koo-Wee-Rup and Thorpdale areas is also being sampled for pesticide analysis.

Samples will be taken from the *** farm at 3 day intervals… These samples will be from bulked milk from cows not affected by the spray. Every effort will be made to remove the prohibition of sale order as soon as possible, but it is considered that the pesticide level on the bulked milk of non-affected cows will need to be near 0.3ppm.

1974 – 1975: Wentworth (NSW). Encephalitis Spraying. Pesticide: Temephos.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity...

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm - a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity…

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm – a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

1974 – 1975: Merbein (Vic). Encephalitis Spraying. Pesticide: Temephos.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity...

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm - a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity…

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm – a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

1974 – 1975: Mildura (Vic). Encephalitis Spraying. Pesticide: Temephos.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity...

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm - a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity…

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm – a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

1974 – 1975: Robinvale (Vic). Encephalitis Spraying. Pesticide: Temephos.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity...

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm - a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity…

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm – a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

1974 – 1975: Swan Hill (Vic). Encephalitis Spraying. Pesticide: Temephos.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity...

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm - a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity…

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm – a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

1974- 1975: Lake Boga (Vic). Encephalitis Spraying. Pesticide: Temephos

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity...

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm - a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity…

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm – a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

1974 – 1975: Barham (NSW). Encephalitis Spraying. Pesticide: Temephos

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity...

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm - a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity…

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm – a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

1974 – 1975: Cohuna (Vic). Encephalitis Spraying. Pesticide: Temephos

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity...

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm - a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity…

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm – a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

1974 – 1975: Echuca (Vic). Encephalitis Spraying. Pesticide: Temephos.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity...

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm - a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity…

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm – a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

1974 – 1975: Tocumwal (NSW) Encephalitis Spraying. Pesticide: Temephos.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity...

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm - a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity…

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm – a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

1974 – 1975: Cobram (Vic) Encephalitis Spraying. Pesticide: Temephos

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity...

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm - a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity…

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm – a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

1975 -1975: Yarrawonga (Vic) Encephalitis Spraying. Pesticide: Temephos

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity...

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm - a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity…

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm – a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

1974 – 1975: Corowa (NSW) Encephalitis Spraying. Pesticide: Temephos

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity...

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm - a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity…

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm – a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

1974 – 1975: Murray River, Howlong, Encephalitis Spraying. Pesticide: Tempehos

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity...

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm - a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Fderal governments are ogranising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity…

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm – a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

1974 – 1975: Murray River, Albury Encephalitis Spraying. Pesticide: Temephos

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity...

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm - a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

Encephalitis Spray Program 23/12/74

1. The chemical to be used in Abate, an organophosphate of low toxicity…

2. Abate is readily soluble in water, the estimated concentration in water being 1ppm – a level approved by the World Health Organisation for Abate as a larvaecide in drinking water. The material degrades in 2-7 days.

3. It is intended to treat lagoons near high density population centres along the Murray River, not streams or reservoirs. The area to be treated extends from the South Australian border to Albury. Mildura will be completed today, the last treatment being in the Albury region on January 7th.

4. There are no precautions the Commission need to recommend other than stress than the material is of low toxicity.

29/11/74

Encephalitis fight (Australian 29/11/74)

The Victorian and Federal governments are organising a campaign to eliminate the threat of another outbreak of encephalitis in the Murray Valley region of Victoria.

The State Minister for Health, Mr Scanlon, was arranging a meeting with the Federal Minister for Health, Dr Everingham, to work out an eradication program which he hoped would be financed by the two governments.

Mr Scanlon said yesterday initial plans were to create an area of immunity around northern Victorian towns by using a pesticide which would destroy mosquito larvae.

Earlier this year an outbreak of the disease caused by a species of mosquito killed eight people and put another 22 in hospital.

The outbreak resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in tourist spending in Murray Valley towns.

1975 September: Mount Macedon. Pesticide: 2,4,5-T

1975 September

Lands Department.

... In the small catchments at Mt Macedon where streams are used directly for domestic water supplies, spraying of blackberries in or adjacent to these streams could result in contamination of water.

There would be little dilution of contaminated water with uncontaminated water and, in the cases of 2,4,5-T and amitrole, residues exceeding the levels of 0.02 ppm (2,4,5-T) and 0.01ppm (amitrole) set by the National Health and Medical Research Council could occur in domestic supplies...

Experimental evidence suggests that there is little movement of 2,4,5-T from treated areas into streams in run-off water and, therefore, any spraying outside of 10 metres from catchment streams should not result in contamination

Would you please see that the policy of the Board, as outlined above, is implemented in the Mt.Macedon area...

1975 September

Lands Department.

… In the small catchments at Mt Macedon where streams are used directly for domestic water supplies, spraying of blackberries in or adjacent to these streams could result in contamination of water.

There would be little dilution of contaminated water with uncontaminated water and, in the cases of 2,4,5-T and amitrole, residues exceeding the levels of 0.02 ppm (2,4,5-T) and 0.01ppm (amitrole) set by the National Health and Medical Research Council could occur in domestic supplies…

Experimental evidence suggests that there is little movement of 2,4,5-T from treated areas into streams in run-off water and, therefore, any spraying outside of 10 metres from catchment streams should not result in contamination

Would you please see that the policy of the Board, as outlined above, is implemented in the Mt.Macedon area…

1982 January: Fish Kill East Goulburn Channel (Vic). Pesticide: Endosulfan.

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission
19th January 1982

Fish Kill - Drain 4 and East Goulburn Channel 12 - Shepparton

On the 5th of January, 1982 I investigated a report from Head Baliff *** of a fish kill in Drain No.4, Shepparton. Drain 4 is part of the irrigation system in that it discharges into the East Goulburn Channel 12 which is also a source of domestic supply...

The results of the investigation are as follows:

1. A large number of redfin and carp were dead in the Number 4 drain and along the East Goulburn Channel 12. Sizes of the fish varied from 5 to 50 cm and would have numbered well over 200 individuals over 2 to 3 kilometres of the watercourse. It was difficult to estimate the number of dead fish as the kill was at least 3 days old when observed.

2. It was obvious that the kill was due to a toxic substance in the water. This was established by examination of the dead fish. Upstream of the point where the 5/4 drain enters the Drain, live fish and other aquatic life was seen. Downstream of that point no aquatic life was observed.

3. A tomato crop on *** was sprayed some 4 days prior to this investigation by Field Air (Benalla) Pty Ltd.

In the event of any overspray occurring it would eventually discharge into drain 4.

After investigating all possible sources of contamination of the water the only factor which could be established was that overspray into the channel or the drain may have caused the fish kill.

On the 14th of January I saw the owner of the tomato crop *** who said that Field Air (Benalla) Pty Ltd had sprayed his crop on the 1st of January with Thiodan (Endosulfan) and Copper Cocide...

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission
19th January 1982

Fish Kill – Drain 4 and East Goulburn Channel 12 – Shepparton

On the 5th of January, 1982 I investigated a report from Head Baliff *** of a fish kill in Drain No.4, Shepparton. Drain 4 is part of the irrigation system in that it discharges into the East Goulburn Channel 12 which is also a source of domestic supply…

The results of the investigation are as follows:

1. A large number of redfin and carp were dead in the Number 4 drain and along the East Goulburn Channel 12. Sizes of the fish varied from 5 to 50 cm and would have numbered well over 200 individuals over 2 to 3 kilometres of the watercourse. It was difficult to estimate the number of dead fish as the kill was at least 3 days old when observed.

2. It was obvious that the kill was due to a toxic substance in the water. This was established by examination of the dead fish. Upstream of the point where the 5/4 drain enters the Drain, live fish and other aquatic life was seen. Downstream of that point no aquatic life was observed.

3. A tomato crop on *** was sprayed some 4 days prior to this investigation by Field Air (Benalla) Pty Ltd.

In the event of any overspray occurring it would eventually discharge into drain 4.

After investigating all possible sources of contamination of the water the only factor which could be established was that overspray into the channel or the drain may have caused the fish kill.

On the 14th of January I saw the owner of the tomato crop *** who said that Field Air (Benalla) Pty Ltd had sprayed his crop on the 1st of January with Thiodan (Endosulfan) and Copper Cocide…

1981: Wandong (Vic). Spray drift.

Some Spraying Incidents from EPA Records

1981 - Wandong: Complaint about damage to vegetation on neighbours property sprayed with herbicide. Land and Vegetation affected, 200m inside boundary, also roof, runoff and dams.

Some Spraying Incidents from EPA Records

1981 – Wandong: Complaint about damage to vegetation on neighbours property sprayed with herbicide. Land and Vegetation affected, 200m inside boundary, also roof, runoff and dams.

1981: Wildwood (Vic). Spraydrift. Pesticide: 2,4-D

Some Spraying Incidents from EPA Records

1981 - Wildwood Area (Shire of Bulla): Local council concerned about the aerial spraying of 2,4-D on roofs of nearby houses where runoff is collected for domestic use.

Some Spraying Incidents from EPA Records

1981 – Wildwood Area (Shire of Bulla): Local council concerned about the aerial spraying of 2,4-D on roofs of nearby houses where runoff is collected for domestic use.

1981: Leongatha Water Supply Spray Drift. Pesticides: 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T

Some Spraying Incidents from EPA Records

1981 - Arawata: Spraying of herbicides near Leongatha water supply by local farmer. Complaint by neighbour about spraying of 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D near water supply.

Some Spraying Incidents from EPA Records

1981 – Arawata: Spraying of herbicides near Leongatha water supply by local farmer. Complaint by neighbour about spraying of 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D near water supply.

1975: Shepparton Tomato Overspray Fish Kill. Pesticides: Zineb, Endosulfan

Some Spraying Incidents from EPA Records

1975 - Shepparton. Field Air (Benalla) Spraying Tomato crops with insecticide (Zineb and Thiodan [endosulfan]). Rural Water Commission Channel No.7 had 400 fish killed downstream.

Some Spraying Incidents from EPA Records

1975 – Shepparton. Field Air (Benalla) Spraying Tomato crops with insecticide (Zineb and Thiodan [endosulfan]). Rural Water Commission Channel No.7 had 400 fish killed downstream.

1967 June: Truck Accident Sunday Creek (Vic). Pesticides: DDT, Phosmet

4th July 1967 From: Deputy Chief Chemist

Pesticide Incident - Hume Highway - Sunday Creek 29th June, 1967

At approximately 2 a.m. 29th June, a semi trailer with a mixed load including pesticides crashed beside the bridge over Sunday Creek on the Hume Highway, a few miles south of Seymour. The driver escaped before a fire developed which destroyed most of the load.

At 10.30am *** Chief Irrigation Officer of the SR&WSC phoned to advise that a load of Imidan had entered Sunday Creek. The initial report was 44 gallon drums which later was corrected to 5 gallon drums and DDT also received mention. I.C.I. disclaimed any responsibility and eventually it was found that the load had been consigned by Monsanto. Monsanto accepted some degree of responsibility of the accident at 1.30pm...

The load had consisted of -

50 drums (5 gallons) 25% D.D.T. Solution
20 drums (5 gallons) 15% Imidan Solution
both in inflammable solvent...

After the accident a fierce fire developed which destroyed most of the pesticide load and other goods.

An insepection at the scene of the accident disclosed that 3 drums of DDT and 1 drum of Imidan were in the water. These drums were damaged but leakage was small and negligible contamination was likely from this source. The drums were removed from the stream and placed beyond the fire which was still burning.

There was evidence that during the fire drums had burst on the seams and the burning contents (up to 300 gallons) had flowed from the seat of the fire to the waters edge. There was no means of telling whether this burning liquid had entered the water but this appeared unlikely...

Water samples were drawn from the site of the accident and from sites 20 yards upstream and downstream in Sunday Creek.

Analyses made the next day disclosed the following -

Upstream sample: DDT (nil), Imidan (nil, less than 0.02 ppm)
Accident site: DDT (1.3ppm) Imidan (nil)
Downstream sample (20 yards): DDT 0.014ppm, Imidan Nil

These results suggest negligible contamination of the Goulburn Water System.

A sample of water from the site of the accident was taken after clean up operations. This sample contained 0.85 ppm. This figure is probably indicative of further contamination from the bank during cleanup operations.

The calculated pesticide residue in the Goulburn River on the basis of stream flow and determined residues in Sunday Creek, would have been no greater than 0.0003ppm and it is considered that this would have been for a relatively short time...

4th July 1967 From: Deputy Chief Chemist

Pesticide Incident – Hume Highway – Sunday Creek 29th June, 1967

At approximately 2 a.m. 29th June, a semi trailer with a mixed load including pesticides crashed beside the bridge over Sunday Creek on the Hume Highway, a few miles south of Seymour. The driver escaped before a fire developed which destroyed most of the load.

At 10.30am *** Chief Irrigation Officer of the SR&WSC phoned to advise that a load of Imidan had entered Sunday Creek. The initial report was 44 gallon drums which later was corrected to 5 gallon drums and DDT also received mention. I.C.I. disclaimed any responsibility and eventually it was found that the load had been consigned by Monsanto. Monsanto accepted some degree of responsibility of the accident at 1.30pm…

The load had consisted of –

50 drums (5 gallons) 25% D.D.T. Solution
20 drums (5 gallons) 15% Imidan Solution
both in inflammable solvent…

After the accident a fierce fire developed which destroyed most of the pesticide load and other goods.

An insepection at the scene of the accident disclosed that 3 drums of DDT and 1 drum of Imidan were in the water. These drums were damaged but leakage was small and negligible contamination was likely from this source. The drums were removed from the stream and placed beyond the fire which was still burning.

There was evidence that during the fire drums had burst on the seams and the burning contents (up to 300 gallons) had flowed from the seat of the fire to the waters edge. There was no means of telling whether this burning liquid had entered the water but this appeared unlikely…

Water samples were drawn from the site of the accident and from sites 20 yards upstream and downstream in Sunday Creek.

Analyses made the next day disclosed the following –

Upstream sample: DDT (nil), Imidan (nil, less than 0.02 ppm)
Accident site: DDT (1.3ppm) Imidan (nil)
Downstream sample (20 yards): DDT 0.014ppm, Imidan Nil

These results suggest negligible contamination of the Goulburn Water System.

A sample of water from the site of the accident was taken after clean up operations. This sample contained 0.85 ppm. This figure is probably indicative of further contamination from the bank during cleanup operations.

The calculated pesticide residue in the Goulburn River on the basis of stream flow and determined residues in Sunday Creek, would have been no greater than 0.0003ppm and it is considered that this would have been for a relatively short time…

2006 September – 2007 August: Bull Creek (WA). Pesticides: Multiple

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Bull Creek WA

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from the accumulation in PDMS strips deployed during September- October 2006.

Phosphate tri-n-butyl: 20ng/L (Replicate A), 20ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 14ng/L (Replicate A), 13ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L ( Replicate A), <3ng/L ( Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 4ng/L ( Replicate A), 4.5ng/L ( Replicate B)

Fenitrothion: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <7ng/L (Replicate A), <7ng/L (Replicate B)

Heptachlor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chordane trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND% 4

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during September - October 2006.

Diuron: 7.7ng/L

Simazine: 54ng/L

Atrazine: <1ng/L

Hexazinone: <1ng/L

Deployment period two; January - February 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 9.4ng/ED, 2.5Cw. (Replicate B) 13ng/ED, 3.5Cw. 32 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 2.6ng/ED, 0.7Cw. (Replicate B) 6.8ng/ED, 1.8Cw. 26 ND%

Ametryn: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Mean ND 32%

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-butyl: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 5ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbuthylazine: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 27ng/L (Replicate A), 26ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 1.2ng/L (Replicate A), 0.9ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 0.1ng/L (Replicate A), 0.1ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND%: 13

Deployment period three; April - May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 48ng/ED, 15Cw. (Replicate B) 36ng/ED, 11Cw. 28 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 43ng/ED, 13Cw. (Replicate B) 40ng/ED, 13Cw. 5.8 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 8.4ng/ED, 2.7Cw. (Replicate B) 10ng/ED, 3.3Cw. 20 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) 2.3ng/ED, 0.7Cw. - ND%

Mean ND 18%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during April - May 2007.

Diuron: Replicates 23 Apr 10ng/L, 23 Apr 10ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 10ng/L

Simazine: Replicates 16 Apr 19ng/L, 23 Apr 29ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 24ng/L

Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <0.1ng/L, 23 Apr 4.4ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 2.2ng/L

Desethyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Hexazinone: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr 1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Ametryn: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during April - May 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 16ng/L (Replicate A), 16ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 11ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Propazine: <10ng/L (Replicate A), <10ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 12ng/L (Replicate A), 11ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 2ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 5ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1g/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Rotenone: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 3.5%

Deployment period four; July - August 2007
The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in July - August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: 6.1ng/L (Replicate A), 6.8ng/L (Replicate B)

Simazine: 130ng/L (Replicate A), 140ng/L (Replicate B)

Atrazine: 1.3ng/L (Replicate A), 1.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Desethyl Atrazine: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 7.1ng/L (Replicate A), 8.6ng/L (Replicate B)

Hexazinone: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Tebuthiuron: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during July - August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: >30ng/L (Replicate A), >30ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 6ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 39ng/L (Replicate A), 54ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Pendimethalin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Methidathion: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 17

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Bull Creek WA

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from the accumulation in PDMS strips deployed during September- October 2006.

Phosphate tri-n-butyl: 20ng/L (Replicate A), 20ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 14ng/L (Replicate A), 13ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L ( Replicate A), <3ng/L ( Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 4ng/L ( Replicate A), 4.5ng/L ( Replicate B)

Fenitrothion: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <7ng/L (Replicate A), <7ng/L (Replicate B)

Heptachlor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chordane trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND% 4

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during September – October 2006.

Diuron: 7.7ng/L

Simazine: 54ng/L

Atrazine: <1ng/L

Hexazinone: <1ng/L

Deployment period two; January – February 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 9.4ng/ED, 2.5Cw. (Replicate B) 13ng/ED, 3.5Cw. 32 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 2.6ng/ED, 0.7Cw. (Replicate B) 6.8ng/ED, 1.8Cw. 26 ND%

Ametryn: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Mean ND 32%

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-butyl: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 5ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbuthylazine: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 27ng/L (Replicate A), 26ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 1.2ng/L (Replicate A), 0.9ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 0.1ng/L (Replicate A), 0.1ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND%: 13

Deployment period three; April – May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 48ng/ED, 15Cw. (Replicate B) 36ng/ED, 11Cw. 28 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 43ng/ED, 13Cw. (Replicate B) 40ng/ED, 13Cw. 5.8 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 8.4ng/ED, 2.7Cw. (Replicate B) 10ng/ED, 3.3Cw. 20 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) 2.3ng/ED, 0.7Cw. – ND%

Mean ND 18%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during April – May 2007.

Diuron: Replicates 23 Apr 10ng/L, 23 Apr 10ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 10ng/L

Simazine: Replicates 16 Apr 19ng/L, 23 Apr 29ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 24ng/L

Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <0.1ng/L, 23 Apr 4.4ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 2.2ng/L

Desethyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Hexazinone: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr 1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Ametryn: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during April – May 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 16ng/L (Replicate A), 16ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 11ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Propazine: <10ng/L (Replicate A), <10ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 12ng/L (Replicate A), 11ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 2ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 5ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1g/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Rotenone: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 3.5%

Deployment period four; July – August 2007
The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in July – August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: 6.1ng/L (Replicate A), 6.8ng/L (Replicate B)

Simazine: 130ng/L (Replicate A), 140ng/L (Replicate B)

Atrazine: 1.3ng/L (Replicate A), 1.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Desethyl Atrazine: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 7.1ng/L (Replicate A), 8.6ng/L (Replicate B)

Hexazinone: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Tebuthiuron: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during July – August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: >30ng/L (Replicate A), >30ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 6ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 39ng/L (Replicate A), 54ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Pendimethalin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Methidathion: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 17

2006 September – 2007 August: Corfield Street, Southern River, WA. Pesticides: Multiple

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Corfield Street, Southern River, WA

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from the accumulation in PDMS strips deployed during September- October 2006.

Phosphate tri-n-butyl: 10ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 44ng/L (Replicate A), 37ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 7ng/L ( Replicate A), 6ng/L ( Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 7ng/L ( Replicate A), 6ng/L ( Replicate B)

Fenitrothion: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <7ng/L (Replicate A), <7ng/L (Replicate B)

Heptachlor Epoxide: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chordane trans: 0.7ng/L (Replicate A), 0.6ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 9ng/L (Replicate A), 8ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during September - October 2006.

Diuron: 32ng/L

Simazine: 74ng/L

Atrazine: <1ng/L

Hexazinone: 6.8ng/L

Deployment period three; April - May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 96ng/ED, 30Cw. (Replicate B) 107ng/ED, 34Cw. 11 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 5300ng/ED, 1700Cw. (Replicate B) 6680ng/ED, 2140Cw. 23 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 0.8ng/ED, 0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <82ng/ED, 26Cw. (Replicate B) 88ng/ED, 28Cw. 6.7 ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Mean ND 13%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during April - May 2007.

Diuron: Replicates 16 Apr 59ng/L, 23 Apr 47ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 53ng/L

Simazine: Replicates 16 Apr 48ng/L, 23 Apr 12ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 30ng/L

Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Desethyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 1.5ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Hexazinone: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Ametryn: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during April - May 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 15ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 8ng/L (Replicate A), 10ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 785ng/L (Replicate A), 857ng/L (Replicate B)

Propazine: <10ng/L (Replicate A), <10ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 8ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 11ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: 8ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 0.4ng/L (Replicate A), 0.4ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 0.9ng/L (Replicate A), 0.7ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 10ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: 3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 25ng/L (Replicate A), 23ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: 1g/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Rotenone: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 16%

Deployment period four; July - August 2007
The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in July - August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: 21ng/L (Replicate A), 18ng/L (Replicate B)

Simazine: 630ng/L (Replicate A), 620ng/L (Replicate B)

Atrazine: 4.3ng/L (Replicate A), 4.1ng/L (Replicate B)

Desethyl Atrazine: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 24ng/L (Replicate A), 24ng/L (Replicate B)

Hexazinone: 1ng/L (Replicate A), <0.3ng/L (Replicate B)

Tebuthiuron: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during July - August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 19ng/L (Replicate A), 16ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 9ng/L (Replicate A), 8ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 14ng/L (Replicate A), 15ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 14ng/L (Replicate A), 13ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 8ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Pendimethalin: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Methidathion: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 31ng/L (Replicate A), 30ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), 11ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Corfield Street, Southern River, WA

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from the accumulation in PDMS strips deployed during September- October 2006.

Phosphate tri-n-butyl: 10ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 44ng/L (Replicate A), 37ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 7ng/L ( Replicate A), 6ng/L ( Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 7ng/L ( Replicate A), 6ng/L ( Replicate B)

Fenitrothion: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <7ng/L (Replicate A), <7ng/L (Replicate B)

Heptachlor Epoxide: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chordane trans: 0.7ng/L (Replicate A), 0.6ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 9ng/L (Replicate A), 8ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during September – October 2006.

Diuron: 32ng/L

Simazine: 74ng/L

Atrazine: <1ng/L

Hexazinone: 6.8ng/L

Deployment period three; April – May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 96ng/ED, 30Cw. (Replicate B) 107ng/ED, 34Cw. 11 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 5300ng/ED, 1700Cw. (Replicate B) 6680ng/ED, 2140Cw. 23 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 0.8ng/ED, 0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <82ng/ED, 26Cw. (Replicate B) 88ng/ED, 28Cw. 6.7 ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Mean ND 13%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during April – May 2007.

Diuron: Replicates 16 Apr 59ng/L, 23 Apr 47ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 53ng/L

Simazine: Replicates 16 Apr 48ng/L, 23 Apr 12ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 30ng/L

Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Desethyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 1.5ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Hexazinone: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Ametryn: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during April – May 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 15ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 8ng/L (Replicate A), 10ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 785ng/L (Replicate A), 857ng/L (Replicate B)

Propazine: <10ng/L (Replicate A), <10ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 8ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 11ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: 8ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 0.4ng/L (Replicate A), 0.4ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 0.9ng/L (Replicate A), 0.7ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 10ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: 3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 25ng/L (Replicate A), 23ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: 1g/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Rotenone: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 16%

Deployment period four; July – August 2007
The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in July – August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: 21ng/L (Replicate A), 18ng/L (Replicate B)

Simazine: 630ng/L (Replicate A), 620ng/L (Replicate B)

Atrazine: 4.3ng/L (Replicate A), 4.1ng/L (Replicate B)

Desethyl Atrazine: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 24ng/L (Replicate A), 24ng/L (Replicate B)

Hexazinone: 1ng/L (Replicate A), <0.3ng/L (Replicate B)

Tebuthiuron: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during July – August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 19ng/L (Replicate A), 16ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 9ng/L (Replicate A), 8ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 14ng/L (Replicate A), 15ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 14ng/L (Replicate A), 13ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 8ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Pendimethalin: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Methidathion: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 31ng/L (Replicate A), 30ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), 11ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 11

2006 September – 2007 May: Mills Street Compensating Basin, Welshpool (WA). Pesticides: Multiple

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Mills Street, Compensation Basin, WA

Deployment period two; January - February 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 190ng/ED, 50Cw. (Replicate B) 120ng/ED, 33Cw. 45 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 43ng/ED, 11Cw. (Replicate B) 32ng/ED, 8.6Cw. 29 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 160ng/ED, 42Cw. (Replicate B) 110ng/ED, 28Cw. 37 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 31ng/ED, 8.3Cw. (Replicate B) 14ng/ED, 3.7Cw. 76 ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 9.9ng/ED, 2.7Cw. (Replicate B) 5.6ng/ED, 1.5Cw. 55 ND%

Ametryn: (Replicate A) 32ng/ED, 8.6Cw. (Replicate B) 16ng/ED, 4.2Cw. 70 ND%

Mean ND 52%

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-butyl: 26ng/L (Replicate A), 18ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 0.5ng/L (Replicate A), 0.3ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbuthylazine: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: 0.9ng/L (Replicate A), 0.7ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 2ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 72ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND%: 27

Deployment period three; April - May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 162ng/ED, 52Cw. (Replicate B) 138ng/ED, 44Cw. 16.4 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 27ng/ED, 8.8Cw. (Replicate B) 26ng/ED, 8.5Cw. 3.1 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 14ng/ED, 4.8Cw. (Replicate B) 15ng/ED, 4.8Cw. 1.3 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Mean ND 6.9%

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Mills Street, Compensation Basin, WA

Deployment period two; January – February 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 190ng/ED, 50Cw. (Replicate B) 120ng/ED, 33Cw. 45 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 43ng/ED, 11Cw. (Replicate B) 32ng/ED, 8.6Cw. 29 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 160ng/ED, 42Cw. (Replicate B) 110ng/ED, 28Cw. 37 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 31ng/ED, 8.3Cw. (Replicate B) 14ng/ED, 3.7Cw. 76 ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 9.9ng/ED, 2.7Cw. (Replicate B) 5.6ng/ED, 1.5Cw. 55 ND%

Ametryn: (Replicate A) 32ng/ED, 8.6Cw. (Replicate B) 16ng/ED, 4.2Cw. 70 ND%

Mean ND 52%

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-butyl: 26ng/L (Replicate A), 18ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 0.5ng/L (Replicate A), 0.3ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbuthylazine: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: 0.9ng/L (Replicate A), 0.7ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 2ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 72ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND%: 27

Deployment period three; April – May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 162ng/ED, 52Cw. (Replicate B) 138ng/ED, 44Cw. 16.4 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 27ng/ED, 8.8Cw. (Replicate B) 26ng/ED, 8.5Cw. 3.1 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 14ng/ED, 4.8Cw. (Replicate B) 15ng/ED, 4.8Cw. 1.3 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Mean ND 6.9%

 

2006 September – 2007 August. Liege Street Wetland (WA). Pesticides: Multiple.

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Liege Street Wetlands, WA

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from the accumulation in PDMS strips deployed during September- October 2006.

Phosphate tri-n-butyl: 11ng/L (Replicate A), 14ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L ( Replicate A), <3ng/L ( Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 0.6ng/L ( Replicate A), 1ng/L ( Replicate B)

Fenitrothion: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <7ng/L (Replicate A), <7ng/L (Replicate B)

Heptachlor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chordane trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during September - October 2006.

Diuron: 36ng/L

Simazine: 43ng/L

Atrazine: 3.4ng/L

Hexazinone: <1ng/L

Deployment period two; January - February 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 7.6ng/ED, 2Cw. (Replicate B) 7.8ng/ED, 2.1Cw. 2.9 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 4ng/ED, 1.1Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 2ng/ED, 1Cw. (Replicate B) 0.3ng/ED, 0.6Cw. 14 ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Ametryn: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Mean ND 2.9%

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-butyl: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbuthylazine: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), 0.6ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND%: 0

Deployment period three; April - May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 162ng/ED, 52Cw. (Replicate B) 138ng/ED, 44Cw. 16.4 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 27ng/ED, 8.8Cw. (Replicate B) 26ng/ED, 8.5Cw. 3.1 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 14ng/ED, 4.8Cw. (Replicate B) 15ng/ED, 4.8Cw. 1.3 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Mean ND 6.9%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during April - May 2007.

Diuron: Replicates 16 Apr 220ng/L, 23 Apr 199ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 209ng/L

Simazine: Replicates 16 Apr 18ng/L, 23 Apr 22ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 20ng/L

Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 9.1ng/L, 23 Apr 10ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 9.5ng/L

Desethyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Hexazinone: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Ametryn: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during April - May 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 14ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Propazine: <10ng/L (Replicate A), <10ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: 13ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 5ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1g/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Rotenone: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 10%

Deployment period four; July - August 2007
The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in July - August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: 8.8ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Simazine: 12ng/L (Replicate A), 13ng/L (Replicate B)

Atrazine: 2.2ng/L (Replicate A), 2.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Desethyl Atrazine: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 1.8ng/L (Replicate A), 1.8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hexazinone: 0.9ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Tebuthiuron: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during July - August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 6ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Pendimethalin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Methidathion: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 5

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Liege Street Wetlands, WA

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from the accumulation in PDMS strips deployed during September- October 2006.

Phosphate tri-n-butyl: 11ng/L (Replicate A), 14ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L ( Replicate A), <3ng/L ( Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 0.6ng/L ( Replicate A), 1ng/L ( Replicate B)

Fenitrothion: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <7ng/L (Replicate A), <7ng/L (Replicate B)

Heptachlor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chordane trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during September – October 2006.

Diuron: 36ng/L

Simazine: 43ng/L

Atrazine: 3.4ng/L

Hexazinone: <1ng/L

Deployment period two; January – February 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 7.6ng/ED, 2Cw. (Replicate B) 7.8ng/ED, 2.1Cw. 2.9 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 4ng/ED, 1.1Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 2ng/ED, 1Cw. (Replicate B) 0.3ng/ED, 0.6Cw. 14 ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Ametryn: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Mean ND 2.9%

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-butyl: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbuthylazine: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), 0.6ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND%: 0

Deployment period three; April – May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 162ng/ED, 52Cw. (Replicate B) 138ng/ED, 44Cw. 16.4 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 27ng/ED, 8.8Cw. (Replicate B) 26ng/ED, 8.5Cw. 3.1 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 14ng/ED, 4.8Cw. (Replicate B) 15ng/ED, 4.8Cw. 1.3 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Mean ND 6.9%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during April – May 2007.

Diuron: Replicates 16 Apr 220ng/L, 23 Apr 199ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 209ng/L

Simazine: Replicates 16 Apr 18ng/L, 23 Apr 22ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 20ng/L

Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 9.1ng/L, 23 Apr 10ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 9.5ng/L

Desethyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Hexazinone: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Ametryn: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during April – May 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 14ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Propazine: <10ng/L (Replicate A), <10ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: 13ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 5ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1g/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Rotenone: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 10%

Deployment period four; July – August 2007
The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in July – August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: 8.8ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Simazine: 12ng/L (Replicate A), 13ng/L (Replicate B)

Atrazine: 2.2ng/L (Replicate A), 2.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Desethyl Atrazine: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 1.8ng/L (Replicate A), 1.8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hexazinone: 0.9ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Tebuthiuron: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during July – August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 6ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Pendimethalin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Methidathion: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 5

2006 September – 2007 August: Belmont South (WA). Pesticides: Multiple.

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Belmont South WA

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from the accumulation in PDMS strips deployed during September- October 2006.

Phosphate tri-n-butyl: 19ng/L (Replicate A), 19ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 10ng/L ( Replicate A), <3ng/L ( Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 2.5ng/L ( Replicate A), 2.8ng/L ( Replicate B)

Fenitrothion: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <7ng/L (Replicate A), <7ng/L (Replicate B)

Heptachlor Epoxide: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chordane trans: 0.6ng/L (Replicate A), 0.7ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 10ng/L (Replicate A), 11ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 6ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during September - October 2006.

Diuron: 22ng/L

Simazine: 47ng/L

Atrazine: <1ng/L

Hexazinone: <1ng/L

Deployment period two; January - February 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 31ng/ED, 8.4Cw. (Replicate B) 23ng/ED, 6.2Cw. 30 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 34ng/ED, 9.2Cw. (Replicate B) 25ng/ED, 6.6Cw. 31 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 2ng/ED, 0.5Cw. (Replicate B) 2.3ng/ED, 0.6Cw. 14 ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 8.9ng/ED, 2.4Cw. (Replicate B) 6.8ng/ED, 1.8Cw. 26 ND%

Ametryn: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Mean ND 25%

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-butyl: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 5ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbuthylazine: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 0.4ng/L (Replicate A), 0.4ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 0.5ng/L (Replicate A), 0.4ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 11ng/L (Replicate A), 10ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND%: 16

Deployment period three; April - May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 34ng/ED, 11Cw. (Replicate B) 51ng/ED, 16Cw. 39.6 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 3620ng/ED, 1160Cw. (Replicate B) 4260ng/ED, 1360Cw. 16 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 16ng/ED, 5.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) 1.1ng/ED, 0.4Cw. - ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 49ng/ED, 15Cw. (Replicate B) 77ng/ED, 24Cw. 44 ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 4.8ng/ED, 1.5Cw. (Replicate B) 8.7ng/ED, 2.8Cw. 57 ND%

Mean ND 39%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during April - May 2007.

Diuron: Replicates 16 Apr 25ng/L, 23 Apr 8.5ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 16ng/L

Simazine: Replicates 16 Apr 7655ng/L, 23 Apr 74ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 3870ng/L

Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 43ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 21ng/L

Desethyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 49ng/L, 23 Apr 1.7ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 25ng/L

Hexazinone: Replicates 16 Apr 2.1ng/L, 23 Apr 1.8ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 1.9ng/L

Ametryn: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during April - May 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 14ng/L (Replicate A), 16ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Propazine: <10ng/L (Replicate A), <10ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 58ng/L (Replicate A), 54ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 0.8ng/L (Replicate A), 0.9ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 11ng/L (Replicate A), 11ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 5ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1g/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Rotenone: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 7.3%

Deployment period four; July - August 2007
The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in July - August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: 1.6ng/L (Replicate A), 1.9ng/L (Replicate B)

Simazine: 15ng/L (Replicate A), 15ng/L (Replicate B)

Atrazine: 0.4ng/L (Replicate A), 0.2ng/L (Replicate B)

Desethyl Atrazine: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 0.4ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Hexazinone: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Tebuthiuron: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during July - August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: >30ng/L (Replicate A), >30ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 10ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 8ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Pendimethalin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Methidathion: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 6ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 11

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Belmont South WA

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from the accumulation in PDMS strips deployed during September- October 2006.

Phosphate tri-n-butyl: 19ng/L (Replicate A), 19ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 10ng/L ( Replicate A), <3ng/L ( Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 2.5ng/L ( Replicate A), 2.8ng/L ( Replicate B)

Fenitrothion: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <7ng/L (Replicate A), <7ng/L (Replicate B)

Heptachlor Epoxide: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chordane trans: 0.6ng/L (Replicate A), 0.7ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 10ng/L (Replicate A), 11ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 6ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during September – October 2006.

Diuron: 22ng/L

Simazine: 47ng/L

Atrazine: <1ng/L

Hexazinone: <1ng/L

Deployment period two; January – February 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 31ng/ED, 8.4Cw. (Replicate B) 23ng/ED, 6.2Cw. 30 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 34ng/ED, 9.2Cw. (Replicate B) 25ng/ED, 6.6Cw. 31 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 2ng/ED, 0.5Cw. (Replicate B) 2.3ng/ED, 0.6Cw. 14 ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 8.9ng/ED, 2.4Cw. (Replicate B) 6.8ng/ED, 1.8Cw. 26 ND%

Ametryn: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Mean ND 25%

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-butyl: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 5ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbuthylazine: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 0.4ng/L (Replicate A), 0.4ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 0.5ng/L (Replicate A), 0.4ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 11ng/L (Replicate A), 10ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND%: 16

Deployment period three; April – May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 34ng/ED, 11Cw. (Replicate B) 51ng/ED, 16Cw. 39.6 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 3620ng/ED, 1160Cw. (Replicate B) 4260ng/ED, 1360Cw. 16 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 16ng/ED, 5.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) 1.1ng/ED, 0.4Cw. – ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 49ng/ED, 15Cw. (Replicate B) 77ng/ED, 24Cw. 44 ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 4.8ng/ED, 1.5Cw. (Replicate B) 8.7ng/ED, 2.8Cw. 57 ND%

Mean ND 39%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during April – May 2007.

Diuron: Replicates 16 Apr 25ng/L, 23 Apr 8.5ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 16ng/L

Simazine: Replicates 16 Apr 7655ng/L, 23 Apr 74ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 3870ng/L

Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 43ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 21ng/L

Desethyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 49ng/L, 23 Apr 1.7ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 25ng/L

Hexazinone: Replicates 16 Apr 2.1ng/L, 23 Apr 1.8ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 1.9ng/L

Ametryn: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during April – May 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 14ng/L (Replicate A), 16ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Propazine: <10ng/L (Replicate A), <10ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 58ng/L (Replicate A), 54ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 0.8ng/L (Replicate A), 0.9ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 11ng/L (Replicate A), 11ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 5ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1g/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Rotenone: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 7.3%

Deployment period four; July – August 2007
The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in July – August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: 1.6ng/L (Replicate A), 1.9ng/L (Replicate B)

Simazine: 15ng/L (Replicate A), 15ng/L (Replicate B)

Atrazine: 0.4ng/L (Replicate A), 0.2ng/L (Replicate B)

Desethyl Atrazine: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 0.4ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Hexazinone: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Tebuthiuron: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during July – August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: >30ng/L (Replicate A), >30ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 10ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 8ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Pendimethalin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Methidathion: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 6ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 11

2006 September – 2007 August: Perth Airport Main Drain. Pesticides: Multiple

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Perth Airport South Main Drain WA

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from the accumulation in PDMS strips deployed during September- October 2006.

Phosphate tri-n-butyl: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L ( Replicate A), <3ng/L ( Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 0.6ng/L ( Replicate A), 0.7ng/L ( Replicate B)

Fenitrothion: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <7ng/L (Replicate A), <7ng/L (Replicate B)

Heptachlor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chordane trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during September - October 2006.

Diuron: 18ng/L

Simazine: 21ng/L

Atrazine: 6ng/L

Hexazinone 11ng/L

Deployment period two; January - February 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 24ng/ED, 6.4Cw. (Replicate B) 17ng/ED, 4.4Cw. 34 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 35ng/ED, 9.3Cw. (Replicate B) 32ng/ED, 8.5Cw. 9 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 8.1ng/ED, 2.2Cw. (Replicate B) 6.7ng/ED, 1.8Cw. 19 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 14ng/ED, 3.9Cw. (Replicate B) 13ng/ED, 3.6Cw. 7.4 ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 6.6ng/ED, 1.8Cw. (Replicate B) 5.1ng/ED, 1.4Cw. 25 ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 4.5ng/ED, 1.2Cw. (Replicate B) 4.8ng/ED, 1.3Cw. 4.9 ND%

Ametryn: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-butyl: 8ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 17ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbuthylazine: 9ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1.4ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND%: 30

Deployment period three; April - May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 46ng/ED, 15Cw. (Replicate B) 46ng/ED, 15Cw. 0.1 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 110ng/ED, 36Cw. (Replicate B) 110ng/ED, 36Cw. 0.3 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 30ng/ED, 9.6Cw. (Replicate B) 29ng/ED, 9.5Cw. 0.9 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 11ng/ED, 3.7Cw. (Replicate B) 4.3ng/ED, 1.4Cw. 92 ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 11ng/ED, 3.8Cw. (Replicate B) 10ng/ED, 3.2Cw. 16 ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 2.9ng/ED, 0.9Cw. (Replicate B) 8.6ng/ED, 2.3Cw. 0.7 ND%

Mean ND 24%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during April - May 2007.

Diuron: Replicates 16 Apr 19ng/L, 23 Apr 72ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 45ng/L

Simazine: Replicates 16 Apr 61ng/L, 23 Apr 71ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 66ng/L

Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 8.3ng/L, 23 Apr 22ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 15ng/L

Desethyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr 13ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 6.5ng/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 3.7ng/L, 23 Apr 11ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 7.3ng/L

Hexazinone: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr 2.7ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 1.3ng/L

Ametryn: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during April - May 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 82ng/L (Replicate A), 83ng/L (Replicate B)

Propazine: <10ng/L (Replicate A), <10ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: 14ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), 0.8ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 15ng/L (Replicate A), 16ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1g/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Rotenone: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 8.3%

Deployment period four; July - August 2007
The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in July - August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: 22ng/L (Replicate A), 31ng/L (Replicate B)

Simazine: 41ng/L (Replicate A), 50ng/L (Replicate B)

Atrazine: 9.8ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Desethyl Atrazine: 3.2ng/L (Replicate A), 4.8ng/L (Replicate B)

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 8.5ng/L (Replicate A), 8.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Hexazinone: <1ng/L (Replicate A), 0.3ng/L (Replicate B)

Tebuthiuron: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during July - August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Pendimethalin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Methidathion: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 9ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 13ng/L (Replicate A), 13ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 10

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Perth Airport South Main Drain WA

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from the accumulation in PDMS strips deployed during September- October 2006.

Phosphate tri-n-butyl: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L ( Replicate A), <3ng/L ( Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 0.6ng/L ( Replicate A), 0.7ng/L ( Replicate B)

Fenitrothion: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <7ng/L (Replicate A), <7ng/L (Replicate B)

Heptachlor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chordane trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during September - October 2006.

Diuron: 18ng/L

Simazine: 21ng/L

Atrazine: 6ng/L

Hexazinone 11ng/L

Deployment period two; January - February 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 24ng/ED, 6.4Cw. (Replicate B) 17ng/ED, 4.4Cw. 34 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 35ng/ED, 9.3Cw. (Replicate B) 32ng/ED, 8.5Cw. 9 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 8.1ng/ED, 2.2Cw. (Replicate B) 6.7ng/ED, 1.8Cw. 19 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 14ng/ED, 3.9Cw. (Replicate B) 13ng/ED, 3.6Cw. 7.4 ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 6.6ng/ED, 1.8Cw. (Replicate B) 5.1ng/ED, 1.4Cw. 25 ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 4.5ng/ED, 1.2Cw. (Replicate B) 4.8ng/ED, 1.3Cw. 4.9 ND%

Ametryn: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-butyl: 8ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 17ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbuthylazine: 9ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1.4ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND%: 30

Deployment period three; April - May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 46ng/ED, 15Cw. (Replicate B) 46ng/ED, 15Cw. 0.1 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 110ng/ED, 36Cw. (Replicate B) 110ng/ED, 36Cw. 0.3 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 30ng/ED, 9.6Cw. (Replicate B) 29ng/ED, 9.5Cw. 0.9 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 11ng/ED, 3.7Cw. (Replicate B) 4.3ng/ED, 1.4Cw. 92 ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 11ng/ED, 3.8Cw. (Replicate B) 10ng/ED, 3.2Cw. 16 ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 2.9ng/ED, 0.9Cw. (Replicate B) 8.6ng/ED, 2.3Cw. 0.7 ND%

Mean ND 24%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during April - May 2007.

Diuron: Replicates 16 Apr 19ng/L, 23 Apr 72ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 45ng/L

Simazine: Replicates 16 Apr 61ng/L, 23 Apr 71ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 66ng/L

Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 8.3ng/L, 23 Apr 22ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 15ng/L

Desethyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr 13ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 6.5ng/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 49ng/L, 23 Apr 1.7ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 25ng/L

Hexazinone: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr 2.7ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 1.3ng/L

Ametryn: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during April - May 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 82ng/L (Replicate A), 83ng/L (Replicate B)

Propazine: <10ng/L (Replicate A), <10ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: 14ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), 0.8ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 15ng/L (Replicate A), 16ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1g/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Rotenone: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 8.3%

Deployment period four; July - August 2007
The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in July - August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: 22ng/L (Replicate A), 31ng/L (Replicate B)

Simazine: 41ng/L (Replicate A), 50ng/L (Replicate B)

Atrazine: 9.8ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Desethyl Atrazine: 3.2ng/L (Replicate A), 4.8ng/L (Replicate B)

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 8.5ng/L (Replicate A), 8.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Hexazinone: <1ng/L (Replicate A), 0.3ng/L (Replicate B)

Tebuthiuron: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during July - August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Pendimethalin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Methidathion: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 9ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 13ng/L (Replicate A), 13ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 10

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Perth Airport South Main Drain WA

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from the accumulation in PDMS strips deployed during September- October 2006.

Phosphate tri-n-butyl: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L ( Replicate A), <3ng/L ( Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 0.6ng/L ( Replicate A), 0.7ng/L ( Replicate B)

Fenitrothion: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <7ng/L (Replicate A), <7ng/L (Replicate B)

Heptachlor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chordane trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during September – October 2006.

Diuron: 18ng/L

Simazine: 21ng/L

Atrazine: 6ng/L

Hexazinone 11ng/L

Deployment period two; January – February 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 24ng/ED, 6.4Cw. (Replicate B) 17ng/ED, 4.4Cw. 34 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 35ng/ED, 9.3Cw. (Replicate B) 32ng/ED, 8.5Cw. 9 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 8.1ng/ED, 2.2Cw. (Replicate B) 6.7ng/ED, 1.8Cw. 19 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 14ng/ED, 3.9Cw. (Replicate B) 13ng/ED, 3.6Cw. 7.4 ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 6.6ng/ED, 1.8Cw. (Replicate B) 5.1ng/ED, 1.4Cw. 25 ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 4.5ng/ED, 1.2Cw. (Replicate B) 4.8ng/ED, 1.3Cw. 4.9 ND%

Ametryn: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-butyl: 8ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 17ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbuthylazine: 9ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1.4ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND%: 30

Deployment period three; April – May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 46ng/ED, 15Cw. (Replicate B) 46ng/ED, 15Cw. 0.1 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 110ng/ED, 36Cw. (Replicate B) 110ng/ED, 36Cw. 0.3 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 30ng/ED, 9.6Cw. (Replicate B) 29ng/ED, 9.5Cw. 0.9 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 11ng/ED, 3.7Cw. (Replicate B) 4.3ng/ED, 1.4Cw. 92 ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 11ng/ED, 3.8Cw. (Replicate B) 10ng/ED, 3.2Cw. 16 ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 2.9ng/ED, 0.9Cw. (Replicate B) 8.6ng/ED, 2.3Cw. 0.7 ND%

Mean ND 24%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during April – May 2007.

Diuron: Replicates 16 Apr 19ng/L, 23 Apr 72ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 45ng/L

Simazine: Replicates 16 Apr 61ng/L, 23 Apr 71ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 66ng/L

Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 8.3ng/L, 23 Apr 22ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 15ng/L

Desethyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr 13ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 6.5ng/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 3.7ng/L, 23 Apr 11ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 7.3ng/L

Hexazinone: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr 2.7ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 1.3ng/L

Ametryn: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during April – May 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 82ng/L (Replicate A), 83ng/L (Replicate B)

Propazine: <10ng/L (Replicate A), <10ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: 14ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), 0.8ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 15ng/L (Replicate A), 16ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1g/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Rotenone: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 8.3%

Deployment period four; July – August 2007
The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in July – August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: 22ng/L (Replicate A), 31ng/L (Replicate B)

Simazine: 41ng/L (Replicate A), 50ng/L (Replicate B)

Atrazine: 9.8ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Desethyl Atrazine: 3.2ng/L (Replicate A), 4.8ng/L (Replicate B)

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 8.5ng/L (Replicate A), 8.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Hexazinone: <1ng/L (Replicate A), 0.3ng/L (Replicate B)

Tebuthiuron: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during July – August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Pendimethalin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Methidathion: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 9ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 13ng/L (Replicate A), 13ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 10

1964/5: Bamawm Drain Weed Control. Pesticide: Amitrole

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

Details of Testing and Results

1964/5 Forty seven samples (including one standard) were submitted for analysis in this season.

One sample from the Deakin Drain gave a just detectable result of (0.03ppm) and one sample from the Bamawm drain contained 0.1ppm. This was taken just downstream of the spray team.

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

Details of Testing and Results

1964/5 Forty seven samples (including one standard) were submitted for analysis in this season.

One sample from the Deakin Drain gave a just detectable result of (0.03ppm) and one sample from the Bamawm drain contained 0.1ppm. This was taken just downstream of the spray team.

1964/5: Deakin Drain (Vic). Aquatic Weed Control. Pesticide: Amitrole

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

Details of Testing and Results

1964/5 Forty seven samples (including one standard) were submitted for analysis in this season.

One sample from the Deakin Drain gave a just detectable result of (0.03ppm) and one sample from the Bamawm drain contained 0.1ppm. This was taken just downstream of the spray team.

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

Details of Testing and Results

1964/5 Forty seven samples (including one standard) were submitted for analysis in this season.

One sample from the Deakin Drain gave a just detectable result of (0.03ppm) and one sample from the Bamawm drain contained 0.1ppm. This was taken just downstream of the spray team.

1961 March: Tongala (Vic). Weed Control in Drains. Pesticide: Amitrole – highest level 19,500ug/L

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

Details of Testing and Results

1961. In the period 14/3/61 - 23/3/61 various formulations (Weedazol 50, Weedazol Total, Weedazol T1) were applied to water couch in 12 miles of drains at Tongala, and 77 samples were taken from drains to indicate the pattern and extent of contamination. Flow velocities in the drains varied from 0 - 0.9 MPH. Sampling at the outfall of this system gave a maximum of 0.70 p.p.m., but a more representative figure would be 0.30 p.p.m.

Samples taken 100 yards - 3/4 mile downstream of operating spray teams showed levels in the range of 0 - 19.5 p.p.m. The average contamination level was 0.25 p.p.m., representing 20% of applied material. There was no indication of reduction of contamination with distance downstream, or any consistent loss of activity with storage over three months...

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

Details of Testing and Results

1961. In the period 14/3/61 – 23/3/61 various formulations (Weedazol 50, Weedazol Total, Weedazol T1) were applied to water couch in 12 miles of drains at Tongala, and 77 samples were taken from drains to indicate the pattern and extent of contamination. Flow velocities in the drains varied from 0 – 0.9 MPH. Sampling at the outfall of this system gave a maximum of 0.70 p.p.m., but a more representative figure would be 0.30 p.p.m.

Samples taken 100 yards – 3/4 mile downstream of operating spray teams showed levels in the range of 0 – 19.5 p.p.m. The average contamination level was 0.25 p.p.m., representing 20% of applied material. There was no indication of reduction of contamination with distance downstream, or any consistent loss of activity with storage over three months…

1961 – 1966: Ovens River, Myrtleford. Fish Kill. Tobacco Growing Area

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Spillage Arising from Mixing of Spray

Tobacco Growing Area - Ovens River.

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Spillage Arising from Mixing of Spray

Tobacco Growing Area – Ovens River.

1961 – 1966: Ovens River, Ovens. Fish Kill. Tobacco Growing Area

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill. Run Off Due Aerial Spraying

Tobacco Growing Area - Ovens River.

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill. Run Off Due Aerial Spraying

Tobacco Growing Area – Ovens River.

1961 – 1966: Morses Creek (Vic). Fish Kill. Tobacco Growing Area

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill. Run Off Due to Rain

Tobacco Growing Area - Morses Creek.

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill. Run Off Due to Rain

Tobacco Growing Area – Morses Creek.

1961 – 1966: Barwidgee Creek (Vic). Fish Kill. Tobacco Growing Area

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill. Barwidgee Creek - Tobacco Growing Area

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill. Barwidgee Creek – Tobacco Growing Area

1961 – 1966: Dandongadale River (Vic). Fish Kill. Tobacco Growing Area

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill

Tobacco Growing Area - Dandongadale River.

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill

Tobacco Growing Area – Dandongadale River.

1961 – 1966: Whitlands (Vic) Boggy Creek. Fish Kill. Tobacco Growing Area

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill. Whitlands

Tobacco Growing Area - Boggy Creek. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Aerial Spraying. Whitlands

Tobacco Growing Area – Boggy Creek. Tobacco Growing Area.

1961 – 1966: King Valley (King River). Fish Kill. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Aerial Spraying. King Valley

Tobacco Growing Area - King River. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Aerial Spraying. King Valley

Tobacco Growing Area – King River. Tobacco Growing Area.

1961 – 1966: Upper Edi (Vic). King River Fish Kill. Tobacco Growing Area

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Aerial Spraying. Upper Edi

Tobacco Growing Area - King River. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Aerial Spraying. Upper Edi

Tobacco Growing Area – King River. Tobacco Growing Area.

1961 – 1966: Whitfield (Vic). King River Fisk Kill. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Aerial Spraying. Whitfield

Tobacco Growing Area - King River. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Aerial Spraying. Whitfield

Tobacco Growing Area – King River. Tobacco Growing Area.

1961 – 1966: Whitfield (Vic). King River Fish Kill. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Spillage Arising from Mixing of Spray. Whitfield

Tobacco Growing Area - King River. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Spillage Arising from Mixing of Spray. Whitfield

Tobacco Growing Area – King River. Tobacco Growing Area.

1961 – 1966: Whitfield (Vic). King River Fish Kill. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Spillage Arising from Mixing of Spray. Whitfield

Tobacco Growing Area - King River. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Spillage Arising from Mixing of Spray. Whitfield

Tobacco Growing Area – King River. Tobacco Growing Area.

1961 -1966: Whitfield (Vic). King River. Fish Kill. Tobacco Growing Area

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Super and Lindane Bag Washing. Whitfield

Tobacco Growing Area - King River. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Super and Lindane Bag Washing. Whitfield

Tobacco Growing Area – King River. Tobacco Growing Area.

1961 – 1966: Cheshunt (Vic). Stony Creek. Fish Kill. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Jet Spraying. Cheshunt

Tobacco Growing Area

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Jet Spraying. Cheshunt

Tobacco Growing Area – Stony Creek. Tobacco Growing Area.

1961 – 1966: Cheshunt (Vic) Stony Creek. Fish Kill. Tobacco Growing Area

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Spillage Arising from Mixing of Spray. Cheshunt. Stony Creek. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Spillage Arising from Mixing of Spray. Cheshunt. Stony Creek. Tobacco Growing Area.

1961 -1966: King River near Cheshunt (Vic). Fish Kill. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Aerial Spraying. Cheshunt. King River. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Aerial Spraying. Cheshunt South. King River. Tobacco Growing Area.

1961 – 1966: Fifteen Mile Creek (Vic). Fish Kill. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Boom Spraying. (Myrrhee Victoria - Fifteen Mile Creek). Fifteen Mile Creek. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Boom Spraying. Fifteen Mile Creek. Tobacco Growing Area.

1961 – 1966: Yarrarbulla Creek, (Vic). Fish Kill. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Spilling Arising from Mixing of Spray. Yarrabulla Creek. Tobacco Growing Area

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to Spilling Arising from Mixing of Spray. Yarrabulla Creek. Tobacco Growing Area

1961 – 1966: Merriang South (Vic) Fish Kill – Buffalo River

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to boom spraying and Empty Containers. Buffalo River near Merriang South. Tobacco Growing Area

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to boom spraying and Empty Containers. Buffalo River near Merriang South. Tobacco Growing Area

1961 – 1966: Merriang South (Vic) Buffalo River. Fish Kill due to aerial spraying.

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to aerial spraying. Buffalo River Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to aerial spraying. Buffalo River Tobacco Growing Area.

1961 – 1966: Gapsted Ovens River. Fish Kill. Tobacco Growing Area

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to aerial spraying. Ovens River near Gapsted. Tobacco Growing Area

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to aerial spraying. Ovens River near Gapsted. Tobacco Growing Area

1961-1966: Fish Kill Ovens River. Tobacco Growing Area.

From Document entitled, "Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 - Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to aerial spraying. Ovens River near Everton. Tobacco Growing Area

From Document entitled, “Known Fish Kills, and Assessed Causes Since 1961 – Appendix 1

Presented at Victorian Pesticides Enquiry 1966.

Fish Kill due to aerial spraying. Ovens River near Everton. Tobacco Growing Area.

1966: Whitfield and surrounds (Vic). Fish Kills

Wangaratta fisherman, ***, said he had used a pressure pack insect spray to clear mosquitoes from a van in which he and a friend were camping in 1963.

They immediately became ill and vomited for two hours.

*** said he had seen a large quantity of dead minnows and carp taken from a lagoon near Myrtleford after an aircraft had passed over on a spraying run.

Near Whitfield, he had found 12 small trout dead in the King River after a storm.

A nearby farmer had told him that 10 days before he had sprayed blackberries on the bank, and had agreed that the rain had probably washed the poison into the stream.

Wangaratta Fly Fishing Club president, ***, said there appeared to have been a general decline in the sizes of rainbow trout taken from the King river in recent years...

***, said his theory was pesticides used in the area caused a slow poisoning of fish, both directly and through poisoned insects on which they fed.

He said that as a fisherman and not a naturalist he had also observed over the past eight years a decline in bird life along the Ovens, King and nearby streams...

Newspaper Article 1966. (Victorian Pesticide Inquiry)

Wangaratta fisherman, ***, said he had used a pressure pack insect spray to clear mosquitoes from a van in which he and a friend were camping in 1963.

They immediately became ill and vomited for two hours.

*** said he had seen a large quantity of dead minnows and carp taken from a lagoon near Myrtleford after an aircraft had passed over on a spraying run.

Near Whitfield, he had found 12 small trout dead in the King River after a storm.

A nearby farmer had told him that 10 days before he had sprayed blackberries on the bank, and had agreed that the rain had probably washed the poison into the stream.

Wangaratta Fly Fishing Club president, ***, said there appeared to have been a general decline in the sizes of rainbow trout taken from the King river in recent years…

***, said his theory was pesticides used in the area caused a slow poisoning of fish, both directly and through poisoned insects on which they fed.

He said that as a fisherman and not a naturalist he had also observed over the past eight years a decline in bird life along the Ovens, King and nearby streams…

Newspaper Article 1966. (Victorian Pesticide Inquiry)

1965 February: Myrtleford Region – Ovens River. Spray drift, water pollution.

Mr *** of Myrtleford, told how fish deaths in the district had been reported within 24 hours of aerial spraying in February 1965.

A total of 17 reports had later come in from areas where aircraft had operated.

In one case, 400 dead fish had been counted.

In a personal investigation he had counted 21 dead fish in three-quarters of a mile of river alongside tobcacco which had been air-sprayed.

Ïn wading up this water no sign of any aquatic life was seen"

"Immediately above the area sprayed there were many fish, nymphs and aquatic life and fish were rising to surface insects"."

Ït was the most conclusive thing I had seen."

Mr Robbins said he had been told that spray had been found on the windows of a house on ground a mile from a tobacco crop sprayed from the air.

In another case, two people bathing in the Ovens river had been covered with spray.

Mr Robbins claimed aerial spraying was a major cause of stream contamination in the tobacco growing districts, causing the loss of fish and fish food.

Newspaper Article 1966. (Victorian Pesticide Inquiry)

Mr *** of Myrtleford, told how fish deaths in the district had been reported within 24 hours of aerial spraying in February 1965.

A total of 17 reports had later come in from areas where aircraft had operated.

In one case, 400 dead fish had been counted.

In a personal investigation he had counted 21 dead fish in three-quarters of a mile of river alongside tobacco which had been air-sprayed.

“In wading up this water no sign of any aquatic life was seen”

“Immediately above the area sprayed there were many fish, nymphs and aquatic life and fish were rising to surface insects”.”

“It was the most conclusive thing I had seen.”

Mr Robbins said he had been told that spray had been found on the windows of a house on ground a mile from a tobacco crop sprayed from the air.

In another case, two people bathing in the Ovens river had been covered with spray.

Mr Robbins claimed aerial spraying was a major cause of stream contamination in the tobacco growing districts, causing the loss of fish and fish food.

Newspaper Article 1966. (Victorian Pesticide Inquiry)

1960’s: King River (Vic). Fish Kills from aerial spraying.

***, himself a tobacco grower, said he had received many reports of fish deaths after aerial spraying in the King Valley.

Sometimes aircraft continued to spray as they crossed the river. Sometimes spray dripped from the pipes for periods after the pilot cut off the flow.

Newspaper Article 1966. (Victorian Pesticide Inquiry)

***, himself a tobacco grower, said he had received many reports of fish deaths after aerial spraying in the King Valley.

Sometimes aircraft continued to spray as they crossed the river. Sometimes spray dripped from the pipes for periods after the pilot cut off the flow.

Newspaper Article 1966. (Victorian Pesticide Inquiry)

1960 December + 1963: Myrtle Creek Myrtleford Fish Kill. Pesticide: DDT

In December 1960, fish died in the Myrtle Creek, Myrtleford, after boom-spraying of tobacco nearby with DDT...

Wodonga fisheries officer, ***, quoted another case on the Myrtle Creek in 1963 when a flash flood had lifted a tin of poison from a normally safe place.

The tin had leaked and dead fish were found.

Newspaper Article 1966. (Victorian Pesticide Inquiry)

In December 1960, fish died in the Myrtle Creek, Myrtleford, after boom-spraying of tobacco nearby with DDT…

Wodonga fisheries officer, ***, quoted another case on the Myrtle Creek in 1963 when a flash flood had lifted a tin of poison from a normally safe place.

The tin had leaked and dead fish were found.

Newspaper Article 1966. (Victorian Pesticide Inquiry)

1961 January: Yellow Creek (Vic) Fish Kill.

In January 1961, a cow had died and fish had been found dead in Yellow Creek, near Wangaratta, after air spraying of tobacco.

Newspaper Article 1966. (Victorian Pesticide Inquiry)

In January 1961, a cow had died and fish had been found dead in Yellow Creek, near Wangaratta, after air spraying of tobacco.

Newspaper Article 1966. (Victorian Pesticide Inquiry)

2007 January – 2007 August: Helena River (WA). Pesticides: Multiple

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Helena River, WA

Deployment period two; January - February 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 44ng/ED, 12Cw. (Replicate B) 40ng/ED, 11Cw. 9.5 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 19ng/ED, 5.1Cw. (Replicate B) 18ng/ED, 4.7Cw. 5.4 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 5ng/ED, 1.4Cw. (Replicate B) 2.1ng/ED, 0.6Cw. 83 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 6.7ng/ED, 1.8Cw. (Replicate B) 6.3ng/ED, 1.7Cw. 5.3 ND%

Ametryn: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) 2.5ng/ED, 0.7Cw. - %

Mean ND 26%

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-butyl: 8ng/L (Replicate A), 13ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 63ng/L (Replicate A), 54ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbuthylazine: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3 (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 0.2ng/L (Replicate A), 0.2ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 2ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND%: 21

Deployment period three; April - May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 72ng/ED, 23Cw. (Replicate B) 61ng/ED, 19Cw. 16.9 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 110ng/ED, 36Cw. (Replicate B) 110ng/ED, 36Cw. 1.2 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 15ng/ED, 4.9Cw. (Replicate B) 19ng/ED, 6.1Cw. 21 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, 0.3Cw. - ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 7.7ng/ED, 2.5Cw. (Replicate B) 10ng/ED, 3.2Cw. 26 ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 3.1ng/ED, 1.0Cw. (Replicate B) 4.6ng/ED, 1.5Cw. 39 ND%

Mean ND 21%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during April - May 2007.

Diuron: Replicates 16 Apr 39ng/L, 23 Apr 54ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 46ng/L

Simazine: Replicates 16 Apr 90ng/L, 23 Apr 43ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 66ng/L

Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 8.3ng/L, 23 Apr 5.1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 6.7ng/L

Desethyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 9.2ng/L, 23 Apr 7.1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 8.1ng/L

Hexazinone: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr 1.8ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Ametryn: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during April - May 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 0.9ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 121ng/L (Replicate A), 114ng/L (Replicate B)

Propazine: <10ng/L (Replicate A), <10ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 15ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Rotenone: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 16%

Deployment period four; July - August 2007
The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in July - August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: 16ng/L (Replicate A), 11ng/L (Replicate B)

Simazine: 150ng/L (Replicate A), 110ng/L (Replicate B)

Atrazine: 17ng/L (Replicate A), 14ng/L (Replicate B)

Desethyl Atrazine: 2.1ng/L (Replicate A), 1.9ng/L (Replicate B)

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 8.3ng/L (Replicate A), 9.1ng/L (Replicate B)

Hexazinone: 3.7ng/L (Replicate A), 2.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Tebuthiuron: 0.3ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during July - August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 21ng/L (Replicate A), 19ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 5ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: 11ng/L (Replicate A), 8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Pendimethalin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Methidathion: 102ng/L (Replicate A), 100ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 5ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 9ng/L (Replicate A), 8ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 10

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Helena River, WA

Deployment period two; January – February 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 44ng/ED, 12Cw. (Replicate B) 40ng/ED, 11Cw. 9.5 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 19ng/ED, 5.1Cw. (Replicate B) 18ng/ED, 4.7Cw. 5.4 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 5ng/ED, 1.4Cw. (Replicate B) 2.1ng/ED, 0.6Cw. 83 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 6.7ng/ED, 1.8Cw. (Replicate B) 6.3ng/ED, 1.7Cw. 5.3 ND%

Ametryn: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) 2.5ng/ED, 0.7Cw. – %

Mean ND 26%

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-butyl: 8ng/L (Replicate A), 13ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 63ng/L (Replicate A), 54ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbuthylazine: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3 (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 0.2ng/L (Replicate A), 0.2ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 2ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND%: 21

Deployment period three; April – May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 72ng/ED, 23Cw. (Replicate B) 61ng/ED, 19Cw. 16.9 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 110ng/ED, 36Cw. (Replicate B) 110ng/ED, 36Cw. 1.2 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 15ng/ED, 4.9Cw. (Replicate B) 19ng/ED, 6.1Cw. 21 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, 0.3Cw. – ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 7.7ng/ED, 2.5Cw. (Replicate B) 10ng/ED, 3.2Cw. 26 ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 3.1ng/ED, 1.0Cw. (Replicate B) 4.6ng/ED, 1.5Cw. 39 ND%

Mean ND 21%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during April – May 2007.

Diuron: Replicates 16 Apr 39ng/L, 23 Apr 54ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 46ng/L

Simazine: Replicates 16 Apr 90ng/L, 23 Apr 43ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 66ng/L

Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 8.3ng/L, 23 Apr 5.1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 6.7ng/L

Desethyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 9.2ng/L, 23 Apr 7.1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 8.1ng/L

Hexazinone: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr 1.8ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Ametryn: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during April – May 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 0.9ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 121ng/L (Replicate A), 114ng/L (Replicate B)

Propazine: <10ng/L (Replicate A), <10ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 15ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Rotenone: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 16%

Deployment period four; July – August 2007
The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in July – August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: 16ng/L (Replicate A), 11ng/L (Replicate B)

Simazine: 150ng/L (Replicate A), 110ng/L (Replicate B)

Atrazine: 17ng/L (Replicate A), 14ng/L (Replicate B)

Desethyl Atrazine: 2.1ng/L (Replicate A), 1.9ng/L (Replicate B)

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 8.3ng/L (Replicate A), 9.1ng/L (Replicate B)

Hexazinone: 3.7ng/L (Replicate A), 2.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Tebuthiuron: 0.3ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during July – August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 21ng/L (Replicate A), 19ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 5ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: 11ng/L (Replicate A), 8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Pendimethalin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Methidathion: 102ng/L (Replicate A), 100ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 5ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 9ng/L (Replicate A), 8ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 10

2006 September – 2006 October: Ellen Brook, Henley Brook (WA). Pesticides: Chlorpyrifos, Metolachlor, Diuron, Simazine, Atrazine

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Ellen Brook, Henley Brook WA

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from the accumulation in PDMS strips deployed during September- October 2006.

Phosphate tri-n-butyl: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L ( Replicate A), <3ng/L ( Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 1ng/L ( Replicate A), 1ng/L ( Replicate B)

Fenitrothion: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: 9ng/L (Replicate A), 10ng/L (Replicate B)

Heptachlor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chordane trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), 0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND% 14

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during September - October 2006.

Diuron: 1.5ng/L

Simazine: 7.5ng/L

Atrazine: 5.5ng/L

Hexazinone: <1ng/L

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Ellen Brook, Henley Brook WA

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from the accumulation in PDMS strips deployed during September- October 2006.

Phosphate tri-n-butyl: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L ( Replicate A), <3ng/L ( Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 1ng/L ( Replicate A), 1ng/L ( Replicate B)

Fenitrothion: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: 9ng/L (Replicate A), 10ng/L (Replicate B)

Heptachlor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chordane trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), 0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND% 14

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during September – October 2006.

Diuron: 1.5ng/L

Simazine: 7.5ng/L

Atrazine: 5.5ng/L

Hexazinone: <1ng/L

2006 October – August 2007: Bennett Brook, Caversham (WA). Pesticides Multiple

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Bennett Brook, Caversham WA

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from the accumulation in PDMS strips deployed during September- October 2006.

Phosphate tri-n-butyl: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L ( Replicate A), <3ng/L ( Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 2ng/L ( Replicate A), 2ng/L ( Replicate B)

Fenitrothion: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <7ng/L (Replicate A), <7ng/L (Replicate B)

Heptachlor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chordane trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 0.9ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 1.4ng/L (Replicate A), 1.3ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 11ng/L (Replicate A), 13ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 6%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during September - October 2006.

Diuron: 8.1ng/L

Simazine: 55ng/L

Atrazine: <1ng/L

Hexazinone: <1ng/L

Deployment period two; January - February 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 5ng/ED, 1.3Cw. (Replicate B) 4.8ng/ED, 1.3Cw. 3.5 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 5.6ng/ED, 1.5Cw. (Replicate B) 5.3ng/ED, 1.4Cw. 5.1 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) 4.2ng/ED, 1.1Cw. - ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Ametryn: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) 15ng/ED, 0.4Cw. - %

Mean ND -%

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-butyl: 1ng/L (Replicate A)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A)

Terbuthylazine: <8ng/L (Replicate A)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A)

Chlorpyrifos: 0.2ng/L (Replicate A)

Chlordane Trans: 0.1ng/L (Replicate A)

Dieldrin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A)

Mean ND%:

Deployment period three; April - May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 170ng/ED, 55Cw. (Replicate B) 170ng/ED, 55Cw. 1.2 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 96ng/ED, 30Cw. (Replicate B) 92ng/ED, 29Cw. 4.1 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 3ng/ED, 1Cw. (Replicate B) 3.5ng/ED, 1.1Cw. 12 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, 0.3Cw. - ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, 0.3Cw. - ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, 0.3Cw. - ND%

Mean ND 6%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during April - May 2007.

Diuron: Replicates 16 Apr 5.1ng/L, 23 Apr 1.7ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 3.4ng/L

Simazine: Replicates 16 Apr 15ng/L, 23 Apr 1.9ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 8.4ng/L

Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Desethyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Hexazinone: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Ametryn: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during April - May 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 10ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Propazine: <10ng/L (Replicate A), <10ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Rotenone: present (Replicate A), present (Replicate B)

Mean ND 10%

Deployment period four; July - August 2007
The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in July - August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: 10ng/L (Replicate A), 9.3ng/L (Replicate B)

Simazine: 410ng/L (Replicate A), 380ng/L (Replicate B)

Atrazine: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3.2ng/L (Replicate B)

Desethyl Atrazine: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 9.8ng/L (Replicate A), 11ng/L (Replicate B)

Hexazinone: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Tebuthiuron: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during July - August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Pendimethalin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Methidathion: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 7

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Bennett Brook, Caversham WA

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from the accumulation in PDMS strips deployed during September- October 2006.

Phosphate tri-n-butyl: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L ( Replicate A), <3ng/L ( Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 2ng/L ( Replicate A), 2ng/L ( Replicate B)

Fenitrothion: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <7ng/L (Replicate A), <7ng/L (Replicate B)

Heptachlor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chordane trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: 0.9ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 1.4ng/L (Replicate A), 1.3ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 11ng/L (Replicate A), 13ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 6%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during September – October 2006.

Diuron: 8.1ng/L

Simazine: 55ng/L

Atrazine: <1ng/L

Hexazinone: <1ng/L

Deployment period two; January – February 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 5ng/ED, 1.3Cw. (Replicate B) 4.8ng/ED, 1.3Cw. 3.5 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 5.6ng/ED, 1.5Cw. (Replicate B) 5.3ng/ED, 1.4Cw. 5.1 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) 4.2ng/ED, 1.1Cw. – ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Ametryn: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) 15ng/ED, 0.4Cw. – %

Mean ND -%

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-butyl: 1ng/L (Replicate A)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A)

Terbuthylazine: <8ng/L (Replicate A)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A)

Chlorpyrifos: 0.2ng/L (Replicate A)

Chlordane Trans: 0.1ng/L (Replicate A)

Dieldrin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A)

Mean ND%:

Deployment period three; April – May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 170ng/ED, 55Cw. (Replicate B) 170ng/ED, 55Cw. 1.2 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 96ng/ED, 30Cw. (Replicate B) 92ng/ED, 29Cw. 4.1 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 3ng/ED, 1Cw. (Replicate B) 3.5ng/ED, 1.1Cw. 12 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, 0.3Cw. – ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, 0.3Cw. – ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, 0.3Cw. – ND%

Mean ND 6%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during April – May 2007.

Diuron: Replicates 16 Apr 5.1ng/L, 23 Apr 1.7ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 3.4ng/L

Simazine: Replicates 16 Apr 15ng/L, 23 Apr 1.9ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 8.4ng/L

Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Desethyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Hexazinone: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Ametryn: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during April – May 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 10ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Propazine: <10ng/L (Replicate A), <10ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Rotenone: present (Replicate A), present (Replicate B)

Mean ND 10%

Deployment period four; July – August 2007
The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in July – August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: 10ng/L (Replicate A), 9.3ng/L (Replicate B)

Simazine: 410ng/L (Replicate A), 380ng/L (Replicate B)

Atrazine: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3.2ng/L (Replicate B)

Desethyl Atrazine: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 9.8ng/L (Replicate A), 11ng/L (Replicate B)

Hexazinone: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Tebuthiuron: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during July – August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Pendimethalin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Methidathion: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 7

2006 September – 2007 August: Bayswater Main Drain (WA). Pesticides: Multiple

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Bayswater Main Drain, Bayswater WA

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from the accumulation in PDMS strips deployed during September- October 2006.

Phosphate tri-n-butyl: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L ( Replicate A), <3ng/L ( Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 2ng/L ( Replicate A), 2ng/L ( Replicate B)

Fenitrothion: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <7ng/L (Replicate A), <7ng/L (Replicate B)

Heptachlor Epoxide: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chordane trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 0.6ng/L (Replicate A), 0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during September - October 2006.

Diuron: 44ng/L

Simazine: 52ng/L

Atrazine: 3.3ng/L

Hexazinone 4.9ng/L

Deployment period two; January - February 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 43ng/ED, 12Cw. (Replicate B) 27 ng/ED, 7.1Cw. 46 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 130ng/ED, 35Cw. (Replicate B) 66ng/ED, 18Cw. 65 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 150ng/ED, 41Cw. (Replicate B) 66ng/ED, 18Cw. 78 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 3.7ng/ED, 1Cw. (Replicate B) 2.7ng/ED, 0.7Cw. 30 ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 5.4ng/ED, 1.4Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. - ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 10ng/ED, 2.8Cw. (Replicate B) 9.9ng/ED, 2.7Cw. 1.2 ND%

Ametryn: (Replicate A) 1.9ng/ED, 0.5Cw. (Replicate B) 3.1ng/ED, 0.8Cw. 46 ND%

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-butyl: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbuthylazine: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), 8ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 0.8ng/L (Replicate A), 0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 0.3ng/L (Replicate A), 0.3ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND%: 24

Deployment period three; April - May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January - February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 490ng/ED, 155Cw. (Replicate B) 360ng/ED, 114Cw. 30.1 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 150ng/ED, 46Cw. (Replicate B) 110ng/ED, 35Cw. 27 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 1040ng/ED, 333Cw. (Replicate B) 760ng/ED, 244Cw. 30 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 13ng/ED, 4.3Cw. (Replicate B) 9.6ng/ED, 3.1Cw. 32 ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 17ng/ED, 5.4Cw. (Replicate B) 16ng/ED, 5.4Cw. 1 ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 12ng/ED, 4Cw. (Replicate B) 8.6ng/ED, 2.7Cw. 1.2 ND%

Mean ND 26%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during April - May 2007.

Diuron: Replicates 16 Apr 630ng/L, 23 Apr 82ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 350ng/L

Simazine: Replicates 16 Apr 197ng/L, 23 Apr 5ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 101ng/L

Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 2900ng/L, 23 Apr 41ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 1470ng/L

Desethyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 26ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 26ng/L

Hexazinone: Replicates 16 Apr 0.8ng/L, 23 Apr 3.6ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 2.2ng/L

Ametryn: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during April - May 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 9ng/L (Replicate A), 8ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 24ng/L (Replicate A), 25ng/L (Replicate B)

Propazine: 25ng/L (Replicate A), 18ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: 81ng/L (Replicate A), 59ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 0.6ng/L (Replicate A), 0.6ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 12ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 15ng/L (Replicate A), 21ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: 0.9ng/L (Replicate A), 0.9ng/L (Replicate B)

Rotenone: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 14%

Deployment period four; July - August 2007
The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in July - August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: 27ng/L (Replicate A), 30ng/L (Replicate B)

Simazine: 37ng/L (Replicate A), 40ng/L (Replicate B)

Atrazine: 13ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Desethyl Atrazine: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 5.4ng/L (Replicate A), 5.6ng/L (Replicate B)

Hexazinone: 5.0ng/L (Replicate A), 5.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Tebuthiuron: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during July - August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 8ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 6ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: 10ng/L (Replicate A), 10ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Pendimethalin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Methidathion: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 8ng/L (Replicate A), 10ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 16ng/L (Replicate A), 13ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 16

 

 

A baseline study of organic contaminants in the Swan and Canning catchment drainage system using passive sampling devices. Government of Western Australia Department of Water. December 2009

Bayswater Main Drain, Bayswater WA

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from the accumulation in PDMS strips deployed during September- October 2006.

Phosphate tri-n-butyl: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L ( Replicate A), <3ng/L ( Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 2ng/L ( Replicate A), 2ng/L ( Replicate B)

Fenitrothion: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: <7ng/L (Replicate A), <7ng/L (Replicate B)

Heptachlor Epoxide: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chordane trans: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 0.6ng/L (Replicate A), 0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during September – October 2006.

Diuron: 44ng/L

Simazine: 52ng/L

Atrazine: 3.3ng/L

Hexazinone 4.9ng/L

Deployment period two; January – February 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 43ng/ED, 12Cw. (Replicate B) 27 ng/ED, 7.1Cw. 46 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 130ng/ED, 35Cw. (Replicate B) 66ng/ED, 18Cw. 65 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 150ng/ED, 41Cw. (Replicate B) 66ng/ED, 18Cw. 78 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 3.7ng/ED, 1Cw. (Replicate B) 2.7ng/ED, 0.7Cw. 30 ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 5.4ng/ED, 1.4Cw. (Replicate B) <1ng/ED, <0.3Cw. – ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 10ng/ED, 2.8Cw. (Replicate B) 9.9ng/ED, 2.7Cw. 1.2 ND%

Ametryn: (Replicate A) 1.9ng/ED, 0.5Cw. (Replicate B) 3.1ng/ED, 0.8Cw. 46 ND%

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-butyl: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: <6ng/L (Replicate A), <6ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbuthylazine: <8ng/L (Replicate A), <8ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), 8ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 0.8ng/L (Replicate A), 0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 0.3ng/L (Replicate A), 0.3ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND%: 24

Deployment period three; April – May 2007
The estimated concentration in water (CW) (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in January – February 2007 in sub-catchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: (Replicate A) 490ng/ED, 155Cw. (Replicate B) 360ng/ED, 114Cw. 30.1 ND%

Simazine: (Replicate A) 150ng/ED, 46Cw. (Replicate B) 110ng/ED, 35Cw. 27 ND%

Atrazine: (Replicate A) 1040ng/ED, 333Cw. (Replicate B) 760ng/ED, 244Cw. 30 ND%

Desethyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 13ng/ED, 4.3Cw. (Replicate B) 9.6ng/ED, 3.1Cw. 32 ND%

Desisopropyl Atrazine: (Replicate A) 17ng/ED, 5.4Cw. (Replicate B) 16ng/ED, 5.4Cw. 1 ND%

Hexazinone: (Replicate A) 12ng/ED, 4Cw. (Replicate B) 8.6ng/ED, 2.7Cw. 1.2 ND%

Mean ND 26%

The concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides, detected in snapshot water samples collected during April – May 2007.

Diuron: Replicates 16 Apr 630ng/L, 23 Apr 82ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 350ng/L

Simazine: Replicates 16 Apr 197ng/L, 23 Apr 5ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 101ng/L

Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 2900ng/L, 23 Apr 41ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 1470ng/L

Desethyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

Desisopropyl Atrazine: Replicates 16 Apr 26ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 26ng/L

Hexazinone: Replicates 16 Apr 0.8ng/L, 23 Apr 3.6ng/L. Mean 23 Apr 2.2ng/L

Ametryn: Replicates 16 Apr <1ng/L, 23 Apr <1ng/L. Mean 23 Apr <1ng/L

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during April – May 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 9ng/L (Replicate A), 8ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 24ng/L (Replicate A), 25ng/L (Replicate B)

Propazine: 25ng/L (Replicate A), 18ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 4ng/L (Replicate A), 4ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: 81ng/L (Replicate A), 59ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: 2ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 0.6ng/L (Replicate A), 0.6ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 12ng/L (Replicate A), 12ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: 3ng/L (Replicate A), 3ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: 5ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 15ng/L (Replicate A), 21ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: 0.9ng/L (Replicate A), 0.9ng/L (Replicate B)

Rotenone: <2ng/L (Replicate A), <2ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 14%

Deployment period four; July – August 2007
The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of herbicides predicted from ED passive samplers deployed in July – August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth. The sampling rates used 0.12 L/day.

Diuron: 27ng/L (Replicate A), 30ng/L (Replicate B)

Simazine: 37ng/L (Replicate A), 40ng/L (Replicate B)

Atrazine: 13ng/L (Replicate A), 6ng/L (Replicate B)

Desethyl Atrazine: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Desisopropyl Atrazine: 5.4ng/L (Replicate A), 5.6ng/L (Replicate B)

Hexazinone: 5.0ng/L (Replicate A), 5.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Tebuthiuron: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

The estimated concentration in water (ng/L) of insecticides predicted from PDMS passive samplers deployed during July – August 2007 in subcatchments near Perth.

Phosphate Tri-n-Butyl: 8ng/L (Replicate A), 9ng/L (Replicate B)

Trifluralin: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 2ng/L (Replicate B)

Diazinon: 6ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Triallate: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Terbutryn: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlorpyrifos: 7ng/L (Replicate A), 7ng/L (Replicate B)

Metolachlor: 10ng/L (Replicate A), 10ng/L (Replicate B)

Hepatchor Epoxide: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Pendimethalin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Chlordane Trans: 1ng/L (Replicate A), 1ng/L (Replicate B)

Methidathion: <30ng/L (Replicate A), <30ng/L (Replicate B)

Oxadiazon: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Dieldrin: 8ng/L (Replicate A), 10ng/L (Replicate B)

Piperonyl Butoxide: <0.5ng/L (Replicate A), <0.5ng/L (Replicate B)

Benalaxyl: <3ng/L (Replicate A), <3ng/L (Replicate B)

Propiconazole: 16ng/L (Replicate A), 13ng/L (Replicate B)

Bifenthrin: <1ng/L (Replicate A), <1ng/L (Replicate B)

Mean ND 16

 

 

1960 July: Mildura complain of SRWSC impacting on vines. Pesticide: 2,4-D

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

4th of July 1960

Chief Irrigation Officer ... issued Circular L.D.46 on the 29/12/59 setting out the precautions to be taken when using sprays, the types of sprays, quantity for the various species of weeds, and concluding with the statement that before using a channel after it had been sprayed, the channel was to be flushed out and the flushing water disposed of on pasture paddocks or wastelands, and not so as to reach the river systems or horticultural plantings.

The District Engineers considered this statement, put a complete stoppage to their winter spraying program because it would be almost impossible to prevent flushing water reaching a river system.

The reason for the insertion of the statement concerned has now been ascertained with certainty, but before *** left for overseas he informed me that last Summer there were some citrus growers in the Mildura region who claimed the loss of leaf from the trees was due to the Commission's use of chemicals spray on irrigation channels in the Goulburn-Murray District.

*** stated it was most unlikely the loss of leaf was due to the chemicals, but it more likely to have been caused by the heat wave experienced last summer. *** said that the amount of chemicals in the River Murray at Mildura was so infinitesimal as to be unmeasureable, but that the only way to convince the Mildura growers that chemicals were not the cause of their trouble was to keep all chemicals out of the river until the matter had been cleared up.

The amount of 2,4-D at Mildura, under the worst possible conditions, is estimated at 1 in 500,000,000 but the actual quantity would be considerably less...

Attached herewith is a statement produced by *** giving information on the estimated amount of pollution by 2,4-D. *** estimates the dilution of 1 in 200,000,000 assuming all the 2,4-D used appeared in the River Murray.

The quantities are so small and the dilution so great, that there is no risk of any damage being caused to citrus vines, or any other sort of production irrigated from the River Murray.

*** states that crops would not be harmed by an irrigation using water containing 20 p.p.m.

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

4th of July 1960

Chief Irrigation Officer … issued Circular L.D.46 on the 29/12/59 setting out the precautions to be taken when using sprays, the types of sprays, quantity for the various species of weeds, and concluding with the statement that before using a channel after it had been sprayed, the channel was to be flushed out and the flushing water disposed of on pasture paddocks or wastelands, and not so as to reach the river systems or horticultural plantings.

The District Engineers considered this statement, put a complete stoppage to their winter spraying program because it would be almost impossible to prevent flushing water reaching a river system.

The reason for the insertion of the statement concerned has now been ascertained with certainty, but before *** left for overseas he informed me that last Summer there were some citrus growers in the Mildura region who claimed the loss of leaf from the trees was due to the Commission’s use of chemicals spray on irrigation channels in the Goulburn-Murray District.

*** stated it was most unlikely the loss of leaf was due to the chemicals, but it more likely to have been caused by the heat wave experienced last summer. *** said that the amount of chemicals in the River Murray at Mildura was so infinitesimal as to be unmeasureable, but that the only way to convince the Mildura growers that chemicals were not the cause of their trouble was to keep all chemicals out of the river until the matter had been cleared up.

The amount of 2,4-D at Mildura, under the worst possible conditions, is estimated at 1 in 500,000,000 but the actual quantity would be considerably less…

Attached herewith is a statement produced by *** giving information on the estimated amount of pollution by 2,4-D. *** estimates the dilution of 1 in 200,000,000 assuming all the 2,4-D used appeared in the River Murray.

The quantities are so small and the dilution so great, that there is no risk of any damage being caused to citrus vines, or any other sort of production irrigated from the River Murray.

*** states that crops would not be harmed by an irrigation using water containing 20 p.p.m.

1962 December: Malmsbury Reservoir Spillway. Pesticides: Amitrole, Diquat, Paraquat

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

6th of December 1962

Weed control - Malmsbury Reservoir.

My memorandum to *** of 16th November gave recommendations for the control of weeds on the embankment, spillway and paths at Malmsbury Reservoir. After further consideration, I have some doubts about the wisdom of using Weedazol Total or any other Weedicide in the spillway.

I had assumed the first flow over the spillway after treatment would be in midwinter when there was no use of the Malmsbury pool for watering gardens. In actual fact however, a heavy rain soon after spraying could result in water moving over the spillway, even though there was no discharge through the gates, at a time when there was a considerable demand for water from the pool. In other words there is a possibility that the use of Weedazol Total in the spillway could cause damage to private gardens in Malmsbury. Its use should therefore be limited to the embankment.

As regards spray treatments using Diquat and Paraquat, you have already been advised of the withdrawal from use of these two chemicals in all areas. This will affect the recommendation concerning treatment of the paths and the follow-up spraying of the embankment.

Your requirements then as regards weedicides for Malmsbury are thus 60 lbs of Weedazol Total and 1/2 gallon of Plus 50 to be used on the embankment, preferably during December.

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

6th of December 1962

Weed control – Malmsbury Reservoir.

My memorandum to *** of 16th November gave recommendations for the control of weeds on the embankment, spillway and paths at Malmsbury Reservoir. After further consideration, I have some doubts about the wisdom of using Weedazol Total or any other Weedicide in the spillway.

I had assumed the first flow over the spillway after treatment would be in midwinter when there was no use of the Malmsbury pool for watering gardens. In actual fact however, a heavy rain soon after spraying could result in water moving over the spillway, even though there was no discharge through the gates, at a time when there was a considerable demand for water from the pool. In other words there is a possibility that the use of Weedazol Total in the spillway could cause damage to private gardens in Malmsbury. Its use should therefore be limited to the embankment.

As regards spray treatments using Diquat and Paraquat, you have already been advised of the withdrawal from use of these two chemicals in all areas. This will affect the recommendation concerning treatment of the paths and the follow-up spraying of the embankment.

Your requirements then as regards weedicides for Malmsbury are thus 60 lbs of Weedazol Total and 1/2 gallon of Plus 50 to be used on the embankment, preferably during December.

1965? Boggy Creek/Thompson River (Vic). Pesticides: Amitrole, Diuron

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

Increased use of Weedazol - Macalister Irrigation District

Present Position

At the present time, Weedazol is used in relatively small quantities in the Macalister Irrigation District to treat regrowth of water couch in drains, following the application of Karmex (diuron) during winter.

It is not used however in drains flowing into the Macalister or Thompson Rivers. The Macalister River supplies water to Maffra while the Thompson River supplies water to Sale. The Interdepartmental Committee on Pesticides did not favour the use of Weedazol in Gippsland where domestic Water supplies could be contaminated, because Gippsland is regarded as a goitre area.

The limit set by the Committee for water supplies elsewhere was 0.3 ppm of aminotriazole. The State Rivers and Water Supply Commission established a limit of 0.002 ppm to apply to its own operations wherever water was used for irrigation.

Proposal

The Committee's approval is sought for a proposal which would result in contamination of the Thompson and Macalister Rivers by aminotriazole between December and April each year. Spraying would be restricted so that the pollution level of aminotriazole does not exceed 0.002 ppm.

The area mainly concerned is Area "A" on the attached plan. Drains in this area flow into the Macalister River which has a controlled summer flow of about 200 cusecs. This would permit the use of some 30 gallons weekly of Weedazol TL i.e. 75 lbs of aminitriazole.

Drains in Area "B" flow into the Thompson River. Only a very limited amount of spraying would be possible in this area because of a small summer flow in the Thompson River.

The consumption of aminotriazole by persons in Maffra and Sale would be very small. Only 0.6 mgm would be consumed each year by a person who drank 2 litres of water daily during the spray period.

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

Increased use of Weedazol – Macalister Irrigation District

Present Position

At the present time, Weedazol is used in relatively small quantities in the Macalister Irrigation District to treat regrowth of water couch in drains, following the application of Karmex (diuron) during winter.

It is not used however in drains flowing into the Macalister or Thompson Rivers. The Macalister River supplies water to Maffra while the Thompson River supplies water to Sale. The Interdepartmental Committee on Pesticides did not favour the use of Weedazol in Gippsland where domestic Water supplies could be contaminated, because Gippsland is regarded as a goitre area.

The limit set by the Committee for water supplies elsewhere was 0.3 ppm of aminotriazole. The State Rivers and Water Supply Commission established a limit of 0.002 ppm to apply to its own operations wherever water was used for irrigation.

Proposal

The Committee’s approval is sought for a proposal which would result in contamination of the Thompson and Macalister Rivers by aminotriazole between December and April each year. Spraying would be restricted so that the pollution level of aminotriazole does not exceed 0.002 ppm.

The area mainly concerned is Area “A” on the attached plan. Drains in this area flow into the Macalister River which has a controlled summer flow of about 200 cusecs. This would permit the use of some 30 gallons weekly of Weedazol TL i.e. 75 lbs of aminitriazole.

Drains in Area “B” flow into the Thompson River. Only a very limited amount of spraying would be possible in this area because of a small summer flow in the Thompson River.

The consumption of aminotriazole by persons in Maffra and Sale would be very small. Only 0.6 mgm would be consumed each year by a person who drank 2 litres of water daily during the spray period.

1965?: Macalister River Weed Control. Pesticides: Amitrole, Diuron

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

Increased use of Weedazol - Macalister Irrigation District

Present Position

At the present time, Weedazol is used in relatively small quantities in the Macalister Irrigation District to treat regrowth of water couch in drains, following the application of Karmex (diuron) during winter.

It is not used however in drains flowing into the Macalister or Thompson Rivers. The Macalister River supplies water to Maffra while the Thompson River supplies water to Sale. The Interdepartmental Committee on Pesticides did not favour the use of Weedazol in Gippsland where domestic Water supplies could be contaminated, because Gippsland is regarded as a goitre area.

The limit set by the Committee for water supplies elsewhere was 0.3 ppm of aminotriazole. The State Rivers and Water Supply Commission established a limit of 0.002 ppm to apply to its own operations wherever water was used for irrigation.

Proposal

The Committee's approval is sought for a proposal which would result in contamination of the Thompson and Macalister Rivers by aminotriazole between December and April each year. Spraying would be restricted so that the pollution level of aminotriazole does not exceed 0.002 ppm.

The area mainly concerned is Area "A" on the attached plan. Drains in this area flow into the Macalister River which has a controlled summer flow of about 200 cusecs. This would permit the use of some 30 gallons weekly of Weedazol TL i.e. 75 lbs of aminitriazole.

Drains in Area "B" flow into the Thompson River. Only a very limited amount of spraying would be possible in this area because of a small summer flow in the Thompson River.

The consumption of aminotriazole by persons in Maffra and Sale would be very small. Only 0.6 mgm would be consumed each year by a person who drank 2 litres of water daily during the spray period.

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

Increased use of Weedazol – Macalister Irrigation District

Present Position

At the present time, Weedazol is used in relatively small quantities in the Macalister Irrigation District to treat regrowth of water couch in drains, following the application of Karmex (diuron) during winter.

It is not used however in drains flowing into the Macalister or Thompson Rivers. The Macalister River supplies water to Maffra while the Thompson River supplies water to Sale. The Interdepartmental Committee on Pesticides did not favour the use of Weedazol in Gippsland where domestic Water supplies could be contaminated, because Gippsland is regarded as a goitre area.

The limit set by the Committee for water supplies elsewhere was 0.3 ppm of aminotriazole. The State Rivers and Water Supply Commission established a limit of 0.002 ppm to apply to its own operations wherever water was used for irrigation.

Proposal

The Committee’s approval is sought for a proposal which would result in contamination of the Thompson and Macalister Rivers by aminotriazole between December and April each year. Spraying would be restricted so that the pollution level of aminotriazole does not exceed 0.002 ppm.

The area mainly concerned is Area “A” on the attached plan. Drains in this area flow into the Macalister River which has a controlled summer flow of about 200 cusecs. This would permit the use of some 30 gallons weekly of Weedazol TL i.e. 75 lbs of aminitriazole.

Drains in Area “B” flow into the Thompson River. Only a very limited amount of spraying would be possible in this area because of a small summer flow in the Thompson River.

The consumption of aminotriazole by persons in Maffra and Sale would be very small. Only 0.6 mgm would be consumed each year by a person who drank 2 litres of water daily during the spray period.

1981 November: Numurkah. Pesticide: Acrolein

10 November 1981

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

Regulations Applying to the use of Acrolein

It was bought to my attention Friday evening (6th November), By Works Inspector *** (Nathalia) that a drum of acrolein in the Numurkah store was considered to be in an unsafe condition. I later learnt that the drum had been opened some eight days previously and part of the contents used in a channel injection.

... The drum exhibited signs of swelling, indicative of a build up of pressure with creases occurring on the top of the drum. It was considered that the contents of the drum be disposed of immediately.

Regulations applying to the use of Acrolein.

Section V4 of the Weed Control Operating Instructions..., clearly states that an opened drum, provided it is blanketed by nitrogen, may only be kept for a maximum of 3 days. This is not only the Commission's policy but also that of the manufacturers of acrolein...

10 November 1981

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

Regulations Applying to the use of Acrolein

It was bought to my attention Friday evening (6th November), By Works Inspector *** (Nathalia) that a drum of acrolein in the Numurkah store was considered to be in an unsafe condition. I later learnt that the drum had been opened some eight days previously and part of the contents used in a channel injection.

… The drum exhibited signs of swelling, indicative of a build up of pressure with creases occurring on the top of the drum. It was considered that the contents of the drum be disposed of immediately.

Regulations applying to the use of Acrolein.

Section V4 of the Weed Control Operating Instructions…, clearly states that an opened drum, provided it is blanketed by nitrogen, may only be kept for a maximum of 3 days. This is not only the Commission’s policy but also that of the manufacturers of acrolein…

1983 December: Greensborough possible miscarriages. Pesticide: 2,4,5-T

The Age 14 December 1983

Ban moves towards and end to 2,4,5-T

State Government departments have been banned from using the herbicide 2,4,5-T in built-up areas or on open land near residential areas throughout Victoria...

The Government's limited ban follows recent claims by three Greensborough women that the use of 2,4,5-T close to their homes may have caused their miscarriages.

The Age 14 December 1983

Ban moves towards and end to 2,4,5-T

State Government departments have been banned from using the herbicide 2,4,5-T in built-up areas or on open land near residential areas throughout Victoria…

The Government’s limited ban follows recent claims by three Greensborough women that the use of 2,4,5-T close to their homes may have caused their miscarriages.

1984 February: Boort area (Vic) Fish Kill. Pesticide: Fenvalerate

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission February 5 1984

I inspected the No.2 and the 2/2 with *** and *** on Monday 9th January, 1984.

Dead Fish were found in Allotment 9 and on the No.2 channel down to the Lake Neran outfall. At every bridge over the channel dead fish could be observed floating at the margin of the channel.

While inspecting the channels, we spoke to two of the tomato growers. Both *** and *** were extremely candid about what pesticides had been used on their tomatoes and I subsequently contacted the aerial spray contractor, *** of Elmore. He gave me the following information I had been given by the tomato growers.

Sumicidin (Fenvalerate), Kocide (Copper Oxychloride), Dithane, Endosulfan.

Detection of Dead Fish

The supervision water bailiffs on the No. 2 Channel first noticed distressed fish at noon on Wednesday 4th January, 1984. By the following day, Thursday, many dead fish were floating in the water and no distressed fish were observed.

On Friday 6th January, 1984, a number of dead fish were removed by Commission workers after a local landholder had expressed concern about the dead fish and the possible detrimental affect on water for domestic supply.

Initially I suspected endosulfan as the cause of the fish kill but according to the growers and the spraying contractor, endosulfan was only used adjacent to the 2/2 channel. It is worth noting that the 2/2 channel was treated with acrolein some two weeks prior to the aerial spraying so very few live fish would have been present.

However, it has been reported to me by one of the markers to the spraying contractors noticed one small fish in the 2/2 was distressed after Allotment 53 was sprayed with endosupfan, fenvalerate and kocide on the 4th January 1984.

The most toxic material used near the No.2 channel was fenvalerate. Therefore at this stage, without any residue data to support any conclusions it appears that the fish in the No.2 channel were killed by inadvertent drift of fenvalerate from the aerial spraying of tomatoes in Allotments 45, 10, 9 and 8 C.

It is inevitable that some chemical will drift from any type of spraying operations but the disturbing feature of this fish kill is that fish appeared to have died some 6 kilometres downstream from the point of spraying...

Conclusion

1. The fish kill in the No.2 channel was caused by accidental drift from aerial spraying of tomatoes adjacent to the channel.

2. Fenvalerate appears to have been the pesticide responsible.

3. It was an isolated incident in an area where tomatoes have been grown for at least 10 years and where aerial spraying has been the predominant method of applying pesticides in the past 6 years.

Recommendation

Aerial spraying of crops adjacent to channels be closely observed to identify if this incident was as isolated as we believe.

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission February 5 1984

I inspected the No.2 and the 2/2 with *** and *** on Monday 9th January, 1984.

Dead Fish were found in Allotment 9 and on the No.2 channel down to the Lake Neran outfall. At every bridge over the channel dead fish could be observed floating at the margin of the channel.

While inspecting the channels, we spoke to two of the tomato growers. Both *** and *** were extremely candid about what pesticides had been used on their tomatoes and I subsequently contacted the aerial spray contractor, *** of Elmore. He gave me the following information I had been given by the tomato growers.

Sumicidin (Fenvalerate), Kocide (Copper Oxychloride), Dithane, Endosulfan.

Detection of Dead Fish

The supervision water bailiffs on the No. 2 Channel first noticed distressed fish at noon on Wednesday 4th January, 1984. By the following day, Thursday, many dead fish were floating in the water and no distressed fish were observed.

On Friday 6th January, 1984, a number of dead fish were removed by Commission workers after a local landholder had expressed concern about the dead fish and the possible detrimental affect on water for domestic supply.

Initially I suspected endosulfan as the cause of the fish kill but according to the growers and the spraying contractor, endosulfan was only used adjacent to the 2/2 channel. It is worth noting that the 2/2 channel was treated with acrolein some two weeks prior to the aerial spraying so very few live fish would have been present.

However, it has been reported to me by one of the markers to the spraying contractors noticed one small fish in the 2/2 was distressed after Allotment 53 was sprayed with endosupfan, fenvalerate and kocide on the 4th January 1984.

The most toxic material used near the No.2 channel was fenvalerate. Therefore at this stage, without any residue data to support any conclusions it appears that the fish in the No.2 channel were killed by inadvertent drift of fenvalerate from the aerial spraying of tomatoes in Allotments 45, 10, 9 and 8 C.

It is inevitable that some chemical will drift from any type of spraying operations but the disturbing feature of this fish kill is that fish appeared to have died some 6 kilometres downstream from the point of spraying…

Conclusion

1. The fish kill in the No.2 channel was caused by accidental drift from aerial spraying of tomatoes adjacent to the channel.

2. Fenvalerate appears to have been the pesticide responsible.

3. It was an isolated incident in an area where tomatoes have been grown for at least 10 years and where aerial spraying has been the predominant method of applying pesticides in the past 6 years.

Recommendation

Aerial spraying of crops adjacent to channels be closely observed to identify if this incident was as isolated as we believe.

1973/4: Bright Pine Plantations (Vic). Pesticide: 2,4,5-T

Forests Commission Victoria

1973/74 Aerial Spraying of 2,4,5-T

In Bright district, a combination of steep, secluded gullies and severe down-draught in the lee of ridges created an extremely difficult flying situation. One one occasion the pilot was forced to dump 50 gallons of the spray load to clear trees on a spur. The area of the dump with immediately located on, and adjacent to, a steep track. Run off gutters were cut across the track to ensure that rainfall flushed the pesticide into the forest. A polystyrene dam was floated across the nearby creek draining the area. However no rain fell on the area for at least three days. The area of the dump with clearly marked to permit observation of its effect on the patch of pines drenched by the pesticide.

Forests Commission Victoria

1973/74 Aerial Spraying of 2,4,5-T

In Bright district, a combination of steep, secluded gullies and severe down-draught in the lee of ridges created an extremely difficult flying situation. One one occasion the pilot was forced to dump 50 gallons of the spray load to clear trees on a spur. The area of the dump with immediately located on, and adjacent to, a steep track. Run off gutters were cut across the track to ensure that rainfall flushed the pesticide into the forest. A polystyrene dam was floated across the nearby creek draining the area. However no rain fell on the area for at least three days. The area of the dump with clearly marked to permit observation of its effect on the patch of pines drenched by the pesticide.

1962 June – 1962 September: Tongala drains (Vic). Pesticide: Monuron

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

29th March 1963

Pollution of Water Supplies by CMU

Control of water couch in drains can be obtained by application of Telvar (CMU) at a rate of 50 lbs per acre, provided the drains are relatively dry and there is little foliage present.

The experiment described below was conducted in order to determine the extent of pollution of water supplies resulting from the use of CMU is this way and the time at which it occurs. The information obtained enabled an assessment to be made of the risk of injury to crops being irrigated directly from drains treated with CMU and from streams into which the treated drains flow.

Experimental Procedure.

From the 11th to 22nd June, 1962, 560 lbs of Telvar was applied to the batters of a drain in the Tongala district with the standard Furphy spray unit, the application rate being approximately 50 lbs per acre. Before spraying, batters had been cleaned with the Briscoe sloper in the usual way.

During application, and until the 26th September, 88 water samples were taken at the point furthest downstream of treatment...

Results and Discussion

Analysis of the water samples for CMU content produced two important facts. Firstly the contamination of drain water during the three months after application was fairly constant - 1.3% per month of the quantity applied. Secondly, contamination during the first days high flow after the commencement of irrigation was 9% of the quantity applied.

The considerable loss of CMU during the first high flow in drains is most significant. Unless CMU was used on a small scale only, a loss to drain water of the order of 9% of the applied material in such a short period as one day, could cause a dangerously high pollution level in irrigation supplies...

As the quantity of CMU that can be safely used is so small, it is suggested for practical purposes, that it's use be confined to one district. Tongala is preferred as it has the worst weed problems...

CMU content ranged from 0.18ppm to 6.6ppm in June 1962.

To between 0.3 to 1.31 ppm in July 1962

To between 0.03ppm - 0.5 ppm in September 1962

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

29th March 1963

Pollution of Water Supplies by CMU

Control of water couch in drains can be obtained by application of Telvar (CMU) at a rate of 50 lbs per acre, provided the drains are relatively dry and there is little foliage present.

The experiment described below was conducted in order to determine the extent of pollution of water supplies resulting from the use of CMU is this way and the time at which it occurs. The information obtained enabled an assessment to be made of the risk of injury to crops being irrigated directly from drains treated with CMU and from streams into which the treated drains flow.

Experimental Procedure.

From the 11th to 22nd June, 1962, 560 lbs of Telvar was applied to the batters of a drain in the Tongala district with the standard Furphy spray unit, the application rate being approximately 50 lbs per acre. Before spraying, batters had been cleaned with the Briscoe sloper in the usual way.

During application, and until the 26th September, 88 water samples were taken at the point furthest downstream of treatment…

Results and Discussion

Analysis of the water samples for CMU content produced two important facts. Firstly the contamination of drain water during the three months after application was fairly constant – 1.3% per month of the quantity applied. Secondly, contamination during the first days high flow after the commencement of irrigation was 9% of the quantity applied.

The considerable loss of CMU during the first high flow in drains is most significant. Unless CMU was used on a small scale only, a loss to drain water of the order of 9% of the applied material in such a short period as one day, could cause a dangerously high pollution level in irrigation supplies…

As the quantity of CMU that can be safely used is so small, it is suggested for practical purposes, that it’s use be confined to one district. Tongala is preferred as it has the worst weed problems…

CMU content ranged from 0.18ppm to 6.6ppm in June 1962.

To between 0.3 to 1.31 ppm in July 1962

To between 0.03ppm – 0.5 ppm in September 1962

1961 November: Swan Hill District. Pesticide: Monuron

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission Test Results

November 1961

Lab No 762: Monuron 18ppm

Lab No 763: Monuron 9.5ppm

Lab No 764: Monuron 9.5ppm

Lab No 765: Monuron 0.8ppm

Lab No 766: Monuron 0.5ppm

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission Test Results

November 1961

Lab No 762: Monuron 18ppm

Lab No 763: Monuron 9.5ppm

Lab No 764: Monuron 9.5ppm

Lab No 765: Monuron 0.8ppm

Lab No 766: Monuron 0.5ppm

1971 July: Buffalo River (Vic). Pesticide: 2,4,5-T

14 November 1971

Department of Agriculture Victoria

Analyses of Water for 2,4,5-T Residues

11 water samples from near forest areas sprayed with 2,4,5-T for wattle control by aerial spraying in July 1971.

Pesticide used - 2,4,5-T Butyl Ester in No 2 Fuel Oil at the rate of 1 lb a.i./5 gallons oil/acre

Results of analysis - parts per thousand million

Fiery Creek:
before spraying                      0.7ug/L
24 hours after spraying           6.3ug/L
after 15/7/71                          0.5ug/L

Blue Range (Mansfield):
before spraying 7/7/71 9am                     2.2ug/L
during spraying 8/7/71 9am                     1.9ug/L
during spraying 9/7/71 8am                     6.5ug/L
17 hours after spraying 10/7/71 10am      1.5ug/L
42 hours after spraying 10/7/71 11am      0.7ug/L
After rain                                                0.5ug/L

Buffalo River:
before spraying                                          0.8ug/L
(Myrtleford) within 24 hours.                        0.5ug/L
After Spraying                                            5.0ug/L

Comments:

A calculation based on 1 lb/acre application of 2,4,5-T shows that water a foot deep directly sprayed could have an initial concentration of about 400 parts per thousand million....

14 November 1971

Department of Agriculture Victoria

Analyses of Water for 2,4,5-T Residues

11 water samples from near forest areas sprayed with 2,4,5-T for wattle control by aerial spraying in July 1971.

Pesticide used – 2,4,5-T Butyl Ester in No 2 Fuel Oil at the rate of 1 lb a.i./5 gallons oil/acre

Results of analysis – parts per thousand million

Fiery Creek:
before spraying                      0.7ug/L
24 hours after spraying         6.3ug/L
after 15/7/71                           0.5ug/L

Blue Range (Mansfield):
before spraying 7/7/71 9am                     2.2ug/L
during spraying 8/7/71 9am                     1.9ug/L
during spraying 9/7/71 8am                     6.5ug/L
17 hours after spraying 10/7/71 10am    1.5ug/L
42 hours after spraying 10/7/71 11am    0.7ug/L
After rain                                                   0.5ug/L

Buffalo River:
before spraying                                         0.8ug/L
(Myrtleford) within 24 hours.                    0.5ug/L
After Spraying                                            5.0ug/L

Comments:

A calculation based on 1 lb/acre application of 2,4,5-T shows that water a foot deep directly sprayed could have an initial concentration of about 400 parts per thousand million….

1971 July: Blue Range (Vic). Pesticide: 2,4,5-T

14 November 1971

Department of Agriculture Victoria

Analyses of Water for 2,4,5-T Residues

11 water samples from near forest areas sprayed with 2,4,5-T for wattle control by aerial spraying in July 1971.

Pesticide used - 2,4,5-T Butyl Ester in No 2 Fuel Oil at the rate of 1 lb a.i./5 gallons oil/acre

Results of analysis - parts per thousand million

Fiery Creek:
before spraying                       0.7ug/L
24 hours after spraying            6.3ug/L
after 15/7/71                           0.5ug/L

Blue Range (Mansfield):
before spraying 7/7/71 9am                     2.2ug/L
during spraying 8/7/71 9am                     1.9ug/L
during spraying 9/7/71 8am                     6.5ug/L
17 hours after spraying 10/7/71 10am      1.5ug/L
42 hours after spraying 10/7/71 11am      0.7ug/L
After rain                                                0.5ug/L

Buffalo River:
before spraying                                           0.8ug/L
(Myrtleford) within 24 hours.                        0.5ug/L
After Spraying                                            5.0ug/L

Comments:

A calculation based on 1 lb/acre application of 2,4,5-T shows that water a foot deep directly sprayed could have an initial concentration of about 400 parts per thousand million....

14 November 1971

Department of Agriculture Victoria

Analyses of Water for 2,4,5-T Residues

11 water samples from near forest areas sprayed with 2,4,5-T for wattle control by aerial spraying in July 1971.

Pesticide used – 2,4,5-T Butyl Ester in No 2 Fuel Oil at the rate of 1 lb a.i./5 gallons oil/acre

Results of analysis – parts per thousand million

Fiery Creek:
before spraying                      0.7ug/L
24 hours after spraying         6.3ug/L
after 15/7/71                           0.5ug/L

Blue Range (Mansfield):
before spraying 7/7/71 9am                     2.2ug/L
during spraying 8/7/71 9am                     1.9ug/L
during spraying 9/7/71 8am                     6.5ug/L
17 hours after spraying 10/7/71 10am    1.5ug/L
42 hours after spraying 10/7/71 11am    0.7ug/L
After rain                                                   0.5ug/L

Buffalo River:
before spraying                                         0.8ug/L
(Myrtleford) within 24 hours.                    0.5ug/L
After Spraying                                            5.0ug/L

Comments:

A calculation based on 1 lb/acre application of 2,4,5-T shows that water a foot deep directly sprayed could have an initial concentration of about 400 parts per thousand million….

1971 July: Fiery Creek (Vic). Pesticide: 2,4,5-T

14 November 1971

Department of Agriculture Victoria

Analyses of Water for 2,4,5-T Residues

11 water samples from near forest areas sprayed with 2,4,5-T for wattle control by aerial spraying in July 1971.

Pesticide used - 2,4,5-T Butyl Ester in No 2 Fuel Oil at the rate of 1 lb a.i./5 gallons oil/acre

Results of analysis - parts per thousand million

Fiery Creek:
before spraying                        0.7ug/L
24 hours after spraying             6.3ug/L
after 15/7/71                            0.5ug/L

Blue Range (Mansfield):
before spraying 7/7/71 9am                     2.2ug/L
during spraying 8/7/71 9am                     1.9ug/L
during spraying 9/7/71 8am                     6.5ug/L
17 hours after spraying 10/7/71 10am      1.5ug/L
42 hours after spraying 10/7/71 11am      0.7ug/L
After rain                                                0.5ug/L

Buffalo River:
before spraying                                         0.8ug/L
(Myrtleford) within 24 hours.                       0.5ug/L
After Spraying                                           5.0ug/L

Comments:

A calculation based on 1 lb/acre application of 2,4,5-T shows that water a foot deep directly sprayed could have an initial concentration of about 400 parts per thousand million....

14 November 1971

Department of Agriculture Victoria

Analyses of Water for 2,4,5-T Residues

11 water samples from near forest areas sprayed with 2,4,5-T for wattle control by aerial spraying in July 1971.

Pesticide used – 2,4,5-T Butyl Ester in No 2 Fuel Oil at the rate of 1 lb a.i./5 gallons oil/acre

Results of analysis – parts per thousand million

Fiery Creek:
before spraying                      0.7ug/L
24 hours after spraying         6.3ug/L
after 15/7/71                           0.5ug/L

Blue Range (Mansfield):
before spraying 7/7/71 9am                     2.2ug/L
during spraying 8/7/71 9am                     1.9ug/L
during spraying 9/7/71 8am                     6.5ug/L
17 hours after spraying 10/7/71 10am    1.5ug/L
42 hours after spraying 10/7/71 11am    0.7ug/L
After rain                                                   0.5ug/L

Buffalo River:
before spraying                                         0.8ug/L
(Myrtleford) within 24 hours.                    0.5ug/L
After Spraying                                            5.0ug/L

Comments:

A calculation based on 1 lb/acre application of 2,4,5-T shows that water a foot deep directly sprayed could have an initial concentration of about 400 parts per thousand million….

1973-74: Rochester (Vic) Drains. Pesticide: Amitrole

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

18 November 1979

Large quantities of the weedicide amitrole are used by the Commission, mainly to control the growth of water couchgrass in drains. The commercial product generally used, of which amitrole is the active ingredient, is Weedazol TL.

Amitrole is not used for this purpose or for the control of other aquatic species in the U.S.A. because of its alleged cancer producing properties. The evidence for this claim was considered by the Health Department (through the Interdepartmental Committee on Pesticides - the forerunner of the Pesticides Review Committee), but was rejected. As a result the proposal by the Commission to use amitrole for aquatic weed control was accepted.

In spite of the approval given to use amitrole, a common belief amogst workers in the aquatic weed field is that a move away from its use would ultimately be desirable, simply because of its controversial history. It is now considered that more positive steps should be taken with this objective in mind.

The reason for this proposal is that legal action at present being taken by the Environment Protection Authority in the U.S.A. could result in the weedicide 2,4,5-T being banned in that country. Pressure for a similar ban in Victoria is certain to follow, although it would have little immediate effect on the Commission's weed control program as only a relatively small quantity of 2,4,5-T is used. On the other hand, the Lands Department and farmers throughout the State would be obliged to use amitrole instead of 2,4,5-T for control of some noxious weeds such as blackberry. It is only a matter of time before amitrole, when used on such a scale, would come under scrutiny and perhaps be banned.

1973/4? Testing
Drains, Rochester and Murray Valley
No.
51    0.22ppm 220 ug/L
52    0.17ppm 170 ug/L
57    0.78ppm 780 ug/L
58    2.40ppm 2,400 ug/L
59    2.10ppm 2,100 ug/L
62    2.00ppm 2,000 ug/L

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

18 November 1979

Large quantities of the weedicide amitrole are used by the Commission, mainly to control the growth of water couchgrass in drains. The commercial product generally used, of which amitrole is the active ingredient, is Weedazol TL.

Amitrole is not used for this purpose or for the control of other aquatic species in the U.S.A. because of its alleged cancer producing properties. The evidence for this claim was considered by the Health Department (through the Interdepartmental Committee on Pesticides – the forerunner of the Pesticides Review Committee), but was rejected. As a result the proposal by the Commission to use amitrole for aquatic weed control was accepted.

In spite of the approval given to use amitrole, a common belief amogst workers in the aquatic weed field is that a move away from its use would ultimately be desirable, simply because of its controversial history. It is now considered that more positive steps should be taken with this objective in mind.

The reason for this proposal is that legal action at present being taken by the Environment Protection Authority in the U.S.A. could result in the weedicide 2,4,5-T being banned in that country. Pressure for a similar ban in Victoria is certain to follow, although it would have little immediate effect on the Commission’s weed control program as only a relatively small quantity of 2,4,5-T is used. On the other hand, the Lands Department and farmers throughout the State would be obliged to use amitrole instead of 2,4,5-T for control of some noxious weeds such as blackberry. It is only a matter of time before amitrole, when used on such a scale, would come under scrutiny and perhaps be banned.

1973/4? Testing
Drains, Rochester and Murray Valley
No.
51    0.22ppm 220 ug/L
52    0.17ppm 170 ug/L
57    0.78ppm 780 ug/L
58    2.40ppm 2,400 ug/L
59    2.10ppm 2,100 ug/L
62    2.00ppm 2,000 ug/L

1988 December: Fitzroy Island (Qld): Pesticide Aldrin

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE LIKELY EFFECTS OF THE PROPOSED TRINITY POINT PROJECT IN THE MARINE ECOLOGY OF THE CAIRNS HARBOUR AND FORESHORE

 

A REPORT by R.G. COLES, G.B. GOEDEN and W.J.LEE LONG

 

THE DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES, QUEENSLAND and M. GREENWAY HOLLINGSWORTH CONSULTANTS

 

January 1990 Queensland Department of Primary Industries

 

 

5/12/88: Fitzroy Island: Aldrin 0.033ppm

 

https://www.seagrasswatch.org/Info_centre/Publications/pdf/meg/Coles_et_al_1990.pdf

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE LIKELY EFFECTS OF THE PROPOSED TRINITY POINT PROJECT IN THE MARINE ECOLOGY OF THE CAIRNS HARBOUR AND FORESHORE

A REPORT by R.G. COLES, G.B. GOEDEN and W.J.LEE LONG

THE DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES, QUEENSLAND and M. GREENWAY HOLLINGSWORTH CONSULTANTS

January 1990 Queensland Department of Primary Industries

5/12/88: Fitzroy Island: Aldrin 0.033ppm

https://www.seagrasswatch.org/Info_centre/Publications/pdf/meg/Coles_et_al_1990.pdf

1988 February: Cairns Salt Water Creek. Pesticide: Aldrin

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE LIKELY EFFECTS OF THE PROPOSED TRINITY POINT PROJECT IN THE MARINE ECOLOGY OF THE CAIRNS HARBOUR AND FORESHORE

 

A REPORT by R.G. COLES, G.B. GOEDEN and W.J.LEE LONG

 

THE DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES, QUEENSLAND and M. GREENWAY HOLLINGSWORTH CONSULTANTS

 

January 1990 Queensland Department of Primary Industries

 

 

1/2/88: Cairns Salt Water Creek Mouth: Aldrin 0.103ppm

 

https://www.seagrasswatch.org/Info_centre/Publications/pdf/meg/Coles_et_al_1990.pdf

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE LIKELY EFFECTS OF THE PROPOSED TRINITY POINT PROJECT IN THE MARINE ECOLOGY OF THE CAIRNS HARBOUR AND FORESHORE

A REPORT by R.G. COLES, G.B. GOEDEN and W.J.LEE LONG

THE DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES, QUEENSLAND and M. GREENWAY HOLLINGSWORTH CONSULTANTS

January 1990 Queensland Department of Primary Industries

1/2/88: Cairns Salt Water Creek Mouth: Aldrin 0.103ppm

https://www.seagrasswatch.org/Info_centre/Publications/pdf/meg/Coles_et_al_1990.pdf

1988 February: Cairns Esplanade Mudflats. Pesticides: Dieldrin, Aldrin

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE LIKELY EFFECTS OF THE PROPOSED TRINITY POINT PROJECT IN THE MARINE ECOLOGY OF THE CAIRNS HARBOUR AND FORESHORE

 

A REPORT by R.G. COLES, G.B. GOEDEN and W.J.LEE LONG

 

THE DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES, QUEENSLAND and M. GREENWAY HOLLINGSWORTH CONSULTANTS

 

January 1990 Queensland Department of Primary Industries

 

 

1/2/88: Cairns Esplanade Mudflats: Dieldrin 0.006ppm, Aldrin 0.271ppm

 

https://www.seagrasswatch.org/Info_centre/Publications/pdf/meg/Coles_et_al_1990.pdf

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE LIKELY EFFECTS OF THE PROPOSED TRINITY POINT PROJECT IN THE MARINE ECOLOGY OF THE CAIRNS HARBOUR AND FORESHORE

A REPORT by R.G. COLES, G.B. GOEDEN and W.J.LEE LONG

THE DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES, QUEENSLAND and M. GREENWAY HOLLINGSWORTH CONSULTANTS

January 1990 Queensland Department of Primary Industries

1/2/88: Cairns Esplanade Mudflats: Dieldrin 0.006ppm, Aldrin 0.271ppm

https://www.seagrasswatch.org/Info_centre/Publications/pdf/meg/Coles_et_al_1990.pdf

1972 August: Kerang Drain 3. Pesticide: Amitrole detected at 72,000ug/L.

Kerang Drain 3

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission 1972 August (document).

Contamination limits

At a meeting of the Victorian Interdepartmental Committee on Pesticides on 24th September, 1962, approval was given for the Commission to use amitrole provided the level in domestic drinking water did not exceed 0.3ppm. The only exception was in Gippsland where contamination of drinking water was not permitted as it is a goitre area.

After completion of experiments on the toxicity of amitrole to crops and pastures, the Commission in June, 1963, adopted a maximum contamination level of amitrole in streams of 0.002 ppm. This level was 1/500 th of the concentration which in one irrigation, damaged the most sensitive crop tested.

On the basis of experience the Commission has had with amitrole over the the past ten years, it is considered that the maximum concentration of amitrole in streams could be safely determined at 0.01ppm or higher if necessary. This concentration is slightly higher than the sensitivity of the amitrole analytical method but considerably below the level of 0.3 ppm originally approved.

Although water containing amitrole residues may be pumped from drains for irrigation, this is closely controlled under license to the Commission. Also drainage water is always diluted in streams before use for domestic purposes. Establishment of a separate limit for drainage effluent is therefore unnecessary.

Drain 3 Kerang

Lot C

41 Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 52 parts per million (52,000 ug/L)

42 Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 72 parts per billion (72,000 ug/L)

41A Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 0.19 parts per billion (190 ug/L)

42A Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 61 parts per billion (61,000 ug/L)

43A Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 28 parts per billion (28,000 ug/L)

44 Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 0.31 parts per billion (310 ug/L)

45 Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 44 parts per billion (44,000 ug/L)

46 Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 35 parts per billion (35,000 ug/L)

47 Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 0.06 parts per billion (60 ug/L)

48 Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 55 parts per billion (55,000 ug/L)

49 Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 23 parts per billion (23,000 ug/L)

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

Memo 31 August 1983

On 29 July I drew your attention to the expected withdrawal from sale of the herbicide amitrole by a major supplier. It was understood that the basis for the withdrawal was the alleged carcinogenic (cancer producing) nature of amitrole. A confirmatory letter from ICI Australia was tabled at a meeting of the Agricultural and Domestic Chemicals Review Committee (ADCRC) on 26 August.

You will be aware that amitrole has been used extensively by the Commission for about twenty years, mainly to control the growth of water couchgrass in drains. The withdrawal of amitrole from sale would necessitate the use of an alternative herbicide, At present, glyphosate is the only satisfactory alternative, the additional cost being about $40,000 annually.

The main decision arising from discussion at the meeting was that the Premier be notified of the cation taken by ICI, and that ADCRC considers that State Departments and instrumentalities should cease using amitrole.

However, at a meeting of several members of ADCRC on 30 August, convened when further information had been obtained, it was agreed that no recommendation should be made at present to terminate the use of amitrole. Instead, the Premier would be advised that ADCRC was taking immediate steps to consult ICI on the company's action, and to obtain a review by the National Health and Medical research Council in toxicological data on amitrole.

It is evident that, for the time being at least, the Commission should plan to continue using amitrole for control of water couchgrass in drains in the usual way. Nevertheless contingency plans should be made so that a change from amitrole to glyphosate can be made as smoothly as possible if such as change becomes necessary.

Kerang Drain 3

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission 1972 August (document).

Contamination limits

At a meeting of the Victorian Interdepartmental Committee on Pesticides on 24th September, 1962, approval was given for the Commission to use amitrole provided the level in domestic drinking water did not exceed 0.3ppm. The only exception was in Gippsland where contamination of drinking water was not permitted as it is a goitre area.

After completion of experiments on the toxicity of amitrole to crops and pastures, the Commission in June, 1963, adopted a maximum contamination level of amitrole in streams of 0.002 ppm. This level was 1/500 th of the concentration which in one irrigation, damaged the most sensitive crop tested.

On the basis of experience the Commission has had with amitrole over the the past ten years, it is considered that the maximum concentration of amitrole in streams could be safely determined at 0.01ppm or higher if necessary. This concentration is slightly higher than the sensitivity of the amitrole analytical method but considerably below the level of 0.3 ppm originally approved.

Although water containing amitrole residues may be pumped from drains for irrigation, this is closely controlled under license to the Commission. Also drainage water is always diluted in streams before use for domestic purposes. Establishment of a separate limit for drainage effluent is therefore unnecessary.

Drain 3 Kerang

Lot C

41 Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 52 parts per million (52,000 ug/L)

42 Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 72 parts per billion (72,000 ug/L)

41A Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 0.19 parts per billion (190 ug/L)

42A Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 61 parts per billion (61,000 ug/L)

43A Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 28 parts per billion (28,000 ug/L)

44 Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 0.31 parts per billion (310 ug/L)

45 Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 44 parts per billion (44,000 ug/L)

46 Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 35 parts per billion (35,000 ug/L)

47 Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 0.06 parts per billion (60 ug/L)

48 Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 55 parts per billion (55,000 ug/L)

49 Drain 3, Kerang Amitrole 23 parts per billion (23,000 ug/L)

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

Memo 31 August 1983

On 29 July I drew your attention to the expected withdrawal from sale of the herbicide amitrole by a major supplier. It was understood that the basis for the withdrawal was the alleged carcinogenic (cancer producing) nature of amitrole. A confirmatory letter from ICI Australia was tabled at a meeting of the Agricultural and Domestic Chemicals Review Committee (ADCRC) on 26 August.

You will be aware that amitrole has been used extensively by the Commission for about twenty years, mainly to control the growth of water couchgrass in drains. The withdrawal of amitrole from sale would necessitate the use of an alternative herbicide, At present, glyphosate is the only satisfactory alternative, the additional cost being about $40,000 annually.

The main decision arising from discussion at the meeting was that the Premier be notified of the cation taken by ICI, and that ADCRC considers that State Departments and instrumentalities should cease using amitrole.

However, at a meeting of several members of ADCRC on 30 August, convened when further information had been obtained, it was agreed that no recommendation should be made at present to terminate the use of amitrole. Instead, the Premier would be advised that ADCRC was taking immediate steps to consult ICI on the company’s action, and to obtain a review by the National Health and Medical research Council in toxicological data on amitrole.

It is evident that, for the time being at least, the Commission should plan to continue using amitrole for control of water couchgrass in drains in the usual way. Nevertheless contingency plans should be made so that a change from amitrole to glyphosate can be made as smoothly as possible if such as change becomes necessary.

1972 August: Murrabit Drain 3. Pesticide detected: Amitrole at 72,000 ug/L

Murrabit Drain 3

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission 1972 August (document).

Contamination limits

At a meeting of the Victorian Interdepartmental Committee on Pesticides on 24th September, 1962, approval was given for the Commission to use amitrole provided the level in domestic drinking water did not exceed 0.3ppm. The only exception was in Gippsland where contamination of drinking water was not permitted as it is a goitre area.

After completion of experiments on the toxicity of amitrole to crops and pastures, the Commission in June, 1963, adopted a maximum contamination level of amitrole in streams of 0.002 ppm. This level was 1/500 th of the concentration which in one irrigation, damaged the most sensitive crop tested.

On the basis of experience the Commission has had with amitrole over the the past ten years, it is considered that the maximum concentration of amitrole in streams could be safely determined at 0.01ppm or higher if necessary. This concentration is slightly higher than the sensitivity of the amitrole analytical method but considerably below the level of 0.3 ppm originally approved.

Although water containing amitrole residues may be pumped from drains for irrigation, this is closely controlled under license to the Commission. Also drainage water is always diluted in streams before use for domestic purposes. Establishment of a separate limit for drainage effluent is therefore unnecessary.

Drain 3 Murrabit

Lot D X Drain 3, Murrabit Amitrole 0.5 parts per million (500 ug/L)
Lot D Y Drain 3, Murrabit Amitrole 72 parts per million (72,000 ug/L)
Lot D Z Drain 3, Murrabit Amitrole 7.2 parts per billion (7,200 ug/L)

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

Memo 31 August 1983

On 29 July I drew your attention to the expected withdrawal from sale of the herbicide amitrole by a major supplier. It was understood that the basis for the withdrawal was the alleged carcinogenic (cancer producing) nature of amitrole. A confirmatory letter from ICI Australia was tabled at a meeting of the Agricultural and Domestic Chemicals Review Committee (ADCRC) on 26 August.

You will be aware that amitrole has been used extensively by the Commission for about twenty years, mainly to control the growth of water couchgrass in drains. The withdrawal of amitrole from sale would necessitate the use of an alternative herbicide, At present, glyphosate is the only satisfactory alternative, the additional cost being about $40,000 annually.

The main decision arising from discussion at the meeting was that the Premier be notified of the cation taken by ICI, and that ADCRC considers that State Departments and instrumentalities should cease using amitrole.

However, at a meeting of several members of ADCRC on 30 August, convened when further information had been obtained, it was agreed that no recommendation should be made at present to terminate the use of amitrole. Instead, the Premier would be advised that ADCRC was taking immediate steps to consult ICI on the company's action, and to obtain a review by the National Health and Medical research Council in toxicological data on amitrole.

It is evident that, for the time being at least, the Commission should plan to continue using amitrole for control of water couchgrass in drains in the usual way. Nevertheless contingency plans should be made so that a change from amitrole to glyphosate can be made as smoothly as possible if such as change becomes necessary.

Murrabit Drain 3

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission 1972 August (document).

Contamination limits

At a meeting of the Victorian Interdepartmental Committee on Pesticides on 24th September, 1962, approval was given for the Commission to use amitrole provided the level in domestic drinking water did not exceed 0.3ppm. The only exception was in Gippsland where contamination of drinking water was not permitted as it is a goitre area.

After completion of experiments on the toxicity of amitrole to crops and pastures, the Commission in June, 1963, adopted a maximum contamination level of amitrole in streams of 0.002 ppm. This level was 1/500 th of the concentration which in one irrigation, damaged the most sensitive crop tested.

On the basis of experience the Commission has had with amitrole over the the past ten years, it is considered that the maximum concentration of amitrole in streams could be safely determined at 0.01ppm or higher if necessary. This concentration is slightly higher than the sensitivity of the amitrole analytical method but considerably below the level of 0.3 ppm originally approved.

Although water containing amitrole residues may be pumped from drains for irrigation, this is closely controlled under license to the Commission. Also drainage water is always diluted in streams before use for domestic purposes. Establishment of a separate limit for drainage effluent is therefore unnecessary.

Drain 3 Murrabit

Lot D X Drain 3, Murrabit Amitrole 0.5 parts per million (500 ug/L)
Lot D Y Drain 3, Murrabit Amitrole 72 parts per million (72,000 ug/L)
Lot D Z Drain 3, Murrabit Amitrole 7.2 parts per billion (7,200 ug/L)

State Rivers and Water Supply Commission

Memo 31 August 1983

On 29 July I drew your attention to the expected withdrawal from sale of the herbicide amitrole by a major supplier. It was understood that the basis for the withdrawal was the alleged carcinogenic (cancer producing) nature of amitrole. A confirmatory letter from ICI Australia was tabled at a meeting of the Agricultural and Domestic Chemicals Review Committee (ADCRC) on 26 August.

You will be aware that amitrole has been used extensively by the Commission for about twenty years, mainly to control the growth of water couchgrass in drains. The withdrawal of amitrole from sale would necessitate the use of an alternative herbicide, At present, glyphosate is the only satisfactory alternative, the additional cost being about $40,000 annually.

The main decision arising from discussion at the meeting was that the Premier be notified of the cation taken by ICI, and that ADCRC considers that State Departments and instrumentalities should cease using amitrole.

However, at a meeting of several members of ADCRC on 30 August, convened when further information had been obtained, it was agreed that no recommendation should be made at present to terminate the use of amitrole. Instead, the Premier would be advised that ADCRC was taking immediate steps to consult ICI on the company’s action, and to obtain a review by the National Health and Medical research Council in toxicological data on amitrole.

It is evident that, for the time being at least, the Commission should plan to continue using amitrole for control of water couchgrass in drains in the usual way. Nevertheless contingency plans should be made so that a change from amitrole to glyphosate can be made as smoothly as possible if such as change becomes necessary.

 

2010 February: Donnellys Creek (Rd 31). Pesticides: Bifenthrin, Iprodione, Metribuzin, Trichlorfon

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Table 20: Maroondah Catchment samples

Sample No.5 Donnellys Creek @ Road 21

Sediment: Bifenthrin 8ug/kg (24/2/10), Iprodione 18ug/kg, Metribuzin 3ug/kg, Trichlorfon 3ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Table 20: Maroondah Catchment samples

Sample No.5 Donnellys Creek @ Road 21

Sediment: Bifenthrin 8ug/kg (24/2/10), Iprodione 18ug/kg, Metribuzin 3ug/kg, Trichlorfon 3ug/kg

2010 February: Coranderrk Creek Weir Road. Pesticides: Metalaxyl, Penconazole

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Table 20: Maroondah Catchment samples

Sample No. 2 Coranderrk Creek Weir Road 48 29/01/2010 24/02/2010

Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L (24/2/10)

Sediment: Penconazole 1ug/kg (24/2/10)

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Table 20: Maroondah Catchment samples

Sample No. 2 Coranderrk Creek Weir Road 48 29/01/2010 24/02/2010

Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L (24/2/10)

Sediment: Penconazole 1ug/kg (24/2/10)

2010 February: Grace Burn Creek Weir. Pesticide Metalaxyl

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Table 20: Maroondah Catchment samples

Sample No. 1 Graceburn Creek at Weir

Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L (24/2/10)

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Table 20: Maroondah Catchment samples

Sample No. 1 Graceburn Creek at Weir

Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L (24/2/10)

2010 February: Sawpit Creek (Vic). Pesticides: Metalaxyl, Atrazine

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Table 20: Maroondah Catchment samples

Sample No. 3 Sawpit Creek at Road 15

24/2/10: Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L, Atrazine 0.001ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Table 20: Maroondah Catchment samples

Sample No. 3 Sawpit Creek at Road 15

24/2/10: Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L, Atrazine 0.001ug/kg

2010 April: Nillumbik Lake, Diamond Creek (Vic). Pesticides: Atrazine, Simazine, cis-Chlordane

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 324: Nillumbik Lake Diamond Creek

29/04/2010. Atrazine 0.002ug/L, Simazine 0.036ug/L.

Sediment: 29/1/10 cis-Chordane 40ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 324: Nillumbik Lake Diamond Creek

29/04/2010. Atrazine 0.002ug/L, Simazine 0.036ug/L.

Sediment: 29/1/10 cis-Chordane 40ug/kg

2010 + 2015: Regent Street, Mount Waverely (Vic). Pesticides: Dieldrin, Simazine, Desisopropylatrazine, Imidacloprid, p,p’DDE, p,p’DDD

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 322: u/S Regent St Mt Waverley

21/04/2010. Dieldrin 0.003ug/L, Simazine 0.093ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.01ug/L, Imidicloprid 0.007ug/L.

Sediment: p,p’DDE 8.6ug/kg, p,p’DDD 3ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Regent St Wetlands u/s Regent St; Mt Waverley

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 41ug/kg, DEET 10ug/kg, Diuron 51ug/kg, Trifloxystrobin 48ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 322: u/S Regent St Mt Waverley

21/04/2010. Dieldrin 0.003ug/L, Simazine 0.093ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.01ug/L, Imidicloprid 0.007ug/L.

Sediment: p,p’DDE 8.6ug/kg, p,p’DDD 3ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Regent St Wetlands u/s Regent St; Mt Waverley

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 41ug/kg, DEET 10ug/kg, Diuron 51ug/kg, Trifloxystrobin 48ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

 

2010 + 2015: Cala Street Ponds, Footscray. Pesticides: Multiple

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 321: Cala St Ponds West Footscray

29/04/2010. Dimethoate 0.001ug/L, Dieldrin 0.004ug/L, Atrazine 0.033ug/L, Simazine 0.46ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.065ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L, Triadimenol 0.004ug/L.

Sediment: 29/4/10 p,p-DDE 3ug/kg, Dieldrin 11ug/kg, Simazine 4ug/kg, atrazine-2-hydroxy 2ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Cala St Ponds at Cala St; West Footscray

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 16ug/kg, DEET 8.8ug/kg, Metolachlor 51.9ug/kg, Pyrimethanil 4ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

 

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 321: Cala St Ponds West Footscray

29/04/2010. Dimethoate 0.001ug/L, Dieldrin 0.004ug/L, Atrazine 0.033ug/L, Simazine 0.46ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.065ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L, Triadimenol 0.004ug/L.

Sediment: 29/4/10 p,p-DDE 3ug/kg, Dieldrin 11ug/kg, Simazine 4ug/kg, atrazine-2-hydroxy 2ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Cala St Ponds at Cala St; West Footscray

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 16ug/kg, DEET 8.8ug/kg, Metolachlor 51.9ug/kg, Pyrimethanil 4ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

 

2010 April: Truganina Swamp, Altona (Vic). Pesticides; Atrazine, Hexazinone, Simazine, Terbutryn, Desisopropylatrazine, Metalaxyl

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 320:  Truganina Swamp Altona

20/04/2010. Atrazine 0.026ug/L, Hexazinone 0.015ug/L, Simazine 0.56ug/L, Terbutryn 0.001ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.047ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.003ug/L

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 320:  Truganina Swamp Altona

20/04/2010. Atrazine 0.026ug/L, Hexazinone 0.015ug/L, Simazine 0.56ug/L, Terbutryn 0.001ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.047ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.003ug/L

2010 April: Sharps Road Keilor (Vic). Pesticides: Multiple

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 319: Sharps Rd Keilor

28/04/2010.  Dimethoate 0.002ug/L, Dieldrin 0.002ug/L, Atrazine 0.029ug/L, Simazine 0.2ug/L, Terbutyrn 0.002ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.028ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L, Triadimenol 0.002ug/L.

Sediment: 29/4/10 Bifenthrin 27ug/kg, Dieldrin 5.4ug/kg, cis-Chlordane 2ug/kg, Chlorothalonil 53ug/kg, Simazine 2ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 319: Sharps Rd Keilor

28/04/2010.  Dimethoate 0.002ug/L, Dieldrin 0.002ug/L, Atrazine 0.029ug/L, Simazine 0.2ug/L, Terbutyrn 0.002ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.028ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L, Triadimenol 0.002ug/L.

Sediment: 29/4/10 Bifenthrin 27ug/kg, Dieldrin 5.4ug/kg, cis-Chlordane 2ug/kg, Chlorothalonil 53ug/kg, Simazine 2ug/kg

2010 April: Jacana Wetlands, Glenroy (Vic). Pesticides: Atrazine, Simazine, Desisopropylatrazine

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 318: Jacana Wetlands Glenroy

28/04/2010. Atrazine 0.007ug/L, Simazine 0.099ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.01ug/L

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 318: Jacana Wetlands Glenroy

28/04/2010. Atrazine 0.007ug/L, Simazine 0.099ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.01ug/L

2010 April: Hedgely Dene, Caufield (Vic). Pesticides: Atrazine, Simazine, p,p’DDE, Buprofezin, Trifloxystrobin

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 317:  Hedgely Dene Caulfield

27/04/2010. Atrazine 0.003ug/L, Simazine 0.005ug/L.

Sediment 27/4/10 p,p’DDE 6.8ug/kg, Buprofezin 14ug/kg, Trifloxystrobin 1ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 317:  Hedgely Dene Caulfield

27/04/2010. Atrazine 0.003ug/L, Simazine 0.005ug/L.

Sediment 27/4/10 p,p’DDE 6.8ug/kg, Buprofezin 14ug/kg, Trifloxystrobin 1ug/kg

2010 + 2015: Cherry Lake, Altona (Vic). Pesticides: Multiple

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 316:  Cherry Lake Altona 

20/04/2010. Fenvalerate 0.033ug/L, Dimethoate 0.002ug/L, Atrazine 1.65ug/L, Hexazinone 0.014ug/L, Metribuzin 0.99ug/L, Simazine 1.72ug/L, Terbutryn 0.002ug/L, Desethylatrazine 0.17ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.25ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.001ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.011ug/L, Azoxystrobin 0.001ug/L, Triadimenol 0.016ug/L, Propiconazole 0.005ug/L.

Sediment 20/4/10 Atrazine 2ug/kg, Simazine 2ug/kg, atrazine-2hydroxy 2ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Cherry Lake @ Sugargum Drive, Altona

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 26ug/kg, Diuron 20ug/kg, Pyrimethanil 7.2ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 316:  Cherry Lake Altona

20/04/2010. Fenvalerate 0.033ug/L, Dimethoate 0.002ug/L, Atrazine 1.65ug/L, Hexazinone 0.014ug/L, Metribuzin 0.99ug/L, Simazine 1.72ug/L, Terbutryn 0.002ug/L, Desethylatrazine 0.17ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.25ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.001ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.011ug/L, Azoxystrobin 0.001ug/L, Triadimenol 0.016ug/L, Propiconazole 0.005ug/L.

Sediment 20/4/10 Atrazine 2ug/kg, Simazine 2ug/kg, atrazine-2hydroxy 2ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Cherry Lake @ Sugargum Drive, Altona

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 26ug/kg, Diuron 20ug/kg, Pyrimethanil 7.2ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

2010 April: Woodland Park Essendon. Pesticides: Atrazine, Simazine, Imidacloprid, Tebuconazole, Propiconazole, p,p’DDE

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 315: Woodland Park Essendon

29/04/2010. Atrazine 0.002ug/L, Simazine 0.023ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.008ug/L, Tebuconazole 0.021, Propiconazole 0.022ug/L.

Sediment 29/4/10 p,p’DDE 2ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 315: Woodland Park Essendon

29/04/2010. Atrazine 0.002ug/L, Simazine 0.023ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.008ug/L, Tebuconazole 0.021, Propiconazole 0.022ug/L.

Sediment 29/4/10 p,p’DDE 2ug/kg

2010 + 2015: Queens Park Moonee Ponds (Vic). Pesticides: Multiple

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 314: Queen's Park Moonee Ponds 

29/04/2010. Atrazine 0.015ug/L Simazine 4.78ug/L, Terbutryn 0.001ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.22ug/L, Imidicloprid 0.065ug/L.

Sediment: 29/4/10 p,p’DDE 5.4ug/kg, Simazine 7.1ug/kg, atrazine-3-hydroxy 7ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Queens Park Lake at the Strand, Moonee Ponds

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 8ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

 

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 314: Queen’s Park Moonee Ponds

29/04/2010. Atrazine 0.015ug/L Simazine 4.78ug/L, Terbutryn 0.001ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.22ug/L, Imidicloprid 0.065ug/L.

Sediment: 29/4/10 p,p’DDE 5.4ug/kg, Simazine 7.1ug/kg, atrazine-3-hydroxy 7ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Queens Park Lake at the Strand, Moonee Ponds

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 8ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

 

2010 April: Newport Lakes, Newport (Vic). Pesticides: Atrazine, Simazine

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 313: Newport Lakes Newport 

20/04/2010. Atrazine 0.007ug/L, Simazine 0.012ug/L

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 313: Newport Lakes Newport

20/04/2010. Atrazine 0.007ug/L, Simazine 0.012ug/L

2010 + 2015: Jack Roper Reserve (Vic) Broadmeadows. Pesticides: Multiple

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 312: Jack Roper Reserve Broadmeadows

28/04/2010. Dieldrin 0.002ug/L, Atrazine 0.029ug/L, Simazine 0.05ug/L, Terbutryn 0.022ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.034ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.002ug/L, Propiconazole 0.002ug/L.

Sediment: 29/4/10 Bifenthrin 12ug/kg, Permethrin 28ug/kg, Dieldrin 2ug/kg, trans-Chlordane 1ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Jack Roper Reserve Lake at Camp Rd; Broadmeadows

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 32ug/kg, DEET 13ug/kg, Diuron 96ug/kg, Permethrin 29.5ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 312: Jack Roper Reserve Broadmeadows

28/04/2010. Dieldrin 0.002ug/L, Atrazine 0.029ug/L, Simazine 0.05ug/L, Terbutryn 0.022ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.034ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.002ug/L, Propiconazole 0.002ug/L.

Sediment: 29/4/10 Bifenthrin 12ug/kg, Permethrin 28ug/kg, Dieldrin 2ug/kg, trans-Chlordane 1ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Jack Roper Reserve Lake at Camp Rd; Broadmeadows

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 32ug/kg, DEET 13ug/kg, Diuron 96ug/kg, Permethrin 29.5ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

2010 April: Jawbone Conservation Reserve Williamstown. Pesticides: Simazine, Desisopropylatrazine, Imidacloprid, Propiconazole, Bifenthrin, Atrazine-2-Hydroxy

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 311: Jawbone Conserv. Res. Williamstown 

20/04/2010. Simazine 0.31ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.036ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.005ug/L, Propiconazole 0.002ug/L.

Sediment: 20/4/10 Bifenthrin 35ug/kg, atrazine-2-hydroxy 3ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 311: Jawbone Conserv. Res. Williamstown

20/04/2010. Simazine 0.31ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.036ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.005ug/L, Propiconazole 0.002ug/L.

Sediment: 20/4/10 Bifenthrin 35ug/kg, atrazine-2-hydroxy 3ug/kg

2010 + 2015: Endeavour Hills Frog Hollow Reserve (Vic). Pesticides: Multiple.

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 310: Frog Hollow Reserve Endeavour Hills

21/04/2010. Simazine 0.027ug/L, Terbutryn 0.002ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.013ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.001ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L, Myclobutanil 0.002ug/L, Triadimenol 0.004ug/L.

Sediment 21/4/10 Bifenthrin 29ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Frog Hollow Reserve Wetland at Belgrave-hallam Rd, Endevour Hills

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 245ug/kg, Diuron 5ug/kg, Permethrin 13.35ug/kg, Pyrimethanil 2.4ug/L

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 310: Frog Hollow Reserve Endeavour Hills

21/04/2010. Simazine 0.027ug/L, Terbutryn 0.002ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.013ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.001ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L, Myclobutanil 0.002ug/L, Triadimenol 0.004ug/L.

Sediment 21/4/10 Bifenthrin 29ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Frog Hollow Reserve Wetland at Belgrave-hallam Rd, Endevour Hills

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 245ug/kg, Diuron 5ug/kg, Permethrin 13.35ug/kg, Pyrimethanil 2.4ug/L

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

2010 April: Basterfield Park, Moorabbin (Vic). Pesticides: Simazine, Desisopropylatrazine

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 309: Basterfield Park Moorabbin

27/04/2010. Simazine 0.1ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.006ug/L

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 309: Basterfield Park Moorabbin

27/04/2010. Simazine 0.1ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.006ug/L

2010 April: Chirnside Park (Vic). Pesticides: Atrazine, Simazine, Terbutryn, Desisopropylatrazine, Imidacloprid, Pirimicarb, Metalaxyl, Fipronil

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 308: Pezzimenti Pl Chirnside Park

27/04/2010. Atrazine 0.022ug/L, Simazine 0.097ug/L, Terbutryn 0.002ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.005ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.006ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.001ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L, Fipronil 0.01ug/L

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 308: Pezzimenti Pl Chirnside Park

27/04/2010. Atrazine 0.022ug/L, Simazine 0.097ug/L, Terbutryn 0.002ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.005ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.006ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.001ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L, Fipronil 0.01ug/L

2010 April: Shearwater Meadows Cairnlea (Vic). Pesticides: Atrazine, Simazine, Desisopropylatrazine, Metalaxyl

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 307: Shearwater Meadows Cairnlea

28/04/2010. Atrazine 0.038ug/L, Simazine 0.022ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.004ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 307: Shearwater Meadows Cairnlea

28/04/2010. Atrazine 0.038ug/L, Simazine 0.022ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.004ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L

2010 + 2015: Mount Cooper, Bundoora. Pesticides: Atrazine, Simazine, Terbutryn, Bifenthrin, DEET, Diuron, Prometryn

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 306: Mount Cooper wetlands Bundoora

22/04/2010. Atrazine 0.003ug/L, Simazine 0.049ug/L, Terbutryn 0.022ug/L.

Sediment: 22/4/10 Bifenthrin 35ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Mt Cooper Wetland; Bundoora

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 43ug/kg, DEET 13ug/kg, Diuron 86ug/kg, Prometryn 26ug/kg,

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 306: Mount Cooper wetlands Bundoora

22/04/2010. Atrazine 0.003ug/L, Simazine 0.049ug/L, Terbutryn 0.022ug/L.

Sediment: 22/4/10 Bifenthrin 35ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Mt Cooper Wetland; Bundoora

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 43ug/kg, DEET 13ug/kg, Diuron 86ug/kg, Prometryn 26ug/kg,

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

2010 April: Lennon Street Point Cook. Pesticides: Dimethoate, Atrazine, Simazine, Terbutryn, Imidacloprid, Metalaxyl, Bifenthrin

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

 Site 305: Lennon St Pt Cook

Dimethoate 0.002ug/L, Atrazine 0.013ug/L, Simazine 0.12ug/L, Terbutryn 0.002ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.004ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.004ug/L.

Sediment: 29/4/10 Bifenthrin 30ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 305: Lennon St Pt Cook

Dimethoate 0.002ug/L, Atrazine 0.013ug/L, Simazine 0.12ug/L, Terbutryn 0.002ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.004ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.004ug/L.

Sediment: 29/4/10 Bifenthrin 30ug/kg

2010 April: Narre Warren. Pesticides: Simazine, Terbutryn, Desisopropylatrazine

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 304: Crawley Rd Dam Narre Warren

21/04/2010. Simazine 0.87ug/L, Terbutryn 0.002ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.14ug/L.

Sediment: 21/4/10 Simazine 2ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 304: Crawley Rd Dam Narre Warren

21/04/2010. Simazine 0.87ug/L, Terbutryn 0.002ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.14ug/L.

Sediment: 21/4/10 Simazine 2ug/kg

2010 + 2015: Berwick Springs (Vic). Pesticides: Multiple

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 303: Berwick Springs Lake Berwick Springs

21/04/2010 Fenamiphos 0.005ug/L, Atrazine 0.004ug/L, Prometryn 0.16ug/L, Simazine 0.07ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.01ug/L, Methomyl 0.011ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.49ug/L, Oxadixyl 0.012ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.018ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.19ug/L, Dimethomorph 0.002ug/L.

Sediment: 21/4/10 Fenamiphos 2ug/kg, Imidacloprid 8ug/kg, Metalaxyl 1ug/kg, Azoxystrobin 7ug/kg, Linuron 1ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Berwick Springs Lake at The Esplanade Jetty; Narre Warren South

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 51.6ug/kg, Diuron 4ug/kg, Permethrin 10.95ug/kg Pyrimethanil 2ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 303: Berwick Springs Lake Berwick Springs

21/04/2010 Fenamiphos 0.005ug/L, Atrazine 0.004ug/L, Prometryn 0.16ug/L, Simazine 0.07ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.01ug/L, Methomyl 0.011ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.49ug/L, Oxadixyl 0.012ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.018ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.19ug/L, Dimethomorph 0.002ug/L.

Sediment: 21/4/10 Fenamiphos 2ug/kg, Imidacloprid 8ug/kg, Metalaxyl 1ug/kg, Azoxystrobin 7ug/kg, Linuron 1ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Berwick Springs Lake at The Esplanade Jetty; Narre Warren South

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 51.6ug/kg, Diuron 4ug/kg, Permethrin 10.95ug/kg Pyrimethanil 2ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

2010 + 2015: Boardwalk Point Cook (Vic). Pesticides: Atrazine, Simazine, Metalaxyl, Bifenthrin, DEET, Pyrimethanil

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 302: Boardwalk Pt Cook -37.88167177 144.7371936 28/04/2010 Atrazine 0.001ug/L, Simazine 0.058ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.003ug/L

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Boardwalk Wetland at Central Park Ave; Point Cook

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 38ug/kg, DEET 12ug/kg, Pyrimethanil 7.22ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

302 Boardwalk Pt Cook -37.88167177 144.7371936 28/04/2010 Atrazine 0.001ug/L, Simazine 0.058ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.003ug/L

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Boardwalk Wetland at Central Park Ave; Point Cook

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 38ug/kg, DEET 12ug/kg, Pyrimethanil 7.22ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

2010 + 2015: Gresswell Reserve Bundoora. Pesticides: Multiple

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 301: Greswell Reserve Bundoora 

22/04/2010. Atrazine 0.006ug/L, Simazine 0.039ug/L, Terbutryn 0.001ug/L, Propiconazole 0.006ug/L.

Sediment: 22/4/10 Bifenthrin 59ug/kg, Permethrin 34ug/kg, p,p’DDE 4.7ug/kg, Trifloxystrobin 1ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Gresswell Reserve, Bundoora

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 92.2ug/kg, Diuron 221ug/kg, Permethrin 27.15ug/kg, Pyrimethanil 2ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 301: Greswell Reserve Bundoora

22/04/2010. Atrazine 0.006ug/L, Simazine 0.039ug/L, Terbutryn 0.001ug/L, Propiconazole 0.006ug/L.

Sediment: 22/4/10 Bifenthrin 59ug/kg, Permethrin 34ug/kg, p,p’DDE 4.7ug/kg, Trifloxystrobin 1ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Gresswell Reserve, Bundoora

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 92.2ug/kg, Diuron 221ug/kg, Permethrin 27.15ug/kg, Pyrimethanil 2ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

2010 April: Beaconsfield (Vic) Wetland. Pesticides: Dimethoate, Atrazine, Simazine, Carbaryl, Bifenthrin

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 300:

Berwick Views Beaconsfield

21/04/2010. Dimethoate 0.004ug/L, Atrazine 0.006ug/L, Simazine 0.037ug/L, Carbaryl 0.004ug/L.

Sediment: 21/4/10 Bifenthrin 20ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI Agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment Project Report 2009-10

Table 5: Urban Wetland Survey

Site 300:

Berwick Views Beaconsfield

21/04/2010. Dimethoate 0.004ug/L, Atrazine 0.006ug/L, Simazine 0.037ug/L, Carbaryl 0.004ug/L.

Sediment: 21/4/10 Bifenthrin 20ug/kg

2010 March: Watsons Creek Estuary. Pesticides: Boscalid

Watsons Creek 1/3/10: Sediment Boscalid 3ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Watsons Creek 1/3/10: Sediment Boscalid 3ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2010 March; Werribee River Estuary. Pesticides: Permethrin, p,p’DDE, Boscalid

Werribee River 1/3/10: Sediment Permethrin 19ug/kg, p,p’DDE 5ug/kg, Boscalid 6ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Werribee River 1/3/10: Sediment Permethrin 19ug/kg, p,p’DDE 5ug/kg, Boscalid 6ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2010 March: Little River Estuary. Pesticides: p,p’DDE

Little River Estuary 1/3/10: Sediment p,p’DDE 3ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Little River Estuary 1/3/10: Sediment p,p’DDE 3ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2010 March: Yarra River Estuary. Pesticides: p,p’DDE, p,p’DDD, p,p’DDT, Dieldrin

Yarra River 1/3/10: Sediment p,p’DDE 16ug/kg, p,p’DDD 160ug/kg, p,p’DDT 4ug/kg, Dieldrin 8ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Yarra River 1/3/10: Sediment p,p’DDE 16ug/kg, p,p’DDD 160ug/kg, p,p’DDT 4ug/kg, Dieldrin 8ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2010 March: Maribyrnong River Estuary. Pesticides: p,p’DDE, p,p’DDD

Maribyrnong River Estuary 1/3/10: Sediment p,p’DDE 3ug/kg, p,p’DDD 16ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Maribyrnong River Estuary 1/3/10: Sediment p,p’DDE 3ug/kg, p,p’DDD 16ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2009 September – 2010 January: Meadow Heights (Vic). Pesticides: Multiple

Site 41: Shankland Wetland Meadow Heights

9/9/09: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 1.6ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.07ug/L

12/10/09: Hexazinone 0.009ug/L, Simazine 1.4ug/L

7/12/09: Prometryn 0.03ug/L, Simazine: 0.1ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.02ug/L, Tebuconazole 0.004ug/L

19/1/10: Atrazine 0.004ug/L, Simazine 2.21ug/L, Terbutryn 0.01ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.31ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.001ug/L

Site 41 Sediment: 7/9/09 Simazine 11ug/kg. 7/12/09 Bifenthrin 8ug/kg. 19/1/10 Simazine 8.4ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 41: Shankland Wetland Meadow Heights

9/9/09: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 1.6ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.07ug/L

12/10/09: Hexazinone 0.009ug/L, Simazine 1.4ug/L

7/12/09: Prometryn 0.03ug/L, Simazine: 0.1ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.02ug/L, Tebuconazole 0.004ug/L

19/1/10: Atrazine 0.004ug/L, Simazine 2.21ug/L, Terbutryn 0.01ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.31ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.001ug/L

Site 41 Sediment: 7/9/09 Simazine 11ug/kg. 7/12/09 Bifenthrin 8ug/kg. 19/1/10 Simazine 8.4ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2009 September – January 2010: Brodies Lake Greenvale (Vic). Pesticides: Simazine, Desisipropylatrazine, Metalaxyl, Prometryn, Imidacloprid

Site 40: Brodies Lakes Greenvale

9/9/09: Simazine 0.66ug/L, Desisipropylatrazine 0.07ug/L

12/10/09: Simazine 0.39ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.12ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.004ug/L

7/12/09: Prometyrn 0.02ug/L, Simazine: 0.085ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.03ug/L

19/1/10: Simazine 0.049ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.072ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.005ug/L

Site 40 Sediment: 7/9/09 Simazine 27ug/kg. 12/10/09 Simazine 2ug/kg. 7/12/09 Bifenthrin 14ug/kg, Simazine 3ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 40: Brodies Lakes Greenvale

9/9/09: Simazine 0.66ug/L, Desisipropylatrazine 0.07ug/L

12/10/09: Simazine 0.39ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.12ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.004ug/L

7/12/09: Prometyrn 0.02ug/L, Simazine: 0.085ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.03ug/L

19/1/10: Simazine 0.049ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.072ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.005ug/L

Site 40 Sediment: 7/9/09 Simazine 27ug/kg. 12/10/09 Simazine 2ug/kg. 7/12/09 Bifenthrin 14ug/kg, Simazine 3ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2009 September – 2010 January: Mill Park. Pesticides detected: Simazine, Prometryn, Metalaxyl, Atrazine, Terbutryn

Site 39: Red Leap Reserve Mill Park

9/9/09: Simazine 0.05ug/L

9/10/09: Simazine 0.03ug/L

7/12/09: Prometryn 0.19ug/L, Simazine: 0.03ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.008ug/L

20/1/10: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.03ug/L, Terbutryn 0.01ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.012ug/L

Site 39 Sediment: 7/9/09 Simazine 3.1ug/kg. 20/1/10 7ug/kg. 20/1/10 Terbutryn 2ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 39: Red Leap Reserve Mill Park

9/9/09: Simazine 0.05ug/L

9/10/09: Simazine 0.03ug/L

7/12/09: Prometryn 0.19ug/L, Simazine: 0.03ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.008ug/L

20/1/10: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.03ug/L, Terbutryn 0.01ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.012ug/L

Site 39 Sediment: 7/9/09 Simazine 3.1ug/kg. 20/1/10 7ug/kg. 20/1/10 Terbutryn 2ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2009 September – 2010 January: Craigieburn. Pesticides: Atrazine, Simazine, Prometryn, Bifenthrin, Pendimethalin

Site 38: Highlands Estate Wetland Cragieburn

9/9/09: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.04ug/L

12/10/09: Simazine 0.02ug/L

7/12/09: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Prometryn 0.12ug/L, Simazine: 0.05ug/L

20/1/10: Atrzazine 0.003ug/L, Simazine 0.02ug/L

Site 38 Sediment: 7/12/09 Bifenthrin 11ug/kg, Pendimethalin 1ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 38: Highlands Estate Wetland Cragieburn

9/9/09: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.04ug/L

12/10/09: Simazine 0.02ug/L

7/12/09: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Prometryn 0.12ug/L, Simazine: 0.05ug/L

20/1/10: Atrzazine 0.003ug/L, Simazine 0.02ug/L

Site 38 Sediment: 7/12/09 Bifenthrin 11ug/kg, Pendimethalin 1ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2009 September – 2010 January: Wetland Mernda. Pesticides: Atrazine, Simazine, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Prometryn, Imidacloprid

Site 37: Stockland Development Wetland Mernda

9/9/09: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.01ug/L, Propiconazole 0.01ug/L

9/10/09: Simazine 0.03ug/L, Tebuconazole 0.006ug/L, Propiconazole 0.008ug/L

8/12/09: Prometryn 0.12ug/L, Simazine: 0.01ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.011ug/L, Propiconazole 0.003ug/L

20/1/10: Simazine 0.01ug/L, Propiconazole 0.01ug/L

Site 37: Sediment: 9/10/09: Propiconazole 2ug/kg. 20/1/10 Permethrin 55ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 37: Stockland Development Wetland Mernda

9/9/09: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.01ug/L, Propiconazole 0.01ug/L

9/10/09: Simazine 0.03ug/L, Tebuconazole 0.006ug/L, Propiconazole 0.008ug/L

8/12/09: Prometryn 0.12ug/L, Simazine: 0.01ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.011ug/L, Propiconazole 0.003ug/L

20/1/10: Simazine 0.01ug/L, Propiconazole 0.01ug/L

Site 37: Sediment: 9/10/09: Propiconazole 2ug/kg. 20/1/10 Permethrin 55ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2009 September – 2010 January: Maribyrnong River Avondale Heights. Pesticides: Multiple

Site 36: Maribyrnong @ Canning St Ford Avondale Heights

8/9/09: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.14ug/L

7/10/09: Simazine 0.06ug/L

8/12/09: Atrazine 0.004ug/L, Prometryn 0.13ug/L, Simazine: 0.53ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.05ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.034ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.011ug/L

20/1/10: Simazine 0.05ug/L, Pyraclostrobin 0.003ug/L

Site 36 Sediment: 7/9/09 Simazine 2.6ug/kg. 8/12/09 Bifenthrin 6ug/kg, p,p’DDE 4ug/kg, Dieldrin 4ug/kg, Simazine 3ug/kg, Boscalid 1.3ug/kg, Pendimethalin 2ug/kg. 20/1/10 p,p’DDE 4ug/kg, Dieldrin 1ug/kg, BHC-alpha 9ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 36: Maribyrnong @ Canning St Ford Avondale Heights

8/9/09: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.14ug/L

7/10/09: Simazine 0.06ug/L

8/12/09: Atrazine 0.004ug/L, Prometryn 0.13ug/L, Simazine: 0.53ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.05ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.034ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.011ug/L

20/1/10: Simazine 0.05ug/L, Pyraclostrobin 0.003ug/L

Site 36 Sediment: 7/9/09 Simazine 2.6ug/kg. 8/12/09 Bifenthrin 6ug/kg, p,p’DDE 4ug/kg, Dieldrin 4ug/kg, Simazine 3ug/kg, Boscalid 1.3ug/kg, Pendimethalin 2ug/kg. 20/1/10 p,p’DDE 4ug/kg, Dieldrin 1ug/kg, BHC-alpha 9ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2009 September – 2010 January: Maribyrnong River Keilor. Pesticides: Multiple

Site 35: Maribyrnong @ Calder Hwy Keilor

8/9/09: Simazine 0.45ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.05ug/L

13/10/09: Simazine: 0.1ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.021ug/L

9/12/09: Dimethoate 0.002ug/L, Dieldrin 0.002ug/L, Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Prometryn 0.08ug/L, Simazine: 0.51ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.059ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.024ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.007ug/L

19/1/10: Fenamiphos 0.001ug/L, Atrazine 0.003ug/L, Simazine 0.45ug/L, Desisoproylatrazine 0.05ug/L, Methomyl 0.002ug/L, Carbaryl 0.003ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.001ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.004ug/L, Tebufenozide 0.002ug/L

Site 35 Sediment: 7/9/09 p,p’DDE 11ug/kg, Simazine 8.2ugkg, Pirimicarb 1ug/kg. 13/10/09 p,p’DDE 13ug/kg. 9/12/09 p,p’DDE 10ug/kg, Simazine 2ug/kg, Boscalid 2ug/kg. 19/1/10 p,p’DDE 6ug/kg, Dieldrin 2ug/kg, BHC-alpha 2ug/kg. 19/1/10 Simazine 6.3ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 35: Maribyrnong @ Calder Hwy Keilor

8/9/09: Simazine 0.45ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.05ug/L

13/10/09: Simazine: 0.1ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.021ug/L

9/12/09: Dimethoate 0.002ug/L, Dieldrin 0.002ug/L, Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Prometryn 0.08ug/L, Simazine: 0.51ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.059ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.024ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.007ug/L

19/1/10: Fenamiphos 0.001ug/L, Atrazine 0.003ug/L, Simazine 0.45ug/L, Desisoproylatrazine 0.05ug/L, Methomyl 0.002ug/L, Carbaryl 0.003ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.001ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.004ug/L, Tebufenozide 0.002ug/L

Site 35 Sediment: 7/9/09 p,p’DDE 11ug/kg, Simazine 8.2ugkg, Pirimicarb 1ug/kg. 13/10/09 p,p’DDE 13ug/kg. 9/12/09 p,p’DDE 10ug/kg, Simazine 2ug/kg, Boscalid 2ug/kg. 19/1/10 p,p’DDE 6ug/kg, Dieldrin 2ug/kg, BHC-alpha 2ug/kg. 19/1/10 Simazine 6.3ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2009 September – 2010 January: Arundel Creek (Vic). Pesticides: Multiple

Site 34: Arundel Creek @ Annadale Rd Arundel

8/9/09: Dieldrin 0.019ug/L, Atrazine 0.03ug/L Simazine 0.82ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.09ug/L,

13/10/09: Dieldrin 0.026ug/L, Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Simazine: 0.19ug/L

9/12/09: Dieldrin 0.006ug/L, Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Prometryn 0.17ug/L, Simazine: 0.092ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.062ug/L

19/1/10: Dieldrin 0.014ug/L, Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Simazine 0.62ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.088ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.031ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.002ug/L

Site 34 Sediment: 7/9/09 Permethrin 49ug/kg, Dieldrin 96ug/kg, Simazine 15ug/kg. 13/10/09 Dieldrin 34ug/kg. 9/12/09 Cypermethrin 13ug/kg, Permethrin 39ug/kg, Dieldrin 25ug/kg. 19/1/10 Malathion 5ug/kg, Dieldrin 18ug/kg. 19/1/10 Simazine 2ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 34: Arundel Creek @ Annadale Rd Arundel

8/9/09: Dieldrin 0.019ug/L, Atrazine 0.03ug/L Simazine 0.82ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.09ug/L,

13/10/09: Dieldrin 0.026ug/L, Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Simazine: 0.19ug/L

9/12/09: Dieldrin 0.006ug/L, Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Prometryn 0.17ug/L, Simazine: 0.092ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.062ug/L

19/1/10: Dieldrin 0.014ug/L, Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Simazine 0.62ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.088ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.031ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.002ug/L

Site 34 Sediment: 7/9/09 Permethrin 49ug/kg, Dieldrin 96ug/kg, Simazine 15ug/kg. 13/10/09 Dieldrin 34ug/kg. 9/12/09 Cypermethrin 13ug/kg, Permethrin 39ug/kg, Dieldrin 25ug/kg. 19/1/10 Malathion 5ug/kg, Dieldrin 18ug/kg. 19/1/10 Simazine 2ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2009 September – 2010 January: Maribyrnong River Keilor. Pesticides: Simazine, Imadacloprid, Atrazine, Prometryn, Desisipropylatrazine, Metalaxyl

Site 33: Maribyrnong @ McNabs Weir Keilor

8/9/09: Simazine 0.45ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.057ug/L

8/10/09: Simazine 0.12ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.02ug/L

9/12/09: Atrazine 0.004ug/L, Prometryn 0.4ug/L, Simazine: 0.52ug/L, Desisipropylatrazine 0.04ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.036ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.007ug/L

19/1/10: Atrazine 0.003ug/L, Simazine 0.052ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L

Site 33 Sediment: 7/9/09 Simazine 4.7ug/kg. 9/12/09 p,p’DDE 3ug/kg. 19/1/10 p,p’DDE 3ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 33: Maribyrnong @ McNabs Weir Keilor

8/9/09: Simazine 0.45ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.057ug/L

8/10/09: Simazine 0.12ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.02ug/L

9/12/09: Atrazine 0.004ug/L, Prometryn 0.4ug/L, Simazine: 0.52ug/L, Desisipropylatrazine 0.04ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.036ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.007ug/L

19/1/10: Atrazine 0.003ug/L, Simazine 0.052ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L

Site 33 Sediment: 7/9/09 Simazine 4.7ug/kg. 9/12/09 p,p’DDE 3ug/kg. 19/1/10 p,p’DDE 3ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2009 September – 2010 January: Maribyrnong River Sydenham (Vic). Pesticides: Simazine, Imidacloprid, Propiconazole, Pyraclostrobin, Atrazine

Site 32: Maribyrnong d/s Jacksons Ck Sydenham

8/9/09: Simazine 0.6ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.073ug/L, Propiconazole 0.01ug/L

8/10/09: Simazine 0.2ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.025ug/L, Pyraclostrobin 0.002ug/L

19/1/10: Atrazine 0.003ug/L, Simazine 0.054ug/L

Site 32 Sediment: 7/9/09 Simazine 6ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 32: Maribyrnong d/s Jacksons Ck Sydenham

8/9/09: Simazine 0.6ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.073ug/L, Propiconazole 0.01ug/L

8/10/09: Simazine 0.2ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.025ug/L, Pyraclostrobin 0.002ug/L

19/1/10: Atrazine 0.003ug/L, Simazine 0.054ug/L

Site 32 Sediment: 7/9/09 Simazine 6ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2009 September – 2010 January: Deep Creek, Bulla (Vic). Pesticides: Propinconazole, Simazine, Atrazine, Prometryn, Desisopropyl Atrazine, Imidacloprid, Metalaxyl

Site 31: Deep Ck @ Bulla Rd Bulla

8/9/09: Propiconazole 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.02ug/L

7/10/09: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.01ug/L

9/12/09: Atrzazine 0.005ug/L, Prometryn 0.66ug/L, Simazine: 0.22ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.02ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.029ug/L

19/1/10: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.03ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L

Site 31 Sediment: 7/9/09 p,p’DDE 8.7ug/kg, Dieldrin 6.3ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 31: Deep Ck @ Bulla Rd Bulla

8/9/09: Propiconazole 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.02ug/L

7/10/09: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.01ug/L

9/12/09: Atrzazine 0.005ug/L, Prometryn 0.66ug/L, Simazine: 0.22ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.02ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.029ug/L

19/1/10: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.03ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L

Site 31 Sediment: 7/9/09 p,p’DDE 8.7ug/kg, Dieldrin 6.3ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

 

 

2009 October – 2010 January: Jacksons Creek Sunbury (Vic). Pesticides: Simazine, Imidacloprid, Metalaxyl, Atrazine, Prometryn, Azoxystrobin

30 Jacksons Ck @ Homestead Way Sunbury

7/10/09: Simazine: 0.03ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.015ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.004ug/L

9/12/09: Atrazine 0.003ug/L, Prometryn 0.49ug/L, Simazine: 0.03ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.005ug/L

19/1/10: Simazine 0.02ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.004ug/L, Azoxystrobin 0.001ug/L

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

30 Jacksons Ck @ Homestead Way Sunbury

7/10/09: Simazine: 0.03ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.015ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.004ug/L

9/12/09: Atrazine 0.003ug/L, Prometryn 0.49ug/L, Simazine: 0.03ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.005ug/L

19/1/10: Simazine 0.02ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.004ug/L, Azoxystrobin 0.001ug/L

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2009 September – 2010 January: Darebin Creek Fairfield. Pesticides: Multiple

Site17: Darebin Creek Abbott Rd, Fairfield

9/9/09: Dieldrin 0.002ug/L, Atrazine 0.01ug/L Simazine 1.5ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.04ug/L

5/10/09: Hexazinone 0.004ug/L, Simazine 0.13ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.02ug/L

10/12/09: Fenamiphos 0.002ug/L, Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Prometryn 0.66ug/L, Simazine 0.14ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.006ug/L, Carbaryl 0.004ug/L

20/1/10: Fenamiphos 0.009ug/L, Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.11ug/L, Terbutryn 0.003ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L, Azoxystrobin 0.001ug/L

Site 17 Sediment: 7/9/09 Permethrin 84ug/kg, Dieldrin 25ug/kg, Endosulfan beta 3ug/kg, Simazine 79ug/kg. 5/10/09: Dieldrin 25ug/kg. 10/12/09 Dieldrin 7ug/kg, Simazine 1.6ug/kg. 20/1/10 Aldrin 5ug/kg, Dieldrin 12ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site17: Darebin Creek Abbott Rd, Fairfield

9/9/09: Dieldrin 0.002ug/L, Atrazine 0.01ug/L Simazine 1.5ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.04ug/L

5/10/09: Hexazinone 0.004ug/L, Simazine 0.13ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.02ug/L

10/12/09: Fenamiphos 0.002ug/L, Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Prometryn 0.66ug/L, Simazine 0.14ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.006ug/L, Carbaryl 0.004ug/L

20/1/10: Fenamiphos 0.009ug/L, Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.11ug/L, Terbutryn 0.003ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L, Azoxystrobin 0.001ug/L

Site 17 Sediment: 7/9/09 Permethrin 84ug/kg, Dieldrin 25ug/kg, Endosulfan beta 3ug/kg, Simazine 79ug/kg. 5/10/09: Dieldrin 25ug/kg. 10/12/09 Dieldrin 7ug/kg, Simazine 1.6ug/kg. 20/1/10 Aldrin 5ug/kg, Dieldrin 12ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2009 September – 2010 January: Merri Creek Clifton Hill. Pesticides: Multiple

Site 16: Merri Creek Roseneath St Clifton Hill

9/9/09: Atrazine 0.01ug/L Simazine 1.5ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.08ug/L

13/10/09: Simazine 0.33ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.05ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.019ug/L

10/12/09: Atrazine 0.026ug/L, Prometryn 0.9ug/L, Simazine 0.36ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.05ug/L, Carbaryl 0.004ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.002ug/L, Triadimefon 0.002ug/L, Propiconazole 0.01ug/L

20/1/10: Dichlorvos 0.009ug/L, Dimethoate 0.002ug/L, Atrazine 0.2ug/L, Hexazinone 0.042ug/L, Simazine 0.29ug/L, Terbutryn 0.004ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.04ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.002ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.003ug/L

Site 16 Sediment: 7/9/09 p,p’DDE 50ug/kg, Dieldrin 23ug/kg, Simazine 50ug/kg. 3/10/09 Dieldrin 20ug/kg, Simazine 3ug/kg. 10/12/09 p,p’DDE 6ug/kg, Dieldrin 8ug/kg, Simazine 1.5ug/kg. 20/1/10 Bifenthrin 25ug/kg, Aldrin 5ug/kg, Dieldrin 10ug/kg. 20/1/10 Simazine 2ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 16: Merri Creek Roseneath St Clifton Hill

9/9/09: Atrazine 0.01ug/L Simazine 1.5ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.08ug/L

13/10/09: Simazine 0.33ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.05ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.019ug/L

10/12/09: Atrazine 0.026ug/L, Prometryn 0.9ug/L, Simazine 0.36ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.05ug/L, Carbaryl 0.004ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.002ug/L, Triadimefon 0.002ug/L, Propiconazole 0.01ug/L

20/1/10: Dichlorvos 0.009ug/L, Dimethoate 0.002ug/L, Atrazine 0.2ug/L, Hexazinone 0.042ug/L, Simazine 0.29ug/L, Terbutryn 0.004ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.04ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.002ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.003ug/L

Site 16 Sediment: 7/9/09 p,p’DDE 50ug/kg, Dieldrin 23ug/kg, Simazine 50ug/kg. 3/10/09 Dieldrin 20ug/kg, Simazine 3ug/kg. 10/12/09 p,p’DDE 6ug/kg, Dieldrin 8ug/kg, Simazine 1.5ug/kg. 20/1/10 Bifenthrin 25ug/kg, Aldrin 5ug/kg, Dieldrin 10ug/kg. 20/1/10 Simazine 2ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2009/2010 + 2015: Lynbrook Estate Wetlands. Pesticides: Multiple

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 29: Lynbrook Estate Wetlands Lynbrook Bvd, Lynbrook

8/9/09: Simazine 0.02ug/L

6/10/09: Bifenthrin 0.14ug/L, Atrazine 0.005ug/L, Simazine 0.02ug/L

16/12/09: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Prometryn 0.67ug/L, Simazine 0.65ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.062ug/L

22/1/10: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Prometryn 0.001ug/L, Simazine 0.29ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.005ug/L

Site 29: Sediment: 7/9/09  p,p’DDE 7.4ug/kg, p,pDDD 39ug/kg, p,p’DDT 157ug/kg, Dieldrin 11ug/kg, Endosulfan alpha 10ug/kg. 6/10/09: Bifenthrin 23ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Lynbrook Estate Wetlands

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 136ug/kg, DEET 4.8ug/kg, Diuron 165ug/kg, Fenamiphos 69.6ug/kg, Permethrin 49.2ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 29: Lynbrook Estate Wetlands Lynbrook Bvd, Lynbrook

8/9/09: Simazine 0.02ug/L

6/10/09: Bifenthrin 0.14ug/L, Atrazine 0.005ug/L, Simazine 0.02ug/L

16/12/09: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Prometryn 0.67ug/L, Simazine 0.65ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.062ug/L

22/1/10: Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Prometryn 0.001ug/L, Simazine 0.29ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.005ug/L

Site 29: Sediment: 7/9/09  p,p’DDE 7.4ug/kg, p,pDDD 39ug/kg, p,p’DDT 157ug/kg, Dieldrin 11ug/kg, Endosulfan alpha 10ug/kg. 6/10/09: Bifenthrin 23ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Lynbrook Estate Wetlands

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 136ug/kg, DEET 4.8ug/kg, Diuron 165ug/kg, Fenamiphos 69.6ug/kg, Permethrin 49.2ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

2009 September – 2010 January: Koonung Creek (Vic). Pesticides: Multiple

Site 28: Koonung Creek Bulleen Rd

9/9/09: p,p-DDE 0.004ug/L, Dieldrin 0.007ug/L, Simazine 0.08ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.049ug/L

14/10/09: Dimethoate 0.005ug/L, Dieldrin 0.004ug/L, Simazine 1.9ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.021ug/L, Tebuconazole 0.01ug/L

22/1/10: Dimethoate 0.004ug/L, Simazine 0.29ug/L, Terbutryn 0.003ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.004ug/L, Azoxystrobin 0.001ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.03ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.042ug/L

Site 28 Sediment: 7/9/09 p.p’DDE 16ug/kg, Dieldrin 38ug/kg, Simazine 23 ug/kg. 14/10/09 Bifenthrin 34ug/kg, p,p’DDE 16ug/kg, Dieldrin 27ug/kg, Simazine 3.8ug/kg. 22/1/10 Bifenthrin 25ug/kg, Aldrin 3ug/kg, p,p’DDE 4ug/kg, Dieldrin 7ug/kg, trans-chlordane 3ug/kg. 22/1/10 Propiconazole 2ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 28: Koonung Creek Bulleen Rd

9/9/09: p,p-DDE 0.004ug/L, Dieldrin 0.007ug/L, Simazine 0.08ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.049ug/L

14/10/09: Dimethoate 0.005ug/L, Dieldrin 0.004ug/L, Simazine 1.9ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.021ug/L, Tebuconazole 0.01ug/L

22/1/10: Dimethoate 0.004ug/L, Simazine 0.29ug/L, Terbutryn 0.003ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.004ug/L, Azoxystrobin 0.001ug/L, Desisopropylatrazine 0.03ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.042ug/L

Site 28 Sediment: 7/9/09 p.p’DDE 16ug/kg, Dieldrin 38ug/kg, Simazine 23 ug/kg. 14/10/09 Bifenthrin 34ug/kg, p,p’DDE 16ug/kg, Dieldrin 27ug/kg, Simazine 3.8ug/kg. 22/1/10 Bifenthrin 25ug/kg, Aldrin 3ug/kg, p,p’DDE 4ug/kg, Dieldrin 7ug/kg, trans-chlordane 3ug/kg. 22/1/10 Propiconazole 2ug/kg

 

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2009 September – 2010 January: Dandenong Creek Wantirna. Pesticides: Multiple

Site 27: Dandenong Creek Wantirna Rd

9/9/09: Dieldrin 0.007ug/L, Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.08ug/L, Methomyl 0.014ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.007ug/L, Propiconazole 0.07ug/L

6/10/09: Dimethoate 0.003ug/L, Dieldrin 0.004ug/L, Simazine 0.94ug/L, Tebuconazole 0.03ug/L, Propiconazole 0.02ug/L

16/12/09: Prometryn 0.35ug/L, Simazine 0.4ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.051ug/L, Oxadixyl 0.008ug/L, Tebuconazole 0.042ug/L, Propiconazole 0.034ug/L

22/1/10: Simazine 0.38ug/L, Terbutryn 0.003ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.015ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.002ug/L, Azoxystrobin 0.002ug/L

 Site 27 Sediment: 6/10/09: Bifenthrin 50ug/kg, Dieldrin 25ug/kg, Simazine 3.5ug/kg, Tebuconazole 4ug/kg, Propiconazole 3ug/kg. 16/12/09 Bifenthrin 12ug/kg, p,p’DDE 3ug/kg, Dieldrin 12ug/kg, Fenarimol 160ug/kg, Simazine 1.1ug/kg, Propiconazole 2ug/kg. 22/1/10 Bifenthrin 54ug/kg. 22/1/10 Tebuconazole 2ug/kg, Propiconazole 2ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 27: Dandenong Creek Wantirna Rd

9/9/09: Dieldrin 0.007ug/L, Atrazine 0.01ug/L, Simazine 0.08ug/L, Methomyl 0.014ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.007ug/L, Propiconazole 0.07ug/L

6/10/09: Dimethoate 0.003ug/L, Dieldrin 0.004ug/L, Simazine 0.94ug/L, Tebuconazole 0.03ug/L, Propiconazole 0.02ug/L

16/12/09: Prometryn 0.35ug/L, Simazine 0.4ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.051ug/L, Oxadixyl 0.008ug/L, Tebuconazole 0.042ug/L, Propiconazole 0.034ug/L

22/1/10: Simazine 0.38ug/L, Terbutryn 0.003ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.015ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.002ug/L, Azoxystrobin 0.002ug/L

Site 27 Sediment: 6/10/09: Bifenthrin 50ug/kg, Dieldrin 25ug/kg, Simazine 3.5ug/kg, Tebuconazole 4ug/kg, Propiconazole 3ug/kg. 16/12/09 Bifenthrin 12ug/kg, p,p’DDE 3ug/kg, Dieldrin 12ug/kg, Fenarimol 160ug/kg, Simazine 1.1ug/kg, Propiconazole 2ug/kg. 22/1/10 Bifenthrin 54ug/kg. 22/1/10 Tebuconazole 2ug/kg, Propiconazole 2ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2009 September – January 2010: Gardiners Creek (Vic). Pesticides: Multiple

Site 26: Gardiners Creek upstream-High St Glen Iris

8/9/09: Atrazine 0.01ug/L Simazine 0.55ug/L, Terbutryn 0.01ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.092ug/L

20/10/09: Dimethoate 0.002ug/L, Dieldrin 0.003ug/L, Simazine 0.08ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.025ug/L

22/1/10: Dimethoate 0.002ug/L, Simazine 0.49ug/L, Terbutryn 0.002ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L, Azoxystrobin 0.002ug/L

 Site 26 Sediment: 7/9/09 Bifenthrin 110ug/kg, p,p’DDE 20ug/kg, Dieldrin 28ug/kg, Simazine 12ug/kg. 20/10/09: Bifenthrin 25ug/kg, Dieldrin 18ug/kg, Simazine 2ug/kg. 22/1/10 Bifenthrin 43ug/kg, Chlorpyrifos 4ug/kg, Aldrin 4ug/kg, p,p’DDE 4ug/kg, Dieldrin 9ug/kg, trans-chlordane 3ug/kg. 22/1/10 Trifloxystrobin 1ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 26: Gardiners Creek upstream-High St Glen Iris

8/9/09: Atrazine 0.01ug/L Simazine 0.55ug/L, Terbutryn 0.01ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.092ug/L

20/10/09: Dimethoate 0.002ug/L, Dieldrin 0.003ug/L, Simazine 0.08ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.025ug/L

22/1/10: Dimethoate 0.002ug/L, Simazine 0.49ug/L, Terbutryn 0.002ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.001ug/L, Azoxystrobin 0.002ug/L

Site 26 Sediment: 7/9/09 Bifenthrin 110ug/kg, p,p’DDE 20ug/kg, Dieldrin 28ug/kg, Simazine 12ug/kg. 20/10/09: Bifenthrin 25ug/kg, Dieldrin 18ug/kg, Simazine 2ug/kg. 22/1/10 Bifenthrin 43ug/kg, Chlorpyrifos 4ug/kg, Aldrin 4ug/kg, p,p’DDE 4ug/kg, Dieldrin 9ug/kg, trans-chlordane 3ug/kg. 22/1/10 Trifloxystrobin 1ug/kg

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

2009/2010 + 2015: Platypus Wetlands Lilydale. Pesticides Multiple

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 25: Platypus wetlands (Hull Rd wetlands) Hull Rd, Lilydale

7/9/09: Dimethoate 0.003ug/L, Simazine 0.04ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.012ug/L, Indoxacarb 0.005ug/L

21/10/09: Simazine 0.02ug/L, Tebufenazole 0.006ug/L

10/12/09: Dimethoate 0.059ug/L, Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Prometryn 1.64ug/L, Simazine 0.37ug/L, Methomyl 0.051ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.014ug/L, Oxadixyl 0.002ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.003ug/L, Myclobutanil 0.004ug/L, Fenoxycarb 0.002ug/L

21/1/10: Simazine 0.03ug/L, Methomyl 0.019ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.002ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.003ug/L

 Site 25 Sediment: 10/12/09 Simazine 1.7ug/kg, Myclobutanil 1.1ug/kg, Penconazole 1ug/kg. 21/1/10 Oxychlordane 8ug/kg, trans-chlordane 1ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Platypus Wetlands Lilydale

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 23ug/kg, DEET 18ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

Melbourne Water and DPI agrochemicals in Port Phillip Catchment project report 2009-10

Site 25: Platypus wetlands (Hull Rd wetlands) Hull Rd, Lilydale

7/9/09: Dimethoate 0.003ug/L, Simazine 0.04ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.012ug/L, Indoxacarb 0.005ug/L

21/10/09: Simazine 0.02ug/L, Tebufenazole 0.006ug/L

10/12/09: Dimethoate 0.059ug/L, Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Prometryn 1.64ug/L, Simazine 0.37ug/L, Methomyl 0.051ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.014ug/L, Oxadixyl 0.002ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.003ug/L, Myclobutanil 0.004ug/L, Fenoxycarb 0.002ug/L

21/1/10: Simazine 0.03ug/L, Methomyl 0.019ug/L, Pirimicarb 0.002ug/L, Metalaxyl 0.003ug/L

Site 25 Sediment: 10/12/09 Simazine 1.7ug/kg, Myclobutanil 1.1ug/kg, Penconazole 1ug/kg. 21/1/10 Oxychlordane 8ug/kg, trans-chlordane 1ug/kg

Potentially toxic concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids associated with low density residential land use

Supplementary Material

Stephen Marshall*, David Sharley, Katherine Jeppe, Simon Sharp, Gavin Rose, Vincent Pettigrove

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075/full

Platypus Wetlands Lilydale

Sediment

Feb/April 2015: Bifenthrin 23ug/kg, DEET 18ug/kg

also see: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-common-insecticide-poisoning-our-rivers-and-wetlands

 

2012 October – 2013 February: Troups Creek Narre Warren. Pesticides: Multiple

Site #210. Troups Creek retarding basin (RB) wetland (suburban storm water retention system from which water reuse to domestic customers by SE Water). Narre Warren

Oct 12: Simazine 0.047ug/L, DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.01ug/L, Diuron 0.03ug/L, Metolachlor 0.001ug/L, Dicamba 0.063ug/L, 2,4-D 0.018ug/L, MCPA 0.1ug/L, Triclopyr 0.027ug/L, Metsulfuron Methyl 0.005ug/L

Feb 13: Simazine 0.1ug/L, DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.013ug/L, Diuron 0.051ug/L, Terbutyrn 0.002ug/L, Picloram 0.079ug/L, 2,4-D 0.004ug/L, MCPA 0.133ug/L, Triclopyr 0.009ug/L

Use of novel rapid assessment tools for efficient monitoring of micropollutants in urban storm water

(SWF Project 8OS – 8100) Final Report Graeme Allinson Mayumi Allinson, Jackie Myers, Vincent Pettigrove

Site #210. Troups Creek retarding basin (RB) wetland (suburban storm water retention system from which water reuse to domestic customers by SE Water). Narre Warren

Oct 12: Simazine 0.047ug/L, DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.01ug/L, Diuron 0.03ug/L, Metolachlor 0.001ug/L, Dicamba 0.063ug/L, 2,4-D 0.018ug/L, MCPA 0.1ug/L, Triclopyr 0.027ug/L, Metsulfuron Methyl 0.005ug/L

Feb 13: Simazine 0.1ug/L, DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.013ug/L, Diuron 0.051ug/L, Terbutyrn 0.002ug/L, Picloram 0.079ug/L, 2,4-D 0.004ug/L, MCPA 0.133ug/L, Triclopyr 0.009ug/L

Use of novel rapid assessment tools for efficient monitoring of micropollutants in urban storm water

(SWF Project 8OS – 8100) Final Report Graeme Allinson Mayumi Allinson, Jackie Myers, Vincent Pettigrove

2012 October – 2013 February: Ti-Tree Creek Berwick. Pesticides: Multiple

Site #209. Ti-Tree Creek drainage scheme (DS) (suburban storm water retention system). Clyde road/greaves rd Berwick

Oct 12: Simazine 0.14ug/L. DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.01ug/L, Atrazine 0.005ug/L, Diuron 0.02ug/L, Metolachlor 0.42ug/L, Prometryn 0.17ug/L, Linuron 0.04ug/L, Clopyralid 0.056ug/L, Dicamba 0.05ug/L, 2,4-D 0.075ug/L, MCPA 0.51ug/L, Triclopyr 0.024ug/L, Metsulfuron Methyl 0.016ug/L

Feb 13: Simazine 0.117ug/L, DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.017ug/L, Diuron 0.025ug/L, Metolachlor 0.029ug/L, Prometryn 0.028ug/L, Clopyralid 0.011ug/L, 2,4-D 0.033ug/L, MCPA 0.277ug/L, Triclopyr 0.004ug/L, Metsulfuron Methyl 0.018ug/L

Use of novel rapid assessment tools for efficient monitoring of micropollutants in urban storm water

(SWF Project 8OS – 8100) Final Report Graeme Allinson Mayumi Allinson, Jackie Myers, Vincent Pettigrove

Site #209. Ti-Tree Creek drainage scheme (DS) (suburban storm water retention system). Clyde road/greaves rd Berwick

Oct 12: Simazine 0.14ug/L. DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.01ug/L, Atrazine 0.005ug/L, Diuron 0.02ug/L, Metolachlor 0.42ug/L, Prometryn 0.17ug/L, Linuron 0.04ug/L, Clopyralid 0.056ug/L, Dicamba 0.05ug/L, 2,4-D 0.075ug/L, MCPA 0.51ug/L, Triclopyr 0.024ug/L, Metsulfuron Methyl 0.016ug/L

Feb 13: Simazine 0.117ug/L, DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.017ug/L, Diuron 0.025ug/L, Metolachlor 0.029ug/L, Prometryn 0.028ug/L, Clopyralid 0.011ug/L, 2,4-D 0.033ug/L, MCPA 0.277ug/L, Triclopyr 0.004ug/L, Metsulfuron Methyl 0.018ug/L

Use of novel rapid assessment tools for efficient monitoring of micropollutants in urban storm water

(SWF Project 8OS – 8100) Final Report Graeme Allinson Mayumi Allinson, Jackie Myers, Vincent Pettigrove

2012 October – 2013 February: Wallan Wetlands. Pesticides: Multiple

Oct 12: Simazine 0.022ug/L, Atrazine 0.009ug/L, Diuron 0.03ug/L, Clopyralid 0.03ug/L, Dicamba 0.12ug/L, 2,4-D 0.018ug/L, MCPA 0.28ug/L, Triclopyr 0.085ug/L, Metsulfuron Methyl 0.057ug/L.

Feb 13: Simazine 0.018ug/L, Atrazine 0.008ug/L, Diuron 0.044ug/L, Clopyralid 0.016ug/L, 2,4-D 0.013ug/L, MCPA 0.005ug/L, Triclopyr 0.007ug/L, Metsulfuron Methyl 0.008ug/L

Use of novel rapid assessment tools for efficient monitoring of micropollutants in urban storm water

(SWF Project 8OS – 8100) Final Report Graeme Allinson Mayumi Allinson, Jackie Myers, Vincent Pettigrove

Site #208. Wallan Wetlands (a regional urban (town) catchment).

Oct 12: Simazine 0.022ug/L, Atrazine 0.009ug/L, Diuron 0.03ug/L, Clopyralid 0.03ug/L, Dicamba 0.12ug/L, 2,4-D 0.018ug/L, MCPA 0.28ug/L, Triclopyr 0.085ug/L, Metsulfuron Methyl 0.057ug/L.

Feb 13: Simazine 0.018ug/L, Atrazine 0.008ug/L, Diuron 0.044ug/L, Clopyralid 0.016ug/L, 2,4-D 0.013ug/L, MCPA 0.005ug/L, Triclopyr 0.007ug/L, Metsulfuron Methyl 0.008ug/L

Use of novel rapid assessment tools for efficient monitoring of micropollutants in urban storm water

(SWF Project 8OS – 8100) Final Report Graeme Allinson Mayumi Allinson, Jackie Myers, Vincent Pettigrove

2012 October – 2013 February: Afton Street Wetlands, Aberfeldie (Vic). Pesticides: Multiple

Site #207. Afton St Wetlands (a wetland system for storm water harvesting and irrigation). (Aberfeldie)

Oct 12: Simazine 0.35ug/L. DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.031ug/L, Atrazine 0.008ug/L, Diuron 0.09ug/L, Metolachlor 0.002ug/L, Dicamba 0.036ug/L, 2,4-D 0.019ug/L, MCPA 0.09ug/L, Triclopyr 0.009ug/L

Feb 13: Simazine 0.194ug/L, DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.034ug/L, Atrazine 0.005ug/L, Diuron 0.047ug/L, Terbutryn 0.004ug/L, 2,4-D 0.006ug/L, MCPA 0.027ug/L, Triclopyr 0.123ug/L

Use of novel rapid assessment tools for efficient monitoring of micropollutants in urban storm water

(SWF Project 8OS – 8100) Final Report Graeme Allinson Mayumi Allinson, Jackie Myers, Vincent Pettigrove

Site #207. Afton St Wetlands (a wetland system for storm water harvesting and irrigation). (Aberfeldie)

Oct 12: Simazine 0.35ug/L. DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.031ug/L, Atrazine 0.008ug/L, Diuron 0.09ug/L, Metolachlor 0.002ug/L, Dicamba 0.036ug/L, 2,4-D 0.019ug/L, MCPA 0.09ug/L, Triclopyr 0.009ug/L

Feb 13: Simazine 0.194ug/L, DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.034ug/L, Atrazine 0.005ug/L, Diuron 0.047ug/L, Terbutryn 0.004ug/L, 2,4-D 0.006ug/L, MCPA 0.027ug/L, Triclopyr 0.123ug/L

Use of novel rapid assessment tools for efficient monitoring of micropollutants in urban storm water

(SWF Project 8OS – 8100) Final Report Graeme Allinson Mayumi Allinson, Jackie Myers, Vincent Pettigrove

2012 October: Edinburgh Gardens Fitzroy. Pesticides: Multiple

Site #206. Edinburgh Gardens (a bioretention system for storm water harvesting and irrigation).

Oct 12: Simazine 0.22ug/L, DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.04ug/L, DEA ( desethyl atrazine) 0.005ug/L, Atrazine 0.012ug/L, Diuron 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 0.002ug/L, Clopyralid 0.059ug/L, 2,4-D 0.01ug/L, MCPA 0.2ug/L, Triclopyr 0.006ug/L, Metsulfuron Methyl 0.003ug/L

Use of novel rapid assessment tools for efficient monitoring of micropollutants in urban storm water

(SWF Project 8OS – 8100) Final Report Graeme Allinson Mayumi Allinson, Jackie Myers, Vincent Pettigrove

Site #206. Edinburgh Gardens (a bioretention system for storm water harvesting and irrigation).

Oct 12: Simazine 0.22ug/L, DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.04ug/L, DEA ( desethyl atrazine) 0.005ug/L, Atrazine 0.012ug/L, Diuron 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 0.002ug/L, Clopyralid 0.059ug/L, 2,4-D 0.01ug/L, MCPA 0.2ug/L, Triclopyr 0.006ug/L, Metsulfuron Methyl 0.003ug/L

Use of novel rapid assessment tools for efficient monitoring of micropollutants in urban storm water

(SWF Project 8OS – 8100) Final Report Graeme Allinson Mayumi Allinson, Jackie Myers, Vincent Pettigrove

2012 October – 2013 February: Sanctuary Lakes Leopold. Pesticides: Multiple

Site #205. Sanctuary Lakes, Leopold (suburban storm water retention system).

Oct 12: Simazine 2ug/L, DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.14ug/L, Atrazine 0.013ug/L, Diuron 0.05ug/L, Metolachlor 0.002ug/L, 2,4-D 0.051ug/L, MCPA 0.4ug/L, Triclopyr 0.006ug/L .

Feb 13: 0.513ug/L, DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.142ug/L, Atrazine 0.007ug/L, Diuron 0.27ug/L, Terbutryn 0.008ug/L, Picloram 0.14ug/L, 2,4-D 0.006ug/L, MCPA 0.016ug/L, Triclopyr 0.002ug/L

Use of novel rapid assessment tools for efficient monitoring of micropollutants in urban storm water

(SWF Project 8OS – 8100) Final Report Graeme Allinson Mayumi Allinson, Jackie Myers, Vincent Pettigrove

Site #205. Sanctuary Lakes, Leopold (suburban storm water retention system).

Oct 12: Simazine 2ug/L, DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.14ug/L, Atrazine 0.013ug/L, Diuron 0.05ug/L, Metolachlor 0.002ug/L, 2,4-D 0.051ug/L, MCPA 0.4ug/L, Triclopyr 0.006ug/L .

Feb 13: 0.513ug/L, DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.142ug/L, Atrazine 0.007ug/L, Diuron 0.27ug/L, Terbutryn 0.008ug/L, Picloram 0.14ug/L, 2,4-D 0.006ug/L, MCPA 0.016ug/L, Triclopyr 0.002ug/L

Use of novel rapid assessment tools for efficient monitoring of micropollutants in urban storm water

(SWF Project 8OS – 8100) Final Report Graeme Allinson Mayumi Allinson, Jackie Myers, Vincent Pettigrove

2012 October – February 2013: Darling Street East Melbourne. Pesticides Multiple.

Darling Street Storm Water Collection System

Site #203. Darling St storm water collection system, East Melbourne (inner urban, newly established system; CAPIM investigations at this site began in 2011-12, as part of a study funded by the City of Melbourne in this system (providing additional in-kind support to this study)).

Oct 12: Simazine 0.097ug/L, DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.33ug/L, Diuron 0.31ug/L, Metolachlor 0.002ug/L, Clopyralid 0.01ug/L, Dicamba 0.12ug/L, 2,4-D 0.067ug/L, MCPA 0.051ug/L, Triclopyr 0.014ug/L.

Feb 13: Simazine 0.013ug/L, DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.714ug/L, Diuron 0.185ug/L, Metolachlor 0.002ug/L, Fluroxpyr 0.021ug/L, 2,4-D 0.002ug/L, Triclopyr 0.054ug/L

Use of novel rapid assessment tools for efficient monitoring of micropollutants in urban storm water

(SWF Project 8OS – 8100) Final Report Graeme Allinson Mayumi Allinson, Jackie Myers, Vincent Pettigrove

Darling Street Storm Water Collection System

Site #203. Darling St storm water collection system, East Melbourne (inner urban, newly established system; CAPIM investigations at this site began in 2011-12, as part of a study funded by the City of Melbourne in this system (providing additional in-kind support to this study)).

Oct 12: Simazine 0.097ug/L, DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.33ug/L, Diuron 0.31ug/L, Metolachlor 0.002ug/L, Clopyralid 0.01ug/L, Dicamba 0.12ug/L, 2,4-D 0.067ug/L, MCPA 0.051ug/L, Triclopyr 0.014ug/L.

Feb 13: Simazine 0.013ug/L, DIA (desisopropyl atrazine) 0.714ug/L, Diuron 0.185ug/L, Metolachlor 0.002ug/L, Fluroxpyr 0.021ug/L, 2,4-D 0.002ug/L, Triclopyr 0.054ug/L

Use of novel rapid assessment tools for efficient monitoring of micropollutants in urban storm water

(SWF Project 8OS – 8100) Final Report Graeme Allinson Mayumi Allinson, Jackie Myers, Vincent Pettigrove

2011 April: Nambour (Qld). Road workers hospitalised.

Seven Treated after Chemical Spill

Sunshine Coast Daily 14 April 2011

A CREW of seven road maintenance workers had to be treated in hospital for exposure to a dangerous pesticide which spilled out of a dumped drum.

The men were working an overnight shift on the Bruce Highway near the turn-off to Keel Mountain Road at Nambour yesterday.

It is not known how the chemicals spilled on the roadside but it is understood the men where doing excavation-type duties.

A Department of Emergency Services spokeswoman said six of the workers presented to Nambour General Hospital from about 4am.

Firefighters were called in to erect decontamination showers outside emergency and helped doctors to inspect the severity of the men’s injuries.

They were suffering from minor irritations such as pain and swelling of the eye.

The spokeswoman said another man presented himself to Royal Brisbane Hospital about 6am after completing his shift.

Fire crews removed the pesticide drum from Keel Mountain Road and made sure the site was safe.

https://www.sunshinecoastdaily.com.au/news/seven-treated-after-chemical-spill/824241/

Seven Treated after Chemical Spill

Sunshine Coast Daily 14 April 2011

A CREW of seven road maintenance workers had to be treated in hospital for exposure to a dangerous pesticide which spilled out of a dumped drum.

The men were working an overnight shift on the Bruce Highway near the turn-off to Keel Mountain Road at Nambour yesterday.

It is not known how the chemicals spilled on the roadside but it is understood the men where doing excavation-type duties.

A Department of Emergency Services spokeswoman said six of the workers presented to Nambour General Hospital from about 4am.

Firefighters were called in to erect decontamination showers outside emergency and helped doctors to inspect the severity of the men’s injuries.

They were suffering from minor irritations such as pain and swelling of the eye.

The spokeswoman said another man presented himself to Royal Brisbane Hospital about 6am after completing his shift.

Fire crews removed the pesticide drum from Keel Mountain Road and made sure the site was safe.

https://www.sunshinecoastdaily.com.au/news/seven-treated-after-chemical-spill/824241/

2007 July: Lockwood (Vic). Truck Crash herbicides.

Driver alert as Roads Freeze

The Age July 18 2007

Icy conditions are causing havoc on Victorian roads as the big chill settles across central Victoria.

After more near-zero temperatures this morning, rain and sleet have turned into black ice on many roads, making them treacherous hazards.

In the worst reported incident, ice is being blamed for a huge herbicide spill after a truck rolled on black ice on the Calder Alternative Road at Lockwood about 3.45am.

The truck was carrying 64 20-litre drums of weed killer, many of which have now spilled causing emergency services to close the road in both directions.

A CFA spokeswoman said specialists from the Environment Protection Agency and 20 firefighters wearing splash suits were attempting a "recovery proceedure".

"They are using over-sized drums to take away the broken drums," said the spokeswoman.

The male truck driver has been taken to hospital.

https://www.theage.com.au/news/national/driver-alert-as-roads-freeze/2007/07/18/1184559820055.html

Driver alert as Roads Freeze

The Age July 18 2007

Icy conditions are causing havoc on Victorian roads as the big chill settles across central Victoria.

After more near-zero temperatures this morning, rain and sleet have turned into black ice on many roads, making them treacherous hazards.

In the worst reported incident, ice is being blamed for a huge herbicide spill after a truck rolled on black ice on the Calder Alternative Road at Lockwood about 3.45am.

The truck was carrying 64 20-litre drums of weed killer, many of which have now spilled causing emergency services to close the road in both directions.

A CFA spokeswoman said specialists from the Environment Protection Agency and 20 firefighters wearing splash suits were attempting a “recovery proceedure”.

“They are using over-sized drums to take away the broken drums,” said the spokeswoman.

The male truck driver has been taken to hospital.

https://www.theage.com.au/news/national/driver-alert-as-roads-freeze/2007/07/18/1184559820055.html

2014 September: Wagga (NSW). Truck accident

Truck involved in Wagga Chemical Spill Unregistered

September 30 2014 - The Daily Advertiser

POLICE say the truck involved in an accident that shut down a major Wagga intersection for about nine hours on Monday was unregistered.

The truck, laden with farm equipment and chemicals, was being driven north on the Olympic Highway by a 31-year-old West Albury man when the accident occurred.

Investigators say as the truck approached the intersection of the Sturt and Olympic highways, shortly after 10am, the driver lost control and the vehicle rolled down an embankment.

The driver managed to free himself and was assisted by passing motorists.

He was treated at the scene by paramedics for minor injuries and grazing.

Due to the hazardous nature of the truck's cargo, a 100-metre exclusion zone was put in place and the intersection closed for most of the day.

Fire and Rescue NSW HAZMAT crews worked to contain the spill, understood to have been about 1000 litres of herbicide.

Containment lines were set up to prevent any spread into a nearby creek.

The road closure caused extensive detours, with Sturt Highway motorists diverted through Uranquinty.
See your ad here

Pearson Street, Glenfield Road and Red Hill Road were used as an alternate route by motorists travelling in all directions.

Westbound lanes at the intersection were re-opened about 5.50pm, with the scene cleared by 7.15pm.

In a statement, released on Tuesday, Wagga police said "preliminary investigations revealed that the truck was unregistered".

The truck has been seized by Roads and Maritime Services pending a mechanical examination.

Inquiries into the accident are continuing.

https://www.dailyadvertiser.com.au/story/2593595/truck-involved-in-wagga-chemical-spill-crash-unregistered-police/

Truck involved in Wagga Chemical Spill Unregistered

September 30 2014 – The Daily Advertiser

POLICE say the truck involved in an accident that shut down a major Wagga intersection for about nine hours on Monday was unregistered.

The truck, laden with farm equipment and chemicals, was being driven north on the Olympic Highway by a 31-year-old West Albury man when the accident occurred.

Investigators say as the truck approached the intersection of the Sturt and Olympic highways, shortly after 10am, the driver lost control and the vehicle rolled down an embankment.

The driver managed to free himself and was assisted by passing motorists.

He was treated at the scene by paramedics for minor injuries and grazing.

Due to the hazardous nature of the truck’s cargo, a 100-metre exclusion zone was put in place and the intersection closed for most of the day.

Fire and Rescue NSW HAZMAT crews worked to contain the spill, understood to have been about 1000 litres of herbicide.

Containment lines were set up to prevent any spread into a nearby creek.

The road closure caused extensive detours, with Sturt Highway motorists diverted through Uranquinty.
See your ad here

Pearson Street, Glenfield Road and Red Hill Road were used as an alternate route by motorists travelling in all directions.

Westbound lanes at the intersection were re-opened about 5.50pm, with the scene cleared by 7.15pm.

In a statement, released on Tuesday, Wagga police said “preliminary investigations revealed that the truck was unregistered”.

The truck has been seized by Roads and Maritime Services pending a mechanical examination.

Inquiries into the accident are continuing.

https://www.dailyadvertiser.com.au/story/2593595/truck-involved-in-wagga-chemical-spill-crash-unregistered-police/

2011 March: Bayswater (WA). Truck Pesticide Spill

Truck Jack-Knife Spills 100 Litres of Strong Smelling Herbicide

Perth Now March 17 2011

A TRUCK has jack-knifed in Bayswater, spilling about 100 litres of liquid herbicide onto the road and causing major disruption to traffic.

The accident occurred near the intersection of Collier Road and Tonkin Highway.

The truck roll-over spilled 100 litres of herbicide on the road and embankment. Approximately 40 to 50 drums of herbicide are on the ground.

There is no threat to the community however there is a strong smell being carried downwind towards the Morley area.

People are also asked to stay away from the intersection of Collier Road and Tonkin Highway.

People with medical concerns should contact their local doctor or call Health Direct on 1800 022 222.

ChemCentre and the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) Pollution Response Unit have conducted air monitoring and analysis. The chemical is not harmful.

DEC officers are conducting further tests to determine if there is any environmental impact.

Twenty five career Fire and Rescue Service firefighters from six stations are on the scene.

WA Police are also in attendance.

Tonkin Highway is closed at Morley Drive heading south. There is a traffic diversion on Collier Road near Tonkin Highway. Mainroads says the closures are expected to remain in place until 4pm today and advises motorists to  avoid the area.

https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/western-australia/drivers-advised-to-avoid-crash-site/story-e6frg13u-1226023230553

Truck Jack-Knife Spills 100 Litres of Strong Smelling Herbicide

Perth Now March 17 2011

A TRUCK has jack-knifed in Bayswater, spilling about 100 litres of liquid herbicide onto the road and causing major disruption to traffic.

The accident occurred near the intersection of Collier Road and Tonkin Highway.

The truck roll-over spilled 100 litres of herbicide on the road and embankment. Approximately 40 to 50 drums of herbicide are on the ground.

There is no threat to the community however there is a strong smell being carried downwind towards the Morley area.

People are also asked to stay away from the intersection of Collier Road and Tonkin Highway.

People with medical concerns should contact their local doctor or call Health Direct on 1800 022 222.

ChemCentre and the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) Pollution Response Unit have conducted air monitoring and analysis. The chemical is not harmful.

DEC officers are conducting further tests to determine if there is any environmental impact.

Twenty five career Fire and Rescue Service firefighters from six stations are on the scene.

WA Police are also in attendance.

Tonkin Highway is closed at Morley Drive heading south. There is a traffic diversion on Collier Road near Tonkin Highway. Mainroads says the closures are expected to remain in place until 4pm today and advises motorists to  avoid the area.

https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/western-australia/drivers-advised-to-avoid-crash-site/story-e6frg13u-1226023230553

2014 June: Millerman (Qld) Truck Crash. Pesticides: 2,4-D, Glyphosate

The Chronicle June 5 2014

Chemical Spill from Truck Crash Contained

UPDATE: The prime-mover and first trailer have been removed from the scene of a chemical spill about 35km south of Millmerran on the Gore Hwy.

Millmerran police officer Senior Constable Hans van Kempen said herbicide had spilled on the road and into a table drain after the second trailer of the B Double combination rolled onto its side about 1.30pm yesterday.

He said a nearby resident had this morning voiced contamination concerns over the spill.

Emergency crews as well as Department of Environmental Heritage Protection staff and Toowoomba Regional

Council workers have spent the day managing a clean up.

The truck was carrying chemicals 2, 4-D and glysophate from Melbourne to Toowoomba when the incident occurred.

Queensland Fire and Emergency Service Dalby officer Acting Inspector Peter Bradow said the table drain was dammed last night to stop the chemicals from spreading into the watercourse or neighbouring dams.

"This has been successful and contained the product," Act. Insp. Bradow said.

"We will now have the operators of this trailer clean up the waste and have it removed."

He said an accurate measurement of how much chemical had been spilled was today being ascertained.

"Estimates are around 9000 to 10,000 litres."

Tests are being done to establish how much contaminated soil will need to be taken from the site.

"At this stage, estimates are about 300mm of earth to be remove

The highway is expected to be reduced to one lane at the site for the rest of today.

The 59-year-old driver of the truck, from Highfields, was uninjured.

EARLIER: Emergency services have returned to the Gore Hwy south of Toowoomba this morning where a truck crash has caused a major chemical spill.

A truck carrying a dangerous herbicide crashed near Captains Mountain about 4pm.

About 9000 litres of the poisonous chemical spilled on to the highway.

A sand bund has been put in place to contain the chemical.

The highway is currently open to one lane, but will close completely later this morning to allow authorities to continue the clean-up.

The driver of the truck was not injured.

https://www.thechronicle.com.au/news/deadly-chemical-spill-closes-highway-south-toowoom/2280320/

The Chronicle June 5 2014

Chemical Spill from Truck Crash Contained

UPDATE: The prime-mover and first trailer have been removed from the scene of a chemical spill about 35km south of Millmerran on the Gore Hwy.

Millmerran police officer Senior Constable Hans van Kempen said herbicide had spilled on the road and into a table drain after the second trailer of the B Double combination rolled onto its side about 1.30pm yesterday.

He said a nearby resident had this morning voiced contamination concerns over the spill.

Emergency crews as well as Department of Environmental Heritage Protection staff and Toowoomba Regional

Council workers have spent the day managing a clean up.

The truck was carrying chemicals 2, 4-D and glysophate from Melbourne to Toowoomba when the incident occurred.

Queensland Fire and Emergency Service Dalby officer Acting Inspector Peter Bradow said the table drain was dammed last night to stop the chemicals from spreading into the watercourse or neighbouring dams.

“This has been successful and contained the product,” Act. Insp. Bradow said.

“We will now have the operators of this trailer clean up the waste and have it removed.”

He said an accurate measurement of how much chemical had been spilled was today being ascertained.

“Estimates are around 9000 to 10,000 litres.”

Tests are being done to establish how much contaminated soil will need to be taken from the site.

“At this stage, estimates are about 300mm of earth to be remove

The highway is expected to be reduced to one lane at the site for the rest of today.

The 59-year-old driver of the truck, from Highfields, was uninjured.

EARLIER: Emergency services have returned to the Gore Hwy south of Toowoomba this morning where a truck crash has caused a major chemical spill.

A truck carrying a dangerous herbicide crashed near Captains Mountain about 4pm.

About 9000 litres of the poisonous chemical spilled on to the highway.

A sand bund has been put in place to contain the chemical.

The highway is currently open to one lane, but will close completely later this morning to allow authorities to continue the clean-up.

The driver of the truck was not injured.

https://www.thechronicle.com.au/news/deadly-chemical-spill-closes-highway-south-toowoom/2280320/

2009 March: Scotts Creek (Vic) Crop Duster Accident

Pilot escapes Timboon Plane Crash

March 11 2009. Warrnambool Standard

A DERRINALLUM man has been airlifted to a Melbourne hospital with neck injuries and burns to his arm after crashing his plane near Timboon. The man escaped the burning wreckage and was driven by a farmer to a nearby farmhouse where he rinsed his burns under a cold shower.The crash occurred shortly after 10:30am. The Standard understands the pilot was spreading cricket baits from his crop-duster on farmland at the time of the accident near Tognellas Road, Scotts Creek. An air ambulance landed at the Camperdown Showgrounds about 12:15pm to convey the man to Melbourne.Another pilot in the area of the crash reported seeing a ball of flame.

https://www.standard.net.au/story/733540/pilot-escapes-timboon-plane-crash/

Pilot escapes Timboon Plane Crash

March 11 2009. Warrnambool Standard

A DERRINALLUM man has been airlifted to a Melbourne hospital with neck injuries and burns to his arm after crashing his plane near Timboon. The man escaped the burning wreckage and was driven by a farmer to a nearby farmhouse where he rinsed his burns under a cold shower.The crash occurred shortly after 10:30am. The Standard understands the pilot was spreading cricket baits from his crop-duster on farmland at the time of the accident near Tognellas Road, Scotts Creek. An air ambulance landed at the Camperdown Showgrounds about 12:15pm to convey the man to Melbourne.Another pilot in the area of the crash reported seeing a ball of flame.

https://www.standard.net.au/story/733540/pilot-escapes-timboon-plane-crash/

2012 December: Mudgee (NSW) Crop Duster Accident

Overloaded helicopter results in tragic fatality

The accident occurred on 9 December 2012, on a property near Mudgee, New South Wales. The Robinson R44 Raven I helicopter was being used to conduct aerial spraying activities. Following a number of spray runs, the helicopter failed to return to the refilling station. The helicopter was later found about 450m up a hill from the refilling station, having collided steeply with terrain. The pilot died in the accident.

The ATSB investigation found that, immediately before the accident, the helicopter was climbing up a hill at reducing speed. It was also about 33 kg above the maximum allowable weight of 1,089 kg and, crucially, too heavy for a high hover at full engine power. As the helicopter’s speed reduced below about 10 kt (20 km/h) it began to descend. The pilot did not have enough time, and possibly height, to recover and the helicopter hit a tree, before crashing steeply into the ground.

The accident tragically demonstrates the dangers of loading helicopters beyond their recommended limits, especially when undertaking operations where performance is critical, such as low flying or aerial spraying operations.

The accident tragically demonstrates the dangers of loading helicopters beyond their recommended limits, especially when undertaking operations where performance is critical, such as low flying or aerial spraying operations. Pilots should always follow manufacturers’ performance data to avoid the dangers associated with this accident.

https://www.atsb.gov.au/newsroom/news-items/2013/overloaded-helicopter-results-in-tragic-fatality.aspx

Overloaded helicopter results in tragic fatality

The accident occurred on 9 December 2012, on a property near Mudgee, New South Wales. The Robinson R44 Raven I helicopter was being used to conduct aerial spraying activities. Following a number of spray runs, the helicopter failed to return to the refilling station. The helicopter was later found about 450m up a hill from the refilling station, having collided steeply with terrain. The pilot died in the accident.

The ATSB investigation found that, immediately before the accident, the helicopter was climbing up a hill at reducing speed. It was also about 33 kg above the maximum allowable weight of 1,089 kg and, crucially, too heavy for a high hover at full engine power. As the helicopter’s speed reduced below about 10 kt (20 km/h) it began to descend. The pilot did not have enough time, and possibly height, to recover and the helicopter hit a tree, before crashing steeply into the ground.

The accident tragically demonstrates the dangers of loading helicopters beyond their recommended limits, especially when undertaking operations where performance is critical, such as low flying or aerial spraying operations.

The accident tragically demonstrates the dangers of loading helicopters beyond their recommended limits, especially when undertaking operations where performance is critical, such as low flying or aerial spraying operations. Pilots should always follow manufacturers’ performance data to avoid the dangers associated with this accident.

https://www.atsb.gov.au/newsroom/news-items/2013/overloaded-helicopter-results-in-tragic-fatality.aspx

1980 May: Boggabilla (NSW) Crop Duster Accident

Canberra Times 16 May 1980

Brisbane: The Crop Dusting pilot who was badly injured when his aircraft crashed near Boggabilla on the NSW - Qld Border on Wednesday, died in hospital last night. He was Ross Gale, 40 of Goondiwindi.

https://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/110957659

Canberra Times 16 May 1980

Brisbane: The Crop Dusting pilot who was badly injured when his aircraft crashed near Boggabilla on the NSW – Qld Border on Wednesday, died in hospital last night. He was Ross Gale, 40 of Goondiwindi.

https://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/110957659

2006 March: Morundah (NSW) Crop Duster Accident

Pilot Killed in Crop Duster Crash

March 27 2006

A pilot has died in a crop-duster crash in southern NSW.

Police said the light plane went down in an open paddock in Morundah, 55km south-west of the Riverina town of Narrandera, about 9am (AEDT) today.

It is believed the male pilot, who is yet to be formally identified, was the only person on board the plane.

The Australian Transport Safety Bureau is travelling from Canberra to investigate the crash.

NSW Fire Brigades spokesman Gordon Boath said it was initially feared the pesticide from the crashed crop-duster could pose a safety risk.

But hazardous material crews had declared the area safe, he said.

A fire brigade rescue unit helped remove the pilot's body from the plane.

https://www.theage.com.au/news/national/pilot-killed-in-cropduster-crash/2006/03/27/1143330973374.html

Pilot Killed in Crop Duster Crash

March 27 2006

A pilot has died in a crop-duster crash in southern NSW.

Police said the light plane went down in an open paddock in Morundah, 55km south-west of the Riverina town of Narrandera, about 9am (AEDT) today.

It is believed the male pilot, who is yet to be formally identified, was the only person on board the plane.

The Australian Transport Safety Bureau is travelling from Canberra to investigate the crash.

NSW Fire Brigades spokesman Gordon Boath said it was initially feared the pesticide from the crashed crop-duster could pose a safety risk.

But hazardous material crews had declared the area safe, he said.

A fire brigade rescue unit helped remove the pilot’s body from the plane.

https://www.theage.com.au/news/national/pilot-killed-in-cropduster-crash/2006/03/27/1143330973374.html

2014 February: Legerwood (Tas) Crop Spraying Accident

Helicopter Crash – Legerwood (23-Feb)

Monday, 24 February 2014 - 9:07 am.

At 620am on Sunday 23rd February 2014  Tasmania Police were advised that a helicopter had crashed around first light while engaged in crop dusting activities.  The crash occurred at Legerwood (North Eastern Tasmania). 

The pilot (male aged 65 years) did not sustain any injuries.

The helicopter was a Hughes 269 model, and is extensively damaged.  The value of the aircraft is $200,000.00

Investigations are continuing regarding the cause of the accident.
Workplace Standards and the Australian Transport Safety Bureau have been advised of this incident and will assist Tasmania Police with investigations.

https://www.police.tas.gov.au/news-events/media-releases/helicopter-crash-legerwood-23-feb/

Helicopter Crash – Legerwood (23-Feb)

Monday, 24 February 2014 – 9:07 am.

At 620am on Sunday 23rd February 2014  Tasmania Police were advised that a helicopter had crashed around first light while engaged in crop dusting activities.  The crash occurred at Legerwood (North Eastern Tasmania). 

The pilot (male aged 65 years) did not sustain any injuries.

The helicopter was a Hughes 269 model, and is extensively damaged.  The value of the aircraft is $200,000.00

Investigations are continuing regarding the cause of the accident.
Workplace Standards and the Australian Transport Safety Bureau have been advised of this incident and will assist Tasmania Police with investigations.

https://www.police.tas.gov.au/news-events/media-releases/helicopter-crash-legerwood-23-feb/

2006 December: Ringarooma (Tas) Crop Dusting Accident

Man survives fiery chopper crash in Tas

December 27, 2006 - Sydney Morning Herald

A cropduster pilot has survived a fiery helicopter crash in north-east Tasmania.

The Bell helicopter plunged to the ground and burst into flames after clipping powerlines at Trenah, south-west of Ringarooma, about 7.30pm (AEDT) on Wednesday.

The 45-year-old local pilot freed himself from the burning wreckage, despite serious burns to his upper body.

Sergeant Tony Grincais said witnesses saw the helicopter hit powerlines off Maurice Road before it crashed into a potato paddock.

The aircraft was destroyed.

"The pilot managed to get himself out of the aircraft, he suffered burns to the arms, hands, face and neck, he was taken to the Scottsdale Hospital and is now enroute to Launceston General," Sgt Grincais said.

"He's in a serious but stable condition, his injuries aren't life threatening."

Sgt Grincais said the pilot was in shock and had yet to be questioned by police.

He said the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) had been notified but a non-fatal crash of this kind was unlikely to be further investigated.

"At this stage, it's not going to be investigated any further by the bureau of air safety," Sgt Grincais said.

"Their words are that cropdusters hitting power lines are a dime a dozen, they happen all the time.

"There's no safety issues arising from that that would affect the general travelling public."

Sgt Grincais said the low altitude manoeuvres of cropdusters made them vulnerable to crashes.

"They fly very low so that the chemicals that they're spraying are dispersed evenly over the crop and aren't blown away by the wind.

"How they don't do it (crash) more (often) is probably the applicable question."

ATSB spokesman Ian Sangston confirmed the accident will not be investigated.

He said flying at low altitude is hazardous and aircraft, including crop-dusting helicopters, weed sprayers and private light planes, have been known to hit power lines and crash.

"In this instance, the aircraft was crop dusting and was confirmed to have hit a power line," he said.

"In terms of investigating or not, there's a value judgment made ... what's the return of investigating given it's (crop dusting) a known hazard."

An ATSB report, released in June, found there were 119 wire-strike accidents reported between 1994 and 2004.

Man survives fiery chopper crash in Tas

December 27, 2006 – Sydney Morning Herald

A cropduster pilot has survived a fiery helicopter crash in north-east Tasmania.

The Bell helicopter plunged to the ground and burst into flames after clipping powerlines at Trenah, south-west of Ringarooma, about 7.30pm (AEDT) on Wednesday.

The 45-year-old local pilot freed himself from the burning wreckage, despite serious burns to his upper body.

Sergeant Tony Grincais said witnesses saw the helicopter hit powerlines off Maurice Road before it crashed into a potato paddock.

The aircraft was destroyed.

“The pilot managed to get himself out of the aircraft, he suffered burns to the arms, hands, face and neck, he was taken to the Scottsdale Hospital and is now enroute to Launceston General,” Sgt Grincais said.

“He’s in a serious but stable condition, his injuries aren’t life threatening.”

Sgt Grincais said the pilot was in shock and had yet to be questioned by police.

He said the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) had been notified but a non-fatal crash of this kind was unlikely to be further investigated.

“At this stage, it’s not going to be investigated any further by the bureau of air safety,” Sgt Grincais said.

“Their words are that cropdusters hitting power lines are a dime a dozen, they happen all the time.

“There’s no safety issues arising from that that would affect the general travelling public.”

Sgt Grincais said the low altitude manoeuvres of cropdusters made them vulnerable to crashes.

“They fly very low so that the chemicals that they’re spraying are dispersed evenly over the crop and aren’t blown away by the wind.

“How they don’t do it (crash) more (often) is probably the applicable question.”

ATSB spokesman Ian Sangston confirmed the accident will not be investigated.

He said flying at low altitude is hazardous and aircraft, including crop-dusting helicopters, weed sprayers and private light planes, have been known to hit power lines and crash.

“In this instance, the aircraft was crop dusting and was confirmed to have hit a power line,” he said.

“In terms of investigating or not, there’s a value judgment made … what’s the return of investigating given it’s (crop dusting) a known hazard.”

An ATSB report, released in June, found there were 119 wire-strike accidents reported between 1994 and 2004.

 

2008 September: Jamestown (SA) Crop Duster Accident

A PILOT suffered suspected spinal injuries when his crop duster crash landed today in South Australia's mid-north.

The 38-year-old man was the sole occupant of the single engine light aircraft which crash landed at the Jamestown airport just before 11am (CST) today, police say.

The man suffered suspected spinal injuries and leg lacerations and was taken to the Jamestown Hospital for treatment, a police spokesman said.

https://www.recreationalflying.com/threads/pilot-hurt-in-crash-landing.5226/

A PILOT suffered suspected spinal injuries when his crop duster crash landed today in South Australia’s mid-north.

The 38-year-old man was the sole occupant of the single engine light aircraft which crash landed at the Jamestown airport just before 11am (CST) today, police say.

The man suffered suspected spinal injuries and leg lacerations and was taken to the Jamestown Hospital for treatment, a police spokesman said.

https://www.recreationalflying.com/threads/pilot-hurt-in-crash-landing.5226/

2007 March: Clairview (Qld) Crop Dusting Accident

March 4, 2007: Rockhampton pilot Richard McDonald was injured when his crop duster crashed. 20km southwest of Clairview.

https://www.themorningbulletin.com.au/news/rolleston-mourns-a-local-legend/694904/

March 4, 2007: Rockhampton pilot Richard McDonald was injured when his crop duster crashed. 20km southwest of Clairview.

https://www.themorningbulletin.com.au/news/rolleston-mourns-a-local-legend/694904/

2001 March: Emerald (Qld) Crop Duster Accident

March 7, 2001: The pilot of a crop-duster was uninjured after he crashed into a cotton field 10km west of Emerald.

https://www.themorningbulletin.com.au/news/rolleston-mourns-a-local-legend/694904/

March 7, 2001: The pilot of a crop-duster was uninjured after he crashed into a cotton field 10km west of Emerald.

https://www.themorningbulletin.com.au/news/rolleston-mourns-a-local-legend/694904/

2001 January: Coutney’s Gap (Qld) Crop Duster Accident

January 29, 2001: The pilot of a crop-dusting helicopter died when he crashed at Courtney's Gap, 10km south-west of Mackay.

https://www.themorningbulletin.com.au/news/rolleston-mourns-a-local-legend/694904/

January 29, 2001: The pilot of a crop-dusting helicopter died when he crashed at Courtney’s Gap, 10km south-west of Mackay.

https://www.themorningbulletin.com.au/news/rolleston-mourns-a-local-legend/694904/

1997 February: Gawler (Tas) Crop Dusting Accident

Helicopter pilot dies in crash

Jan. 16, 1998, 11:50 p.m The Examiner

A crop duster pilot was killed yesterday when his helicopter crashed into a potato paddock after hitting power lines at Gawler, near Ulverstone.

It was the second crop-duster fatality in just under a year in the Gawler area and the third in Tasmania in the past 10 years.

The pilot, Ian Ashley Highwood, 41, of Western Australia, was contracted to Latrobe aerial spray company P & P Young and had been in Tasmania for only a week.

Insp. Steve Bonde of Ulverstone police said it appeared the pilot had made several passes over the paddock on the property of Alan Anderson on Top Gawler Rd about 9.20am before the helicopter struck 20,000-volt power lines and crashed. One of the three power lines was brought down.

The pilot was killed on impact. The Hughes 300-269 helicopter was totally destroyed, the crumpled debris concentrated in a 4m area with the undercarriage uppermost. Ambulance, the Ulverstone Fire Brigade and policeattended the scene. It is understood Mr Anderson received medical treatment for shock.

Police sealed off the area pending an investigation by the Bureau of Air Safety Investigation. The body was removed late in the afternoon.

Farmer RonMott heard the crash and was first on the scene. “I heard three loud bangs and saw theHydro fuses go,'' Mr Mott said. “He had only been here for about five minutes and did about three runs around the house.''

A 43-year-old American crop duster helicopter pilot, Dale Heimer, was killed less than 3km away on February 7 last year.His Bell crop duster hit power lines, crashing into a potato paddock on the property of Aubrey Johnson of Picketts Rd.

The Bureau of Air Safety Investigation is continuing probes into yesterday's crash following reports that the pilot was operating over the wrong paddock.

An inquest was opened by senior Northern Coroner Peter Wilson and adjourned to Monday January 19 for formal identification.

https://www.examiner.com.au/story/639844/helicopter-pilot-dies-in-crash/

Helicopter pilot dies in crash

Jan. 16, 1998, 11:50 p.m The Examiner

A crop duster pilot was killed yesterday when his helicopter crashed into a potato paddock after hitting power lines at Gawler, near Ulverstone.

It was the second crop-duster fatality in just under a year in the Gawler area and the third in Tasmania in the past 10 years.

The pilot, Ian Ashley Highwood, 41, of Western Australia, was contracted to Latrobe aerial spray company P & P Young and had been in Tasmania for only a week.

Insp. Steve Bonde of Ulverstone police said it appeared the pilot had made several passes over the paddock on the property of Alan Anderson on Top Gawler Rd about 9.20am before the helicopter struck 20,000-volt power lines and crashed. One of the three power lines was brought down.

The pilot was killed on impact. The Hughes 300-269 helicopter was totally destroyed, the crumpled debris concentrated in a 4m area with the undercarriage uppermost. Ambulance, the Ulverstone Fire Brigade and policeattended the scene. It is understood Mr Anderson received medical treatment for shock.

Police sealed off the area pending an investigation by the Bureau of Air Safety Investigation. The body was removed late in the afternoon.

Farmer RonMott heard the crash and was first on the scene. “I heard three loud bangs and saw theHydro fuses go,” Mr Mott said. “He had only been here for about five minutes and did about three runs around the house.”

A 43-year-old American crop duster helicopter pilot, Dale Heimer, was killed less than 3km away on February 7 last year.His Bell crop duster hit power lines, crashing into a potato paddock on the property of Aubrey Johnson of Picketts Rd.

The Bureau of Air Safety Investigation is continuing probes into yesterday’s crash following reports that the pilot was operating over the wrong paddock.

An inquest was opened by senior Northern Coroner Peter Wilson and adjourned to Monday January 19 for formal identification.

https://www.examiner.com.au/story/639844/helicopter-pilot-dies-in-crash/

1998 January: Gawler (Tas) Crop Spraying Accident

Helicopter pilot dies in crash

Jan. 16, 1998, 11:50 p.m The Examiner

A crop duster pilot was killed yesterday when his helicopter crashed into a potato paddock after hitting power lines at Gawler, near Ulverstone.

It was the second crop-duster fatality in just under a year in the Gawler area and the third in Tasmania in the past 10 years.

The pilot, Ian Ashley Highwood, 41, of Western Australia, was contracted to Latrobe aerial spray company P & P Young and had been in Tasmania for only a week.

Insp. Steve Bonde of Ulverstone police said it appeared the pilot had made several passes over the paddock on the property of Alan Anderson on Top Gawler Rd about 9.20am before the helicopter struck 20,000-volt power lines and crashed. One of the three power lines was brought down.

The pilot was killed on impact. The Hughes 300-269 helicopter was totally destroyed, the crumpled debris concentrated in a 4m area with the undercarriage uppermost. Ambulance, the Ulverstone Fire Brigade and policeattended the scene. It is understood Mr Anderson received medical treatment for shock.

Police sealed off the area pending an investigation by the Bureau of Air Safety Investigation. The body was removed late in the afternoon.

Farmer RonMott heard the crash and was first on the scene. “I heard three loud bangs and saw theHydro fuses go,'' Mr Mott said. “He had only been here for about five minutes and did about three runs around the house.''

A 43-year-old American crop duster helicopter pilot, Dale Heimer, was killed less than 3km away on February 7 last year.His Bell crop duster hit power lines, crashing into a potato paddock on the property of Aubrey Johnson of Picketts Rd.

The Bureau of Air Safety Investigation is continuing probes into yesterday's crash following reports that the pilot was operating over the wrong paddock.

An inquest was opened by senior Northern Coroner Peter Wilson and adjourned to Monday January 19 for formal identification.

https://www.examiner.com.au/story/639844/helicopter-pilot-dies-in-crash/

Helicopter pilot dies in crash

Jan. 16, 1998, 11:50 p.m The Examiner

A crop duster pilot was killed yesterday when his helicopter crashed into a potato paddock after hitting power lines at Gawler, near Ulverstone.

It was the second crop-duster fatality in just under a year in the Gawler area and the third in Tasmania in the past 10 years.

The pilot, Ian Ashley Highwood, 41, of Western Australia, was contracted to Latrobe aerial spray company P & P Young and had been in Tasmania for only a week.

Insp. Steve Bonde of Ulverstone police said it appeared the pilot had made several passes over the paddock on the property of Alan Anderson on Top Gawler Rd about 9.20am before the helicopter struck 20,000-volt power lines and crashed. One of the three power lines was brought down.

The pilot was killed on impact. The Hughes 300-269 helicopter was totally destroyed, the crumpled debris concentrated in a 4m area with the undercarriage uppermost. Ambulance, the Ulverstone Fire Brigade and policeattended the scene. It is understood Mr Anderson received medical treatment for shock.

Police sealed off the area pending an investigation by the Bureau of Air Safety Investigation. The body was removed late in the afternoon.

Farmer RonMott heard the crash and was first on the scene. “I heard three loud bangs and saw theHydro fuses go,” Mr Mott said. “He had only been here for about five minutes and did about three runs around the house.”

A 43-year-old American crop duster helicopter pilot, Dale Heimer, was killed less than 3km away on February 7 last year.His Bell crop duster hit power lines, crashing into a potato paddock on the property of Aubrey Johnson of Picketts Rd.

The Bureau of Air Safety Investigation is continuing probes into yesterday’s crash following reports that the pilot was operating over the wrong paddock.

An inquest was opened by senior Northern Coroner Peter Wilson and adjourned to Monday January 19 for formal identification.

https://www.examiner.com.au/story/639844/helicopter-pilot-dies-in-crash/

2010 September: Chapman Valley (WA) Crop Duster Accident

Family, friends farewell pilot

September 23, 2010 11:13:00

Friends and family of Timothy Greenaway, who was killed in a plane crash in the Chapman Valley last week, will today farewell the 39 year old at a funeral service in Geraldton.

Mr Greenaway died last Tuesday when the crop duster plane he was flying crashed near Northern Gully Road.

A service at the Mid-West Aviation hanger will begin at 10:00am (AWST), with a private service at the Utakarra Crematorium to follow.

Friend and former colleague Ros Wikens says today is a chance to celebrate Mr Greenaway's life.

"If there was a celebration Tim would have been there, that's what he would have liked," he said.

"It definitely will be a celebration of his life and there's many ... stories and there's going to be a beer drunk for sure and I actually don't think we'll have enough time in the day to finish all the stories, so yes that was just the size of what type of bloke Tim was."

https://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/23/3019796.htm?site=wheatbelt

Family, friends farewell pilot

September 23, 2010 11:13:00

Friends and family of Timothy Greenaway, who was killed in a plane crash in the Chapman Valley last week, will today farewell the 39 year old at a funeral service in Geraldton.

Mr Greenaway died last Tuesday when the crop duster plane he was flying crashed near Northern Gully Road.

A service at the Mid-West Aviation hanger will begin at 10:00am (AWST), with a private service at the Utakarra Crematorium to follow.

Friend and former colleague Ros Wikens says today is a chance to celebrate Mr Greenaway’s life.

“If there was a celebration Tim would have been there, that’s what he would have liked,” he said.

“It definitely will be a celebration of his life and there’s many … stories and there’s going to be a beer drunk for sure and I actually don’t think we’ll have enough time in the day to finish all the stories, so yes that was just the size of what type of bloke Tim was.”

https://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/23/3019796.htm?site=wheatbelt

2004 August: Stawell (Vic) Crop Duster Accident

Pilot survives crop-duster crash

August 11, 2004 The Age

 

A crop-dusting pilot has escaped with a broken arm after his plane hit a tree in Victoria's west and broke up into three pieces

The man took off from Stawell about 9am and had flown five kilometres south when he struck trouble, a police spokesman said.

"It is believed there was a bit of a down draught; the pilot tried to dump the cargo (and) he struck a tree," he said.

The crop-duster had broken up into three pieces, he said.

The pilot received non-life-threatening facial injuries and a broken arm.

Air safety investigators are to be notified and an investigation carried out into the cause of the crash.

https://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/08/10/1092022446252.html?from=storylhs

Pilot survives crop-duster crash

August 11, 2004 The Age

A crop-dusting pilot has escaped with a broken arm after his plane hit a tree in Victoria’s west and broke up into three pieces

The man took off from Stawell about 9am and had flown five kilometres south when he struck trouble, a police spokesman said.

“It is believed there was a bit of a down draught; the pilot tried to dump the cargo (and) he struck a tree,” he said.

The crop-duster had broken up into three pieces, he said.

The pilot received non-life-threatening facial injuries and a broken arm.

Air safety investigators are to be notified and an investigation carried out into the cause of the crash.

https://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/08/10/1092022446252.html?from=storylhs

2012 April: Moree (NSW) Crop Dusting Accident

Man dies in NSW light plane crash after crop duster goes down

April 11, 2012 

A MAN has died in a light plane crash in northwestern NSW.

Police have confirmed the male pilot died when his crop duster crashed near Gingham Road, at Moree, shortly after 9am (AEST) today.

He was the only person on board the aircraft.

It's the second plane crash in just over 12 months to shock the NSW town.

In March last year, an experienced pilot and three members of a well-known farming family were killed when a single engine plane nosedived into a paddock while trying to land at Moree airport.

Digby Boland and his wife Robyn, both aged 77, their daughter Michelle, 47, and the pilot, Phillip Jones, 63, were killed.

Two other people were injured in the crash.

https://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/man-dies-in-nsw-light-plane-crash-after-crop-duster-goes-down/story-e6frfku0-1226323697224

Man dies in NSW light plane crash after crop duster goes down

April 11, 2012 

A MAN has died in a light plane crash in northwestern NSW.

Police have confirmed the male pilot died when his crop duster crashed near Gingham Road, at Moree, shortly after 9am (AEST) today.

He was the only person on board the aircraft.

It’s the second plane crash in just over 12 months to shock the NSW town.

In March last year, an experienced pilot and three members of a well-known farming family were killed when a single engine plane nosedived into a paddock while trying to land at Moree airport.

Digby Boland and his wife Robyn, both aged 77, their daughter Michelle, 47, and the pilot, Phillip Jones, 63, were killed.

Two other people were injured in the crash.

https://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/man-dies-in-nsw-light-plane-crash-after-crop-duster-goes-down/story-e6frfku0-1226323697224

2011 May. Avon Downs (NT) Crop Dusting Accident

A crop-duster after crash-landing near Avon Downs in the NT.

25 May 2011, ABC News

The wreckage of a crop-duster is strewn across grassland after crash-landing near Avon Downs in the Northern Territory on July 19, 2010.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-07-20/a-crop-duster-after-crash-landing-near-avon-downs/911946

A crop-duster after crash-landing near Avon Downs in the NT.

25 May 2011, ABC News

The wreckage of a crop-duster is strewn across grassland after crash-landing near Avon Downs in the Northern Territory on July 19, 2010.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-07-20/a-crop-duster-after-crash-landing-near-avon-downs/911946

2014 August: Horseshoe Lagoon (Qld). Helicopter Spraying Crash

Crop dusting chopper crashes into cane field

21 Aug 2014 ABC,

 

Air safety investigators will probe the cause of a helicopter crash near Townsville in north Queensland.

A Robinson R66 went down in a cane field near Horseshoe Lagoon late yesterday.

Firefighter Greg Vincett says the chopper was written-off but the young pilot escaped virtually unharmed.

"We just looked after the pilot until QAS [the Queensland Ambulance Service] arrived and we handed it over to them," he said.

"He was a bit bruised and had a bit of chemical on him but like I said, the QAS got that under control and stabilised him and he got the helicopter, the emergency helicopter, down to take him to Townsville.

"The helicopter was spraying chemicals on a crop and he was doing his last run and he clipped powerlines which brought the powerlines down and the helicopter which crashed into a cane field.

"It [the crash] did a substantial amount of damage, it pulled the spray rakes off the helicopter and the helicopter ended up on its side - it is a definite write-off yes."

The Australian Transport Safety Bureau says it is investigating the incident.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-08-21/crop-dusting-chopper-crashes-into-cane-field/5685798

Crop dusting chopper crashes into cane field

21 Aug 2014 ABC,

Air safety investigators will probe the cause of a helicopter crash near Townsville in north Queensland.

A Robinson R66 went down in a cane field near Horseshoe Lagoon late yesterday.

Firefighter Greg Vincett says the chopper was written-off but the young pilot escaped virtually unharmed.

“We just looked after the pilot until QAS [the Queensland Ambulance Service] arrived and we handed it over to them,” he said.

“He was a bit bruised and had a bit of chemical on him but like I said, the QAS got that under control and stabilised him and he got the helicopter, the emergency helicopter, down to take him to Townsville.

“The helicopter was spraying chemicals on a crop and he was doing his last run and he clipped powerlines which brought the powerlines down and the helicopter which crashed into a cane field.

“It [the crash] did a substantial amount of damage, it pulled the spray rakes off the helicopter and the helicopter ended up on its side – it is a definite write-off yes.”

The Australian Transport Safety Bureau says it is investigating the incident.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-08-21/crop-dusting-chopper-crashes-into-cane-field/5685798

2007 December: Lake Liddell (NSW) Crop Dusting Accident

Crop-duster, 75, Dies In Lake Crash

Sydney Morning Herald

Saturday December 8, 2007

Arjun Ramachandran and Dylan Welch

A PILOT whose age - 75 - and "squillion years" in the sky made him a crop-dusting legend died when his plane crashed into a lake near Muswellbrook yesterday morning.

Yesterday police divers were searching the lake for the body of Col Pay, of Scone.

The Scone Aero Club president, Neville Partridge, said Mr Pay - whose company operates a fire-bombing service - was "an absolute icon in the crop-dusting industry".

"He's got a squillion hours up - he's been doing it for so long," Mr Partridge said.

"We're all pretty shattered."

The yellow plane was scooping water from Lake Liddell near the New England Highway about 9.30am when it crashed into the lake, according to Harley McKillop, of Pay's Air Service.

"What can I tell you? We've crashed into Lake Liddell ... the pilot's in the wreckage and they haven't retrieved the pilot or the wreckage," he said.

"This is a huge loss for us - it's our livelihood." Mr McKillop is also a pilot.

Despite early reports that there had been up to three people in the plane, Mr McKillop said only the pilot had been on board.

The plane, an Airtractor AT-802, could fit only one person, he said.

Mr Pay had been testing new equipment when he crashed, Mr McKillop said. It was not yet clear whether the equipment being tested had contributed to the crash.

He said staff from the company had been at the lake when the plane crashed, and had called emergency services.

Mr McKillop said Mr Pay was one of the country's best-known collectors of warbirds, or vintage military aircraft. He had once owned the only flying Spitfire in Australia, as well as a Mustang, Tiger Moth and a Kittyhawk.

Mr Pay was well known for flying the warbirds at air shows, including the Scone air show.

A Westpac rescue helicopter flew to the lake from Newcastle, joining police and ambulance crews.

https://www.cropduster.com.au/crop-duster-articles/2007/12/8/cropduster-75-dies-in-lake-crash/

Crop-duster, 75, Dies In Lake Crash

Sydney Morning Herald

Saturday December 8, 2007

Arjun Ramachandran and Dylan Welch

A PILOT whose age – 75 – and “squillion years” in the sky made him a crop-dusting legend died when his plane crashed into a lake near Muswellbrook yesterday morning.

Yesterday police divers were searching the lake for the body of Col Pay, of Scone.

The Scone Aero Club president, Neville Partridge, said Mr Pay – whose company operates a fire-bombing service – was “an absolute icon in the crop-dusting industry”.

“He’s got a squillion hours up – he’s been doing it for so long,” Mr Partridge said.

“We’re all pretty shattered.”

The yellow plane was scooping water from Lake Liddell near the New England Highway about 9.30am when it crashed into the lake, according to Harley McKillop, of Pay’s Air Service.

“What can I tell you? We’ve crashed into Lake Liddell … the pilot’s in the wreckage and they haven’t retrieved the pilot or the wreckage,” he said.

“This is a huge loss for us – it’s our livelihood.” Mr McKillop is also a pilot.

Despite early reports that there had been up to three people in the plane, Mr McKillop said only the pilot had been on board.

The plane, an Airtractor AT-802, could fit only one person, he said.

Mr Pay had been testing new equipment when he crashed, Mr McKillop said. It was not yet clear whether the equipment being tested had contributed to the crash.

He said staff from the company had been at the lake when the plane crashed, and had called emergency services.

Mr McKillop said Mr Pay was one of the country’s best-known collectors of warbirds, or vintage military aircraft. He had once owned the only flying Spitfire in Australia, as well as a Mustang, Tiger Moth and a Kittyhawk.

Mr Pay was well known for flying the warbirds at air shows, including the Scone air show.

A Westpac rescue helicopter flew to the lake from Newcastle, joining police and ambulance crews.

https://www.cropduster.com.au/crop-duster-articles/2007/12/8/cropduster-75-dies-in-lake-crash/

2011 September: Pittsworth (QLD) Crop Duster Accident

Plane Down near Pittsworth, 16th September 2011

BREAKING: A crop-duster has crashed on Pittsworth-Felton Rd, 15km south of Pittsworth.

Emergency services are currently responding to the crash, which was reported about 12.20pm today.

Early reports suggest the aircraft has hit powerlines.

https://www.sunshinecoastdaily.com.au/news/plane-down-near-pittsworth-toowoomba/1105968/

Plane Down near Pittsworth, 16th September 2011

BREAKING: A crop-duster has crashed on Pittsworth-Felton Rd, 15km south of Pittsworth.

Emergency services are currently responding to the crash, which was reported about 12.20pm today.

Early reports suggest the aircraft has hit powerlines.

https://www.sunshinecoastdaily.com.au/news/plane-down-near-pittsworth-toowoomba/1105968/

2005 January: Dirranbandi (Qld) Crop Duster Accident

Qld: Cropduster's inexperience may have caused crash, says ATSB

 AAP General News (Australia)

04-26-2007
Qld: Cropduster's inexperience may have caused crash, says ATSB

BRISBANE, April 26 AAP - A lack of experience in night flying contributed to the death
of a crop duster pilot in western Queensland, the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB)
says.

A 44-year-old pilot, from Bourke in NSW, was found dead in the cockpit of an Air Tractor
AT-802A aircraft after it went down at 8.35pm (AEST) on January 6, 2005, on Wynella Station,
a remote cotton property south of Dirranbandi near the NSW border.

It burst into flames on impact and the pilot was found still strapped in his seat in
the burning aircraft.

In a report released today, the ATSB said the pilot, who had not sprayed the property
before, told support staff on the ground shortly before his fatal flight that he was anxious
about the lack of horizon due to the dark conditions on a cloudy and moonless night.

The investigation into the crash showed the aircraft was capable of normal operation
at the time but even though the pilot had substantial flying and agricultural flying experience,
he had only recently completed night agricultural flight training.

A post-mortem examination also revealed he had suffered from severe coronary heart disease.

The ATSB report said the aircraft had hit level ground in a wings-level position.

But the bureau came to no definitive conclusions, citing the lack of recorded and witness
information and the destruction of the cockpit in the fire.

"However, the combination of pilot inexperience in night agricultural operations and
the dark night conditions increased the risk of an accident," the ATSB said.

 

https://netstory38.blogspot.com.au/2012/02/qld-cropdusters-inexperience-may-have.html

Qld: Cropduster’s inexperience may have caused crash, says ATSB

 AAP General News (Australia)

04-26-2007
Qld: Cropduster’s inexperience may have caused crash, says ATSB

BRISBANE, April 26 AAP – A lack of experience in night flying contributed to the death
of a crop duster pilot in western Queensland, the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB)
says.

A 44-year-old pilot, from Bourke in NSW, was found dead in the cockpit of an Air Tractor
AT-802A aircraft after it went down at 8.35pm (AEST) on January 6, 2005, on Wynella Station,
a remote cotton property south of Dirranbandi near the NSW border.

It burst into flames on impact and the pilot was found still strapped in his seat in
the burning aircraft.

In a report released today, the ATSB said the pilot, who had not sprayed the property
before, told support staff on the ground shortly before his fatal flight that he was anxious
about the lack of horizon due to the dark conditions on a cloudy and moonless night.

The investigation into the crash showed the aircraft was capable of normal operation
at the time but even though the pilot had substantial flying and agricultural flying experience,
he had only recently completed night agricultural flight training.

A post-mortem examination also revealed he had suffered from severe coronary heart disease.

The ATSB report said the aircraft had hit level ground in a wings-level position.

But the bureau came to no definitive conclusions, citing the lack of recorded and witness
information and the destruction of the cockpit in the fire.

“However, the combination of pilot inexperience in night agricultural operations and
the dark night conditions increased the risk of an accident,” the ATSB said.

https://netstory38.blogspot.com.au/2012/02/qld-cropdusters-inexperience-may-have.html

2005 January: St George (Qld) Crop Duster Accident

Man dies in crop duster crash

January 7, 2005 The Age

 

A man died when the crop duster he was flying crashed on a remote property in western Queensland.

A police spokesman said the man was found dead by police in the cockpit of the aircraft after it went down at 9pm yesterday on a property south of St George, near the NSW border.

The spokesman said Australian Transport Safety Bureau officials were due to arrive on the scene to start investigations today.

No further details were available about the deceased man, the spokesman said.

https://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Man-dies-in-crop-duster-crash/2005/01/07/1104832268887.html

Man dies in crop duster crash

January 7, 2005 The Age

A man died when the crop duster he was flying crashed on a remote property in western Queensland.

A police spokesman said the man was found dead by police in the cockpit of the aircraft after it went down at 9pm yesterday on a property south of St George, near the NSW border.

The spokesman said Australian Transport Safety Bureau officials were due to arrive on the scene to start investigations today.

No further details were available about the deceased man, the spokesman said.

https://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Man-dies-in-crop-duster-crash/2005/01/07/1104832268887.html

2009 October: Wickepin (WA) Crop Dusting Accident

Ultralight pilot, crop-duster killed in separate crashes

The Sunday Times October 03, 2009

THE pilot of an ultralight plane has been killed in York, just hours after a crop-dusting pilot died near Wickepin.

The ultralight pilot died about 4.30pm when his craft plummeted to the ground. The crash happened 6km east of York.

The 50-year-old pilot is believed to have been a member of an ultralight club based just north of where the crash happened.

The incident will be investigated by Recreational Aircraft Australia.

Earlier, the pilot of a crop-dusting plane died after his aircraft crashed into a farm paddock at Wickepin, 200km south-east of Perth just before 1pm on Saturday.

Police said the chemical being sprayed, organophosphate, was highly toxic and emergency workers faced contamination hazards trying to free the pilot.

The chemical had to be neutralised and removed before they could reach the plane that crashed just before 1pm Saturday.

The pilot has not been named but it is understood he is from Perth and was flying an aircraft from Westside Aerial Services based in Hyden.

A company spokeswoman said she could not comment on the incident until the investigation was complete.

The single-engine aircraft crashed into a field of canola near Fleahy Rd, 10km east of Wickepin.

Investigators from the Australian Transport Safety Bureau will investigate the crash

https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/western-australia/ultralight-pilot-crop-duster-killed-in-separate-crashes/story-e6frg14u-1225782442489

Ultralight pilot, crop-duster killed in separate crashes

The Sunday Times October 03, 2009

THE pilot of an ultralight plane has been killed in York, just hours after a crop-dusting pilot died near Wickepin.

The ultralight pilot died about 4.30pm when his craft plummeted to the ground. The crash happened 6km east of York.

The 50-year-old pilot is believed to have been a member of an ultralight club based just north of where the crash happened.

The incident will be investigated by Recreational Aircraft Australia.

Earlier, the pilot of a crop-dusting plane died after his aircraft crashed into a farm paddock at Wickepin, 200km south-east of Perth just before 1pm on Saturday.

Police said the chemical being sprayed, organophosphate, was highly toxic and emergency workers faced contamination hazards trying to free the pilot.

The chemical had to be neutralised and removed before they could reach the plane that crashed just before 1pm Saturday.

The pilot has not been named but it is understood he is from Perth and was flying an aircraft from Westside Aerial Services based in Hyden.

A company spokeswoman said she could not comment on the incident until the investigation was complete.

The single-engine aircraft crashed into a field of canola near Fleahy Rd, 10km east of Wickepin.

Investigators from the Australian Transport Safety Bureau will investigate the crash

https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/western-australia/ultralight-pilot-crop-duster-killed-in-separate-crashes/story-e6frg14u-1225782442489

2009 November: Kojonup (WA) Pilot Killed in Crop Duster Crash

Pilot killed in crop duster crash

17 Nov, 2009 Farm Weekly

 

A crop duster plane has crashed 200 kilometres north of Albany, killing the pilot.

Director of aviation safety investigation Ian Sangston said the pilot was carrying out agricultural work in Kojonup when his Cessna aircraft "impacted into the ground" on Broomehill Road just after 8am today.

Mr Sangston said it was unknown how the pilot crashed and a team of four aviation investigators would be investigating the scene this afternoon.

https://www.farmweekly.com.au/news/agriculture/agribusiness/general-news/pilot-killed-in-crop-duster-crash/1679838.aspx

 

Pilot killed in crop duster crash

17 Nov, 2009 Farm Weekly

A crop duster plane has crashed 200 kilometres north of Albany, killing the pilot.

Director of aviation safety investigation Ian Sangston said the pilot was carrying out agricultural work in Kojonup when his Cessna aircraft “impacted into the ground” on Broomehill Road just after 8am today.

Mr Sangston said it was unknown how the pilot crashed and a team of four aviation investigators would be investigating the scene this afternoon.

https://www.farmweekly.com.au/news/agriculture/agribusiness/general-news/pilot-killed-in-crop-duster-crash/1679838.aspx

 

2010 December: Dirranbandi (Qld) Crop Dusting Accident

Mourners Farewell Neville. 31 December 2010 - The Northern Star

RENOWNED local aviator Neville Bienke was farewelled by hundreds of mourners in a moving ceremony at a packed St Andrews Anglican Church in Lismore yesterday.

Mr Bienke, 66, was tragically killed in a crop-dusting accident on a property south of Dirranbandi in Queensland last week.

In a fitting tribute, fellow pilots performed a spectacular ‘missing man’ flyover in his honour as his casket was carried from the church.

His daughter, Nicole Alison, spoke eloquently of her father as a larger than life figure who lived his dreams.

She remembered growing up around ‘Avgas, oily rags and burning hot tarmacs’ with a dad who had ‘flying in his blood’ and took them on great adventures to fly-ins and air shows.

“He should have been born with wings,” she said.

“One of his favourite (stories) was at the age of six he had to have wooden blocks tied to his feet so he could reach the pedals of a Tigermoth.”

Remembered by all as a man with enormous experience, general knowledge and wisdom, Ms Allison said most of the many phone calls to her father began with, ‘Hey Neville, what do you think about this...’.

Former Lismore mayor John Crowther remembered the Tigermoth tales well, having first met Mr Bienke at seven years of age as he was being ‘strapped into the front cockpit’.

“That was Neville’s start off, he lived for flying and, to cut a long story short, he was the complete aviator,” he said.

“He could have been today a senior captain in any of the airlines if he wanted to go that way, because he was so good.

“But he loved the flexibility of general aviation; he was an excellent aerobatic pilot and instructor and on top of that he was a bloody good bloke.” Mr Bienke was buried in a private family ceremony.

https://www.northernstar.com.au/news/nevilles-flying-with-the-angels-aviator-anglican-/733523/

Mourners Farewell Neville. 31 December 2010 – The Northern Star

RENOWNED local aviator Neville Bienke was farewelled by hundreds of mourners in a moving ceremony at a packed St Andrews Anglican Church in Lismore yesterday.

Mr Bienke, 66, was tragically killed in a crop-dusting accident on a property south of Dirranbandi in Queensland last week.

In a fitting tribute, fellow pilots performed a spectacular ‘missing man’ flyover in his honour as his casket was carried from the church.

His daughter, Nicole Alison, spoke eloquently of her father as a larger than life figure who lived his dreams.

She remembered growing up around ‘Avgas, oily rags and burning hot tarmacs’ with a dad who had ‘flying in his blood’ and took them on great adventures to fly-ins and air shows.

“He should have been born with wings,” she said.

“One of his favourite (stories) was at the age of six he had to have wooden blocks tied to his feet so he could reach the pedals of a Tigermoth.”

Remembered by all as a man with enormous experience, general knowledge and wisdom, Ms Allison said most of the many phone calls to her father began with, ‘Hey Neville, what do you think about this…’.

Former Lismore mayor John Crowther remembered the Tigermoth tales well, having first met Mr Bienke at seven years of age as he was being ‘strapped into the front cockpit’.

“That was Neville’s start off, he lived for flying and, to cut a long story short, he was the complete aviator,” he said.

“He could have been today a senior captain in any of the airlines if he wanted to go that way, because he was so good.

“But he loved the flexibility of general aviation; he was an excellent aerobatic pilot and instructor and on top of that he was a bloody good bloke.” Mr Bienke was buried in a private family ceremony.

https://www.northernstar.com.au/news/nevilles-flying-with-the-angels-aviator-anglican-/733523/

2011 January: Hawkins Creek (Qld) Crop Duster Accident

Plane crash kills one in Queensland

January 10, 2011

A small plane has crashed in north Queensland killing one person and possibly another.

It happened on a sugar-cane farm in Hawkins Creek west of Ingham this morning.

It's believed the plane had been crop dusting at the time of the accident.

Police have confirmed that a 30-year-old man's died and believe a second person may have been onboard.

https://www.3aw.com.au/radio/plane-crash-kills-one-in-queensland-20110110-19kjs.html

Plane crash kills one in Queensland

January 10, 2011

A small plane has crashed in north Queensland killing one person and possibly another.

It happened on a sugar-cane farm in Hawkins Creek west of Ingham this morning.

It’s believed the plane had been crop dusting at the time of the accident.

Police have confirmed that a 30-year-old man’s died and believe a second person may have been onboard.

https://www.3aw.com.au/radio/plane-crash-kills-one-in-queensland-20110110-19kjs.html

2011 April: Bambaroo (Qld) Crop Duster Accident

Light aircraft crash, Bambaroo (south of Ingham) - Crop duster - 36yo with serious injuries

18 April 2011

A 36-year-old man is in Townsville Hospital tonight with several suspected broken bones after a crop duster aircraft crash in Bambaroo this afternoon.

Initial investigations suggest around 1.45pm the aircraft the man was piloting has clipped a tree at a property off the Bruce Highway.

The man appears to have attempted to perform an emergency landing, however, the plane flipped shortly after it hit the ground.

It is believed the man may have fractured his skull and leg as well as sustained serious facial injuries. He is currently in a critical condition.

Forensic Crash Unit and Scenes of Crime officers attended the scene and have commenced investigations.

https://pt-pt.facebook.com/notes/queensland-police-service/light-aircraft-crash-bambaroo-south-of-ingham-crop-duster-36yo-with-serious-inju/182287508485936?comment_id=2332213

Light aircraft crash, Bambaroo (south of Ingham) – Crop duster – 36yo with serious injuries

18 April 2011

A 36-year-old man is in Townsville Hospital tonight with several suspected broken bones after a crop duster aircraft crash in Bambaroo this afternoon.

Initial investigations suggest around 1.45pm the aircraft the man was piloting has clipped a tree at a property off the Bruce Highway.

The man appears to have attempted to perform an emergency landing, however, the plane flipped shortly after it hit the ground.

It is believed the man may have fractured his skull and leg as well as sustained serious facial injuries. He is currently in a critical condition.

Forensic Crash Unit and Scenes of Crime officers attended the scene and have commenced investigations.

https://pt-pt.facebook.com/notes/queensland-police-service/light-aircraft-crash-bambaroo-south-of-ingham-crop-duster-36yo-with-serious-inju/182287508485936?comment_id=2332213

2006 December: Oakey (Qld) Crop Duster Accident

Cropduster crashes at Oakey

AAP December 31, 2006 11:00PM

A PILOT has walked away with minor injuries after his cropduster clipped powerlines and crashed on Queensland's Darling Downs.

A spokesman for Queensland Ambulance Service said the accident happened at 6.05pm (AEST) yesterday about 10km northwest of Oakey.

He said the pilot suffered only minor injuries and did not require hospital treatment.

https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/cropduster-crashes-at-oakey/story-e6freoof-1111112764176

Cropduster crashes at Oakey

AAP December 31, 2006 11:00PM

A PILOT has walked away with minor injuries after his cropduster clipped powerlines and crashed on Queensland’s Darling Downs.

A spokesman for Queensland Ambulance Service said the accident happened at 6.05pm (AEST) yesterday about 10km northwest of Oakey.

He said the pilot suffered only minor injuries and did not require hospital treatment.

https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/cropduster-crashes-at-oakey/story-e6freoof-1111112764176

2014 February: Mission Beach (Qld) Crop Dusting Accident

Helicopter crashes at Mission Beach banana farm

• February 21, 2014 Cairns Post

Wongaling Beach man Josh Bryant was conducting aerial spraying of bananas in a paddock off Campbell St, near Mission Beach's main tourist area, about 6.15am when his Bell 206 JetRanger hit a tree and plunged to earth.

His workmate, who did not want to be named, was waiting beside a refuelling truck when he saw the chopper hit the tree and disintegrate as it fell to the ground.

Not knowing what he would be confronted with, the workmate rushed to the scene, calling triple zero as he went, and helped the dazed pilot stumble to safety as flames shot from the wreckage.

"The pilot's very lucky to have escaped with minor injuries so far. He hasn't got anything that's life threatening," said Sen-Constable Tony Cliffe, from Mission Beach Police.

Arriving at the banana farm soon afterwards, Coral Coast Helicopters owner Steve Shadforth was clearly shocked by the scene.

Visible from a distance, the severed limbs near the peak of the tree provided a tell-tale sign of what had just occurred while, beneath it, one of the helicopter's skids sat beside a tank used for aerial spraying.

Twenty metres away the barely recognisable frame of the helicopter had come to rest in a paddock, partially covered by severed banana tree limbs.

The tail of the helicopter was snapped in two and the transparent nose bubble appeared to have been severed.

The cockpit control panel was nowhere to be seen.

"You don't survive this (sort of crash) very often," Mr Shadforth said.

"The fact that he's breathing is very good.

"The aircraft obviously started disintegrating as soon as it hit that tree, so he was the proverbial rock once he hit that tree."

Mr Shadforth, who lost a leg in a horrifying helicopter crash in similar circumstances in 2005 before making a triumphant return to the skies a year later, was amazed that Mr Bryant's injuries weren't more serious.

He suggested the banana trees may have played a role in cushioning the impact as the helicopter fell to the ground. "Helicopter accidents are amazing things sometimes," he said.

"You look at an accident and some guy's died and you go, 'How the hell did he die?'

"Sometimes you look at (an accident scene) and go, 'How didn't he die?'

"There's a blade going across his seat, a rotor blade's going across his seat.

"As far as we know, he hasn't got a broken bone."

Sen-Constable Cliffe said police would be conducting further investigations into the crash, as would the Civil Aviation Safety Authority and the Australian Transport Safety Bureau.

https://www.cairnspost.com.au/helicopter-crashes-at-mission-beach-banana-farm/story-fnjput6h-1226832360362

Helicopter crashes at Mission Beach banana farm

• February 21, 2014 Cairns Post

Wongaling Beach man Josh Bryant was conducting aerial spraying of bananas in a paddock off Campbell St, near Mission Beach’s main tourist area, about 6.15am when his Bell 206 JetRanger hit a tree and plunged to earth.

His workmate, who did not want to be named, was waiting beside a refuelling truck when he saw the chopper hit the tree and disintegrate as it fell to the ground.

Not knowing what he would be confronted with, the workmate rushed to the scene, calling triple zero as he went, and helped the dazed pilot stumble to safety as flames shot from the wreckage.

“The pilot’s very lucky to have escaped with minor injuries so far. He hasn’t got anything that’s life threatening,” said Sen-Constable Tony Cliffe, from Mission Beach Police.

Arriving at the banana farm soon afterwards, Coral Coast Helicopters owner Steve Shadforth was clearly shocked by the scene.

Visible from a distance, the severed limbs near the peak of the tree provided a tell-tale sign of what had just occurred while, beneath it, one of the helicopter’s skids sat beside a tank used for aerial spraying.

Twenty metres away the barely recognisable frame of the helicopter had come to rest in a paddock, partially covered by severed banana tree limbs.

The tail of the helicopter was snapped in two and the transparent nose bubble appeared to have been severed.

The cockpit control panel was nowhere to be seen.

“You don’t survive this (sort of crash) very often,” Mr Shadforth said.

“The fact that he’s breathing is very good.

“The aircraft obviously started disintegrating as soon as it hit that tree, so he was the proverbial rock once he hit that tree.”

Mr Shadforth, who lost a leg in a horrifying helicopter crash in similar circumstances in 2005 before making a triumphant return to the skies a year later, was amazed that Mr Bryant’s injuries weren’t more serious.

He suggested the banana trees may have played a role in cushioning the impact as the helicopter fell to the ground. “Helicopter accidents are amazing things sometimes,” he said.

“You look at an accident and some guy’s died and you go, ‘How the hell did he die?’

“Sometimes you look at (an accident scene) and go, ‘How didn’t he die?’

“There’s a blade going across his seat, a rotor blade’s going across his seat.

“As far as we know, he hasn’t got a broken bone.”

Sen-Constable Cliffe said police would be conducting further investigations into the crash, as would the Civil Aviation Safety Authority and the Australian Transport Safety Bureau.

https://www.cairnspost.com.au/helicopter-crashes-at-mission-beach-banana-farm/story-fnjput6h-1226832360362

2008 December: Nyngan Crop Dusting Accident

Community mourning as father of two dies in crop-dusting accident

Dec. 30, 2008, Daily Liberal

A loving husband and father of two, a gentleman held in the highest regard by those who knew him, and a dedicated employee who never said a bad word about anyone, were words used to describe the pilot killed tragically after his plane crashed-landed near Nyngan on Monday.

Paul Corcoran, 40, had an infectious smile that lit up a room and was a kind and genuine bloke who did anything for anyone, friends of Mr Corcoran told the Daily Liberal yesterday.

A close family friend said Mr Corcoran was a man to whom family was central, and the spin-off from this was that the community benefited from his continuous efforts and contributions.

Whether it be a paving job or work to be done at the preschool ‘Corco’ did it, no fuss, no call for recognition - ever.

Mr Corcoran died when the crop duster he was flying crashed on a property on Pangee Road near

Nyngan about midday on Monday.

Police believe he lost control of the light plane as it banked right for a second dusting over a paddock.

Property workers found his body in the wreckage and contacted police...

Mr Corcoran worked for aerial spraying and flight training company Rebel Ag...

https://www.dailyliberal.com.au/story/843667/community-mourning-as-father-of-two-dies-in-crop-dusting-accident/

Community mourning as father of two dies in crop-dusting accident

Dec. 30, 2008, Daily Liberal

A loving husband and father of two, a gentleman held in the highest regard by those who knew him, and a dedicated employee who never said a bad word about anyone, were words used to describe the pilot killed tragically after his plane crashed-landed near Nyngan on Monday.

Paul Corcoran, 40, had an infectious smile that lit up a room and was a kind and genuine bloke who did anything for anyone, friends of Mr Corcoran told the Daily Liberal yesterday.

A close family friend said Mr Corcoran was a man to whom family was central, and the spin-off from this was that the community benefited from his continuous efforts and contributions.

Whether it be a paving job or work to be done at the preschool ‘Corco’ did it, no fuss, no call for recognition – ever.

Mr Corcoran died when the crop duster he was flying crashed on a property on Pangee Road near

Nyngan about midday on Monday.

Police believe he lost control of the light plane as it banked right for a second dusting over a paddock.

Property workers found his body in the wreckage and contacted police…

Mr Corcoran worked for aerial spraying and flight training company Rebel Ag…

https://www.dailyliberal.com.au/story/843667/community-mourning-as-father-of-two-dies-in-crop-dusting-accident/

 

 

2010 April: Crop Duster Accident Ayr (Qld)

Knockabout bloke’ dies in plane crash
THE TOWNSVILLE BULLETIN April 12, 2010,

A CROP-DUSTER, who played rugby league for Albury and was a well-regarded boxer, has died in a plane crash in Far North Queensland.

Owen Bourke was killed when his plane crashed into powerlines and then burst into flames in a sugarcane field at Ayr, south of Townsville, on Saturday.

News of his death stunned mates on the Border who had remained in touch since he moved north in the 1970s and settled at Ayr where he continued his cropdusting business.

Albury friend Trevor Bohr said he had recently visited Mr Bourke who took him on a flight.

“He took me 80km up and down the coast, we went out over the crops and we went under lines and up,” Mr Bohr said.

Wodonga friend Max Watson said Mr Bourke, 67, played league for the Albury Roos in Group 13 and had fought for a Riverina light heavyweight boxing title.

“He was a very good knock-about bloke; he was a happy-go-lucky bloke, everyone liked him,” Mr Watson said.

Mr Bourke, who married fellow Albury resident Jan, also become involved in rugby league at Ayr.

The crash happened on dusk at 5.45pm on Saturday, with local resident James Guild describing the aftermath.

“We knew he (Mr Bourke) was doing four runs and we thought he’d finished the final run,” he said.
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“When we got home we looked down the headland and saw the fire in the cane paddock.”

Mr Guild said that by the time they got back to the field where the plane had gone down the crop-duster had been well alight.

“We called emergency and went in but there was nothing to be done,” he said.

Henry Peterson who worked for Mr Bourke, said crop-dusting was a high-risk business.

“He’s had a few crashes over the years but crop-dusting planes are like that; they carry a lot of weight and they need to clear powerlines,’’ he said.

“It’s the same as a racing car driver; it’s a dangerous industry and if you do it enough times you will eventually have a spill.”

Mr and Mrs Bourke’s daughter Simone died in 2002 at age 29 while living in Tokyo.

She was in intensive care for two weeks after falling down stairs in a subway station.

https://www.bordermail.com.au/story/50137/knockabout-bloke-dies-in-plane-crash/

Knockabout bloke’ dies in plane crash
THE TOWNSVILLE BULLETIN April 12, 2010,

A CROP-DUSTER, who played rugby league for Albury and was a well-regarded boxer, has died in a plane crash in Far North Queensland.

Owen Bourke was killed when his plane crashed into powerlines and then burst into flames in a sugarcane field at Ayr, south of Townsville, on Saturday.

News of his death stunned mates on the Border who had remained in touch since he moved north in the 1970s and settled at Ayr where he continued his cropdusting business.

Albury friend Trevor Bohr said he had recently visited Mr Bourke who took him on a flight.

“He took me 80km up and down the coast, we went out over the crops and we went under lines and up,” Mr Bohr said.

Wodonga friend Max Watson said Mr Bourke, 67, played league for the Albury Roos in Group 13 and had fought for a Riverina light heavyweight boxing title.

“He was a very good knock-about bloke; he was a happy-go-lucky bloke, everyone liked him,” Mr Watson said.

Mr Bourke, who married fellow Albury resident Jan, also become involved in rugby league at Ayr.

The crash happened on dusk at 5.45pm on Saturday, with local resident James Guild describing the aftermath.

“We knew he (Mr Bourke) was doing four runs and we thought he’d finished the final run,” he said.
See your ad here

“When we got home we looked down the headland and saw the fire in the cane paddock.”

Mr Guild said that by the time they got back to the field where the plane had gone down the crop-duster had been well alight.

“We called emergency and went in but there was nothing to be done,” he said.

Henry Peterson who worked for Mr Bourke, said crop-dusting was a high-risk business.

“He’s had a few crashes over the years but crop-dusting planes are like that; they carry a lot of weight and they need to clear powerlines,’’ he said.

“It’s the same as a racing car driver; it’s a dangerous industry and if you do it enough times you will eventually have a spill.”

Mr and Mrs Bourke’s daughter Simone died in 2002 at age 29 while living in Tokyo.

She was in intensive care for two weeks after falling down stairs in a subway station.

https://www.bordermail.com.au/story/50137/knockabout-bloke-dies-in-plane-crash/

2008 February. Wee Waa (NSW) Crop Duster Crash

Dead crop duster pilot 'one of the best'
February 27, 2008 Sydney Morning Herald

A pilot killed when two crop dusters collided in northern NSW was one of Australia's most experienced agricultural aviators, his employer says.

The aircraft collided in midair above a farm near Trindalls Lane, 10km north of Wee Waa, about 9.45am (AEDT) on Tuesday.

Sixty-year-old James Maria, a Wee Waa father of five and grandfather, died when his aircraft burst into flames on hitting the ground, police said.

The other pilot, another local man, dragged himself to safety despite broken limbs and minor burns.

The 45-year-old was in a serious but stable condition at Tamworth Base Hospital, police said.

Mr Maria had been flying for Cropjet Aviation, while the other aircraft had been operated by Cropair.

The owner of Cropjet Aviation, Conrad Bolton, said Mr Maria had been turning his plane after spraying a paddock when he collided with the other machine, which had just taken off and was on its way to another job.

Mr Maria had chalked up at least 10,000 hours flying crop dusters in 36 years as a pilot and was "probably Australia's most senior agricultural pilot", Mr Bolton told AAP.

He said he had known Mr Maria "for decades" since working as ground crew for him as a schoolboy.

"It's a big blow," he said.

Mr Bolton said the accident had devastated Mr Maria's five children.

"They are extremely upset, they were very close to their father and he lived for his kids, I can tell you that," he said.

"He was just working for his kids, to make sure they got the very best start out of life.

"He was very proud of them - they're just devastated."

Mr Bolton said it was a "very, very rare event" for two crop dusters to collide.

"Air agriculture is very visual, you haven't got time to be looking down at your instruments," Mr Bolton said.

"It's heads up, observing everything that's going on around the aircraft.

"(A collision is) something that's almost an impossibility but it's happened."

Air Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) investigators have been sifting through the wreckage of the planes.

The ATSB will prepare a preliminary report in a month's time and a full report within a year.

It is the second fatal crash in 18 months involving a Cropjet Aviation aircraft.

A pilot died when one of the company's crop dusters went down in the Collarenebri district in December 2006.

Mr Bolton said the ATSB had yet to determine what caused that crash, but said he was confident the bureau would find his company was doing all it could to meet safety and maintenance requirements.

https://www.smh.com.au/national/dead-crop-duster-pilot-one-of-the-best-20080227-1v9x.html

Dead crop duster pilot ‘one of the best’
February 27, 2008 Sydney Morning Herald

A pilot killed when two crop dusters collided in northern NSW was one of Australia’s most experienced agricultural aviators, his employer says.

The aircraft collided in midair above a farm near Trindalls Lane, 10km north of Wee Waa, about 9.45am (AEDT) on Tuesday.

Sixty-year-old James Maria, a Wee Waa father of five and grandfather, died when his aircraft burst into flames on hitting the ground, police said.

The other pilot, another local man, dragged himself to safety despite broken limbs and minor burns.

The 45-year-old was in a serious but stable condition at Tamworth Base Hospital, police said.

Mr Maria had been flying for Cropjet Aviation, while the other aircraft had been operated by Cropair.

The owner of Cropjet Aviation, Conrad Bolton, said Mr Maria had been turning his plane after spraying a paddock when he collided with the other machine, which had just taken off and was on its way to another job.

Mr Maria had chalked up at least 10,000 hours flying crop dusters in 36 years as a pilot and was “probably Australia’s most senior agricultural pilot”, Mr Bolton told AAP.

He said he had known Mr Maria “for decades” since working as ground crew for him as a schoolboy.

“It’s a big blow,” he said.

Mr Bolton said the accident had devastated Mr Maria’s five children.

“They are extremely upset, they were very close to their father and he lived for his kids, I can tell you that,” he said.

“He was just working for his kids, to make sure they got the very best start out of life.

“He was very proud of them – they’re just devastated.”

Mr Bolton said it was a “very, very rare event” for two crop dusters to collide.

“Air agriculture is very visual, you haven’t got time to be looking down at your instruments,” Mr Bolton said.

“It’s heads up, observing everything that’s going on around the aircraft.

“(A collision is) something that’s almost an impossibility but it’s happened.”

Air Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) investigators have been sifting through the wreckage of the planes.

The ATSB will prepare a preliminary report in a month’s time and a full report within a year.

It is the second fatal crash in 18 months involving a Cropjet Aviation aircraft.

A pilot died when one of the company’s crop dusters went down in the Collarenebri district in December 2006.

Mr Bolton said the ATSB had yet to determine what caused that crash, but said he was confident the bureau would find his company was doing all it could to meet safety and maintenance requirements.

https://www.smh.com.au/national/dead-crop-duster-pilot-one-of-the-best-20080227-1v9x.html

2013 October: Crop Duster Crash Hyden Western Australia

Pilot Dies in Crop Duster Crash in Hyden, Australia

The pilot was the sole occupant of a crop-dusting plane that crashed just outside the town of Hyden in Western Australia on Friday, October 18, 2013. He unfortunately did not survive the crash.

The crop-duster went down just before 3PM in the afternoon about 4.5 miles outside of Hyden. It crashed into a paddock near Chalk Hill and Hyden-Lake King Roads. Emergency response took just ten minutes to arrive, but the pilot was dead when they arrived and likely died at impact, although no official reports have been released.

Hyden is about 180 miles southeast of Perth in Western Australia with a population of just 281 people per the most recent census. Situated in a largely agricultural area of Australia, the wheat crop continues to be a major source of revenue. Although no aircraft details have been released, the most common crop-duster planes in use in Australia are the PAC Cresco, the Lockheed Lodestar, and the WSK-Mielec M-15 Belphegor.

No official word on the cause of the crash has been reported. Weather in Hyden at the time was very fair, with clear, sunny skies and a moderate temperature of 81 degrees, so meteorological causes would appear unlikely. The Australian Transport Safety Bureau is investigating and will issue its findings when the examination of the craft and the remains is completed.

https://www.planecrashes.org/pilot-dies-in-crop-duster-crash-in-hyden-australia.html

Pilot Dies in Crop Duster Crash in Hyden, Australia

The pilot was the sole occupant of a crop-dusting plane that crashed just outside the town of Hyden in Western Australia on Friday, October 18, 2013. He unfortunately did not survive the crash.

The crop-duster went down just before 3PM in the afternoon about 4.5 miles outside of Hyden. It crashed into a paddock near Chalk Hill and Hyden-Lake King Roads. Emergency response took just ten minutes to arrive, but the pilot was dead when they arrived and likely died at impact, although no official reports have been released.

Hyden is about 180 miles southeast of Perth in Western Australia with a population of just 281 people per the most recent census. Situated in a largely agricultural area of Australia, the wheat crop continues to be a major source of revenue. Although no aircraft details have been released, the most common crop-duster planes in use in Australia are the PAC Cresco, the Lockheed Lodestar, and the WSK-Mielec M-15 Belphegor.

No official word on the cause of the crash has been reported. Weather in Hyden at the time was very fair, with clear, sunny skies and a moderate temperature of 81 degrees, so meteorological causes would appear unlikely. The Australian Transport Safety Bureau is investigating and will issue its findings when the examination of the craft and the remains is completed.

https://www.planecrashes.org/pilot-dies-in-crop-duster-crash-in-hyden-australia.html

2012 May: Hallston (Vic) Crop Dusting Crash

Pilot killed in crop duster crash

 2 May 2012,

A pilot has been killed in a plane crash in Gippsland in Victoria's east.

The crop dusting plane crashed at Hallston, north east of Leongatha, just before 9:00am (AEST).

The aircraft burst into flames on impact.

Police say the pilot has not been identified. They say the make and model of the plane have not been identified either because of the fire damage.

A team from the Australian Transport Safety Board will go to the scene to investigate the case of the crash.

Pilot killed in crop duster crash

 2 May 2012,

A pilot has been killed in a plane crash in Gippsland in Victoria’s east.

The crop dusting plane crashed at Hallston, north east of Leongatha, just before 9:00am (AEST).

The aircraft burst into flames on impact.

Police say the pilot has not been identified. They say the make and model of the plane have not been identified either because of the fire damage.

A team from the Australian Transport Safety Board will go to the scene to investigate the case of the crash.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-01/pilot-killed-in-plane-crash/3982408

2006 July: George River St.Helens Offtake. Pesticide detected: Glyphosate

Samples assessed by Advanced Analytical for private client

Georges River Water Intake - Filtrate

July 2006 Glyphosate 60ug/L

Samples assessed by Advanced Analytical for private client

Georges River Water Intake – Filtrate

July 2006 Glyphosate 60ug/L

2008 September: Toowoomba Crop Duster Crash

Crop duster pilot dies in crash near Toowoomba

29th Sep 2008

 

TOOWOOMBA pilot Greg Cochran has died after a freak gust of wind flipped his crop duster causing it to crash to the ground where it burst into flames, 54 kilometres south-east of Toowoomba yesterday.

The former Wagners Aviation chief pilot and part-time CareFlight aviator was killed while spraying the final of three scheduled grain properties with rat and mice bait at Upper Pilton, on the Pilton Valley Road at 2.30pm.

Property owner Phillip Moore and passing motorists, who stopped to help, were unable to get to Mr Cochran after the light aircraft was engulfed in flames seconds after it crashed into the ground, just metres away from the roadway.

The stand-in  firefighters instead, focused their attentions on extinguishing the two-hectare grass fire that leapt across the Pilton Valley Road and threatened to burn out of control.

Police said Mr Cochran's plane was preparing for another run to spray the poison on the scheduled property when cross winds caused the aircraft's wings to rise and fall on both sides before flipping it into a 180 degree turn and into a nose-dive.

Late last night friends comforting Mr Cochran's wife Toni and children, described Mr Cochran as "one of the nicest people the world will ever see."

"It has been devastating news for his wife Toni and their three young children," a friend said.

"He was one of Australia's most qualified and experienced pilots and has been flying since he left high school," he said.

"He was an exceptionally talented pilot who was one of the nicest people the world will ever see."

Mr Cochran had been a commercial pilot for Ansett and lived in Dubai when flying Boeing 777 for Emirates Airlines.

In July, The Chronicle featured an in-depth story with a passionate Mr Cochran, the recently new owner of Rural Aviation of Toowoomba, as a mice-plague threatened to descend on the Darling Downs.

Clifton Police officer-in-charge Guy Smidt said the Department of Civil Aviation was contacted and were expected to arrive last night.

 

https://www.thechronicle.com.au/news/cropduster-pilot-dies-crash-near-toowoomba/47905/

Crop duster pilot dies in crash near Toowoomba

29th Sep 2008

 

TOOWOOMBA pilot Greg Cochran has died after a freak gust of wind flipped his crop duster causing it to crash to the ground where it burst into flames, 54 kilometres south-east of Toowoomba yesterday.

The former Wagners Aviation chief pilot and part-time CareFlight aviator was killed while spraying the final of three scheduled grain properties with rat and mice bait at Upper Pilton, on the Pilton Valley Road at 2.30pm.

Property owner Phillip Moore and passing motorists, who stopped to help, were unable to get to Mr Cochran after the light aircraft was engulfed in flames seconds after it crashed into the ground, just metres away from the roadway.

The stand-in  firefighters instead, focused their attentions on extinguishing the two-hectare grass fire that leapt across the Pilton Valley Road and threatened to burn out of control.

Police said Mr Cochran’s plane was preparing for another run to spray the poison on the scheduled property when cross winds caused the aircraft’s wings to rise and fall on both sides before flipping it into a 180 degree turn and into a nose-dive.

Late last night friends comforting Mr Cochran’s wife Toni and children, described Mr Cochran as “one of the nicest people the world will ever see.”

“It has been devastating news for his wife Toni and their three young children,” a friend said.

“He was one of Australia’s most qualified and experienced pilots and has been flying since he left high school,” he said.

“He was an exceptionally talented pilot who was one of the nicest people the world will ever see.”

Mr Cochran had been a commercial pilot for Ansett and lived in Dubai when flying Boeing 777 for Emirates Airlines.

In July, The Chronicle featured an in-depth story with a passionate Mr Cochran, the recently new owner of Rural Aviation of Toowoomba, as a mice-plague threatened to descend on the Darling Downs.

Clifton Police officer-in-charge Guy Smidt said the Department of Civil Aviation was contacted and were expected to arrive last night.

https://www.thechronicle.com.au/news/cropduster-pilot-dies-crash-near-toowoomba/47905/

2015 March: Crop Duster Crash Mortlake.

Pilot killed in light plane crash while crop dusting near Warrnambool in western Victoria

20 Mar 2015 ABC Radio

A pilot has been killed in a light plane crash near Warrnambool, in Victoria's south-west.

The Piper Pawnee PA-25 crop duster came down on a property on the Hamilton Highway at Mortlake about 9:30am (AEDT).

Local residents saw the plane in the area but there were no witnesses to the crash.

Residents called police when they saw a plume of smoke.

The pilot, believed to be a 24-year-old Cavendish man, died at the scene, but has not yet been formally identified.

Police said the emergency services attended the scene but it appears the pilot died either on or shortly after impact.

The Australian Transport Safety Bureau will investigate the cause of the crash.

Any witnesses are urged to contact Crime Stoppers.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-03-20/pilot-killed-in-crop-duster-crash-in-western-victoria/6335190

Pilot killed in light plane crash while crop dusting near Warrnambool in western Victoria

20 Mar 2015 ABC Radio

A pilot has been killed in a light plane crash near Warrnambool, in Victoria’s south-west.

The Piper Pawnee PA-25 crop duster came down on a property on the Hamilton Highway at Mortlake about 9:30am (AEDT).

Local residents saw the plane in the area but there were no witnesses to the crash.

Residents called police when they saw a plume of smoke.

The pilot, believed to be a 24-year-old Cavendish man, died at the scene, but has not yet been formally identified.

Police said the emergency services attended the scene but it appears the pilot died either on or shortly after impact.

The Australian Transport Safety Bureau will investigate the cause of the crash.

Any witnesses are urged to contact Crime Stoppers.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-03-20/pilot-killed-in-crop-duster-crash-in-western-victoria/6335190

2003 December: Helicopter Crash Spraying Plantations. Pesticide detected: Alpha-Cypermethrin

The issues relating to pesticide usage in Break O’Day catchments were brought to a head in December 2003 when a helicopter, ostensibly carrying only the insecticide alpha-cypermethrin, crashed approximately 250m uphill from the South George River, a tributary of the George River (see Figure 2). The resultant spill of insecticide (and possibly aviation fuel) caused concern within the community as it was perceived that the incident was not managed effectively by authorities through the use of the authorized Incident Communication Protocol (ICP) 17.

 

Investigation by the community determined that there was no site decontamination and no advice given to the public regarding possible water contamination,including contamination of drinking water (Bleaney 2004). There was no pesticide monitoring of drinking water in the river system by authorities following the helicopter crash, until July 2004.

 

It is notable that 16 weeks after the crash and 11 weeks after a major flood (January 2004), an investigation by Department of Primary Industries,Water and Environment (DPIWE) 18 found alpha-cypermethrin, atrazine, simazine, terbacil 19 and chlorothalonil 20 in significant amounts at the crash site (See Appendix 1). The official explanation of this, given by the Registrar for Chemical Products (DPIWE), was that the helicopter spray tank had probably ruptured on impact and chemicals built up on the inside of the tank had leaked out.

 

https://www.sourcewatch.org/images/a/a0/Community_Audit_GR_23-4-2007.pdf

The issues relating to pesticide usage in Break O’Day catchments were brought to a head in December 2003 when a helicopter, ostensibly carrying only the insecticide alpha-cypermethrin, crashed approximately 250m uphill from the South George River, a tributary of the George River (see Figure 2). The resultant spill of insecticide (and possibly aviation fuel) caused concern within the community as it was perceived that the incident was not managed effectively by authorities through the use of the authorized Incident Communication Protocol (ICP) 17.

Investigation by the community determined that there was no site decontamination and no

advice given to the public regarding possible water contamination,including contamination of drinking water (Bleaney 2004). There was no pesticide monitoring of drinking water in the river system by authorities following the helicopter crash, until July 2004.

It is notable that 16 weeks after the crash and 11 weeks after a major flood (January 2004), an investigation by Department of Primary Industries,Water and Environment (DPIWE) 18 found alpha-cypermethrin, atrazine, simazine, terbacil 19 and chlorothalonil 20 in significant amounts at the crash site (See Appendix 1). The official explanation of this, given by the Registrar for Chemical Products (DPIWE), was that the helicopter spray tank had probably ruptured on impact and chemicals built up on the inside of the tank had leaked out.

https://www.sourcewatch.org/images/a/a0/Community_Audit_GR_23-4-2007.pdf

2014 November: Timber Fumigation Sandford (NSW). Pesticide: Methyl Bromide

Timber exporter Crawfords Freightlines fuming after EPA ban on methyl bromide

10 November 2014

 

 

A Sandgate company has had its timber exporting operation shut down by the Environment Protection Authority (EPA) over its use of a fumigant. Source: The Herald.

The company, Crawfords Freightlines, has hit back at the EPA, saying the state government’s forestry department supplied the plantation-grown timber and was fully aware of the operation.

Managing director Peter Crawford said the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service signed off on every load.

The EPA swung into action over a leaflet printed by a ‘‘concerned resident’’ that called for ‘‘urgent action’’ over the use of methyl bromide, an ‘‘ozone depleting’’ fumigant that is being phased out of use in Australia.

It is toxic to humans and is regarded as dangerous, even at low levels of exposure.

Crawford said the company had been treating state forests timber for export to China for the past four years, with the fumigant pumped into sealed shipping containers.

He said the fumigators were suited and masked with a 50-metre exclusion zone around the job, which was done at night when possible.

He conceded, though, that the leftover methyl bromide was released to the atmosphere afterwards.

Ironically, Crawfords Freightlines began fumigating at Sandgate after the Newcastle Herald revealed concerns in 2010 about the way the timber was being fumigated en route to China by another company ‘‘under tarpaulins’’ on Dyke Point at Carrington.

Crawford said the EPA had inspected the business on Friday and left after issuing a ‘‘notice of prevention’’, ordering the company to immediately cease all fumigation activities at the premises.

The company had complied with the notice, but the way the EPA had handled the matter meant that at least 100 jobs were threatened.

He said Crawfords Freightlines processed about 60 to 80 containers of timber a week and everyone from timber cutters through to truck drivers, yard hands, fumigators and train crews would have no work in the short term.

He said there would be ‘‘wider ramifications if this issue is not resolved quickly’’.

‘‘Given the other government agencies were well aware of what was being done, it would be good if the EPA would arrive at some interim measure to allow us to carry on while the broader issues were settled,’’ Crawford said.

If any regulations were being breached the company had not done so knowingly, he said, but the EPA had said ‘‘ignorance is no excuse’’.

EPA director Gary Davey said the amount of methyl bromide being used at Crawfords Freightlines appeared to be ‘‘above the scheduled threshold’’, meaning it needed an Environmental Protection Licence for the activity.

‘‘The EPA is working with Crawfords Freightlines and Forest Corp NSW in an effort to minimise impacts on the industry arising from this matter,’’ Davey said.

https://www.timberbiz.com.au/timber-exporter-crawfords-freightlines-fuming-after-epa-ban-on-methyl-bromide/

Timber exporter Crawfords Freightlines fuming after EPA ban on methyl bromide

10 November 2014

 

 

A Sandgate company has had its timber exporting operation shut down by the Environment Protection Authority (EPA) over its use of a fumigant. Source: The Herald.

The company, Crawfords Freightlines, has hit back at the EPA, saying the state government’s forestry department supplied the plantation-grown timber and was fully aware of the operation.

Managing director Peter Crawford said the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service signed off on every load.

The EPA swung into action over a leaflet printed by a ‘‘concerned resident’’ that called for ‘‘urgent action’’ over the use of methyl bromide, an ‘‘ozone depleting’’ fumigant that is being phased out of use in Australia.

It is toxic to humans and is regarded as dangerous, even at low levels of exposure.

Crawford said the company had been treating state forests timber for export to China for the past four years, with the fumigant pumped into sealed shipping containers.

He said the fumigators were suited and masked with a 50-metre exclusion zone around the job, which was done at night when possible.

He conceded, though, that the leftover methyl bromide was released to the atmosphere afterwards.

Ironically, Crawfords Freightlines began fumigating at Sandgate after the Newcastle Herald revealed concerns in 2010 about the way the timber was being fumigated en route to China by another company ‘‘under tarpaulins’’ on Dyke Point at Carrington.

Crawford said the EPA had inspected the business on Friday and left after issuing a ‘‘notice of prevention’’, ordering the company to immediately cease all fumigation activities at the premises.

The company had complied with the notice, but the way the EPA had handled the matter meant that at least 100 jobs were threatened.

He said Crawfords Freightlines processed about 60 to 80 containers of timber a week and everyone from timber cutters through to truck drivers, yard hands, fumigators and train crews would have no work in the short term.

He said there would be ‘‘wider ramifications if this issue is not resolved quickly’’.

‘‘Given the other government agencies were well aware of what was being done, it would be good if the EPA would arrive at some interim measure to allow us to carry on while the broader issues were settled,’’ Crawford said.

If any regulations were being breached the company had not done so knowingly, he said, but the EPA had said ‘‘ignorance is no excuse’’.

EPA director Gary Davey said the amount of methyl bromide being used at Crawfords Freightlines appeared to be ‘‘above the scheduled threshold’’, meaning it needed an Environmental Protection Licence for the activity.

‘‘The EPA is working with Crawfords Freightlines and Forest Corp NSW in an effort to minimise impacts on the industry arising from this matter,’’ Davey said.

https://www.timberbiz.com.au/timber-exporter-crawfords-freightlines-fuming-after-epa-ban-on-methyl-bromide/

 

2010 August: Altona (Vic) Log Fumigation. Pesticide: Methyl Bromide.

Residents angry at lethal poison in suburb

August 5, 2010 The Age

Residents are alarmed that a lethal gas is being used to fumigate logs from the Black Saturday bushfires about 200 metres from Altona homes.

The site is less than a kilometre from Prime Minister Julia Gillard's house and Altona College.

Viking Express Transport has sub-contracted Footscray-based Container Fumigation Services (CFS) to treat logs destined for China with methyl bromide. The toxic gas has been banned in other countries and parts of Australia. New Zealand's maritime union became part of a coalition against the use of methyl bromide after six port workers died from motor neurone disease.

Viking has applied for a permit from Hobsons Bay Council to establish a permanent freight terminal for the storage and loading of logs at 441-459 Kororoit Creek Road.
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Viking general manager Michael Duckworth said the fumigation had nothing to do with him and directed us to talk to CFS.

A CFS representative said yesterday he had been instructed not to talk to Fairfax.

Concerned resident and business owner Jarrod Crowley said he had strong reservations about the use of methyl bromide. "The research I've done [indicates] it's a carcinogen," he said. "It causes cancer, birth defects. I'm worried that they're importing and exporting containers using methyl bromide without a permit.

"The concern is that methyl bromide, as a liquid, shouldn't be used 150 metres or so from homes, but when it's a fumigant it's an aerosol, so it's air-based and travels a lot further.

"A lot of countries around the world and, in particular, in parts of Australia have now banned it because it's not allowed to be used within two kilometres of homes."

Another resident, Raymond Ross, said his daughter and her friends had reported seeing what they thought was green mould on the ground.

They play on the vast tract of land near the logs being fumigated.

"I class it as our backyard," Mr Ross said. "It's been our backyard for four years and the kids come over here and play. My daughter . . . thought it was mould, but it's actually green stuff from over there. "

Resident Jenny Dybalo said she was upset that Viking did not mention the fumigation in its planning permit. "They've suggested they're going to be a transport industry and in fact they're not."

Hobsons Bay deputy mayor Tony Briffa said he strongly opposed Viking's permit application.

"Methyl bromide has been banned across the European Union. It's not only bad for people's health, but also it's bad for the ozone, bad for the environment.

"If this is one of the Chinese government's requirements to fumigate these logs with methyl bromide, they can ship these logs as they are to Chinese waters and fumigate them there. New Zealand also exports logs to China, but in their case they fumigate the logs in containers at sea. I believe we should insist on the same process."

Last Friday, the council applied to the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal for an enforcement order to immediately stop Viking from continuing to fumigate logs at Altona.

Cr Briffa is planning to write to Victoria's chief health officer John Carnie, Health Minister Daniel Andrews, Environment and Climate Change Minister Gavin Jennings and Altona MP Jill Hennessy requesting their intervention.

Cr Briffa said he would also seek the council's backing to write to Ms Gillard and relevant federal ministers seeking a review of the use of methyl bromide and the possibility of banning the chemical.

https://www.theage.com.au/victoria/residents-angry-at-lethal-poison-in-suburb-20100804-11fue.html

Residents angry at lethal poison in suburb

August 5, 2010 The Age

Residents are alarmed that a lethal gas is being used to fumigate logs from the Black Saturday bushfires about 200 metres from Altona homes.

The site is less than a kilometre from Prime Minister Julia Gillard’s house and Altona College.

Viking Express Transport has sub-contracted Footscray-based Container Fumigation Services (CFS) to treat logs destined for China with methyl bromide. The toxic gas has been banned in other countries and parts of Australia. New Zealand’s maritime union became part of a coalition against the use of methyl bromide after six port workers died from motor neurone disease.

Viking has applied for a permit from Hobsons Bay Council to establish a permanent freight terminal for the storage and loading of logs at 441-459 Kororoit Creek Road.
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Viking general manager Michael Duckworth said the fumigation had nothing to do with him and directed us to talk to CFS.

A CFS representative said yesterday he had been instructed not to talk to Fairfax.

Concerned resident and business owner Jarrod Crowley said he had strong reservations about the use of methyl bromide. “The research I’ve done [indicates] it’s a carcinogen,” he said. “It causes cancer, birth defects. I’m worried that they’re importing and exporting containers using methyl bromide without a permit.

“The concern is that methyl bromide, as a liquid, shouldn’t be used 150 metres or so from homes, but when it’s a fumigant it’s an aerosol, so it’s air-based and travels a lot further.

“A lot of countries around the world and, in particular, in parts of Australia have now banned it because it’s not allowed to be used within two kilometres of homes.”

Another resident, Raymond Ross, said his daughter and her friends had reported seeing what they thought was green mould on the ground.

They play on the vast tract of land near the logs being fumigated.

“I class it as our backyard,” Mr Ross said. “It’s been our backyard for four years and the kids come over here and play. My daughter . . . thought it was mould, but it’s actually green stuff from over there. “

Resident Jenny Dybalo said she was upset that Viking did not mention the fumigation in its planning permit. “They’ve suggested they’re going to be a transport industry and in fact they’re not.”

Hobsons Bay deputy mayor Tony Briffa said he strongly opposed Viking’s permit application.

“Methyl bromide has been banned across the European Union. It’s not only bad for people’s health, but also it’s bad for the ozone, bad for the environment.

“If this is one of the Chinese government’s requirements to fumigate these logs with methyl bromide, they can ship these logs as they are to Chinese waters and fumigate them there. New Zealand also exports logs to China, but in their case they fumigate the logs in containers at sea. I believe we should insist on the same process.”

Last Friday, the council applied to the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal for an enforcement order to immediately stop Viking from continuing to fumigate logs at Altona.

Cr Briffa is planning to write to Victoria’s chief health officer John Carnie, Health Minister Daniel Andrews, Environment and Climate Change Minister Gavin Jennings and Altona MP Jill Hennessy requesting their intervention.

Cr Briffa said he would also seek the council’s backing to write to Ms Gillard and relevant federal ministers seeking a review of the use of methyl bromide and the possibility of banning the chemical.

https://www.theage.com.au/victoria/residents-angry-at-lethal-poison-in-suburb-20100804-11fue.html

2015 March: Toolangi Strawberries. Pesticide: Methyl Bromide

Pesticide banned worldwide still used to grow 70pc of Australian strawberries

30 Mar 2015, ABC Radio

 

About 70 per cent of Australian strawberries are being grown on runners that have been fumigated with an environmentally damaging pesticide that has been banned around the world.

Methyl bromide is an odourless and colourless gas which was banned under the United Nations Montreal Protocol in 1989 because it depletes the ozone layer.

Australia agreed to phase it out by 2005 but a decade later, nine strawberry runner growers at Toolangi, in Victoria's Yarra Valley, are still using nearly 30 tonnes a year.

They produce 100 million strawberry runners annually, which in turn generate about 70 per cent of Australian strawberries.

Each year they apply to the UN for a critical use exemption from the ban, claiming the alternatives are financially crippling.

The co-chair of the UN Methyl Bromide Technical Options committee, Dr Ian Porter, said the situation was frustrating.

"Internationally, we've gotten rid of 85 per cent of methyl bromide, and it's a great win for mankind — in fact it's the best environmental gain that's been made," he said.

"[The strawberry runner growers] want to get rid of it, but there's a responsibility to provide high-health runners for the industry.

"It's frustrating ... but we don't want industries to fall over economically or technically. We don't want more disease or pests in Australia."

Environmental Justice Australia said it was concerned the growers were using a loophole to continue their use of methyl bromide.

"I think if people did know more about this issue, they'd be very concerned that the strawberries they're consuming are contributing to this significant environmental issue," chief executive Brendan Sydes said.

"There was a commitment to phase out this chemical by 2005 and yet, despite that, we're continuing to use it in this industry. It's a real concern.

"I think it's a real failure of the industry to come up with some alternative methods of producing strawberry runners, but also of the government to insist on compliance with this important regulatory regime."

Prices would increase to $10 a punnet: industry

The strawberry growers said if they were forced to stop using methyl bromide, the viability of the $400 million strawberry industry would be "compromised" and 15,000 jobs jeopardised.

The industry estimated their costs could soar by 500 per cent if they were to switch to soilless growing systems, similar to those used in parts of Europe.

The runner industry has invested more than $700,000 on research and development to find alternatives to methyl bromide.

Toolangi Certified Strawberry Runner Growers' Cooperative

That cost would be passed on to consumers, and a punnet of strawberries could end up costing more than $10.

"You imagine turning 100 hectares immediately into glass houses, and the impact that would have," Dr Porter said.

"It's just not the least bit economical at this stage.

"It's tough to weigh up economics, it's one of our challenges. Will consumers pay $10 a punnet? I don't know."

But local permaculturist Graeme George said people would pay more.

"I think it's well demonstrated with the organic industry where prices can be quite a bit higher than with conventional agriculture," he said.

"I can understand the financial incentives (for using methyl bromide), but it's symptomatic of the pressures the agricultural industry is under.

"Supermarkets are driving prices down."

'Imports would increase, threaten local industry'

The nine farms still using the chemical are part of the Toolangi Certified Strawberry Runner Growers' Cooperative, which declined to speak to the ABC.

But in a statement they said banning methyl bromide would threaten the Australian industry.

"Consumers would have reduced availability of fresh, delicious, Australian-grown strawberries," it said.

"Berry imports would increase, which do not always have the same production methods and health standards that Australian strawberries enjoy," referring to the recent Nanna's Berries scandal.

The statement said the growers had made a "considerable effort" to reduce their use of methyl bromide and were funding "world-leading research".

"The runner industry has invested more than $700,000 on research and development to find alternatives to methyl bromide," the statement said.

"This has included research on new fumigants, biological controls and alternative production systems.

"Research from this program has identified alternatives that proved suitable for other horticultural industries ... [but] research has not yet found an effective alternative for runner production at Toolangi.

"The soils at Toolangi are clays with high organic matter, and alternative treatments used in other parts of Australia do not work well in these conditions, especially in cold temperatures."

The Victorian and federal governments make financial contributions to the industry's research programs.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-03-29/toxic-pesticide-used-on-australian-strawberries/6354488

Pesticide banned worldwide still used to grow 70pc of Australian strawberries

30 Mar 2015, ABC Radio

About 70 per cent of Australian strawberries are being grown on runners that have been fumigated with an environmentally damaging pesticide that has been banned around the world.

Methyl bromide is an odourless and colourless gas which was banned under the United Nations Montreal Protocol in 1989 because it depletes the ozone layer.

Australia agreed to phase it out by 2005 but a decade later, nine strawberry runner growers at Toolangi, in Victoria’s Yarra Valley, are still using nearly 30 tonnes a year.

They produce 100 million strawberry runners annually, which in turn generate about 70 per cent of Australian strawberries.

Each year they apply to the UN for a critical use exemption from the ban, claiming the alternatives are financially crippling.

The co-chair of the UN Methyl Bromide Technical Options committee, Dr Ian Porter, said the situation was frustrating.

“Internationally, we’ve gotten rid of 85 per cent of methyl bromide, and it’s a great win for mankind — in fact it’s the best environmental gain that’s been made,” he said.

“[The strawberry runner growers] want to get rid of it, but there’s a responsibility to provide high-health runners for the industry.

“It’s frustrating … but we don’t want industries to fall over economically or technically. We don’t want more disease or pests in Australia.”

Environmental Justice Australia said it was concerned the growers were using a loophole to continue their use of methyl bromide.

“I think if people did know more about this issue, they’d be very concerned that the strawberries they’re consuming are contributing to this significant environmental issue,” chief executive Brendan Sydes said.

“There was a commitment to phase out this chemical by 2005 and yet, despite that, we’re continuing to use it in this industry. It’s a real concern.

“I think it’s a real failure of the industry to come up with some alternative methods of producing strawberry runners, but also of the government to insist on compliance with this important regulatory regime.”

Prices would increase to $10 a punnet: industry

The strawberry growers said if they were forced to stop using methyl bromide, the viability of the $400 million strawberry industry would be “compromised” and 15,000 jobs jeopardised.

The industry estimated their costs could soar by 500 per cent if they were to switch to soilless growing systems, similar to those used in parts of Europe.

The runner industry has invested more than $700,000 on research and development to find alternatives to methyl bromide.

Toolangi Certified Strawberry Runner Growers’ Cooperative

That cost would be passed on to consumers, and a punnet of strawberries could end up costing more than $10.

“You imagine turning 100 hectares immediately into glass houses, and the impact that would have,” Dr Porter said.

“It’s just not the least bit economical at this stage.

“It’s tough to weigh up economics, it’s one of our challenges. Will consumers pay $10 a punnet? I don’t know.”

But local permaculturist Graeme George said people would pay more.

“I think it’s well demonstrated with the organic industry where prices can be quite a bit higher than with conventional agriculture,” he said.

“I can understand the financial incentives (for using methyl bromide), but it’s symptomatic of the pressures the agricultural industry is under.

“Supermarkets are driving prices down.”

‘Imports would increase, threaten local industry’

The nine farms still using the chemical are part of the Toolangi Certified Strawberry Runner Growers’ Cooperative, which declined to speak to the ABC.

But in a statement they said banning methyl bromide would threaten the Australian industry.

“Consumers would have reduced availability of fresh, delicious, Australian-grown strawberries,” it said.

“Berry imports would increase, which do not always have the same production methods and health standards that Australian strawberries enjoy,” referring to the recent Nanna’s Berries scandal.

The statement said the growers had made a “considerable effort” to reduce their use of methyl bromide and were funding “world-leading research”.

“The runner industry has invested more than $700,000 on research and development to find alternatives to methyl bromide,” the statement said.

“This has included research on new fumigants, biological controls and alternative production systems.

“Research from this program has identified alternatives that proved suitable for other horticultural industries … [but] research has not yet found an effective alternative for runner production at Toolangi.

“The soils at Toolangi are clays with high organic matter, and alternative treatments used in other parts of Australia do not work well in these conditions, especially in cold temperatures.”

The Victorian and federal governments make financial contributions to the industry’s research programs.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-03-29/toxic-pesticide-used-on-australian-strawberries/6354488

2004 March: Toxic Spill Crash Sparks Fears for Health

Toxic Spill from Truck Crash Sparks Fears for Health

Sydney Morning Herald March 2 2004

The Great Western Highway may be open again but a landholder closest to a toxic spill last week fears his property has been permanently contaminated.

Peter Gray's 15-hectare block begins metres from where a truck overturned east of Lithgow last Wednesday night, killing its driver and smashing a load of herbicides, pesticides, acid and chlorine.

He has been warned not to let his dogs near his farm dam and to cease using its water.

The dam is on the same drainage line where the spill occurred and is 100 metres from a pit that was filled with sand and soil to catch any liquid escaping from the crash site.

The sandpit, near the highway, is about 20 metres long and 10 metres wide and crosses over the boundary of Mr Gray's property. The dumped soil surrounds several large gum trees. The NSW Department of Environment and Conservation said the soil was a precaution against chemicals escaping from the site.

When the Herald visited yesterday there was a foul tar-like leachate sitting on top of parts of the bulldozed dirt, and vegetation had begun to die.

"It doesn't take a rocket scientist to see that whatever is in that hole will eventually leach into our dam," Mr Gray said.

He has collected containers filled with pesticides to prove to authorities that the spill site clean-up has been inadequate.

The highway, at the bottom of Mount Victoria Pass, was reopened at the weekend.

But there is still a foul odour near the spill site. Mr Gray's home a few hundred metres away stinks of chemicals.

Some people involved in the clean-up have told him and his neighbours that there are fears about the long-term environmental health of nearby land.

The department has said Mr Gray's property is safe.

He said that he and his wife, Vanessa, had suffered headaches, had been unable to sleep properly, and had woken up sick each morning since the spill.

Both said they had been suffering from an inexplicable thirst. They have been drinking from their rainwater tanks because they were told their stored water should be safe.

Mr Gray's neighbour, Pauline Worthington, said she too had suffered headaches.

She said she was worried about the spill's possible effect on her land and breeding dogs.

"The lack of communication has been the biggest problem," she said. "I have had literally no information given to me. They had breathing apparatus and we were sitting down here with nothing.

"No one has even told us what kind of chemicals they were."

A spokesman for the department, John Dengate, said an investigation was under way.

The department will seek to determine who was responsible for the spill and whether there had been a breach of the Dangerous Goods Act, he said.

Many tens of tonnes of contaminated soil have been removed from the site for disposal.

"There's some need for further excavation but the vast majority has already been removed," Mr Dengate said. "The cleaning up will be done and the site will not pose a threat."

Preliminary test results did not detect poisons in Mr Gray's dam, he said.

Toxic Spill from Truck Crash Sparks Fears for Health

Sydney Morning Herald March 2 2004

The Great Western Highway may be open again but a landholder closest to a toxic spill last week fears his property has been permanently contaminated.

Peter Gray’s 15-hectare block begins metres from where a truck overturned east of Lithgow last Wednesday night, killing its driver and smashing a load of herbicides, pesticides, acid and chlorine.

He has been warned not to let his dogs near his farm dam and to cease using its water.

The dam is on the same drainage line where the spill occurred and is 100 metres from a pit that was filled with sand and soil to catch any liquid escaping from the crash site.

The sandpit, near the highway, is about 20 metres long and 10 metres wide and crosses over the boundary of Mr Gray’s property. The dumped soil surrounds several large gum trees. The NSW Department of Environment and Conservation said the soil was a precaution against chemicals escaping from the site.

When the Herald visited yesterday there was a foul tar-like leachate sitting on top of parts of the bulldozed dirt, and vegetation had begun to die.

“It doesn’t take a rocket scientist to see that whatever is in that hole will eventually leach into our dam,” Mr Gray said.

He has collected containers filled with pesticides to prove to authorities that the spill site clean-up has been inadequate.

The highway, at the bottom of Mount Victoria Pass, was reopened at the weekend.

But there is still a foul odour near the spill site. Mr Gray’s home a few hundred metres away stinks of chemicals.

Some people involved in the clean-up have told him and his neighbours that there are fears about the long-term environmental health of nearby land.

The department has said Mr Gray’s property is safe.

He said that he and his wife, Vanessa, had suffered headaches, had been unable to sleep properly, and had woken up sick each morning since the spill.

Both said they had been suffering from an inexplicable thirst. They have been drinking from their rainwater tanks because they were told their stored water should be safe.

Mr Gray’s neighbour, Pauline Worthington, said she too had suffered headaches.

She said she was worried about the spill’s possible effect on her land and breeding dogs.

“The lack of communication has been the biggest problem,” she said. “I have had literally no information given to me. They had breathing apparatus and we were sitting down here with nothing.

“No one has even told us what kind of chemicals they were.”

A spokesman for the department, John Dengate, said an investigation was under way.

The department will seek to determine who was responsible for the spill and whether there had been a breach of the Dangerous Goods Act, he said.

Many tens of tonnes of contaminated soil have been removed from the site for disposal.

“There’s some need for further excavation but the vast majority has already been removed,” Mr Dengate said. “The cleaning up will be done and the site will not pose a threat.”

Preliminary test results did not detect poisons in Mr Gray’s dam, he said.

2015 February: Nerrina State Forest (Vic). Health concerns about recent spraying on bush tracks

Walker believes pets sick after chemical exposure

Feb. 4, 2015, Ballarat Courier.

PEOPLE using the Nerrina forest tracks are concerned for their pets and their own health from sprays they believe were used in the area.

Tristan Burke said he exercised most days and had never felt shortness of breath until he walked the paths with his mother in the past fortnight.

“I had breathing difficulties and had a chemical feeling in my mouth,” Mr Burke said.

He said his mother’s dogs had also had reactions, including diarrhoea, vomiting and skin infections.

Mr Burke said his mother was also getting sick.

“She wouldn’t have gone there and exposed herself or her dogs to the chemicals if she knew it was there.”

He said it was more than a week after they had experienced reactions that they saw a pink spray through the area and realised chemicals were being sprayed again.

His mother had been walking the dogs most days in the area off Glenisla Road, in the Nerrina State Forest, with Mr Burke sometimes going with her.

“We won’t be going there for a while now. She liked the area because there was water for the dogs to swim and have a drink.”
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Mr Burke said it was only in the past couple of days they had seen one sign, which was in the middle of the sprayed area and not at any entrance to the tracks or beginning of the sprayed area.

Different sections of the forest are managed by Ballarat City Council, the Department of Environment, Land, Water & Planning and a catchment authority, with confusion about which authority manages that specific area.

https://www.thecourier.com.au/story/2862779/forest-spray-concern/

Walker believes pets sick after chemical exposure

Feb. 4, 2015, Ballarat Courier.

PEOPLE using the Nerrina forest tracks are concerned for their pets and their own health from sprays they believe were used in the area.

Tristan Burke said he exercised most days and had never felt shortness of breath until he walked the paths with his mother in the past fortnight.

“I had breathing difficulties and had a chemical feeling in my mouth,” Mr Burke said.

He said his mother’s dogs had also had reactions, including diarrhoea, vomiting and skin infections.

Mr Burke said his mother was also getting sick.

“She wouldn’t have gone there and exposed herself or her dogs to the chemicals if she knew it was there.”

He said it was more than a week after they had experienced reactions that they saw a pink spray through the area and realised chemicals were being sprayed again.

His mother had been walking the dogs most days in the area off Glenisla Road, in the Nerrina State Forest, with Mr Burke sometimes going with her.

“We won’t be going there for a while now. She liked the area because there was water for the dogs to swim and have a drink.”
See your ad here

Mr Burke said it was only in the past couple of days they had seen one sign, which was in the middle of the sprayed area and not at any entrance to the tracks or beginning of the sprayed area.

Different sections of the forest are managed by Ballarat City Council, the Department of Environment, Land, Water & Planning and a catchment authority, with confusion about which authority manages that specific area.

https://www.thecourier.com.au/story/2862779/forest-spray-concern/

1998 -9: Turrabelle Creek. Pesticides: Endosulfan, Fluometuron, Prometryn, Metolachlor

Water Quality in the Central and North West Regions of NSW, in relation to the cotton industry. Monika Muschal and Bruce Cooper. Department of Land and Water Conservation, NSW P.O. Box 3720, Parramatta, NSW 2124

Two sites had relatively high incidences of endosulfan sulphate, alpha and beta endosulfan, fluometuron, prometryn and metolachlor (crosses). These results demonstrate the impacts on surface water quality.

Water Quality in the Central and North West Regions of NSW, in relation to the cotton industry. Monika Muschal and Bruce Cooper. Department of Land and Water Conservation, NSW P.O. Box 3720, Parramatta, NSW 2124

Two sites had relatively high incidences of endosulfan sulphate, alpha and beta endosulfan, fluometuron, prometryn and metolachlor (crosses). These results demonstrate the impacts on surface water quality.

1998-9: Darling River downstream of Bourke. Pesticides: Endosulfan, Fluometuron, Prometryn, Metolachlor

Water Quality in the Central and North West Regions of NSW, in relation to the cotton industry. Monika Muschal and Bruce Cooper. Department of Land and Water Conservation, NSW P.O. Box 3720, Parramatta, NSW 2124

Two sites had relatively high incidences of endosulfan sulphate, alpha and beta endosulfan, fluometuron, prometryn and metolachlor (crosses). These results demonstrate the impacts on surface water quality.

Water Quality in the Central and North West Regions of NSW, in relation to the cotton industry. Monika Muschal and Bruce Cooper. Department of Land and Water Conservation, NSW P.O. Box 3720, Parramatta, NSW 2124

Two sites had relatively high incidences of endosulfan sulphate, alpha and beta endosulfan, fluometuron, prometryn and metolachlor (crosses). These results demonstrate the impacts on surface water quality.

2003: Big Jack Creek (NSW). Pesticide detected: Atrazine

Importance of the study of atrazine toxicity to amphibians in the Australian environment

Khurshida Akter Siddiqua1*, Scott P. Wilson1, and Ralph Alquezar21Centre for Environmental Management, CQUniversity, Gladstone, Qld- 4680, Australia.2 Vision Environment Queensland, PO Box 1267, Gladstone, Qld 4680, Australia.

Manuscript received, 24/5/2011; accepted, 28/3/2012

 

From paddocks cropped with sorghum at Big Jacks Creek in the Liverpool Plains, NSW, the highest concentration of atrazine in runoff water was 159μg/L. The second highest peak concentration was recorded from the same site (103μg/L) approximately

three months after application (Sun and Cornish 2003).

 

https://www.ecotox.org.au/aje/archives/vol16p103.pdf

Importance of the study of atrazine toxicity to amphibians in the Australian environment

Khurshida Akter Siddiqua1*, Scott P. Wilson1, and Ralph Alquezar21Centre for Environmental Management, CQUniversity, Gladstone, Qld- 4680, Australia.2 Vision Environment Queensland, PO Box 1267, Gladstone, Qld 4680, Australia.

Manuscript received, 24/5/2011; accepted, 28/3/2012

From paddocks cropped with sorghum at Big Jacks Creek in the Liverpool Plains, NSW, the highest concentration of atrazine in runoff water was 159μg/L. The second highest peak concentration was recorded from the same site (103μg/L) approximately

three months after application (Sun and Cornish 2003).

https://www.ecotox.org.au/aje/archives/vol16p103.pdf

2002 – 2008: Atrazine detected in Fitzroy River.

Importance of the study of atrazine toxicity to amphibians in the Australian environment

Khurshida Akter Siddiqua1*, Scott P. Wilson1, and Ralph Alquezar21Centre for Environmental Management, CQUniversity, Gladstone, Qld- 4680, Australia.2 Vision Environment Queensland, PO Box 1267, Gladstone, Qld 4680, Australia.

Manuscript received, 24/5/2011; accepted, 28/3/2012

 

In the Fitzroy River basin (Central Queensland), one of the largest catchments draining to the east coast of Australia,atrazine has been found to be one of the most abundant surface water contaminants with reported concentrations from 0.04 to 0.43μg/L during 2002 to 2008 (Packett 2009).

 

https://www.ecotox.org.au/aje/archives/vol16p103.pdf

Importance of the study of atrazine toxicity to amphibians in the Australian environment

Khurshida Akter Siddiqua1*, Scott P. Wilson1, and Ralph Alquezar21Centre for Environmental Management, CQUniversity, Gladstone, Qld- 4680, Australia.2 Vision Environment Queensland, PO Box 1267, Gladstone, Qld 4680, Australia.

Manuscript received, 24/5/2011; accepted, 28/3/2012

In the Fitzroy River basin (Central Queensland), one of the largest catchments draining to the east coast of Australia,atrazine has been found to be one of the most abundant surface

water contaminants with reported concentrations from 0.04 to 0.43μg/L during 2002 to 2008 (Packett 2009).

https://www.ecotox.org.au/aje/archives/vol16p103.pdf

1986 – 1987: Tweed Tank Water. Pesticides: Chlordane, Dieldrin, Propiconazole

Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water in the North Coast Region of NSW, Australia 1986-87. Bulletin. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1989) 42:595-602

Ballina Reticulated Water Lindane 6ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.1ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L

Byron Springwater Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Spring Water 2,4,5-T 1ug/L
Byron Spring Water Propiconazole 0.6ug/L

Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.9ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.3ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.15ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.87ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Aldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Spring Water Propiconazole 5.5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 4.8ug/L

Lismore Canal 2,4-D 9ug/L

Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.8ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.09ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.5ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.13ug/L
Tweed Tank Water OH-Chlordane 0.1ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Propiconazole 2.4ug/L

Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water in the North Coast Region of NSW, Australia 1986-87. Bulletin. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1989) 42:595-602

Ballina Reticulated Water Lindane 6ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.1ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L

Byron Springwater Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Spring Water 2,4,5-T 1ug/L
Byron Spring Water Propiconazole 0.6ug/L

Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.9ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.3ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.15ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.87ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Aldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Spring Water Propiconazole 5.5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 4.8ug/L

Lismore Canal 2,4-D 9ug/L

Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.8ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.09ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.5ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.13ug/L
Tweed Tank Water OH-Chlordane 0.1ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Propiconazole 2.4ug/L

1986 – 1987: Lismore Canal. Pesticide: 2,4-D

Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water in the North Coast Region of NSW, Australia 1986-87. Bulletin. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1989) 42:595-602

Ballina Reticulated Water Lindane 6ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.1ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L

Byron Springwater Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Spring Water 2,4,5-T 1ug/L
Byron Spring Water Propiconazole 0.6ug/L

Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.9ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.3ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.15ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.87ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Aldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Spring Water Propiconazole 5.5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 4.8ug/L

Lismore Canal 2,4-D 9ug/L

Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.8ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.09ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.5ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.13ug/L
Tweed Tank Water OH-Chlordane 0.1ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Propiconazole 2.4ug/L

Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water in the North Coast Region of NSW, Australia 1986-87. Bulletin. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1989) 42:595-602

Ballina Reticulated Water Lindane 6ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.1ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L

Byron Springwater Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Spring Water 2,4,5-T 1ug/L
Byron Spring Water Propiconazole 0.6ug/L

Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.9ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.3ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.15ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.87ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Aldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Spring Water Propiconazole 5.5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 4.8ug/L

Lismore Canal 2,4-D 9ug/L

Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.8ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.09ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.5ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.13ug/L
Tweed Tank Water OH-Chlordane 0.1ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Propiconazole 2.4ug/L

1986 – 1987: Coffs Harbour Tank Water. Pesticides: Dieldrin, Aldrin, Propiconazole

Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water in the North Coast Region of NSW, Australia 1986-87. Bulletin. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1989) 42:595-602

Ballina Reticulated Water Lindane 6ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.1ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L

Byron Springwater Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Spring Water 2,4,5-T 1ug/L
Byron Spring Water Propiconazole 0.6ug/L

Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.9ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.3ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.15ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.87ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Aldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Spring Water Propiconazole 5.5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 4.8ug/L

Lismore Canal 2,4-D 9ug/L

Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.8ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.09ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.5ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.13ug/L
Tweed Tank Water OH-Chlordane 0.1ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Propiconazole 2.4ug/L

Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water in the North Coast Region of NSW, Australia 1986-87. Bulletin. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1989) 42:595-602

Ballina Reticulated Water Lindane 6ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.1ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L

Byron Springwater Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Spring Water 2,4,5-T 1ug/L
Byron Spring Water Propiconazole 0.6ug/L

Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.9ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.3ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.15ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.87ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Aldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Spring Water Propiconazole 5.5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 4.8ug/L

Lismore Canal 2,4-D 9ug/L

Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.8ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.09ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.5ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.13ug/L
Tweed Tank Water OH-Chlordane 0.1ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Propiconazole 2.4ug/L

1986 – 1987: Byron (NSW) spring and tank water. Pesticides: Propiconazole, Dieldrin, 2,4,5-T

Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water in the North Coast Region of NSW, Australia 1986-87. Bulletin. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1989) 42:595-602

Ballina Reticulated Water Lindane 6ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.1ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L

Byron Springwater Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Spring Water 2,4,5-T 1ug/L
Byron Spring Water Propiconazole 0.6ug/L

Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.9ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.3ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.15ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.87ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Aldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Spring Water Propiconazole 5.5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 4.8ug/L

Lismore Canal 2,4-D 9ug/L

Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.8ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.09ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.5ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.13ug/L
Tweed Tank Water OH-Chlordane 0.1ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Propiconazole 2.4ug/L

Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water in the North Coast Region of NSW, Australia 1986-87. Bulletin. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1989) 42:595-602

Ballina Reticulated Water Lindane 6ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.1ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L

Byron Springwater Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Spring Water 2,4,5-T 1ug/L
Byron Spring Water Propiconazole 0.6ug/L

Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.9ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.3ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.15ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.87ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Aldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Spring Water Propiconazole 5.5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 4.8ug/L

Lismore Canal 2,4-D 9ug/L

Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.8ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.09ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.5ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.13ug/L
Tweed Tank Water OH-Chlordane 0.1ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Propiconazole 2.4ug/L

1986 – 1987: Ballina reticulated and tank water. Pesticides: Lindane, Dieldrin

Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water in the North Coast Region of NSW, Australia 1986-87. Bulletin. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1989) 42:595-602

Ballina Reticulated Water Lindane 6ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.1ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L

Byron Springwater Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Spring Water 2,4,5-T 1ug/L
Byron Spring Water Propiconazole 0.6ug/L

Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.9ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.3ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.15ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.87ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Aldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Spring Water Propiconazole 5.5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 4.8ug/L

Lismore Canal 2,4-D 9ug/L

Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.8ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.09ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.5ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.13ug/L
Tweed Tank Water OH-Chlordane 0.1ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Propiconazole 2.4ug/L

Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water in the North Coast Region of NSW, Australia 1986-87. Bulletin. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (1989) 42:595-602

Ballina Reticulated Water Lindane 6ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.1ug/L
Ballina Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L

Byron Springwater Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Byron Spring Water 2,4,5-T 1ug/L
Byron Spring Water Propiconazole 0.6ug/L

Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.9ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.3ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1.15ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 1ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.87ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.2ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Aldrin 0.06ug/L
Coffs Harbour Spring Water Propiconazole 5.5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 5ug/L
Coffs Harbour Tank Water Propiconazole 4.8ug/L

Lismore Canal 2,4-D 9ug/L

Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.8ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.09ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.5ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.07ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Dieldrin 0.06ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Chlordane 0.13ug/L
Tweed Tank Water OH-Chlordane 0.1ug/L
Tweed Tank Water Propiconazole 2.4ug/L

1989 February: Caringbah Inn Hotel Evacuated. Pesticide: Dichlorvos

Toxic Leak Puts Four In Hospital

Sydney Morning Herald Monday February 6, 1989

Four people were taken to Sutherland Hospital last night after a leak of toxic insecticide at the Caringbah Inn Hotel.

A spokesman for the fire brigade said the insecticide, Dichlorvos, leaked from four 50kilogram cylinders into the Caringbah Inn Hotel shortly after 6pm

The insecticide is used in the control of cockroaches.

The hotel manageress, Ms Kathy Toner, said 200 people had been evacuated from the hotel for 75 minutes.

Ms Toner said the leak had been "nothing serious at all".

"The four people were just taken to hospital as a precaution," Ms Toner said.

"Now they're back at the hotel, drinking beer."

A spokesman for the hospital refused to comment on the condition of the four people.

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1989/2/6/toxic-leak-puts-four-in-hospital/

Toxic Leak Puts Four In Hospital

Sydney Morning Herald Monday February 6, 1989

Four people were taken to Sutherland Hospital last night after a leak of toxic insecticide at the Caringbah Inn Hotel.

A spokesman for the fire brigade said the insecticide, Dichlorvos, leaked from four 50kilogram cylinders into the Caringbah Inn Hotel shortly after 6pm

The insecticide is used in the control of cockroaches.

The hotel manageress, Ms Kathy Toner, said 200 people had been evacuated from the hotel for 75 minutes.

Ms Toner said the leak had been “nothing serious at all”.

“The four people were just taken to hospital as a precaution,” Ms Toner said.

“Now they’re back at the hotel, drinking beer.”

A spokesman for the hospital refused to comment on the condition of the four people.

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1989/2/6/toxic-leak-puts-four-in-hospital/

1988 December – 1989 January: Mungindi Cotton grower fined massive fish kill.

Nsw Law Crosses The Border

Sydney Morning Herald Tuesday August 28, 1990

A cotton grower has been convicted by a NSW court on charges relating to pollution caused by chemicals he spread on his property in Queensland.

The grower, charged with polluting the Barwon River on the NSW border with insecticide which killed thousands of fish, would not be charged under Queensland law, the Land and Environment Court heard yesterday.

The chief judge, Justice Cripps, convicted Geoffrey Brownlie, 41, of Ridgeview, Mungindi, Queensland, on two charges by the NSW State Pollution Control Commission, under the NSW Clean Waters Act. The offences occurred between December 30, 1988 and January 1, 1989.

Mungindi is built on both sides of the Barwon, the middle line of which is the border between the two States. The pollution occurred when unexpected heavy rain washed the insecticide off Mr Brownlie's cotton crop in Queensland into the river.

In August this year, after Mr Brownlie pleaded not guilty, Justice Cripps found the offences proved. Mr Brownlie then lodged an appeal with the Court of Appeal, alleging that the Land and Environment Court had no jurisdiction to hear the charges as its authority ended at the border.

Yesterday, in a submission on penalty, Mr Brownlie's barrister, Mr Angus Talbot, asked the judge to deal with him under Section 556A of the Crimes Act, the first offender's provision, without recording a conviction.

Mr Talbot said the Queensland Clean Waters Act allowed the discharge of stormwater from agricultural land into Queensland rivers, so the polluted run-off into the Barwon did not contravene Queensland law and Queensland authorities did nothing about it.

It entered their river, too; arguably it killed their fish - indeed, all the fish may have been Queensland fish, he said.

Ms Helen Murrell, for the commission, said Mr Brownlie's actions resulted in the deaths of many thousands of fish for several kilometres of the river, extending through the town water supply.

Justice Cripps convicted Mr Brownlie and fined him $12,000 on one charge and $1 on the other, and ordered him to pay, subject to assessment, the commission's costs of about $30,000. Mr Brownlie intends to appeal against his conviction.

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1990/8/28/nsw-law-crosses-the-border/

Nsw Law Crosses The Border

Sydney Morning Herald Tuesday August 28, 1990

A cotton grower has been convicted by a NSW court on charges relating to pollution caused by chemicals he spread on his property in Queensland.

The grower, charged with polluting the Barwon River on the NSW border with insecticide which killed thousands of fish, would not be charged under Queensland law, the Land and Environment Court heard yesterday.

The chief judge, Justice Cripps, convicted Geoffrey Brownlie, 41, of Ridgeview, Mungindi, Queensland, on two charges by the NSW State Pollution Control Commission, under the NSW Clean Waters Act. The offences occurred between December 30, 1988 and January 1, 1989.

Mungindi is built on both sides of the Barwon, the middle line of which is the border between the two States. The pollution occurred when unexpected heavy rain washed the insecticide off Mr Brownlie’s cotton crop in Queensland into the river.

In August this year, after Mr Brownlie pleaded not guilty, Justice Cripps found the offences proved. Mr Brownlie then lodged an appeal with the Court of Appeal, alleging that the Land and Environment Court had no jurisdiction to hear the charges as its authority ended at the border.

Yesterday, in a submission on penalty, Mr Brownlie’s barrister, Mr Angus Talbot, asked the judge to deal with him under Section 556A of the Crimes Act, the first offender’s provision, without recording a conviction.

Mr Talbot said the Queensland Clean Waters Act allowed the discharge of stormwater from agricultural land into Queensland rivers, so the polluted run-off into the Barwon did not contravene Queensland law and Queensland authorities did nothing about it.

It entered their river, too; arguably it killed their fish – indeed, all the fish may have been Queensland fish, he said.

Ms Helen Murrell, for the commission, said Mr Brownlie’s actions resulted in the deaths of many thousands of fish for several kilometres of the river, extending through the town water supply.

Justice Cripps convicted Mr Brownlie and fined him $12,000 on one charge and $1 on the other, and ordered him to pay, subject to assessment, the commission’s costs of about $30,000. Mr Brownlie intends to appeal against his conviction.

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1990/8/28/nsw-law-crosses-the-border/

1992 January: Pesticide Sales Halted + Poisoning. Pesticide: Parathion

Pesticide Sales Halted Until Safety Inquiry's Findings

The Age Friday January 31, 1992

A working party set up to inquire into the insecticide parathion will report to the Government in six weeks.

The inquiry, announced yesterday by the Minister for Food and Agriculture, Mr Baker, follows complaints from the Australian Workers Union that uncontrolled use of the chemical in Victoria's fruit-growing areas was endangering the health of fruit-pickers.

Distributors of ethyl parathion have been asked to stop further sales pending the results of the investigation. A code of practice for the use of ethyl parathion will be introduced within days.

The union drew attention to two poisoning cases last month in the Goulburn Valley in which a grower and his wife were treated in hospital. They had been diluting parathion concentrate to spray fruit, but had not worn protective gloves.

Poisoning can lead to impaired mental function and may affect physical coordination. In the United States, there have been 52 recorded deaths from parathion poisoning over 25 years. In Brisbane recently, a handyman working at a nursery died after accidentally drinking a form of parathion in a Coca-Cola bottle.

The Victorian working party will make recommendations on the future use of all forms of parathion. It will also look at alternatives to its use, including non-chemical or organic pest control.

Mr Baker said he had decided to move quickly to protect Victoria's reputation for chemical-free food products. ``There is no doubt that our effort to significantly reduce chemical residues ... has provided new market opportunities and the chance for premium pricing in overseas markets, particularly Asia," he said. ``If there is any suggestion of either a health risk or a danger ... then it's important to put it away quickly." According to the Food and Agriculture Department, test results available since 1987 have only shown safe residue levels in fruit.

The working party, to be headed by a toxicologist, will include a representative of fruitgrowers, a representative of the Department of Food and Agriculture, and two representatives of the Victorian Trades Hall Council. It will plan an intensive education program for Goulburn Valley growers for this season and will review, in consultation with the departments of Health and Labor, the reporting procedure of accidents involving agricultural chemicals.

Mr Baker said the parathion issue was vexatious, but there were no simple solutions. He was hopeful that the working party would produce ``some balanced answers".

He said parathion was used in fruit-growing areas throughout Australia. It was also used on some citrus crops and in the growing of cotton, but not on a routine basis. It is used to kill codling moth and the oriental fruit moth. In the United States, ethyl parathion is used on alfalfa, barley, canola, corn, cotton, sorghum, soya bean, sunflowers and wheat. It is not used on Victorian grain crops.

Mr Baker said that without effective pest control, 75 per cent of the Goulburn Valley fruit crop could be destroyed by codling moth.

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1992/1/31/pesticide-sales-halted-until-safety-inquirys-findings/

Pesticide Sales Halted Until Safety Inquiry’s Findings

The Age Friday January 31, 1992

A working party set up to inquire into the insecticide parathion will report to the Government in six weeks.

The inquiry, announced yesterday by the Minister for Food and Agriculture, Mr Baker, follows complaints from the Australian Workers Union that uncontrolled use of the chemical in Victoria’s fruit-growing areas was endangering the health of fruit-pickers.

Distributors of ethyl parathion have been asked to stop further sales pending the results of the investigation. A code of practice for the use of ethyl parathion will be introduced within days.

The union drew attention to two poisoning cases last month in the Goulburn Valley in which a grower and his wife were treated in hospital. They had been diluting parathion concentrate to spray fruit, but had not worn protective gloves.

Poisoning can lead to impaired mental function and may affect physical coordination. In the United States, there have been 52 recorded deaths from parathion poisoning over 25 years. In Brisbane recently, a handyman working at a nursery died after accidentally drinking a form of parathion in a Coca-Cola bottle.

The Victorian working party will make recommendations on the future use of all forms of parathion. It will also look at alternatives to its use, including non-chemical or organic pest control.

Mr Baker said he had decided to move quickly to protect Victoria’s reputation for chemical-free food products. “There is no doubt that our effort to significantly reduce chemical residues … has provided new market opportunities and the chance for premium pricing in overseas markets, particularly Asia,” he said. “If there is any suggestion of either a health risk or a danger … then it’s important to put it away quickly.” According to the Food and Agriculture Department, test results available since 1987 have only shown safe residue levels in fruit.

The working party, to be headed by a toxicologist, will include a representative of fruitgrowers, a representative of the Department of Food and Agriculture, and two representatives of the Victorian Trades Hall Council. It will plan an intensive education program for Goulburn Valley growers for this season and will review, in consultation with the departments of Health and Labor, the reporting procedure of accidents involving agricultural chemicals.

Mr Baker said the parathion issue was vexatious, but there were no simple solutions. He was hopeful that the working party would produce “some balanced answers”.

He said parathion was used in fruit-growing areas throughout Australia. It was also used on some citrus crops and in the growing of cotton, but not on a routine basis. It is used to kill codling moth and the oriental fruit moth. In the United States, ethyl parathion is used on alfalfa, barley, canola, corn, cotton, sorghum, soya bean, sunflowers and wheat. It is not used on Victorian grain crops.

Mr Baker said that without effective pest control, 75 per cent of the Goulburn Valley fruit crop could be destroyed by codling moth.

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1992/1/31/pesticide-sales-halted-until-safety-inquirys-findings/

1990 April: Shepparton man awarded $510,000. Pesticide Exposure: Paraquat/Melprex

Insecticide Victim Awarded $510,000

The Age Friday February 21, 1992

The first known court case involving parathion poisoning has come to light as the State Government's inquiry into the controversial insecticide gets under way.

In what is believed to be one of the biggest personal payouts in a worker's compensation case in Victoria, a 26-year-old Shepparton man, Mr Glen Darlow, was awarded $510,000 in damages and $50,000 in interest.

The case was heard in the Victorian Supreme Court in Shepparton in April 1990, but has only recently come to public attention.

It was successfully argued in court that parathion spraying was a cause of Mr Darlow's illness. He has Goodpasture's syndrome (renal failure) and is on the waiting list for a kidney transplant. An earlier transplant about 18 months ago was unsuccessful and in October last year Mr Darlow's left leg was amputated because of a blood clot. He has to replace bags for peritoneal dialysis, which drain away wastes in a tube through the outside of his stomach instead of the bowel, four times a day.

Mr Darlow was accidentally sprayed with diluted parathion mixed with a fungicide, melprex, when he was working at a Shepparton orchard in 1983. He was 17 at the time. Mr Darlow and six other workers were learning to prune fruit trees in an orchard owned by Orrvalle Holdings Pty Ltd as part of a Commonwealth Employment Scheme job training program when the accident occurred.

The other workers may also have been sprayed or absorbed the chemical afterwards through contact with recently sprayed trees. Their whereabouts are not known.

Mr Darlow called yesterday for orchard workers to be given training in the safe use of toxic chemicals. He said he and his fellow workers had not been given any warning or advice about potentially dangerous chemicals on the farm.

The State Government, at the urging of the Australian Workers Union after a recent poisoning case in the Goulburn Valley, last month set up a working party to inquire into parathion. A code of practice for the safe use of the chemical by growers and orchard workers is being developed.

Mr Darlow's lawyer, Mr Ian Ritchie, said yesterday that he was not aware of any other chemical case in Victoria of this nature, although there may have been out-of-court settlements.

He said he was not critical of chemical sprays. The whole issue was about safe practices.

Mr Darlow, who is unable to work, said he first became ill about a week after the spraying incident. He began to vomit, was unable to eat and had constant headaches. These days, his health fluctuates from one day to the next and sleep is restless. As well as kidney disease, he has high blood pressure and low calcium levels.``Some days are good, and the next day I have no energy," he said yesterday. ``I just take one day at a time.

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1992/2/21/insecticide-victim-awarded-510000/

Insecticide Victim Awarded $510,000

The Age Friday February 21, 1992

The first known court case involving parathion poisoning has come to light as the State Government’s inquiry into the controversial insecticide gets under way.

In what is believed to be one of the biggest personal payouts in a worker’s compensation case in Victoria, a 26-year-old Shepparton man, Mr Glen Darlow, was awarded $510,000 in damages and $50,000 in interest.

The case was heard in the Victorian Supreme Court in Shepparton in April 1990, but has only recently come to public attention.

It was successfully argued in court that parathion spraying was a cause of Mr Darlow’s illness. He has Goodpasture’s syndrome (renal failure) and is on the waiting list for a kidney transplant. An earlier transplant about 18 months ago was unsuccessful and in October last year Mr Darlow’s left leg was amputated because of a blood clot. He has to replace bags for peritoneal dialysis, which drain away wastes in a tube through the outside of his stomach instead of the bowel, four times a day.

Mr Darlow was accidentally sprayed with diluted parathion mixed with a fungicide, melprex, when he was working at a Shepparton orchard in 1983. He was 17 at the time. Mr Darlow and six other workers were learning to prune fruit trees in an orchard owned by Orrvalle Holdings Pty Ltd as part of a Commonwealth Employment Scheme job training program when the accident occurred.

The other workers may also have been sprayed or absorbed the chemical afterwards through contact with recently sprayed trees. Their whereabouts are not known.

Mr Darlow called yesterday for orchard workers to be given training in the safe use of toxic chemicals. He said he and his fellow workers had not been given any warning or advice about potentially dangerous chemicals on the farm.

The State Government, at the urging of the Australian Workers Union after a recent poisoning case in the Goulburn Valley, last month set up a working party to inquire into parathion. A code of practice for the safe use of the chemical by growers and orchard workers is being developed.

Mr Darlow’s lawyer, Mr Ian Ritchie, said yesterday that he was not aware of any other chemical case in Victoria of this nature, although there may have been out-of-court settlements.

He said he was not critical of chemical sprays. The whole issue was about safe practices.

Mr Darlow, who is unable to work, said he first became ill about a week after the spraying incident. He began to vomit, was unable to eat and had constant headaches. These days, his health fluctuates from one day to the next and sleep is restless. As well as kidney disease, he has high blood pressure and low calcium levels.“Some days are good, and the next day I have no energy,” he said yesterday. “I just take one day at a time.

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1992/2/21/insecticide-victim-awarded-510000/

1968 – 1986: Emerald Region (Qld) Workers Exposed to Carcinogenic Insecticide: Chlordimeform

Cancer Fear Sparks Survey By Ciba Chemical Company

The Age Friday April 2, 1993

The chemical giant Ciba Australia has launched an intensive monitoring program of 121 present and former employees who may have been exposed to a potentially carcinogenic insecticide.

Private investigators have been hired to find the workers to take part in a $500,000 testing program. The workers may have been exposed to the chemical chlordimeform (CDF), which is being investigated for links to bladder cancer.

The New South Wales WorkCover department is conducting a separate monitoring program of about 90 people involved in field applications of CDF. It is believed up to 400 people, including pilots, itinerant workers and farmers, could have been exposed to aerial spraying of CDF.

CDF was used extensively in aerial spraying in the 1970s and 1980s in the Moree region in northern NSW and the Emerald district in south- west Queensland. CDF was used to control insects in cotton crops, orchards and cattle dips.

A raw material in CDF _ 4-Cot _ has been shown to be carcinogenic in tests on workers in Germany. Other tests show that the human body breaks down some CDF into 4-Cot.

Ciba and the other distributor of CDF in Australia, Schering Pty Ltd, conducted preliminary urine testing of about 90 workers in 1990. Two former Ciba employees were found to have already developed bladder cancer and had been treated.

According to US statistics, the rate of bladder cancer in the general population is one in 3200. The average latency period is about 20 years but it can be as long as 40 years.

CDF was imported to Australia and mixed to form products for marketing between 1968 and 1976, when it was initially withdrawn from the market after a study found that mice, fed high doses of the chemical, developed blood-vessel tumors.

It was reintroduced in 1978 with stricter permit conditions and warnings on its use. In 1986, Australia became the first country to withdraw CDF after a study of workers at a Hoechst plant in West Germany found a higher than usual incidence of bladder cancer among workers exposed to CDF.

A 1992 study by Schering found that seven out of 49 workers in the company's Wolfenbuttel plant in Germany had developed bladder cancer.

The workers were involved in the synthesis of CDF and had direct exposure to 4-Cot.

Ciba has commissioned the Royal South Sydney Occupational Health and Safety Service and a US firm, Fox Chase, to conduct its tests.

Ciba is also testing in Switzerland and Britain.

The program will initially run for two years but Ciba is prepared to allow it to run indefinitely if needed because of the lengthy latency period.

Ciba has undertaken to pay any medical costs to former employees who have developed bladder cancer. Any compensation claims would be assessed individually. Because bladder cancer is also linked to smoking, alcohol and some medicines, CDF's contribution could be inconclusive.

The managing director of Ciba, Mr Hermann Mani, said: ``The screening program is being conducted because the possibility that formulation workers exposed to CDF alone may face an increased risk of bladder cancer warrants further investigation.

``It is important to understand that workers in Australia, unlike those at plants in Europe, did not handle 4-Cot as no CDF was manufactured here." Mr Mani said the program was aimed at the ``earliest possible detection of bladder cancer and employs the latest medical monitoring techniques".

Mr Mani said there were about 15 former employees scattered throughout Australia whom Ciba could not locate. He urged any former employee to contact Ciba.

Any current or former employee from Ciba can call 008025 931 from 8am today for advice.

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1993/4/2/cancer-fear-sparks-survey-by-ciba-chemical-company/

Cancer Fear Sparks Survey By Ciba Chemical Company

The Age Friday April 2, 1993

The chemical giant Ciba Australia has launched an intensive monitoring program of 121 present and former employees who may have been exposed to a potentially carcinogenic insecticide.

Private investigators have been hired to find the workers to take part in a $500,000 testing program. The workers may have been exposed to the chemical chlordimeform (CDF), which is being investigated for links to bladder cancer.

The New South Wales WorkCover department is conducting a separate monitoring program of about 90 people involved in field applications of CDF. It is believed up to 400 people, including pilots, itinerant workers and farmers, could have been exposed to aerial spraying of CDF.

CDF was used extensively in aerial spraying in the 1970s and 1980s in the Moree region in northern NSW and the Emerald district in south- west Queensland. CDF was used to control insects in cotton crops, orchards and cattle dips.

A raw material in CDF _ 4-Cot _ has been shown to be carcinogenic in tests on workers in Germany. Other tests show that the human body breaks down some CDF into 4-Cot.

Ciba and the other distributor of CDF in Australia, Schering Pty Ltd, conducted preliminary urine testing of about 90 workers in 1990. Two former Ciba employees were found to have already developed bladder cancer and had been treated.

According to US statistics, the rate of bladder cancer in the general population is one in 3200. The average latency period is about 20 years but it can be as long as 40 years.

CDF was imported to Australia and mixed to form products for marketing between 1968 and 1976, when it was initially withdrawn from the market after a study found that mice, fed high doses of the chemical, developed blood-vessel tumors.

It was reintroduced in 1978 with stricter permit conditions and warnings on its use. In 1986, Australia became the first country to withdraw CDF after a study of workers at a Hoechst plant in West Germany found a higher than usual incidence of bladder cancer among workers exposed to CDF.

A 1992 study by Schering found that seven out of 49 workers in the company’s Wolfenbuttel plant in Germany had developed bladder cancer.

The workers were involved in the synthesis of CDF and had direct exposure to 4-Cot.

Ciba has commissioned the Royal South Sydney Occupational Health and Safety Service and a US firm, Fox Chase, to conduct its tests.

Ciba is also testing in Switzerland and Britain.

The program will initially run for two years but Ciba is prepared to allow it to run indefinitely if needed because of the lengthy latency period.

Ciba has undertaken to pay any medical costs to former employees who have developed bladder cancer. Any compensation claims would be assessed individually. Because bladder cancer is also linked to smoking, alcohol and some medicines, CDF’s contribution could be inconclusive.

The managing director of Ciba, Mr Hermann Mani, said: “The screening program is being conducted because the possibility that formulation workers exposed to CDF alone may face an increased risk of bladder cancer warrants further investigation.

“It is important to understand that workers in Australia, unlike those at plants in Europe, did not handle 4-Cot as no CDF was manufactured here.” Mr Mani said the program was aimed at the “earliest possible detection of bladder cancer and employs the latest medical monitoring techniques”.

Mr Mani said there were about 15 former employees scattered throughout Australia whom Ciba could not locate. He urged any former employee to contact Ciba.

Any current or former employee from Ciba can call 008025 931 from 8am today for advice.

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1993/4/2/cancer-fear-sparks-survey-by-ciba-chemical-company/

1968 -1986: Moree (NSW) Workers Exposed to Carcinogenic Pesticide: Chlordimeform

Cancer Fear Sparks Survey By Ciba Chemical Company

The Age Friday April 2, 1993

The chemical giant Ciba Australia has launched an intensive monitoring program of 121 present and former employees who may have been exposed to a potentially carcinogenic insecticide.

Private investigators have been hired to find the workers to take part in a $500,000 testing program. The workers may have been exposed to the chemical chlordimeform (CDF), which is being investigated for links to bladder cancer.

The New South Wales WorkCover department is conducting a separate monitoring program of about 90 people involved in field applications of CDF. It is believed up to 400 people, including pilots, itinerant workers and farmers, could have been exposed to aerial spraying of CDF.

CDF was used extensively in aerial spraying in the 1970s and 1980s in the Moree region in northern NSW and the Emerald district in south- west Queensland. CDF was used to control insects in cotton crops, orchards and cattle dips.

A raw material in CDF _ 4-Cot _ has been shown to be carcinogenic in tests on workers in Germany. Other tests show that the human body breaks down some CDF into 4-Cot.

Ciba and the other distributor of CDF in Australia, Schering Pty Ltd, conducted preliminary urine testing of about 90 workers in 1990. Two former Ciba employees were found to have already developed bladder cancer and had been treated.

According to US statistics, the rate of bladder cancer in the general population is one in 3200. The average latency period is about 20 years but it can be as long as 40 years.

CDF was imported to Australia and mixed to form products for marketing between 1968 and 1976, when it was initially withdrawn from the market after a study found that mice, fed high doses of the chemical, developed blood-vessel tumors.

It was reintroduced in 1978 with stricter permit conditions and warnings on its use. In 1986, Australia became the first country to withdraw CDF after a study of workers at a Hoechst plant in West Germany found a higher than usual incidence of bladder cancer among workers exposed to CDF.

A 1992 study by Schering found that seven out of 49 workers in the company's Wolfenbuttel plant in Germany had developed bladder cancer.

The workers were involved in the synthesis of CDF and had direct exposure to 4-Cot.

Ciba has commissioned the Royal South Sydney Occupational Health and Safety Service and a US firm, Fox Chase, to conduct its tests.

Ciba is also testing in Switzerland and Britain.

The program will initially run for two years but Ciba is prepared to allow it to run indefinitely if needed because of the lengthy latency period.

Ciba has undertaken to pay any medical costs to former employees who have developed bladder cancer. Any compensation claims would be assessed individually. Because bladder cancer is also linked to smoking, alcohol and some medicines, CDF's contribution could be inconclusive.

The managing director of Ciba, Mr Hermann Mani, said: ``The screening program is being conducted because the possibility that formulation workers exposed to CDF alone may face an increased risk of bladder cancer warrants further investigation.

``It is important to understand that workers in Australia, unlike those at plants in Europe, did not handle 4-Cot as no CDF was manufactured here." Mr Mani said the program was aimed at the ``earliest possible detection of bladder cancer and employs the latest medical monitoring techniques".

Mr Mani said there were about 15 former employees scattered throughout Australia whom Ciba could not locate. He urged any former employee to contact Ciba.

Any current or former employee from Ciba can call 008025 931 from 8am today for advice.

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1993/4/2/cancer-fear-sparks-survey-by-ciba-chemical-company/

Cancer Fear Sparks Survey By Ciba Chemical Company

The Age Friday April 2, 1993

The chemical giant Ciba Australia has launched an intensive monitoring program of 121 present and former employees who may have been exposed to a potentially carcinogenic insecticide.

Private investigators have been hired to find the workers to take part in a $500,000 testing program. The workers may have been exposed to the chemical chlordimeform (CDF), which is being investigated for links to bladder cancer.

The New South Wales WorkCover department is conducting a separate monitoring program of about 90 people involved in field applications of CDF. It is believed up to 400 people, including pilots, itinerant workers and farmers, could have been exposed to aerial spraying of CDF.

CDF was used extensively in aerial spraying in the 1970s and 1980s in the Moree region in northern NSW and the Emerald district in south- west Queensland. CDF was used to control insects in cotton crops, orchards and cattle dips.

A raw material in CDF _ 4-Cot _ has been shown to be carcinogenic in tests on workers in Germany. Other tests show that the human body breaks down some CDF into 4-Cot.

Ciba and the other distributor of CDF in Australia, Schering Pty Ltd, conducted preliminary urine testing of about 90 workers in 1990. Two former Ciba employees were found to have already developed bladder cancer and had been treated.

According to US statistics, the rate of bladder cancer in the general population is one in 3200. The average latency period is about 20 years but it can be as long as 40 years.

CDF was imported to Australia and mixed to form products for marketing between 1968 and 1976, when it was initially withdrawn from the market after a study found that mice, fed high doses of the chemical, developed blood-vessel tumors.

It was reintroduced in 1978 with stricter permit conditions and warnings on its use. In 1986, Australia became the first country to withdraw CDF after a study of workers at a Hoechst plant in West Germany found a higher than usual incidence of bladder cancer among workers exposed to CDF.

A 1992 study by Schering found that seven out of 49 workers in the company’s Wolfenbuttel plant in Germany had developed bladder cancer.

The workers were involved in the synthesis of CDF and had direct exposure to 4-Cot.

Ciba has commissioned the Royal South Sydney Occupational Health and Safety Service and a US firm, Fox Chase, to conduct its tests.

Ciba is also testing in Switzerland and Britain.

The program will initially run for two years but Ciba is prepared to allow it to run indefinitely if needed because of the lengthy latency period.

Ciba has undertaken to pay any medical costs to former employees who have developed bladder cancer. Any compensation claims would be assessed individually. Because bladder cancer is also linked to smoking, alcohol and some medicines, CDF’s contribution could be inconclusive.

The managing director of Ciba, Mr Hermann Mani, said: “The screening program is being conducted because the possibility that formulation workers exposed to CDF alone may face an increased risk of bladder cancer warrants further investigation.

“It is important to understand that workers in Australia, unlike those at plants in Europe, did not handle 4-Cot as no CDF was manufactured here.” Mr Mani said the program was aimed at the “earliest possible detection of bladder cancer and employs the latest medical monitoring techniques”.

Mr Mani said there were about 15 former employees scattered throughout Australia whom Ciba could not locate. He urged any former employee to contact Ciba.

Any current or former employee from Ciba can call 008025 931 from 8am today for advice.

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1993/4/2/cancer-fear-sparks-survey-by-ciba-chemical-company/

1998 April: Chemical Spill Branxton NSW. Pesticide: (Azodrin) Monocrotophos

Chemical Spill Forces Branxton Home Evacuations

Newcastle Herald Wednesday April 1, 1998

SEVERAL Branxton houses were evacuated last night when a truck carrying pails of chemical insecticide overturned south of the town.

The accident happened on Main Rd at 7.30pm and the road was closed for several hours.

People evacuated were staying with neighbours.

The driver of the truck suffered minor injuries and was treated at the scene.

Seven firefighting units, two ambulance crews and police attended, and ambulance crews were to remain on standby throughout the night.

The truck was carrying 60 20-litre pails of the organophosphate insecticide azodrin.

Representatives from the manufacturers, Cyanomide, were travelling to the scene late last night.

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1998/4/1/chemical-spill-forces-branxton-home-evacuations/

Chemical Spill Forces Branxton Home Evacuations

Newcastle Herald Wednesday April 1, 1998

SEVERAL Branxton houses were evacuated last night when a truck carrying pails of chemical insecticide overturned south of the town.

The accident happened on Main Rd at 7.30pm and the road was closed for several hours.

People evacuated were staying with neighbours.

The driver of the truck suffered minor injuries and was treated at the scene.

Seven firefighting units, two ambulance crews and police attended, and ambulance crews were to remain on standby throughout the night.

The truck was carrying 60 20-litre pails of the organophosphate insecticide azodrin.

Representatives from the manufacturers, Cyanomide, were travelling to the scene late last night.

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1998/4/1/chemical-spill-forces-branxton-home-evacuations/

1998 October: Singleton Big W insecticide spill.

Poison Scare Victims Home

Newcastle Herald Saturday October 24, 1998

FOUR female employees of Big W at Singleton were released from hospital yesterday after a chemical spill at the store on Thursday night.

Fifteen people were taken to Singleton Hospital after a bottle of insecticide was dropped on the floor.

A hospital spokesman said the people were complaining of sore eyes and nausea.

After an inspection, 11 people went home but the four women, aged 17, 19, 20 and 37, remained overnight for observation.

The spokesman said it appeared the poison had been absorbed through the skin.

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1998/10/24/poison-scare-victims-home/

Poison Scare Victims Home

Newcastle Herald Saturday October 24, 1998

FOUR female employees of Big W at Singleton were released from hospital yesterday after a chemical spill at the store on Thursday night.

Fifteen people were taken to Singleton Hospital after a bottle of insecticide was dropped on the floor.

A hospital spokesman said the people were complaining of sore eyes and nausea.

After an inspection, 11 people went home but the four women, aged 17, 19, 20 and 37, remained overnight for observation.

The spokesman said it appeared the poison had been absorbed through the skin.

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1998/10/24/poison-scare-victims-home/

1998: Dalby (Qld). 50 cases of pesticide poisoning? Cotton crops. Pesticide: Endosulfan

Farmers Paid After Chemical Spraying

Sydney Morning Herald Saturday December 26, 1998

The cotton industry has announced a compensation scheme for beef farmers in northern NSW and Queensland whose cattle have been found to contain high traces of the insecticide endosulfan.

Cotton Australia's chief executive, Mr Gary Punch, said the package was estimated to end up around the "quarter of a million dollar mark".

After paying the compensation, he said, the industry would try to seek out who was responsible for incorrect spraying practices which had led to the contamination and to recoup the money from them. "There's a lot of anger in the cotton industry," Mr Punch said.

"Very small cotton farmers have brought all this down on everybody else."

A joint cotton/cattle claims panel will be set up to determine compensation for farmers whose cattle had been found to be contaminated.

The deal would cover market prices for cattle which could not be sold because of the contamination and transport costs to and from the abattoir for a consignment which was rejected.

Compensation would also be given for live cattle (about 60 so far) which have tested positive to between half and full the maximum residue level (0.2 milligrams per kilo), at the rate of 12c a kilo.

Mr Punch said about 30 cattle had so far been rejected after testing to higher than full levels of the chemical.

The announcement from the cotton industry came as it emerged that levels of the insecticide endosulfan have been found in drinking water in cotton-growing areas of southern Queensland at almost 20 times the recommended safety limit.

Tests by the Condamine-Balonne Water Committee, a government body, found an endosulfan level of 0.9 ug/L (micrograms per litre) in the Loudoun Weir last January, at the peak of the cotton-spraying season.

The National Health and Medical Research Council's "guideline value" for the chemical's level in drinking water is 0.05 ug/L.

The weir supplies water to the Darling Downs town of Dalby.

The cotton industry has previously insisted there is "no established link for a causal relationship between agricultural chemicals and health effects".

A recent review of the chemical by the Federal Government's National Registration Authority for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals said endosulfan concentrations "routinely exceed" criteria recommended to protect aquatic ecosystems.

The review said the chemical had a "high, acute or immediate toxicity to humans".

The Dalby-based Eco-Watch group says it has documented more than 50 cases this year of pesticide poisoning it attributes to cotton spraying.

Reported symptoms include severe headaches, asthma, muscle pain and fatigue. Ms Tracey McGeorge, a station manager, said she was admitted to hospital in Chinchilla recently after being exposed to spray drift. "I was convulsing and I was unable to speak," Ms McGeorge said.

Mr Bill Zeller, a retired wheat farmer, is trying to sell his Darling Downs property and leave the area. Mr Zeller said he had medical advice that symptoms he regularly suffered - including lethargy, sleeplessness and body aches - arose from exposure to spray which drifted onto his property from nearby cotton farms.

Mr Adrian York, another grain farmer, said: "Women have to wear gas masks when they put the washing out."

But he added: "I don't think these chemicals should be banned. It's a question of using them properly."

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1998/12/26/farmers-paid-after-chemical-spraying/

Farmers Paid After Chemical Spraying

Sydney Morning Herald Saturday December 26, 1998

The cotton industry has announced a compensation scheme for beef farmers in northern NSW and Queensland whose cattle have been found to contain high traces of the insecticide endosulfan.

Cotton Australia’s chief executive, Mr Gary Punch, said the package was estimated to end up around the “quarter of a million dollar mark”.

After paying the compensation, he said, the industry would try to seek out who was responsible for incorrect spraying practices which had led to the contamination and to recoup the money from them. “There’s a lot of anger in the cotton industry,” Mr Punch said.

“Very small cotton farmers have brought all this down on everybody else.”

A joint cotton/cattle claims panel will be set up to determine compensation for farmers whose cattle had been found to be contaminated.

The deal would cover market prices for cattle which could not be sold because of the contamination and transport costs to and from the abattoir for a consignment which was rejected.

Compensation would also be given for live cattle (about 60 so far) which have tested positive to between half and full the maximum residue level (0.2 milligrams per kilo), at the rate of 12c a kilo.

Mr Punch said about 30 cattle had so far been rejected after testing to higher than full levels of the chemical.

The announcement from the cotton industry came as it emerged that levels of the insecticide endosulfan have been found in drinking water in cotton-growing areas of southern Queensland at almost 20 times the recommended safety limit.

Tests by the Condamine-Balonne Water Committee, a government body, found an endosulfan level of 0.9 ug/L (micrograms per litre) in the Loudoun Weir last January, at the peak of the cotton-spraying season.

The National Health and Medical Research Council’s “guideline value” for the chemical’s level in drinking water is 0.05 ug/L.

The weir supplies water to the Darling Downs town of Dalby.

The cotton industry has previously insisted there is “no established link for a causal relationship between agricultural chemicals and health effects”.

A recent review of the chemical by the Federal Government’s National Registration Authority for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals said endosulfan concentrations “routinely exceed” criteria recommended to protect aquatic ecosystems.

The review said the chemical had a “high, acute or immediate toxicity to humans”.

The Dalby-based Eco-Watch group says it has documented more than 50 cases this year of pesticide poisoning it attributes to cotton spraying.

Reported symptoms include severe headaches, asthma, muscle pain and fatigue. Ms Tracey McGeorge, a station manager, said she was admitted to hospital in Chinchilla recently after being exposed to spray drift. “I was convulsing and I was unable to speak,” Ms McGeorge said.

Mr Bill Zeller, a retired wheat farmer, is trying to sell his Darling Downs property and leave the area. Mr Zeller said he had medical advice that symptoms he regularly suffered – including lethargy, sleeplessness and body aches – arose from exposure to spray which drifted onto his property from nearby cotton farms.

Mr Adrian York, another grain farmer, said: “Women have to wear gas masks when they put the washing out.”

But he added: “I don’t think these chemicals should be banned. It’s a question of using them properly.”

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1998/12/26/farmers-paid-after-chemical-spraying/

1998 + 2012/19: Loudon Weir (Qld). High levels of Endosulfan (20 times safe limit). Pesticides: Endosulfan, Bromacil, DEET, Diuron, Hexazinone, Imidacloprid, Metolachlor, Prometryn, Atrazine, Atrazine, 2-Hydroxy, Desethyl Atrazine, Desisopropyl Atrazine, Fluroxypur, Isoxaflutole Metabolite (DKN), Metolachlor, Metolachlor-OXA, N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide, Simazine, Tris (Chloropropyl) Phosphate Isomers, Tebuthiuron

Farmers Paid After Chemical Spraying

Sydney Morning Herald Saturday December 26, 1998

The cotton industry has announced a compensation scheme for beef farmers in northern NSW and Queensland whose cattle have been found to contain high traces of the insecticide endosulfan.

Cotton Australia's chief executive, Mr Gary Punch, said the package was estimated to end up around the "quarter of a million dollar mark".

After paying the compensation, he said, the industry would try to seek out who was responsible for incorrect spraying practices which had led to the contamination and to recoup the money from them. "There's a lot of anger in the cotton industry," Mr Punch said.

"Very small cotton farmers have brought all this down on everybody else."

A joint cotton/cattle claims panel will be set up to determine compensation for farmers whose cattle had been found to be contaminated.

The deal would cover market prices for cattle which could not be sold because of the contamination and transport costs to and from the abattoir for a consignment which was rejected.

Compensation would also be given for live cattle (about 60 so far) which have tested positive to between half and full the maximum residue level (0.2 milligrams per kilo), at the rate of 12c a kilo.

Mr Punch said about 30 cattle had so far been rejected after testing to higher than full levels of the chemical.

The announcement from the cotton industry came as it emerged that levels of the insecticide endosulfan have been found in drinking water in cotton-growing areas of southern Queensland at almost 20 times the recommended safety limit.

Tests by the Condamine-Balonne Water Committee, a government body, found an endosulfan level of 0.9 ug/L (micrograms per litre) in the Loudoun Weir last January, at the peak of the cotton-spraying season.

The National Health and Medical Research Council's "guideline value" for the chemical's level in drinking water is 0.05 ug/L.

The weir supplies water to the Darling Downs town of Dalby.

The cotton industry has previously insisted there is "no established link for a causal relationship between agricultural chemicals and health effects".

A recent review of the chemical by the Federal Government's National Registration Authority for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals said endosulfan concentrations "routinely exceed" criteria recommended to protect aquatic ecosystems.

The review said the chemical had a "high, acute or immediate toxicity to humans".

The Dalby-based Eco-Watch group says it has documented more than 50 cases this year of pesticide poisoning it attributes to cotton spraying.

Reported symptoms include severe headaches, asthma, muscle pain and fatigue. Ms Tracey McGeorge, a station manager, said she was admitted to hospital in Chinchilla recently after being exposed to spray drift. "I was convulsing and I was unable to speak," Ms McGeorge said.

Mr Bill Zeller, a retired wheat farmer, is trying to sell his Darling Downs property and leave the area. Mr Zeller said he had medical advice that symptoms he regularly suffered - including lethargy, sleeplessness and body aches - arose from exposure to spray which drifted onto his property from nearby cotton farms.

Mr Adrian York, another grain farmer, said: "Women have to wear gas masks when they put the washing out."

But he added: "I don't think these chemicals should be banned. It's a question of using them properly."

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1998/12/26/farmers-paid-after-chemical-spraying/

Dalby Loudon Weir

18/1/12: Atrazine 0.59ug/L, Bromacil 0.03ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.51ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.2ug/L, Diuron 0.03ug/L, Hexazinone 0.02ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.05ug/L Metolachlor 2.6ug/L, Prometryn 0.04ug/L, Simazine 0.03ug/L, Tebuthiuron 0.01ug/L. [Total: 4.11ug/L  11 pesticides]

30/5/12: Nothing

17/7/12: Metolachlor 0.02ug/L, Simazine 0.24ug/L [Total 0.26ug/L 2 pesticides]

25/9/12: Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Hexazinone 0.07ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.04ug/L, Simazine 0.08ug/L [Total 0.21ug/L 4 pesticides]

15/10/12: Atrazine 0.03ug/L, Hexazinone 0.07ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.03ug/L, Simazine 0.07ug/L [Total 0.2ug/L 4 pesticides]

10/12/12: Atrazine 0.09ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Hexazinone 0.07ug/L, Metolachlor 0.03ug/L, Simazine 0.05ug/L [Total 0.26ug/L 5 pesticides]

16/1/13: Atrazine 0.58ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.11ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.05ug/L, Hexazinone 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 0.27ug/L, Simazine 0.05ug/L [Total 1.1ug/L 6 pesticides]

17/4/13: Atrazine 0.03ug/L, Hexazinone 0.03ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.03ug/L [Total 0.09ug/L 3 pesticides]

16/7/13: Hexazinone 0.03ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.03ug/L, Metolachlor 0.03ug/L, Simazine 0.05ug/L [0.14ug/L 4 pesticides]

8/10/13: Atrazine 0.04ug/L, Hexazinone 0.02ug/L, Metolachlor 0.02ug/L, Simazine 0.04ug/L [Total 0.12ug/L 4 pesticides]

14/1/14: Atrazine 0.12ug/L, Hexazinone 0.06ug/L, Metolachlor 0.04ug/L, Simazine 0.04ug/L [Total 0.26ug/L 4 pesticides]

7/4/14: Atrazine 0.29ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.09ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.05ug/L, Diuron 0.06ug/L, Metolachlor 0.96ug/L, DEET 0.4ug/L [Total 1.85ug/L 6 pesticides]

15/7/14: Atrazine 0.21ug/L, Bromacil 0.08ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.07ug/L, Diuron 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 0.47ug/L [Total 0.87ug/L 5 pesticides]

13/10/14: Atrazine 0.15ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.05ug/L, Hexazinone 0.02ug/L, Metalochlor 0.35ug/L [Total 0.57ug/L 4 pesticides]

13/1/15: Atrazine 0.5ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.34ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.13ug/L, Diuron 0.13ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.02ug/L, Metolachlor 8ug/L [Total 9.12ug/L 6 pesticides]

7/4/15: Atrazine 0.71ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.21ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.07ug/L, Diuron 0.17ug/L, Metolachlor 0.92ug/L [Total 2.08ug/L 5 pesticides]

8/7/15: Atrazine 0.06ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.03ug/L, Metolachlor 0.2ug/L [Total 0.29ug/L 3 pesticides]

7/10/15: Atrazine 0.09ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 0.19ug/L, Tris (Chloropropyl) Phosphate Isomers 0.3ug/L [Total 0.62ug/L 4 pesticides]

12/1/16: Atrazine 0.99ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.42ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.14ug/L, Diuron 0.04ug/L, Hexazinone 0.06ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 1.7ug/L [Total 3.39ug/L 7 pesticides]

11/5/16: Atrazine 0.84ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.39ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.11ug/L, Hexazinone 0.03ug/L, Metolachlor 0.8ug/L, DEET 0.2ug/L, Tris (Chloropropyl) Phosphate Isomers 0.2ug/L, N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide 0.4ug/L [Total 2.25ug/L 8 pesticides]

5/7/16: Atrazine 1ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.46ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.12ug/L, Hexazinone 0.03ug/L, Metolachlor 0.65ug/L, N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide 0.2ug/L [Total 2.46ug/L 6 pesticides]

16/11/16: Atrazine 0.36ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.06ug/L, Diuron 0.05ug/L, Metolachlor 1.3ug/L [Total 1.77ug/L 4 pesticides]

11/1/17: Atrazine 0.43ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.09ug/L, Diuron 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 0.92ug/L, Tebuthiuron 0.02ug/L [Total 1.5ug/L 5 pesticides]

26/4/17: Atrazine 0.07ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Diuron 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 0.33ug/L [Total 0.46ug/L 4 pesticides]

4/7/17: Atrazine 0.05ug/L, Diuron 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 0.18ug/L [Total 0.27ug/L 3 pesticides]

9/10/17: Atrazine 0.09ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Diuron 0.02ug/L, Metolachlor 0.17ug/L {Total 0.3ug/L 4 pesticides]

3/1/18: Atrazine 0.13ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.03ug/L, Hexazinone 0.06ug/L, Metolachlor 0.09ug/L [Total 0.31ug/L 4 pesticides]

9/4/18: Atrazine 0.1ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.3ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.05ug/L, Diuron 0.06ug/L, Metolachlor 0.73ug/L, Tebuthiuron 0.13ug/L, N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide 0.6ug/L [Total 1.97ug/L 7 pesticides]

3/7/18: Atrazine 0.08ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.03ug/L, Diuron 0.03ug/L, Metolachlor 0.32ug/L, Tebuthiuron 0.1ug/L [Total 0.56ug/L 5 pesticides]

9/10/18: Diuron 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 0.49ug/L, Simazine 0.02ug/L, Tebuthiuron 0.16ug/L [Total 0.71ug/L 4 pesticides]

3/4/19 (Dalby Weir) Diuron 0.13ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 8.4ug/L, Prometryn 0.03ug/L, Atrazine 0.12ug/L, Atrazine, 2-Hydroxy 0.1ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 1ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.62ug/L, Fluroxypur 3.2ug/L, Isoxaflutole Metabolite (DKN) 0.02ug/L, Metolachlor 8.4ug/L, Metolachlor-OXA 4ug/L [Total 26.06ug/L 12 pesticides]

10/7/19 (Dalby Weir) Atrazine 0.3ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.61ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.36ug/L, Diuron 0.05ug/L, Hexazinone 0.02ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.02ug/L, Metolachlor 4.3ug/L, Tebuthiuron 0.1ug/L, Atrazine, 2-Hydroxy 0.38ug/L, Fluroxypur 1.5ug/L, Metolachlor-OXA 2.9ug/L [Total 10.54ug/L 12 pesticides]

Farmers Paid After Chemical Spraying

Sydney Morning Herald Saturday December 26, 1998

The cotton industry has announced a compensation scheme for beef farmers in northern NSW and Queensland whose cattle have been found to contain high traces of the insecticide endosulfan.

Cotton Australia’s chief executive, Mr Gary Punch, said the package was estimated to end up around the “quarter of a million dollar mark”.

After paying the compensation, he said, the industry would try to seek out who was responsible for incorrect spraying practices which had led to the contamination and to recoup the money from them. “There’s a lot of anger in the cotton industry,” Mr Punch said.

“Very small cotton farmers have brought all this down on everybody else.”

A joint cotton/cattle claims panel will be set up to determine compensation for farmers whose cattle had been found to be contaminated.

The deal would cover market prices for cattle which could not be sold because of the contamination and transport costs to and from the abattoir for a consignment which was rejected.

Compensation would also be given for live cattle (about 60 so far) which have tested positive to between half and full the maximum residue level (0.2 milligrams per kilo), at the rate of 12c a kilo.

Mr Punch said about 30 cattle had so far been rejected after testing to higher than full levels of the chemical.

The announcement from the cotton industry came as it emerged that levels of the insecticide endosulfan have been found in drinking water in cotton-growing areas of southern Queensland at almost 20 times the recommended safety limit.

Tests by the Condamine-Balonne Water Committee, a government body, found an endosulfan level of 0.9 ug/L (micrograms per litre) in the Loudoun Weir last January, at the peak of the cotton-spraying season.

The National Health and Medical Research Council’s “guideline value” for the chemical’s level in drinking water is 0.05 ug/L.

The weir supplies water to the Darling Downs town of Dalby.

The cotton industry has previously insisted there is “no established link for a causal relationship between agricultural chemicals and health effects”.

A recent review of the chemical by the Federal Government’s National Registration Authority for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals said endosulfan concentrations “routinely exceed” criteria recommended to protect aquatic ecosystems.

The review said the chemical had a “high, acute or immediate toxicity to humans”.

The Dalby-based Eco-Watch group says it has documented more than 50 cases this year of pesticide poisoning it attributes to cotton spraying.

Reported symptoms include severe headaches, asthma, muscle pain and fatigue. Ms Tracey McGeorge, a station manager, said she was admitted to hospital in Chinchilla recently after being exposed to spray drift. “I was convulsing and I was unable to speak,” Ms McGeorge said.

Mr Bill Zeller, a retired wheat farmer, is trying to sell his Darling Downs property and leave the area. Mr Zeller said he had medical advice that symptoms he regularly suffered – including lethargy, sleeplessness and body aches – arose from exposure to spray which drifted onto his property from nearby cotton farms.

Mr Adrian York, another grain farmer, said: “Women have to wear gas masks when they put the washing out.”

But he added: “I don’t think these chemicals should be banned. It’s a question of using them properly.”

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/1998/12/26/farmers-paid-after-chemical-spraying/

Dalby Loudon Weir

18/1/12: Atrazine 0.59ug/L, Bromacil 0.03ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.51ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.2ug/L, Diuron 0.03ug/L, Hexazinone 0.02ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.05ug/L Metolachlor 2.6ug/L, Prometryn 0.04ug/L, Simazine 0.03ug/L, Tebuthiuron 0.01ug/L. [Total: 4.11ug/L  11 pesticides]

30/5/12: Nothing

17/7/12: Metolachlor 0.02ug/L, Simazine 0.24ug/L [Total 0.26ug/L 2 pesticides]

25/9/12: Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Hexazinone 0.07ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.04ug/L, Simazine 0.08ug/L [Total 0.21ug/L 4 pesticides]

15/10/12: Atrazine 0.03ug/L, Hexazinone 0.07ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.03ug/L, Simazine 0.07ug/L [Total 0.2ug/L 4 pesticides]

10/12/12: Atrazine 0.09ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Hexazinone 0.07ug/L, Metolachlor 0.03ug/L, Simazine 0.05ug/L [Total 0.26ug/L 5 pesticides]

16/1/13: Atrazine 0.58ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.11ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.05ug/L, Hexazinone 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 0.27ug/L, Simazine 0.05ug/L [Total 1.1ug/L 6 pesticides]

17/4/13: Atrazine 0.03ug/L, Hexazinone 0.03ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.03ug/L [Total 0.09ug/L 3 pesticides]

16/7/13: Hexazinone 0.03ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.03ug/L, Metolachlor 0.03ug/L, Simazine 0.05ug/L [0.14ug/L 4 pesticides]

8/10/13: Atrazine 0.04ug/L, Hexazinone 0.02ug/L, Metolachlor 0.02ug/L, Simazine 0.04ug/L [Total 0.12ug/L 4 pesticides]

14/1/14: Atrazine 0.12ug/L, Hexazinone 0.06ug/L, Metolachlor 0.04ug/L, Simazine 0.04ug/L [Total 0.26ug/L 4 pesticides]

7/4/14: Atrazine 0.29ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.09ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.05ug/L, Diuron 0.06ug/L, Metolachlor 0.96ug/L, DEET 0.4ug/L [Total 1.85ug/L 6 pesticides]

15/7/14: Atrazine 0.21ug/L, Bromacil 0.08ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.07ug/L, Diuron 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 0.47ug/L [Total 0.87ug/L 5 pesticides]

13/10/14: Atrazine 0.15ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.05ug/L, Hexazinone 0.02ug/L, Metalochlor 0.35ug/L [Total 0.57ug/L 4 pesticides]

13/1/15: Atrazine 0.5ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.34ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.13ug/L, Diuron 0.13ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.02ug/L, Metolachlor 8ug/L [Total 9.12ug/L 6 pesticides]

7/4/15: Atrazine 0.71ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.21ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.07ug/L, Diuron 0.17ug/L, Metolachlor 0.92ug/L [Total 2.08ug/L 5 pesticides]

8/7/15: Atrazine 0.06ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.03ug/L, Metolachlor 0.2ug/L [Total 0.29ug/L 3 pesticides]

7/10/15: Atrazine 0.09ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 0.19ug/L, Tris (Chloropropyl) Phosphate Isomers 0.3ug/L [Total 0.62ug/L 4 pesticides]

12/1/16: Atrazine 0.99ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.42ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.14ug/L, Diuron 0.04ug/L, Hexazinone 0.06ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 1.7ug/L [Total 3.39ug/L 7 pesticides]

11/5/16: Atrazine 0.84ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.39ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.11ug/L, Hexazinone 0.03ug/L, Metolachlor 0.8ug/L, DEET 0.2ug/L, Tris (Chloropropyl) Phosphate Isomers 0.2ug/L, N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide 0.4ug/L [Total 2.25ug/L 8 pesticides]

5/7/16: Atrazine 1ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.46ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.12ug/L, Hexazinone 0.03ug/L, Metolachlor 0.65ug/L, N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide 0.2ug/L [Total 2.46ug/L 6 pesticides]

16/11/16: Atrazine 0.36ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.06ug/L, Diuron 0.05ug/L, Metolachlor 1.3ug/L [Total 1.77ug/L 4 pesticides]

11/1/17: Atrazine 0.43ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.09ug/L, Diuron 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 0.92ug/L, Tebuthiuron 0.02ug/L [Total 1.5ug/L 5 pesticides]

26/4/17: Atrazine 0.07ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Diuron 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 0.33ug/L [Total 0.46ug/L 4 pesticides]

4/7/17: Atrazine 0.05ug/L, Diuron 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 0.18ug/L [Total 0.27ug/L 3 pesticides]

9/10/17: Atrazine 0.09ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Diuron 0.02ug/L, Metolachlor 0.17ug/L {Total 0.3ug/L 4 pesticides]

3/1/18: Atrazine 0.13ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.03ug/L, Hexazinone 0.06ug/L, Metolachlor 0.09ug/L [Total 0.31ug/L 4 pesticides]

9/4/18: Atrazine 0.1ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.3ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.05ug/L, Diuron 0.06ug/L, Metolachlor 0.73ug/L, Tebuthiuron 0.13ug/L, N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide 0.6ug/L [Total 1.97ug/L 7 pesticides]

3/7/18: Atrazine 0.08ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.03ug/L, Diuron 0.03ug/L, Metolachlor 0.32ug/L, Tebuthiuron 0.1ug/L [Total 0.56ug/L 5 pesticides]

9/10/18: Diuron 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 0.49ug/L, Simazine 0.02ug/L, Tebuthiuron 0.16ug/L [Total 0.71ug/L 4 pesticides]

3/4/19 (Dalby Weir) Diuron 0.13ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.04ug/L, Metolachlor 8.4ug/L, Prometryn 0.03ug/L, Atrazine 0.12ug/L, Atrazine, 2-Hydroxy 0.1ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 1ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.62ug/L, Fluroxypur 3.2ug/L, Isoxaflutole Metabolite (DKN) 0.02ug/L, Metolachlor 8.4ug/L, Metolachlor-OXA 4ug/L [Total 26.06ug/L 12 pesticides]

10/7/19 (Dalby Weir) Atrazine 0.3ug/L, Desethyl Atrazine 0.61ug/L, Desisopropyl Atrazine 0.36ug/L, Diuron 0.05ug/L, Hexazinone 0.02ug/L, Imidacloprid 0.02ug/L, Metolachlor 4.3ug/L, Tebuthiuron 0.1ug/L, Atrazine, 2-Hydroxy 0.38ug/L, Fluroxypur 1.5ug/L, Metolachlor-OXA 2.9ug/L [Total 10.54ug/L 12 pesticides]

2002 March: Newcastle Toxic Insecticide Leak

Toxic Leak Overcomes Salvo Staff

Newcastle Herald Wednesday March 6, 2002

AT least five Salvation Army staff and volunteer workers were treated for eye and throat conditions after they were overcome by a leaking tub of insecticide yesterday.

A NSW Fire Brigade spokesman said hazardous materials, ambulance and fire crews were called to a warehouse in Hunter St West, Newcastle, about 3.20pm after volunteers reported a strange smell.

The spokesman said the people were overcome by the fumes fromthe tub, which was near the rear ofthe warehouse. `They became sick from the fumes and suffered minor throat and eye irritations as well as feelings of giddiness,' the spokesman said.

The leaked insecticide was cleaned up by the HAZMAT crew, who contained the contamination and made the area safe.

The tub was taken away in a large, air-tight container for disposal.

It is believed the tub had been donated to the organisation about a week ago.

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/2002/3/6/toxic-leak-overcomes-salvo-staff/

Toxic Leak Overcomes Salvo Staff

Newcastle Herald Wednesday March 6, 2002

AT least five Salvation Army staff and volunteer workers were treated for eye and throat conditions after they were overcome by a leaking tub of insecticide yesterday.

A NSW Fire Brigade spokesman said hazardous materials, ambulance and fire crews were called to a warehouse in Hunter St West, Newcastle, about 3.20pm after volunteers reported a strange smell.

The spokesman said the people were overcome by the fumes fromthe tub, which was near the rear ofthe warehouse. `They became sick from the fumes and suffered minor throat and eye irritations as well as feelings of giddiness,’ the spokesman said.

The leaked insecticide was cleaned up by the HAZMAT crew, who contained the contamination and made the area safe.

The tub was taken away in a large, air-tight container for disposal.

It is believed the tub had been donated to the organisation about a week ago.

https://www.insecticide.com.au/insecticide-articles/2002/3/6/toxic-leak-overcomes-salvo-staff/

1960’s – 1980’s: Christmas Creek Station Spray Workers. Pesticides: 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T

SECOND SESSION OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH PARLIAMENT REPORT OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS IN RELATION TO CHEMICAL USE BY THE AGRICULTURE PROTECTION BOARD 1970-1985

 

In the Kimberley region, 2,4-D was used for Noogoora Burr along the Ord and Fitzroy Rivers. 2,4,5-T was used for broad-leafed weeds along the Ord and Fitzroy Rivers, on Christmas Creek Station and in other locations. 2,4-D was mixed with water and applied using a knapsack mister for foliar application. In some instances it was applied using larger trailer or tractor mounted spray equipment.

 

In most instances 2,4,5-T was usually applied using the basal bark application technique. The herbicide was mixed with diesel and applied in a band around the trunk of trees being treated. In the 1970s, 20 litre knapsack sprays similar to firefighting knapsacks were used. By the 1980s, these had been replaced by smaller pump-up spray units similar to those used in home gardens.38

 

https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament%5Ccommit.nsf/%28Report+Lookup+by+Com+ID%29/CD08CE85AE2369D148257831003E960B/$file/ep.apb.041020.rpf.010.xx.a.pdf

SECOND SESSION OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH PARLIAMENT REPORT OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS IN RELATION TO CHEMICAL USE BY THE AGRICULTURE PROTECTION BOARD 1970-1985

 

In the Kimberley region, 2,4-D was used for Noogoora Burr along the Ord and Fitzroy Rivers. 2,4,5-T was used for broad-leafed weeds along the Ord and Fitzroy Rivers, on Christmas Creek Station and in other locations. 2,4-D was mixed with water and applied using a knapsack mister for foliar application. In some instances it was applied using larger trailer or tractor mounted spray equipment.

 

In most instances 2,4,5-T was usually applied using the basal bark application technique. The herbicide was mixed with diesel and applied in a band around the trunk of trees being treated. In the 1970s, 20 litre knapsack sprays similar to firefighting knapsacks were used. By the 1980s, these had been replaced by smaller pump-up spray units similar to those used in home gardens.38

 

https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament%5Ccommit.nsf/%28Report+Lookup+by+Com+ID%29/CD08CE85AE2369D148257831003E960B/$file/ep.apb.041020.rpf.010.xx.a.pdf

1960’s – 1980’s: Fitzroy River Weed Sprayers Exposed: Pesticides: 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D

SECOND SESSION OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH PARLIAMENT REPORT OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS IN RELATION TO CHEMICAL USE BY THE AGRICULTURE PROTECTION BOARD 1970-1985

 

In the Kimberley region, 2,4-D was used for Noogoora Burr along the Ord and Fitzroy Rivers. 2,4,5-T was used for broad-leafed weeds along the Ord and Fitzroy Rivers, on Christmas Creek Station and in other locations. 2,4-D was mixed with water and applied using a knapsack mister for foliar application. In some instances it was applied using larger trailer or tractor mounted spray equipment.

 

In most instances 2,4,5-T was usually applied using the basal bark application technique. The herbicide was mixed with diesel and applied in a band around the trunk of trees being treated. In the 1970s, 20 litre knapsack sprays similar to firefighting knapsacks were used. By the 1980s, these had been replaced by smaller pump-up spray units similar to those used in home gardens.38

 

https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament%5Ccommit.nsf/%28Report+Lookup+by+Com+ID%29/CD08CE85AE2369D148257831003E960B/$file/ep.apb.041020.rpf.010.xx.a.pdf

 

David Fickling in Sydney Sunday September 29, 2002 The Observer

Cyril Hunter's skin was bleached white by the time he died, but his only complaint on the night of his death was that he had eaten too much and felt bloated.

A respected member of the Aboriginal community in Derby, Western Australia, he had been suffering ill-health for three years, but was known in town as a tough, sturdy man. Few expected him to drop dead of a heart attack at the age of 33.

Campaigners say that Hunter's is just one of up to 24 deaths caused by a controversial weed-spraying programme in northwestern Australia's Kimberley region between 1975 and 1985.

After more than 20 years of denial, the West Australian government last week finally admitted responsibility for health problems connected to herbicides used in the programme. But compensation for those affected, and for the families of the dead, is still no nearer.

It was an apparently well-intentioned plan. Foreign weeds growing in the unspoilt Kimberley would be eradicated by teams of local workers, bringing employment to one of Australia's most backward areas.

Teams of workers spent up to two weeks at a time camping in the bush around the Fitzroy and Ord rivers and spraying weeds with the herbicide 2,4,5-T. 'We were living and breathing and sleeping in that stuff,' recalls Ron Delvin, who led one of the work-teams. 'It got everywhere.'

The herbicide is one of the main components of Agent Orange and has been linked to health problems since the early 1970s.

'It's pretty horrifying,' says Western Australia's Agriculture Minister, Kim Chance. 'They were getting bathed in this crap all day.'

The most worrying question to emerge is whether the herbicide they were using was normal 2,4,5-T at all. Stored in leaky, unmarked, 200-litre used fuel drums, the batch used from 1975 was darker and stickier than employees were used to.

Use of Agent Orange in Vietnam was rapidly wound down in the late 1960s because of concern about its health impacts, but thousands of tonnes are believed to have entered the international market illegally.

Chance is quite clear about why the scandal has failed to come out until now. 'It's been covered up,' he says.

The weeds grew back in a couple of years. The people involved in the programme have not recovered so easily.

https://www.observer.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,801177,00.html

SECOND SESSION OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH PARLIAMENT REPORT OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS IN RELATION TO CHEMICAL USE BY THE AGRICULTURE PROTECTION BOARD 1970-1985

 

In the Kimberley region, 2,4-D was used for Noogoora Burr along the Ord and Fitzroy Rivers. 2,4,5-T was used for broad-leafed weeds along the Ord and Fitzroy Rivers, on Christmas Creek Station and in other locations. 2,4-D was mixed with water and applied using a knapsack mister for foliar application. In some instances it was applied using larger trailer or tractor mounted spray equipment.

 

In most instances 2,4,5-T was usually applied using the basal bark application technique. The herbicide was mixed with diesel and applied in a band around the trunk of trees being treated. In the 1970s, 20 litre knapsack sprays similar to firefighting knapsacks were used. By the 1980s, these had been replaced by smaller pump-up spray units similar to those used in home gardens.38

 

https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament%5Ccommit.nsf/%28Report+Lookup+by+Com+ID%29/CD08CE85AE2369D148257831003E960B/$file/ep.apb.041020.rpf.010.xx.a.pdf

David Fickling in Sydney Sunday September 29, 2002 The Observer

Cyril Hunter’s skin was bleached white by the time he died, but his only complaint on the night of his death was that he had eaten too much and felt bloated.

A respected member of the Aboriginal community in Derby, Western Australia, he had been suffering ill-health for three years, but was known in town as a tough, sturdy man. Few expected him to drop dead of a heart attack at the age of 33.

Campaigners say that Hunter’s is just one of up to 24 deaths caused by a controversial weed-spraying programme in northwestern Australia’s Kimberley region between 1975 and 1985.

After more than 20 years of denial, the West Australian government last week finally admitted responsibility for health problems connected to herbicides used in the programme. But compensation for those affected, and for the families of the dead, is still no nearer.

It was an apparently well-intentioned plan. Foreign weeds growing in the unspoilt Kimberley would be eradicated by teams of local workers, bringing employment to one of Australia’s most backward areas.

Teams of workers spent up to two weeks at a time camping in the bush around the Fitzroy and Ord rivers and spraying weeds with the herbicide 2,4,5-T. ‘We were living and breathing and sleeping in that stuff,’ recalls Ron Delvin, who led one of the work-teams. ‘It got everywhere.’

The herbicide is one of the main components of Agent Orange and has been linked to health problems since the early 1970s.

‘It’s pretty horrifying,’ says Western Australia’s Agriculture Minister, Kim Chance. ‘They were getting bathed in this crap all day.’

The most worrying question to emerge is whether the herbicide they were using was normal 2,4,5-T at all. Stored in leaky, unmarked, 200-litre used fuel drums, the batch used from 1975 was darker and stickier than employees were used to.

Use of Agent Orange in Vietnam was rapidly wound down in the late 1960s because of concern about its health impacts, but thousands of tonnes are believed to have entered the international market illegally.

Chance is quite clear about why the scandal has failed to come out until now. ‘It’s been covered up,’ he says.

The weeds grew back in a couple of years. The people involved in the programme have not recovered so easily.

https://www.observer.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,801177,00.html

1960’s – 1980’s: Spray Workers Ord River Exposed: Pesticides 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T

SECOND SESSION OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH PARLIAMENT REPORT OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS IN RELATION TO CHEMICAL USE BY THE AGRICULTURE PROTECTION BOARD 1970-1985

 

In the Kimberley region, 2,4-D was used for Noogoora Burr along the Ord and Fitzroy Rivers. 2,4,5-T was used for broad-leafed weeds along the Ord and Fitzroy Rivers, on Christmas Creek Station and in other locations. 2,4-D was mixed with water and applied using a knapsack mister for foliar application. In some instances it was applied using larger trailer or tractor mounted spray equipment.

 

In most instances 2,4,5-T was usually applied using the basal bark application technique. The herbicide was mixed with diesel and applied in a band around the trunk of trees being treated. In the 1970s, 20 litre knapsack sprays similar to firefighting knapsacks were used. By the 1980s, these had been replaced by smaller pump-up spray units similar to those used in home gardens.38

 

https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament%5Ccommit.nsf/%28Report+Lookup+by+Com+ID%29/CD08CE85AE2369D148257831003E960B/$file/ep.apb.041020.rpf.010.xx.a.pdf

SECOND SESSION OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH PARLIAMENT REPORT OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS IN RELATION TO CHEMICAL USE BY THE AGRICULTURE PROTECTION BOARD 1970-1985

In the Kimberley region, 2,4-D was used for Noogoora Burr along the Ord and Fitzroy Rivers. 2,4,5-T was used for broad-leafed weeds along the Ord and Fitzroy Rivers, on Christmas Creek Station and in other locations. 2,4-D was mixed with water and applied using a knapsack mister for foliar application. In some instances it was applied using larger trailer or tractor mounted spray equipment.

In most instances 2,4,5-T was usually applied using the basal bark application technique. The herbicide was mixed with diesel and applied in a band around the trunk of trees being treated. In the 1970s, 20 litre knapsack sprays similar to firefighting knapsacks were used. By the 1980s, these had been replaced by smaller pump-up spray units similar to those used in home gardens.38

https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament%5Ccommit.nsf/%28Report+Lookup+by+Com+ID%29/CD08CE85AE2369D148257831003E960B/$file/ep.apb.041020.rpf.010.xx.a.pdf

1995: Taggerty River (Vic) Trout Eradication. Pesticide: Rotenone

Local eradication of trout from streams using rotenone: the Australian experience

 

Mark Lintermans 1,3 and Tarmo Raadik 2,3 1 Environment ACT, P.O. Box 144 Lyneham, ACT 2602, Australia 2Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Natural

Resources and Environment, 123 Brown St., Heidelberg 3084, Australia3

Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology

 

There have been two Australian projects which have attempted to eradicate trout from streams and this paper outlines the issues, methodology and lessons learnt from both of these projects. The first project was conducted in Lees Creek in the Australian Capital Territory and was designed as a trial to investigate the feasibility of trout eradication using the ichthyocide rotenone, and to examine whether the native fish mountain galaxias Galaxias olidus (Günther) would naturally recolonise the stream. The second project was conducted in the Goulburn River catchment in Victoria and formed part of a recovery programme for the nationally

threatened fish barred galaxias Galaxias fuscus (Mack).

 

https://www.doc.govt.nz/documents/science-and-technical/pf10lintermans.pdf

Local eradication of trout from streams using rotenone: the Australian experience

Mark Lintermans 1,3 and Tarmo Raadik 2,3 1 Environment ACT, P.O. Box 144 Lyneham, ACT 2602, Australia 2Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Natural

Resources and Environment, 123 Brown St., Heidelberg 3084, Australia3

Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology

There have been two Australian projects which have attempted to eradicate trout

from streams and this paper outlines the issues, methodology and lessons learnt

from both of these projects. The first project was conducted in Lees Creek in the

Australian Capital Territory and was designed as a trial to investigate the feasibility

of trout eradication using the ichthyocide rotenone, and to examine whether the

native fish mountain galaxias Galaxias olidus (Günther) would naturally

recolonise the stream. The second project was conducted in the Goulburn River

catchment in Victoria and formed part of a recovery programme for the nationally

threatened fish barred galaxias Galaxias fuscus (Mack).

https://www.doc.govt.nz/documents/science-and-technical/pf10lintermans.pdf

1994-95: Upper Goulburn River (Vic) Trout Removal. Pesticide: Rotenone

Local eradication of trout from streams using rotenone: the Australian experience

 

Mark Lintermans 1,3 and Tarmo Raadik 2,3 1 Environment ACT, P.O. Box 144 Lyneham, ACT 2602, Australia 2Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Natural

Resources and Environment, 123 Brown St., Heidelberg 3084, Australia3

Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology

 

There have been two Australian projects which have attempted to eradicate troutfrom streams and this paper outlines the issues, methodology and lessons learntfrom both of these projects. The first project was conducted in Lees Creek in theAustralian Capital Territory and was designed as a trial to investigate the feasibilityof trout eradication using the ichthyocide rotenone, and to examine whether thenative fish mountain galaxias Galaxias olidus (Günther) would naturallyrecolonise the stream. The second project was conducted in the Goulburn Rivercatchment in Victoria and formed part of a recovery programme for the nationallythreatened fish barred galaxias Galaxias fuscus (Mack).

 

https://www.doc.govt.nz/documents/science-and-technical/pf10lintermans.pdf

Local eradication of trout from streams using rotenone: the Australian experience

Mark Lintermans 1,3 and Tarmo Raadik 2,3 1 Environment ACT, P.O. Box 144 Lyneham, ACT 2602, Australia 2Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Natural

Resources and Environment, 123 Brown St., Heidelberg 3084, Australia3

Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology

There have been two Australian projects which have attempted to eradicate trout

from streams and this paper outlines the issues, methodology and lessons learnt

from both of these projects. The first project was conducted in Lees Creek in the

Australian Capital Territory and was designed as a trial to investigate the feasibility

of trout eradication using the ichthyocide rotenone, and to examine whether the

native fish mountain galaxias Galaxias olidus (Günther) would naturally

recolonise the stream. The second project was conducted in the Goulburn River

catchment in Victoria and formed part of a recovery programme for the nationally

threatened fish barred galaxias Galaxias fuscus (Mack).

https://www.doc.govt.nz/documents/science-and-technical/pf10lintermans.pdf

1992 March: Lees Creek (ACT) Trout Eradication. Pesticide: Rotentone

Local eradication of trout from streams using rotenone: the Australian experience

 

Mark Lintermans 1,3 and Tarmo Raadik 2,3 1 Environment ACT, P.O. Box 144 Lyneham, ACT 2602, Australia 2Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Natural

Resources and Environment, 123 Brown St., Heidelberg 3084, Australia3

Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology

 

There have been two Australian projects which have attempted to eradicate trout from streams and this paper outlines the issues, methodology and lessons learnt from both of these projects. The first project was conducted in Lees Creek in the Australian Capital Territory and was designed as a trial to investigate the feasibility of trout eradication using the ichthyocide rotenone, and to examine whether the native fish mountain galaxias Galaxias olidus (Günther) would naturally recolonise the stream. The second project was conducted in the Goulburn River catchment in Victoria and formed part of a recovery programme for the nationally threatened fish barred galaxias Galaxias fuscus (Mack).

 

https://www.doc.govt.nz/documents/science-and-technical/pf10lintermans.pdf

Local eradication of trout from streams using rotenone: the Australian experience

Mark Lintermans 1,3 and Tarmo Raadik 2,3 1 Environment ACT, P.O. Box 144 Lyneham, ACT 2602, Australia 2Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Natural

Resources and Environment, 123 Brown St., Heidelberg 3084, Australia3

Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology

There have been two Australian projects which have attempted to eradicate trout

from streams and this paper outlines the issues, methodology and lessons learnt

from both of these projects. The first project was conducted in Lees Creek in the

Australian Capital Territory and was designed as a trial to investigate the feasibility

of trout eradication using the ichthyocide rotenone, and to examine whether the

native fish mountain galaxias Galaxias olidus (Günther) would naturally

recolonise the stream. The second project was conducted in the Goulburn River

catchment in Victoria and formed part of a recovery programme for the nationally

threatened fish barred galaxias Galaxias fuscus (Mack).

https://www.doc.govt.nz/documents/science-and-technical/pf10lintermans.pdf

2012 July: North West Mallee Parkinsons Disease: Pesticides: Paraquat, Rotenone

Until recently, there was only hearsay evidence that the north-west Mallee region and nearby NSW had a significantly higher rate of Parkinson’s disease than most other areas of Australia.

 

Dr Senior went hunting for figures, across an area of 65,000 square kilometres, to establish how many people suffering from Parkinson’s or other movement disorders had consulted their local GPs within the preceding 65 working days.

 

Her trip took her as far as Balranald, Sea Lake, and Ouyen, and the final tally came to 160

consultations. Based on the frequency of visits, Lower Murray Medicare Local estimates that there are at least 400 Parkinson’s patients in the region, plus individuals with other, rare movement disorders like motor neuron disease, Huntington’s Disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, Friedrich’s Ataxia and spinocerebellar ataxias.

 

Victor McConvey, a clinical nurse consultant with Parkinson’s Victoria, said the incidence of

Parkinson’s disease had not been formally assessed, but was likely due to the high level of pesticide use in the district – particularly rotenone which was banned last decade, and the herbicide paraquat (Sprayseed), which is still widely used.

 

Rotenone, or derris dust, was widely used as an organic insecticide until Scandinavian research in the early 2000s implicated it as a cause of Parkinson’s disease.

Mr McConvey said it was likely that exposure to these pesticides combined with a genetic

predisposition to Parkinson’s, to produce high rates of Parkinson’s disease.

The region’s ageing population was probably also a factor.

 

https://www.sunraysiadaily.com.au/story/197751/parkinson-boost-group-gets-funding-for-

movement-disorder-nurse/

Until recently, there was only hearsay evidence that the north-west Mallee region and nearby NSW had a significantly higher rate of Parkinson’s disease than most other areas of Australia.

Dr Senior went hunting for figures, across an area of 65,000 square kilometres, to establish how many people suffering from Parkinson’s or other movement disorders had consulted their local GPs within the preceding 65 working days.

Her trip took her as far as Balranald, Sea Lake, and Ouyen, and the final tally came to 160

consultations. Based on the frequency of visits, Lower Murray Medicare Local estimates that there are at least 400 Parkinson’s patients in the region, plus individuals with other, rare movement disorders like motor neuron disease, Huntington’s Disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, Friedrich’s Ataxia and spinocerebellar ataxias.

Victor McConvey, a clinical nurse consultant with Parkinson’s Victoria, said the incidence of

Parkinson’s disease had not been formally assessed, but was likely due to the high level of pesticide use in the district – particularly rotenone which was banned last decade, and the herbicide paraquat (Sprayseed), which is still widely used.

Rotenone, or derris dust, was widely used as an organic insecticide until Scandinavian research in the early 2000s implicated it as a cause of Parkinson’s disease.

Mr McConvey said it was likely that exposure to these pesticides combined with a genetic

predisposition to Parkinson’s, to produce high rates of Parkinson’s disease.

The region’s ageing population was probably also a factor.

https://www.sunraysiadaily.com.au/story/197751/parkinson-boost-group-gets-funding-for-

movement-disorder-nurse/

2012 April: Goulburn Valley Needs Parkinsons Disease Nurse

Goulburn Valley needs Parkinson's support nurse

Region has higher than average number of neurological disease cases.

 April 12, 2012

 

Goulburn Valley Health's Dr Arup Bhattacharya with patient Geoff Alexander.

Health professionals say the Goulburn Valley needs a trained neurological nurse to cope with higher than average cases of Parkinson’s disease.

Goulburn Valley Health’s Dr Arup Bhattacharya, a geriatrician and physician who specialises in movement and other neurological disorders, said a neuro nurse was critical to service sufferers, families and carers in the community.

He said environmental factors contributed to the high number of sufferers in the Goulburn Valley. He said Mildura — a town prominent in citrus and grape growing — had similar numbers.

‘‘More recently studies done have seen a link between Parkinson’s disease and the usage of herbicides and pesticides, but not fungicides,’’ Dr Bhattacharya said.

He said Parkinson’s disease was the second most common neurological disease after Alzheimer’s, with about one in 350 Australians affected by it.

Dr Bhattacharya said a trained neurological nurse, or a ‘‘movement disorder nurse’’, would provide local, consistent support and patients would no longer need to travel to Melbourne for care.

A nurse would deliver information about Parkinson’s to institutions and aged-care facilities in the region, educating staff about the disease.

‘‘Patients will have a local contact number for the nurse and it’s not always medical concerns they will need help with, the patient could just be having a bad day and want to talk,’’ Dr Bhattacharya said.

‘‘A recent study shows having a movement disorder nurse in the community will keep patients out of institutions for longer and prevent depression, which is a symptom of Parkinson’s.’’

Dr Bhattacharya said the region was not well serviced by neurological specialists and he introduced a Movement Disorder Clinic to GV Health to care for patients with Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders. He accepts referrals from general practitioners and will diagnose and prepare a management plan for new and follow-up clients.

He said although the disease had been identified for two centuries, there was still no cure and the cause was unknown.

‘‘Parkinson’s disease is a neurological disorder which affects the motor nervous system and alters co-ordination and movement,’’ he said.

 Common symptoms include tremor (shaking, trembling), rigidity or stiffness of the muscles and bradykinesia (slowness of movement) which occurs because the brain is not able to control smooth and delicate movements.

https://www.mmg.com.au/local-news/shepparton/goulburn-valley-needs-parkinson-s-support-nurse-1.15518

Goulburn Valley needs Parkinson’s support nurse

Region has higher than average number of neurological disease cases.

 April 12, 2012

Goulburn Valley Health’s Dr Arup Bhattacharya with patient Geoff Alexander.

Health professionals say the Goulburn Valley needs a trained neurological nurse to cope with higher than average cases of Parkinson’s disease.

Goulburn Valley Health’s Dr Arup Bhattacharya, a geriatrician and physician who specialises in movement and other neurological disorders, said a neuro nurse was critical to service sufferers, families and carers in the community.

He said environmental factors contributed to the high number of sufferers in the Goulburn Valley. He said Mildura — a town prominent in citrus and grape growing — had similar numbers.

‘‘More recently studies done have seen a link between Parkinson’s disease and the usage of herbicides and pesticides, but not fungicides,’’ Dr Bhattacharya said.

He said Parkinson’s disease was the second most common neurological disease after Alzheimer’s, with about one in 350 Australians affected by it.

Dr Bhattacharya said a trained neurological nurse, or a ‘‘movement disorder nurse’’, would provide local, consistent support and patients would no longer need to travel to Melbourne for care.

A nurse would deliver information about Parkinson’s to institutions and aged-care facilities in the region, educating staff about the disease.

‘‘Patients will have a local contact number for the nurse and it’s not always medical concerns they will need help with, the patient could just be having a bad day and want to talk,’’ Dr Bhattacharya said.

‘‘A recent study shows having a movement disorder nurse in the community will keep patients out of institutions for longer and prevent depression, which is a symptom of Parkinson’s.’’

Dr Bhattacharya said the region was not well serviced by neurological specialists and he introduced a Movement Disorder Clinic to GV Health to care for patients with Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders. He accepts referrals from general practitioners and will diagnose and prepare a management plan for new and follow-up clients.

He said although the disease had been identified for two centuries, there was still no cure and the cause was unknown.

‘‘Parkinson’s disease is a neurological disorder which affects the motor nervous system and alters co-ordination and movement,’’ he said.

 Common symptoms include tremor (shaking, trembling), rigidity or stiffness of the muscles and bradykinesia (slowness of movement) which occurs because the brain is not able to control smooth and delicate movements.

https://www.mmg.com.au/local-news/shepparton/goulburn-valley-needs-parkinson-s-support-nurse-1.15518

2004 – 05: Swan Hill Spray Drift Impacts on Vineyards. Pesticide: 2,4-D

Major threat 2-4D high volatile ester spray drift has posed a major threat to the viticulture industry’s domestic and export production, with both wine and table grape growers suffering considerable damage to their crops in recent years, particularly in the Swan Hill and

Murray-Darling regions.

 

Cotton Australia has also identified 2,4-D high volatile ester spray drift as a key threat to its industry, and over the last few seasons the industry sustained substantial damage. The dollar figure is unknown, but Cotton Australia claim that damage to crops has been in the

millions of dollars... Mike Stone spoke on behalf of Murray Valley Winegrowers’ and presented a succinct description of the major threat to wine exports resulting from 

 ester 2-4D drift in the 2005 season and the subsequent successful application for an MRL for 2,4-D. The fact that drift could impact on a crop such as wine grapes hit home strongly to those from other industries on the day.

 

https://www.mvwi.com.au/items/307/Grapevine_May-Jun_2006.pdf

 

[Weekly Times, 25 Nov 2009, Page: 96] Summer thunderstorms can cause difficulties for grain growers who need to spray for summer weeds. But it can also cause difficulties for horticulturalists, apiarists and other grain growers if the herbicide drifts on to other crops. Department of Primary Industries chemical expert Alan Roberts said a vast amount of damage was done in 2004-05 when herbicide drifted from broadacre farms to horticultural farms near the Murray River.

 

https://weedsnetwork.com/traction/permalink/WeedsNews212

Major threat 2-4D high volatile ester spray drift has posed a major threat to the viticulture industry’s domestic and export production, with both wine and table grape growers suffering considerable damage to their crops in recent years, particularly in the Swan Hill and

Murray-Darling regions.

Cotton Australia has also identified 2,4-D high volatile ester spray drift as a key threat to its industry, and over the last few seasons the industry sustained substantial damage. The dollar figure is unknown, but Cotton Australia claim that damage to crops has been in the

millions of dollars… Mike Stone spoke on behalf of Murray Valley Winegrowers’ and presented a succinct description of the major threat to wine exports resulting from 

 ester 2-4D drift in the 2005 season and the subsequent successful application for an MRL for 2,4-D. The fact that drift could impact on a crop such as wine grapes hit home strongly to those from other industries on the day.

https://www.mvwi.com.au/items/307/Grapevine_May-Jun_2006.pdf

[Weekly Times, 25 Nov 2009, Page: 96] Summer thunderstorms can cause difficulties for grain growers who need to spray for summer weeds. But it can also cause difficulties for horticulturalists, apiarists and other grain growers if the herbicide drifts on to other crops. Department of Primary Industries chemical expert Alan Roberts said a vast amount of damage was done in 2004-05 when herbicide drifted from broadacre farms to horticultural farms near the Murray River.

https://weedsnetwork.com/traction/permalink/WeedsNews212

1960’s: Kununurra (WA) Cattle Contaminated with DDT used in Cotton Crops

Blackhearts: Ecology in Outback Australia by Richard Symanski

P 91/92 Snooping about in the farming lands around Kununurra, I learn that in the 1960s this frontier land of once infinite promise was an insecticide hell (Drewe 1990; Pratchett 1990). Farmers were spraying up to fifty times a season. They were drowning rather than poisoning the Heliothis armigera, a ravenous little creature that loved the cotton they were growing. To rid themselves of Heliothis, which proved easy in theory and virtually impossible in practice, the farmers killed everything – snakes, goannas, birds, insects. In their hell-bent eagerness to find economic success in yet another tropical insect heaven, they were, it would seem, even willing to risk killing themselves and their families.

Because of spray drift, the frequent aerial application of DDT led to contamination of nearby irrigated pastures. The residues then showed up in renal fat of cattle grazing this land. There was so much spraying that cattle were found to contain up to two hundred parts per million of DDT. The permissible level for cattle coming into the United States was then seven parts per million. The DDT was still detectable in the fat of cattle grazed on these pastures fifteen years after spraying ceased. The levels of DDT in cattle around Kununurra didn’t get down to acceptable levels until 1979.

https://books.google.com.au/books?id=SLXUC80Xw-oC&pg=PA92&lpg=PA92&dq=DDT+spray+drift+australia&source=bl&ots=etZ90RrmDP&sig=qIBB96l0NEwRoEi1mHDWGXK5mVE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zAopVZznOsak8AXV-oDwDQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=DDT%20spray%20drift%20australia&f=false

Blackhearts: Ecology in Outback Australia by Richard Symanski

P 91/92 Snooping about in the farming lands around Kununurra, I learn that in the 1960s this frontier land of once infinite promise was an insecticide hell (Drewe 1990; Pratchett 1990). Farmers were spraying up to fifty times a season. They were drowning rather than poisoning the Heliothis armigera, a ravenous little creature that loved the cotton they were growing. To rid themselves of Heliothis, which proved easy in theory and virtually impossible in practice, the farmers killed everything – snakes, goannas, birds, insects. In their hell-bent eagerness to find economic success in yet another tropical insect heaven, they were, it would seem, even willing to risk killing themselves and their families.

Because of spray drift, the frequent aerial application of DDT led to contamination of nearby irrigated pastures. The residues then showed up in renal fat of cattle grazing this land. There was so much spraying that cattle were found to contain up to two hundred parts per million of DDT. The permissible level for cattle coming into the United States was then seven parts per million. The DDT was still detectable in the fat of cattle grazed on these pastures fifteen years after spraying ceased. The levels of DDT in cattle around Kununurra didn’t get down to acceptable levels until 1979.

https://books.google.com.au/books?id=SLXUC80Xw-oC&pg=PA92&lpg=PA92&dq=DDT+spray+drift+australia&source=bl&ots=etZ90RrmDP&sig=qIBB96l0NEwRoEi1mHDWGXK5mVE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zAopVZznOsak8AXV-oDwDQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=DDT%20spray%20drift%20australia&f=false

2008 July: Parafield Wetlands (SA). Pesticides detected: Dicamba, Mecoprop, MCPA, Triclopyr, Diuron, Metolachlor, Simazine

Preliminary Ecotoxicological Assessment of Water Before and After Treatment in a Reed-Bed and Aquifer at Salisbury Stormwater ASTR Project CSIRO - March 2011

 

Pesticides detected in Parafield Stormwater Harvesting System

 

Dicamba: Site WE1 0.07ug/L, Site WE 2: 0.04ug/L

Mecoprop: Site WE 1 0.03ug/L, Site WE 2: 0.02ug/L

MCPA: Site WE 1 0.18ug/L, Site WE 2: 0.01ug/L

Triclopyr: Site WE 1 0.04ug/L, Site WE 2: 0.03ug/L

Diuron: Site WE 1 0.09ug/L, Site WE 2: 0.09ug/L

Metolachlor: Site WE 1 0.01ug/L, Site WE 2: 0.01ug/L

Simazine Site WE 0.04ug/L, Site WE 2: 0.03ug/L

 

https://www.clw.csiro.au/publications/waterforahealthycountry/2011/wfhc-Salisbury-ecotoxicologial-assessment.pdf

Preliminary Ecotoxicological Assessment of Water Before and After Treatment in a Reed-Bed and Aquifer at Salisbury Stormwater ASTR Project CSIRO – March 2011

Pesticides detected in Parafield Stormwater Harvesting System

Dicamba: Site WE1 0.07ug/L, Site WE 2: 0.04ug/L

Mecoprop: Site WE 1 0.03ug/L, Site WE 2: 0.02ug/L

MCPA: Site WE 1 0.18ug/L, Site WE 2: 0.01ug/L

Triclopyr: Site WE 1 0.04ug/L, Site WE 2: 0.03ug/L

Diuron: Site WE 1 0.09ug/L, Site WE 2: 0.09ug/L

Metolachlor: Site WE 1 0.01ug/L, Site WE 2: 0.01ug/L

Simazine Site WE 0.04ug/L, Site WE 2: 0.03ug/L

 

https://www.clw.csiro.au/publications/waterforahealthycountry/2011/wfhc-Salisbury-ecotoxicologial-assessment.pdf

1985 December – 1986 January: Condobolin (NSW) 600 sq km Spray Drift. Suspected Pesticides: Glyphosate, 2,4-D,

Sydney Morning Herald Jan 26 1986

Damage Leaves Farmers Facing Huge Losses – Health Fears after Stray Strips Trees

Outside Condobolin in the State’s dry west, farmers believe they have been victims of one of NSW’s worst environmental accidents involving herbicides.

Farmers on more than 50 properties say that tens of thousands of valuable trees have lost 10 to 100 per cent of their leaves and may not survive.

They say the damage extends about 35 kilometres to the north and 25km west of the town – a massive 600 square kilometre area.

And it stops only 2km from Condobolin.

The NSW Health Department has also been called to see if there is any contamination of household water supplies.

The Department of Agriculture has a large team investigating the case and minister Jack Hallam has told the investigators to spare no effort in finding the cause of the damage.

Finally, more than 70 local people are looking at ways to recoup what they say are substantial losses.

With recent reports raising the question of a link between herbicides and birth abnormalities at Coffs Harbour, the property owners are also concerned about the long-term effects on people.

Mr Angus McDonald, from the Orange office of the Department of Agriculture, said of the damaged area: It’s the largest one I’ve seen.”

A spokesman for the landholders, Mr Noel Winters, said property owners had begun noticing kurrajongs and wilgas losing their leaves and lucerne crops and household gardens dying about a week before Christmas.

“There was a strong south-westerly wind blowing at the time and the damage started showing up on the south-west side of the trees,” he said.

The farmers believe that damage may be due to herbicide spray drifting from one area. The area’s largest property was known to be aerial crop dusting for several days at the time and the farmers believe the spraying was done in conditions that were too hot and too windy.

Mr Winters said: “We don’t know exactly what caused the problems but it looks very much like the effect of a mixture of two herbicides – Ester 80 and Roundup.”

One affected farmer, Mr Harold Buckland, said he could feel a wet clamminess on the buildings on his property.” The wind was howling and it was stinging my eyes.”

Mr Buckland said half the trees in the 600 sq km area were affected. It would take up to 12 months to see how and if they would recover.

But the greatest tragedy was that the trees most valuable to property owners were the ones most damaged – the kurrajongs.

Kurrajongs are highly prized as feed for livestock during drought. Large trees can take 100 years to grow. At this time of year they are usually so leafy a cockatoo could fly into them and not be seen.

Landowners estimate that a large kurrajong provides feed equivalent to 30 bales of hay in drought. With hay selling at up to $7 a bale during drought, it is not hard to estimate their worth.

At “Grainee”, Mr David Greig has over 400 kurrajongs damaged.

Mr Colin Sleep, the manager of “Kiargather”, the property the farmers believe responsible for the spray drift, said herbicides had been sprayed over 10,700 hectares in four days.

He said a mixture of Ester 80 and Roundup had been used but he denied that spraying had been done under unfavourable circumstances: “We used people with a lot of experience in spraying. They stopped themselves on three occasions when they thought conditions were unfavourable. They went to great lengths to ensure that they just sprayed the target.”

He said what had occured had been extraordinary and unpredictable.

“We took all reasonable precautions.”

The Registrar of Pesticides, Mr Harvey Baker, said Mr Hallam had been informed as soon as it was thought that spray drift might have occured.

“There is no doubt that drift damage has occurred,” Mr Baker said. But it was difficult to know how much of the damage was due to herbicide drift and how much to very dry weather.

The regional health surveyor for the Central Western Region, Mr David Chowes, said that two of three water samples taken from the area had shown traces of 2,4-D.

In the third case, the property owner had allowed the first rain after the spraying to run on to the ground.

In the other two cases, 2,4-D was found but at less than half the maximum allowable limit of 100 micrograms per litre.

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19860126&id=3TVWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LugDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2358,3027857&hl=en

Sydney Morning Herald Jan 26 1986

Damage Leaves Farmers Facing Huge Losses – Health Fears after Stray Strips Trees

Outside Condobolin in the State’s dry west, farmers believe they have been victims of one of NSW’s worst environmental accidents involving herbicides.

Farmers on more than 50 properties say that tens of thousands of valuable trees have lost 10 to 100 per cent of their leaves and may not survive.

They say the damage extends about 35 kilometres to the north and 25km west of the town – a massive 600 square kilometre area.

And it stops only 2km from Condobolin.

The NSW Health Department has also been called to see if there is any contamination of household water supplies.

The Department of Agriculture has a large team investigating the case and minister Jack Hallam has told the investigators to spare no effort in finding the cause of the damage.

Finally, more than 70 local people are looking at ways to recoup what they say are substantial losses.

With recent reports raising the question of a link between herbicides and birth abnormalities at Coffs Harbour, the property owners are also concerned about the long-term effects on people.

Mr Angus McDonald, from the Orange office of the Department of Agriculture, said of the damaged area: It’s the largest one I’ve seen.”

A spokesman for the landholders, Mr Noel Winters, said property owners had begun noticing kurrajongs and wilgas losing their leaves and lucerne crops and household gardens dying about a week before Christmas.

“There was a strong south-westerly wind blowing at the time and the damage started showing up on the south-west side of the trees,” he said.

The farmers believe that damage may be due to herbicide spray drifting from one area. The area’s largest property was known to be aerial crop dusting for several days at the time and the farmers believe the spraying was done in conditions that were too hot and too windy.

Mr Winters said: “We don’t know exactly what caused the problems but it looks very much like the effect of a mixture of two herbicides – Ester 80 and Roundup.”

One affected farmer, Mr Harold Buckland, said he could feel a wet clamminess on the buildings on his property.” The wind was howling and it was stinging my eyes.”

Mr Buckland said half the trees in the 600 sq km area were affected. It would take up to 12 months to see how and if they would recover.

But the greatest tragedy was that the trees most valuable to property owners were the ones most damaged – the kurrajongs.

Kurrajongs are highly prized as feed for livestock during drought. Large trees can take 100 years to grow. At this time of year they are usually so leafy a cockatoo could fly into them and not be seen.

Landowners estimate that a large kurrajong provides feed equivalent to 30 bales of hay in drought. With hay selling at up to $7 a bale during drought, it is not hard to estimate their worth.

At “Grainee”, Mr David Greig has over 400 kurrajongs damaged.

Mr Colin Sleep, the manager of “Kiargather”, the property the farmers believe responsible for the spray drift, said herbicides had been sprayed over 10,700 hectares in four days.

He said a mixture of Ester 80 and Roundup had been used but he denied that spraying had been done under unfavourable circumstances: “We used people with a lot of experience in spraying. They stopped themselves on three occasions when they thought conditions were unfavourable. They went to great lengths to ensure that they just sprayed the target.”

He said what had occured had been extraordinary and unpredictable.

“We took all reasonable precautions.”

The Registrar of Pesticides, Mr Harvey Baker, said Mr Hallam had been informed as soon as it was thought that spray drift might have occured.

“There is no doubt that drift damage has occurred,” Mr Baker said. But it was difficult to know how much of the damage was due to herbicide drift and how much to very dry weather.

The regional health surveyor for the Central Western Region, Mr David Chowes, said that two of three water samples taken from the area had shown traces of 2,4-D.

In the third case, the property owner had allowed the first rain after the spraying to run on to the ground.

In the other two cases, 2,4-D was found but at less than half the maximum allowable limit of 100 micrograms per litre.

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19860126&id=3TVWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LugDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2358,3027857&hl=en

1990s: Coffs Harbour – Organochlorines in Children’s Blood

The Body Burden of Organochlorine Pesticides

Written By Dorothy M. Bowes October 9, 2003

Coffs Harbour Experience

See link below for full article. Pesticides found in blood of several children included: Hexachlorobenzene, Beta BHC, Dieldrin, DDE, DDT, Trans Nonachlor, Oxychlordane

https://www.asehaqld.org.au/index.php/childrens-health-issues/body-burden-and-chemical-injury-in-children/97-body-burden-of-pops-in-children

The Body Burden of Organochlorine Pesticides

Written By Dorothy M. Bowes October 9, 2003

Coffs Harbour Experience

See link below for full article. Pesticides found in blood of several children included: Hexachlorobenzene, Beta BHC, Dieldrin, DDE, DDT, Trans Nonachlor, Oxychlordane

https://www.asehaqld.org.au/index.php/childrens-health-issues/body-burden-and-chemical-injury-in-children/97-body-burden-of-pops-in-children

1992: Coffs Harbour Spray Drift: Pesticides detected: Heptachlor, Chlordane, Dieldrin, Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Ethoprophos

The Body Burden of Organochlorine Pesticides

Written By Dorothy M. Bowes October 9, 2003

Coffs Harbour Experience

Coffs Harbour is a Central New South Wales coastal town with surrounding areas engaged in rural pursuits.  The major crop in the area is bananas.  Coffs Harbour is situated in a basin, surrounded by the sea on the east, the Dividing Range to the west and has ridges to the north and south, which are covered with banana plantations.  The unusual topography allows pesticide drift to pool in the airshed and intermingle with other airborne pollutants.  This effect is compounded on days when an atmospheric inversion layer caps the basin preventing pollution from escaping into the upper atmosphere and resulting in increased smog over the area. Depending on wind direction, the plume can be blown out to sea by day, blown back inland at night and take several days to clear the airshed.

Late in 1984 a cluster of cleft and lip palate appeared in local children and this triggered concern in the community about environmental exposures that may have caused such defects.  Because of the unique topography and proximity to banana plantations, much emphasis was placed on exposure to agricultural chemicals as a possible cause of the cleft and lip palate. (Beard, J et al.  1995).

In 1992, the North Coast Public Health Unit carried out a study of ambient air levels of pesticides in the Coffs Harbour area.  Air was monitored for pesticides at four sites and sampling was continuous for five consecutive months across the peak spraying period.  Six pesticides were detected during the monitoring period.  Three of these were the organochlorine pesticides heptachlor, chlordane, and dieldrin, the other three were the organophosphates ethyl-chlorpyrifos, diazinon and ethoprophos. (Beard, J et al.  1995).

None of the organochlorines detected were registered for agricultural use at the time of the study.  However, heptachlor was permitted for use as a domestic termiticide and dieldrin was previously used in the banana industry.  As these are both long acting environmental contaminants, this was thought to explain their detection as low-level contaminants.  The North Coast Public Health Unit thought that community exposures to pesticides in ambient air might relate to domestic usage, even in semirural settings with adjoining agricultural areas.  However, this was not reflected in the results from two monitoring stations located within residential areas. These stations registered five of the six pesticides monitored and while these monitoring stations were not in the immediate vicinity of any new building/domestic developments they were close to banana plantations located on the edge of the residential area.(Beard, J et al.  1995).

Previous land use was thought to be a contributing factor to organochlorine contamination in Coffs Harbour as residential areas have been built on land that was previously used for cattle farming.  There are known contaminated sites in the area.

https://www.asehaqld.org.au/index.php/childrens-health-issues/body-burden-and-chemical-injury-in-children/97-body-burden-of-pops-in-children

The Body Burden of Organochlorine Pesticides

Written By Dorothy M. Bowes October 9, 2003

Coffs Harbour Experience

Coffs Harbour is a Central New South Wales coastal town with surrounding areas engaged in rural pursuits.  The major crop in the area is bananas.  Coffs Harbour is situated in a basin, surrounded by the sea on the east, the Dividing Range to the west and has ridges to the north and south, which are covered with banana plantations.  The unusual topography allows pesticide drift to pool in the airshed and intermingle with other airborne pollutants.  This effect is compounded on days when an atmospheric inversion layer caps the basin preventing pollution from escaping into the upper atmosphere and resulting in increased smog over the area. Depending on wind direction, the plume can be blown out to sea by day, blown back inland at night and take several days to clear the airshed.

Late in 1984 a cluster of cleft and lip palate appeared in local children and this triggered concern in the community about environmental exposures that may have caused such defects.  Because of the unique topography and proximity to banana plantations, much emphasis was placed on exposure to agricultural chemicals as a possible cause of the cleft and lip palate. (Beard, J et al.  1995).

In 1992, the North Coast Public Health Unit carried out a study of ambient air levels of pesticides in the Coffs Harbour area.  Air was monitored for pesticides at four sites and sampling was continuous for five consecutive months across the peak spraying period.  Six pesticides were detected during the monitoring period.  Three of these were the organochlorine pesticides heptachlor, chlordane, and dieldrin, the other three were the organophosphates ethyl-chlorpyrifos, diazinon and ethoprophos. (Beard, J et al.  1995).

None of the organochlorines detected were registered for agricultural use at the time of the study.  However, heptachlor was permitted for use as a domestic termiticide and dieldrin was previously used in the banana industry.  As these are both long acting environmental contaminants, this was thought to explain their detection as low-level contaminants.  The North Coast Public Health Unit thought that community exposures to pesticides in ambient air might relate to domestic usage, even in semirural settings with adjoining agricultural areas.  However, this was not reflected in the results from two monitoring stations located within residential areas. These stations registered five of the six pesticides monitored and while these monitoring stations were not in the immediate vicinity of any new building/domestic developments they were close to banana plantations located on the edge of the residential area.(Beard, J et al.  1995).

Previous land use was thought to be a contributing factor to organochlorine contamination in Coffs Harbour as residential areas have been built on land that was previously used for cattle farming.  There are known contaminated sites in the area.

https://www.asehaqld.org.au/index.php/childrens-health-issues/body-burden-and-chemical-injury-in-children/97-body-burden-of-pops-in-children

2011 December – February: Comboyne Legal Action. Pesticide of Concern: Triclopyr/Picloram

'Ridiculous' weed control case dismissed

 

10 Dec, 2011

RE than a dozen farmers from the Hastings and Gloucester valleys showed their support for a local weed control company this week.

Magistrate Thomas Hodgson dismissed the case in in Port Macquarie Local Court which Precision Helicopters, based at Armidale, was being prosecuted by NSW Department of Environment Climate Change and Water for illegal spraying to control noxious weeds at Comboyne.

Michael Fisher owns the 480 hectare cattle farm where the incident was alleged to have taken place.

He was joined in the courtroom by about 20 Mid-North Coast farmers from Barrington Tops to Comboyne.

Mr Fisher said that, despite the dismissal, he was still angry the company had been charged.

"It's a bittersweet win. It was bloody ridiculous to start with. We're bound by law to control our weeds," he said.

The department's arguments had focused on the spraying of weed control Grazon Extra when foliage was wet after rain, which is prohibited.

Lantana, cockspur, tobacco, blackberry and crofton weed are among the weeds he employed Precision Helicopters to control with aerial spraying, Mr Fisher said.

About 30 farmers attended a day of the hearing in September, including Barrington Tops cattle farmer Ted Laurie, 48.

The case began in February.

Mr Fisher said Precision Helicopters' owner and chief pilot, Mark Hodgson, was also glad to have the case dismissed.

"He was pretty relieved it was over and that they got the decision they got," Mr Fisher said.

https://www.theland.com.au/news/agriculture/agribusiness/general-news/ridiculous-weed-control-case-dismissed/2386215.aspx

Legal action could tighten controls on aerial pesticide spraying

Posted June 3, 2011 08:18:00

The North Coast Environment Council is hoping legal action over chemical spraying in the Comboyne area, will lead to stronger controls on aerial spraying of pesticides.

The North Environment Council's Susie Russell says a helicopter company was fined for spraying herbicides while it was raining in March 2010.

Neighbours on adjoining properties were concerned about chemical run-off and pollution from the spray.

The company is now challenging the fine in court.

Ms Russell says the case highlights the risks posed by aerial spraying to people and the environment.

The case has been adjourned until August 30th in the Port Macquarie Court.

STRONGER CHEMICAL CONTROLS NEEDED

May 31, 2011 by North Coast Environment Council

 

A case that is being heard in court today in relation to a helicopter company which sprayed chemicals in the Comboyne area should trigger stronger protections against aerial spraying of herbicides and pesticides, according to the North Coast Environment Council.

 The case is being heard in the Port Macquarie Local Court today, and involves a helicopter company, Precision Helicopters, which is challenging a $1,500 fine it received for spraying herbicides from the air whilst it was raining in March 2010.

 Neighbours on adjoining properties have informed the North Coast Environment Council that they hold serious concerns about chemical run-off and pollution from the event, and that large areas of vegetation were killed.

“This case highlights both the risks posed by aerial spraying to people and the environment and the dramatically inadequate regulations that are currently in place to control it,” said NCEC spokesperson Susie Russell.

“The fact that the fine for undertaking aerial spraying in the rain was only $1,500 to begin with, and even that is now being challenged, indicates just how weak the laws are on this issue.

“The string of babies born with birth defects in the northern rivers region earlier this year has raised alarm bells throughout the wider community about the potential impacts of excessive chemical use on all elements of human biology.

“We are calling on the NSW Government to urgently ban aerial spraying of herbicides and pesticides, to place much stricter constraints on their use in all circumstances and to set-up a publicly accessible Pesticides Register where the use of herbicides and pesticides is logged.

“In particular, neighbours should be fully informed of chemical use on adjoining properties and there should be dramatic increases in penalties for people who break the rules,” Ms Russell said.

‘Ridiculous’ weed control case dismissed

 

10 Dec, 2011

RE than a dozen farmers from the Hastings and Gloucester valleys showed their support for a local weed control company this week.

Magistrate Thomas Hodgson dismissed the case in in Port Macquarie Local Court which Precision Helicopters, based at Armidale, was being prosecuted by NSW Department of Environment Climate Change and Water for illegal spraying to control noxious weeds at Comboyne.

Michael Fisher owns the 480 hectare cattle farm where the incident was alleged to have taken place.

He was joined in the courtroom by about 20 Mid-North Coast farmers from Barrington Tops to Comboyne.

Mr Fisher said that, despite the dismissal, he was still angry the company had been charged.

“It’s a bittersweet win. It was bloody ridiculous to start with. We’re bound by law to control our weeds,” he said.

The department’s arguments had focused on the spraying of weed control Grazon Extra when foliage was wet after rain, which is prohibited.

Lantana, cockspur, tobacco, blackberry and crofton weed are among the weeds he employed Precision Helicopters to control with aerial spraying, Mr Fisher said.

About 30 farmers attended a day of the hearing in September, including Barrington Tops cattle farmer Ted Laurie, 48.

The case began in February.

Mr Fisher said Precision Helicopters’ owner and chief pilot, Mark Hodgson, was also glad to have the case dismissed.

“He was pretty relieved it was over and that they got the decision they got,” Mr Fisher said.

https://www.theland.com.au/news/agriculture/agribusiness/general-news/ridiculous-weed-control-case-dismissed/2386215.aspx

Legal action could tighten controls on aerial pesticide spraying

Posted June 3, 2011 08:18:00

The North Coast Environment Council is hoping legal action over chemical spraying in the Comboyne area, will lead to stronger controls on aerial spraying of pesticides.

The North Environment Council’s Susie Russell says a helicopter company was fined for spraying herbicides while it was raining in March 2010.

Neighbours on adjoining properties were concerned about chemical run-off and pollution from the spray.

The company is now challenging the fine in court.

Ms Russell says the case highlights the risks posed by aerial spraying to people and the environment.

The case has been adjourned until August 30th in the Port Macquarie Court.

STRONGER CHEMICAL CONTROLS NEEDED

May 31, 2011 by North Coast Environment Council

A case that is being heard in court today in relation to a helicopter company which sprayed chemicals in the Comboyne area should trigger stronger protections against aerial spraying of herbicides and pesticides, according to the North Coast Environment Council.

 The case is being heard in the Port Macquarie Local Court today, and involves a helicopter company, Precision Helicopters, which is challenging a $1,500 fine it received for spraying herbicides from the air whilst it was raining in March 2010.

Neighbours on adjoining properties have informed the North Coast Environment Council that they hold serious concerns about chemical run-off and pollution from the event, and that large areas of vegetation were killed.

“This case highlights both the risks posed by aerial spraying to people and the environment and the dramatically inadequate regulations that are currently in place to control it,” said NCEC spokesperson Susie Russell.

“The fact that the fine for undertaking aerial spraying in the rain was only $1,500 to begin with, and even that is now being challenged, indicates just how weak the laws are on this issue.

“The string of babies born with birth defects in the northern rivers region earlier this year has raised alarm bells throughout the wider community about the potential impacts of excessive chemical use on all elements of human biology.

“We are calling on the NSW Government to urgently ban aerial spraying of herbicides and pesticides, to place much stricter constraints on their use in all circumstances and to set-up a publicly accessible Pesticides Register where the use of herbicides and pesticides is logged.

“In particular, neighbours should be fully informed of chemical use on adjoining properties and there should be dramatic increases in penalties for people who break the rules,” Ms Russell said.

2007 September: Coaldale Farmers Fear Chemical Spray Drift

Coaldale farmers fear chemical spray drift

14th Sep 2007 The Daily Examiner

 

AERIAL spraying of new forestry plantations in the Coaldale Valley has angered residents who say herbicide drifting on to their properties could pollute their drinking water and damage grazing land. Cattle farmer Allan Reardon complained to the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) last Friday after he saw herbicide drifting across his farm and residence during the aerial spraying of a neighbouring property.

"It was blowing a real strong wind and we could see spray blowing around. We could see it and taste it," Mr Reardon said.

His wife Lyndall Reardon rang the EPA, which ordered the spraying be stopped because it was too windy, but he said it started again hours later.

Mr Reardon said he was particularly worried spray would settle on the roof and pollute the tank water they relied on for drinking.

"I'm concerned not only for our own health but also because there's going to be hundreds of litres of this stuff going into the creeks and flowing in to the Clarence River,' Mr Reardon said.

The NSW Department of Environment and Climate Change confirmed two complaints had been made to the EPA in regards to the spraying, resulting in samples being taken from one property.

But the company performing the spraying, McDermott Aviation, denied any wrongdoing.

Owner John McDermott said the company used a process called 'placement spraying' to direct the spray within set boundaries. "It's extremely accurate it doesn't produce fine particles that can drift and the product we are using is very target specific," he said.

"It's not like the old days of aerial spraying when people had the risk of drift getting on them. It goes directly below the helicopter and nowhere else," Mr McDermott said.

The company leasing the land, Forest Enterprises Australia, confirmed it had contracted McDermott Aviation to spray in the area, but said the operation met all legal requirements.

General manager of plantations Chris Barnes said chemicals used in forestry are registered for use in agriculture and the spraying posed no threat to crops or animals.

But Coaldale Valley farmer, John Golding, said the problem was that helicopters were used when ground spraying would be safer and just as effective.

He said samples from his property tested positive for herbicide after being tested by the EPA following a spraying operation by the same companies in November.

"I was 100 metres inside the boundary when I got covered with the stuff," he said.

"The EPA came out and took samples and they found residue on the grass near our house.

"We were quite concerned about our grandchildren being here, and the water in our tanks." Despite the evidence of drift, Mr Golding said he stopped pursuing the case when told the helicopter pilot would be prosecuted and not the company that ordered the spraying.

The farmers' concerns about the spraying will be put to the Clarence Valley Council by Mr Reardon at Tuesday's council meeting.

Councillor Fred Morgan said he raised the issue at this week's civil and corporate committee meeting after being made aware of it by Coaldale residents, and the situation was now on the council agenda.

He said forestry was a new industry for the area and any community concerns about its operations needed to be investigated.

"If the council can assist the community and get clarity on these matters ... we can then let people know where they stand," Cr Morgan said.

https://www.dailyexaminer.com.au/news/apn-coaldale-farmers-fear-chemical-spray/133842/

Coaldale farmers fear chemical spray drift

14th Sep 2007 The Daily Examiner

AERIAL spraying of new forestry plantations in the Coaldale Valley has angered residents who say herbicide drifting on to their properties could pollute their drinking water and damage grazing land. Cattle farmer Allan Reardon complained to the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) last Friday after he saw herbicide drifting across his farm and residence during the aerial spraying of a neighbouring property.

“It was blowing a real strong wind and we could see spray blowing around. We could see it and taste it,” Mr Reardon said.

His wife Lyndall Reardon rang the EPA, which ordered the spraying be stopped because it was too windy, but he said it started again hours later.

Mr Reardon said he was particularly worried spray would settle on the roof and pollute the tank water they relied on for drinking.

“I’m concerned not only for our own health but also because there’s going to be hundreds of litres of this stuff going into the creeks and flowing in to the Clarence River,’ Mr Reardon said.

The NSW Department of Environment and Climate Change confirmed two complaints had been made to the EPA in regards to the spraying, resulting in samples being taken from one property.

But the company performing the spraying, McDermott Aviation, denied any wrongdoing.

Owner John McDermott said the company used a process called ‘placement spraying’ to direct the spray within set boundaries. “It’s extremely accurate it doesn’t produce fine particles that can drift and the product we are using is very target specific,” he said.

“It’s not like the old days of aerial spraying when people had the risk of drift getting on them. It goes directly below the helicopter and nowhere else,” Mr McDermott said.

The company leasing the land, Forest Enterprises Australia, confirmed it had contracted McDermott Aviation to spray in the area, but said the operation met all legal requirements.

General manager of plantations Chris Barnes said chemicals used in forestry are registered for use in agriculture and the spraying posed no threat to crops or animals.

But Coaldale Valley farmer, John Golding, said the problem was that helicopters were used when ground spraying would be safer and just as effective.

He said samples from his property tested positive for herbicide after being tested by the EPA following a spraying operation by the same companies in November.

“I was 100 metres inside the boundary when I got covered with the stuff,” he said.

“The EPA came out and took samples and they found residue on the grass near our house.

“We were quite concerned about our grandchildren being here, and the water in our tanks.” Despite the evidence of drift, Mr Golding said he stopped pursuing the case when told the helicopter pilot would be prosecuted and not the company that ordered the spraying.

The farmers’ concerns about the spraying will be put to the Clarence Valley Council by Mr Reardon at Tuesday’s council meeting.

Councillor Fred Morgan said he raised the issue at this week’s civil and corporate committee meeting after being made aware of it by Coaldale residents, and the situation was now on the council agenda.

He said forestry was a new industry for the area and any community concerns about its operations needed to be investigated.

“If the council can assist the community and get clarity on these matters … we can then let people know where they stand,” Cr Morgan said.

https://www.dailyexaminer.com.au/news/apn-coaldale-farmers-fear-chemical-spray/133842/

2010: Oxley Creek Waste Water Treatment Plant: Pesticide: Propiconazole

Concentration of Selected Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Pharmaceutical and Personal CareProducts Entering Wastewater Treatment Plants in South East Queensland

 

Ali Shareef, Mike Williams and Rai Kookana

June 2010

 

 

p 11/12 Other potential compounds of interest that were detected in both influent and effluent samples collected for BAC analysis include the azole fungicide, propiconazole, and the serotonin-norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor (SNRI) antidepressant, venlafaxine. Without adjusting the concentrations of propiconazole or venlafaxine to a surrogate, there was little apparent removal of both compounds during treatment with concentrations in

both influent and effluent in the low to mid-ng/L range.

 

A previous study assessing removal of fungicides in Swiss WWTPs indicates there was also poor removal of propiconazole, where it was detected in effluents at similar concentration range as our study (Kahle et al., 2008). Azole fungicides can be used as chemotherapy agents as one of their modes of action is to reduce estrogen levels by inhibiting aromatase (Zarn et al., 2003), indicating they havethe potential to act as an EDC.

 

https://www.urbanwateralliance.org.au/publications/UWSRA-tr20.pdf

Concentration of Selected Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Pharmaceutical and Personal CareProducts Entering Wastewater Treatment Plants in South East Queensland

Ali Shareef, Mike Williams and Rai Kookana

June 2010

p 11/12 Other potential compounds of interest that were detected in both influent and effluent samples collected for BAC analysis include the azole fungicide, propiconazole, and the serotonin-norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor (SNRI) antidepressant, venlafaxine. Without adjusting the concentrations of propiconazole or venlafaxine to a surrogate, there was little apparent removal of both compounds during treatment with concentrations in

both influent and effluent in the low to mid-ng/L range.

A previous study assessing removal of fungicides in Swiss WWTPs indicates there was also poor removal of propiconazole, where it was detected in effluents at similar concentration range as our study (Kahle et al., 2008). Azole fungicides can be used as chemotherapy agents as one of their modes of action is to reduce estrogen levels by inhibiting aromatase (Zarn et al., 2003), indicating they havethe potential to act as an EDC.

https://www.urbanwateralliance.org.au/publications/UWSRA-tr20.pdf

1993: Meander River Catchment (Tas). Pesticide: Cypermethtrin

Catastrophic macroinvertebrate drift and sublethal effects on brown trout, Salmo trutta, caused by cypermethrin spraying on a Tasmanian streamDavies, PE and Cook, LSJ (1993)

Catastrophic macroinvertebrate drift and sublethal effects on brown trout, Salmo trutta, caused by cypermethrin spraying on a Tasmanian stream. Aquatic Toxicology, 27. pp. 201-224.

Abstract

Cypermethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, was aerially sprayed on a Eucalyptus nitens plantation in northern Tasmania, Australia. Several tributary streams of the Meander River draining the plantation received direct spray drift contamination of the order of 0.05 mg/m super(2). Increases in invertebrate drift of over 200-times were observed on the day of spraying in Sales Rivulet. Drift was significantly elevated for 8 days after spraying, recovering both in density and relative abundance after early winter floods. Plecoptera and ephemeroptera comprised 89-92% of the drift immediately after spraying, compared with 6-21% pre-spraying and at an uncontaminated site. Benthic abundances of plecoptera and ephemeroptera decreased after spraying in all small streams draining the plantation. Early winter floods were observed to facilitate recolonisation at affected sites. Resident Salmo trutta were collected from the streams before and during 6 months after spraying. Plasma chloride, glucose and protein concentrations were not affected by the spraying event. Significant transient changes in muscle RNA/DNA levels as well as brain and muscle acetylcholinesterase levels and hepatic mixed function oxygenase activity were related to the spraying event. These changes commenced around day 7 and persisted until day 26. Changes in fish diet were also observed, related to the sequence of abundant and depauperate invertebrate drift after spraying. Pathological symptoms in fish were apparently related to dietary intake of cypermethrin from dead and dying invertebrate drift.

Catastrophic macroinvertebrate drift and sublethal effects on brown trout, Salmo trutta, caused by cypermethrin spraying on a Tasmanian streamDavies, PE and Cook, LSJ (1993)

Catastrophic macroinvertebrate drift and sublethal effects on brown trout, Salmo trutta, caused by cypermethrin spraying on a Tasmanian stream. Aquatic Toxicology, 27. pp. 201-224.

Abstract

Cypermethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, was aerially sprayed on a Eucalyptus nitens plantation in northern Tasmania, Australia. Several tributary streams of the Meander River draining the plantation received direct spray drift contamination of the order of 0.05 mg/m super(2). Increases in invertebrate drift of over 200-times were observed on the day of spraying in Sales Rivulet. Drift was significantly elevated for 8 days after spraying, recovering both in density and relative abundance after early winter floods. Plecoptera and ephemeroptera comprised 89-92% of the drift immediately after spraying, compared with 6-21% pre-spraying and at an uncontaminated site. Benthic abundances of plecoptera and ephemeroptera decreased after spraying in all small streams draining the plantation. Early winter floods were observed to facilitate recolonisation at affected sites. Resident Salmo trutta were collected from the streams before and during 6 months after spraying. Plasma chloride, glucose and protein concentrations were not affected by the spraying event. Significant transient changes in muscle RNA/DNA levels as well as brain and muscle acetylcholinesterase levels and hepatic mixed function oxygenase activity were related to the spraying event. These changes commenced around day 7 and persisted until day 26. Changes in fish diet were also observed, related to the sequence of abundant and depauperate invertebrate drift after spraying. Pathological symptoms in fish were apparently related to dietary intake of cypermethrin from dead and dying invertebrate drift.

2007 January: Mole Creek (Tas) Spraydrift: Pesticide: Glyphosate

Tassie farmers concerned about chemical drift	PRINT FRIENDLY	EMAIL STORY
PM - Wednesday, 31 January , 2007  18:46:00 Reporter: Felicity Ogilvie LISA MILLAR: A Tasmanian couple is worried that chemicals sprayed on a neighbouring forestry plantation have drifted across to their farm. The two farmers who live near Mole Creek in the centre of the State were so overcome by the smell of the chemicals they fled their property. The Tasmanian Greens say it's the third complaint about spray drift they've received this week. And it's prompted the Greens to call on the Tasmanian Government to introduce chemical trespass laws and start more rigorous water testing. Felicity Ogilvie reports. FELICITY OGILVIE: Jackie Cox and Phil Greg's farm joins a property that's been sold to Great Southern Plantations. The company will plant trees this winter that will eventually be harvested and turned into woodchips. In order to prepare the land for planting the company has been using a tractor to spray weedkiller. Jackie Cox says her husband suffered an asthma attack when the company started spraying its land on Monday. JACCIE COX: Well I'd been told that if they were spraying that one of the things I could do was to set up some sheets to see if there was any coming this way. But by the time I came up and got back down there again with the sheets I could taste it in the back of my mouth. So I put up the sheets and then I… and Phil had, my husband had stayed inside, because he has asthma, and we went out, we just had to go out. FELICITY OGILVIE: David Ikin from Great Southern Plantations says the chemical used on the spray tractor is a standard weed killer. DAVID IKIN: It's a roundup type of chemical that's commonly able to be purchased at the local hardware store, and that a lot of gardeners would use in their backyards and also virtually all farmers would use to control weeds. FELICITY OGILVIE: Jackie Cox says the company told her the spraying was going to happen last week and says she had no warning before the tractor started spraying on Monday. But David Ikin from Great Southern Plantations says calls were made. DAVID IKIN: We've got logs of all the calls and they were aware of it. Just the other thing that's worth pointing out on that point is that we're not required to tell them at all. If the farmer had been there instead of us as the neighbour, they probably would have just got on and done their spraying and not even informed their neighbour. FELICITY OGILVIE: Jackie Cox is worried the chemicals will kill her garden and affect her drinking water. JACKIE COX: The only water supply we have is rainwater, and if this stuff was drifting across our land, then it could easily be on the roof, and therefore getting into our water supply. FELICITY OGILVIE: Kim Booth from the Tasmanian Greens says she should be worried. KIM BOOTH: We have regular complaints to the office where people independently test their creeks or water tanks, and they come up with levels of these dangerous chemicals – cancer-causing chemicals, endochrome-disruptors that cause intergenerational harm – and leave a sleeper on a person, who may develop a cancer years after the event. FELICITY OGILVIE: The Tasmanian Government says it will send its Spray Referral Unit to test the drinking water supply at the farm if an official complaint is made. The Government says it's also drafting a stricter code of practice for laws governing the spraying of chemicals in Tasmania. LISA MILLAR: That's Felicity Ogilvie reporting from Tasmania.

Tassie farmers concerned about chemical drift
PM – Wednesday, 31 January , 2007  18:46:00 Reporter: Felicity Ogilvie LISA MILLAR: A Tasmanian couple is worried that chemicals sprayed on a neighbouring forestry plantation have drifted across to their farm. The two farmers who live near Mole Creek in the centre of the State were so overcome by the smell of the chemicals they fled their property. The Tasmanian Greens say it’s the third complaint about spray drift they’ve received this week. And it’s prompted the Greens to call on the Tasmanian Government to introduce chemical trespass laws and start more rigorous water testing. Felicity Ogilvie reports. FELICITY OGILVIE: Jackie Cox and Phil Greg’s farm joins a property that’s been sold to Great Southern Plantations. The company will plant trees this winter that will eventually be harvested and turned into woodchips. In order to prepare the land for planting the company has been using a tractor to spray weedkiller. Jackie Cox says her husband suffered an asthma attack when the company started spraying its land on Monday. JACCIE COX: Well I’d been told that if they were spraying that one of the things I could do was to set up some sheets to see if there was any coming this way. But by the time I came up and got back down there again with the sheets I could taste it in the back of my mouth. So I put up the sheets and then I… and Phil had, my husband had stayed inside, because he has asthma, and we went out, we just had to go out. FELICITY OGILVIE: David Ikin from Great Southern Plantations says the chemical used on the spray tractor is a standard weed killer. DAVID IKIN: It’s a roundup type of chemical that’s commonly able to be purchased at the local hardware store, and that a lot of gardeners would use in their backyards and also virtually all farmers would use to control weeds. FELICITY OGILVIE: Jackie Cox says the company told her the spraying was going to happen last week and says she had no warning before the tractor started spraying on Monday. But David Ikin from Great Southern Plantations says calls were made. DAVID IKIN: We’ve got logs of all the calls and they were aware of it. Just the other thing that’s worth pointing out on that point is that we’re not required to tell them at all. If the farmer had been there instead of us as the neighbour, they probably would have just got on and done their spraying and not even informed their neighbour. FELICITY OGILVIE: Jackie Cox is worried the chemicals will kill her garden and affect her drinking water. JACKIE COX: The only water supply we have is rainwater, and if this stuff was drifting across our land, then it could easily be on the roof, and therefore getting into our water supply. FELICITY OGILVIE: Kim Booth from the Tasmanian Greens says she should be worried. KIM BOOTH: We have regular complaints to the office where people independently test their creeks or water tanks, and they come up with levels of these dangerous chemicals – cancer-causing chemicals, endochrome-disruptors that cause intergenerational harm – and leave a sleeper on a person, who may develop a cancer years after the event. FELICITY OGILVIE: The Tasmanian Government says it will send its Spray Referral Unit to test the drinking water supply at the farm if an official complaint is made. The Government says it’s also drafting a stricter code of practice for laws governing the spraying of chemicals in Tasmania. LISA MILLAR: That’s Felicity Ogilvie reporting from Tasmania.

1991 -1992: Pesticide Exposure Cotton Chippers. Pesticides: Endosulfan, Profenofos

Pesticide Exposure in Cotton Chippers in the Gwydir Valley, 1991-92. December 1992. Dr Lyn Clarke Agricultural Health Unit, Moree District Hospital, NSW. Dr Tim Churches Epidemiology and Health Services Evaluation Branch, NSW Health Department

P2 “Analysis of erythrocyte cholinesterase activity from the blood samples revealed a six percent decline in the mean enzyme activity in those chippers who were followed up. This is highly statistically significant. No decline would be expected in an unexposed population. A number of the chippers suffered reductions in cholinesterase activity of greater than 30 percent of their initial values. Such reduction of cholinesterase activity may cause symptoms in susceptible individuals, although none of the chippers reported any symptoms specifically attributable to pesticide exposure in the course of Part 1 of the study.

Part 2 of the study revealed that it is possible to recover significant amounts of endosulfan and profenofos pesticide residues from clothing worn while chipping. Cotton chippers have traditionally worn minimal clothing during their work, an observation confirmed by this study. Most of the pesticides used in cotton agriculture are readily absorbed through the skin. Therefore there appears to be considerable opportunity for dermal exposure of cotton chippers to pesticide residues on the cotton plants after aerial spraying.

https://www.aghealth.org.au/tinymce_fm/uploaded/Pesticides/pesticide_exposurein_cotton_chippers_gwydir_valley.pdf

Pesticide Exposure in Cotton Chippers in the Gwydir Valley, 1991-92. December 1992. Dr Lyn Clarke Agricultural Health Unit, Moree District Hospital, NSW. Dr Tim Churches Epidemiology and Health Services Evaluation Branch, NSW Health Department

P2 “Analysis of erythrocyte cholinesterase activity from the blood samples revealed a six percent decline in the mean enzyme activity in those chippers who were followed up. This is highly statistically significant. No decline would be expected in an unexposed population. A number of the chippers suffered reductions in cholinesterase activity of greater than 30 percent of their initial values. Such reduction of cholinesterase activity may cause symptoms in susceptible individuals, although none of the chippers reported any symptoms specifically attributable to pesticide exposure in the course of Part 1 of the study.

Part 2 of the study revealed that it is possible to recover significant amounts of endosulfan and profenofos pesticide residues from clothing worn while chipping. Cotton chippers have traditionally worn minimal clothing during their work, an observation confirmed by this study. Most of the pesticides used in cotton agriculture are readily absorbed through the skin. Therefore there appears to be considerable opportunity for dermal exposure of cotton chippers to pesticide residues on the cotton plants after aerial spraying.

https://www.aghealth.org.au/tinymce_fm/uploaded/Pesticides/pesticide_exposurein_cotton_chippers_gwydir_valley.pdf

1994: Mitchell River: Pesticides detected: Dieldrin, DDT, Atrazine, Metribuzin, Simazine, Endosulfan, Chlorpyrifos, Dimethoate

Horticultural pesticide residues in water. A survey of pesticide residues conducted in Gippsland Victoria, 1994 Agriculture Victoria, Research Report Series No. 146 Feb 1995

Bairnsdale/Mitchell River (exact locations ?)

Stream upstream of horticultural area: Dieldrin 0.02ug/L, DDT 0.017ug/L

Stream downstream of horticultural area: Dieldrin 0.005ug/L

Stream 20: Atrazine 0.14ug/L, Atrazine 0.8ug/L, Metribuzin 0.25ug/L, Simazine 0.61ug/L, Dieldrin 0.005ug/L.

Stream 21: Atrazine 3.2ug/L, Atrazine 0.83ug/L, Metribuzin 0.15ug/L, Endosulfan 0.004ug/L, Endosulfan 0.031ug/L, Dieldrin 0.006ug/L, Chlorpyrifos 0.002ug/L, Dimethoate 0.12ug/L

Horticultural pesticide residues in water. A survey of pesticide residues conducted in Gippsland Victoria, 1994 Agriculture Victoria, Research Report Series No. 146 Feb 1995

Bairnsdale/Mitchell River (exact locations ?)

Stream upstream of horticultural area: Dieldrin 0.02ug/L, DDT 0.017ug/L

Stream downstream of horticultural area: Dieldrin 0.005ug/L

Stream 20: Atrazine 0.14ug/L, Atrazine 0.8ug/L, Metribuzin 0.25ug/L, Simazine 0.61ug/L, Dieldrin 0.005ug/L.

Stream 21: Atrazine 3.2ug/L, Atrazine 0.83ug/L, Metribuzin 0.15ug/L, Endosulfan 0.004ug/L, Endosulfan 0.031ug/L, Dieldrin 0.006ug/L, Chlorpyrifos 0.002ug/L, Dimethoate 0.12ug/L

1994: Orbost (Vic). Pesticides detected in Water: Atrazine, Endosulfan, Dieldrin

Horticultural pesticide residues in water. A survey of pesticide residues conducted in Gippsland Victoria, 1994 Agriculture Victoria, Research Report Series No. 146 Feb 1995

Orbost (exact location ?)

Stream downstream of horticultural area: Endosulfan 0.005ug/L, Dieldrin 0.009ug/L

Drain 15: Atrazine 1.9ug/L, Atrazine 0.47ug/L, Dieldrin 0.005ug/L

Drain 16: Atrazine 4.9ug/L, Atrazine 0.82ug/L

Bore: Atrazine 0.06ug/L

Horticultural pesticide residues in water. A survey of pesticide residues conducted in Gippsland Victoria, 1994 Agriculture Victoria, Research Report Series No. 146 Feb 1995

Orbost (exact location ?)

Stream downstream of horticultural area: Endosulfan 0.005ug/L, Dieldrin 0.009ug/L

Drain 15: Atrazine 1.9ug/L, Atrazine 0.47ug/L, Dieldrin 0.005ug/L

Drain 16: Atrazine 4.9ug/L, Atrazine 0.82ug/L

Bore: Atrazine 0.06ug/L

Horticultural pesticide residues in water. A survey of pesticide residues conducted in Gippsland Victoria, 1994 Agriculture Victoria, Research Report Series No. 146 Feb 1995

Orbost (exact location ?)

Stream downstream of horticultural area: Endosulfan 0.005ug/L, Dieldrin 0.009ug/L

Drain 15: Atrazine 1.9ug/L, Atrazine 0.47ug/L, Dieldrin 0.005ug/L

Drain 16: Atrazine 4.9ug/L, Atrazine 0.82ug/L

Bore: Atrazine 0.06ug/L

1994: Koo-Wee-Rup (Vic). Pesticides in Water detected: Atrazine, Diuron, Metribuzin, Simazine, Methamidophos

Horticultural pesticide residues in water. A survey of pesticide residues conducted in Gippsland Victoria, 1994 Agriculture Victoria, Research Report Series No. 146 Feb 1995

Koo-Wee-Rup (exact location ?)

Drain upstream of horticultural area: Atrazine 0.64ug/L, Diuron 4.8ug/L

Drain downstream of horticultural area: Atrazine 0.24ug/L, Simazine 0.43ug/L, Diuron 0.3ug/L, Methamidophos 0.12ug/L

Drain 6: Atrazine 0.74ug/L, Metribuzin 0.07ug/L, Simazine 1.4ug/L, Diuron 0.52ug/L,

Horticultural pesticide residues in water. A survey of pesticide residues conducted in Gippsland Victoria, 1994 Agriculture Victoria, Research Report Series No. 146 Feb 1995

Koo-Wee-Rup (exact location ?)

Drain upstream of horticultural area: Atrazine 0.64ug/L, Diuron 4.8ug/L

Drain downstream of horticultural area: Atrazine 0.24ug/L, Simazine 0.43ug/L, Diuron 0.3ug/L, Methamidophos 0.12ug/L

Drain 6: Atrazine 0.74ug/L, Metribuzin 0.07ug/L, Simazine 1.4ug/L, Diuron 0.52ug/L,

1994: Rosebud (Vic). Pesticides in Water: Atrazine, Metribuzin, Linuron

Horticultural pesticide residues in water. A survey of pesticide residues conducted in Gippsland Victoria, 1994 Agriculture Victoria, Research Report Series No. 146 Feb 1995

Rosebud (exact location ?)

Stream: Atrazine 0.22ug/L, Metribuzin 0.28ug/L

Bore: Metribuzin 0.13ug/L, Linuron 0.41ug/L

Horticultural pesticide residues in water. A survey of pesticide residues conducted in Gippsland Victoria, 1994 Agriculture Victoria, Research Report Series No. 146 Feb 1995

Rosebud (exact location ?)

Stream: Atrazine 0.22ug/L, Metribuzin 0.28ug/L

Bore: Metribuzin 0.13ug/L, Linuron 0.41ug/L

1993: Mitchell River Lagoon. Pesticides detected: Atrazine, Endosulfan

Horticultural Pesticides in residues in water. Research report No.146 Department Agriculture November 1993. Location of sampling sites, Mitchell Valley.

Surface and groundwater analyses, Mitchell Valley 1993 ug/L

Site 11 Vegetable Property

Atrazine in Water: 0.035ug/L

Endosulfan in Water: 0.035ug/L, 0.014ug/L

Endosulfan in Sediment: 0.021mg/kg, 0.061mg/kg,

Endosulfan So4 in Sediment: 0.015mg/kg

Horticultural Pesticides in residues in water. Research report No.146 Department Agriculture November 1993. Location of sampling sites, Mitchell Valley.

Surface and groundwater analyses, Mitchell Valley 1993 ug/L

Site 11 Vegetable Property

Atrazine in Water: 0.035ug/L

Endosulfan in Water: 0.035ug/L, 0.014ug/L

Endosulfan in Sediment: 0.021mg/kg, 0.061mg/kg,

Endosulfan So4 in Sediment: 0.015mg/kg

1993: Mitchell River Lagoon. Pesticides: Atrazine, Endosulfan, Chlorpyrifos

Horticultural Pesticides in residues in water. Research report No.146 Department Agriculture November 1993. Location of sampling sites, Mitchell Valley.

Surface and groundwater analyses, Mitchell Valley 1993 ug/L

Site 10 Vegetable Property

Atrazine in Water: 0.026ug/L

Endosulfan in Water: 0.026ug/L, 0.012ug/L

Chlorpyrifos 0.07ug/L

Horticultural Pesticides in residues in water. Research report No.146 Department Agriculture November 1993. Location of sampling sites, Mitchell Valley.

Surface and groundwater analyses, Mitchell Valley 1993 ug/L

Site 10 Vegetable Property

Atrazine in Water: 0.026ug/L

Endosulfan in Water: 0.026ug/L, 0.012ug/L

Chlorpyrifos 0.07ug/L

1992-3: Mitchell River Lagoon (Bairnsdale). Pesticide detected: Atrazine

Horticultural Pesticides in residues in water. Research report No.146 Department Agriculture November 1993. Location of sampling sites, Mitchell Valley.

Mitchell River Lagoon upstream of Bairnsdale.

1992: Atrazine 0.04ug/L

1993: Atrazine 0.21ug/L

Horticultural Pesticides in residues in water. Research report No.146 Department Agriculture November 1993. Location of sampling sites, Mitchell Valley.

Mitchell River Lagoon upstream of Bairnsdale.

1992: Atrazine 0.04ug/L

1993: Atrazine 0.21ug/L

1993: Mitchell River Lagoon. Pesticide detected: Atrazine

Horticultural Pesticides in residues in water. Research report No.146 Department Agriculture November 1993. Location of sampling sites, Mitchell Valley.

Location 6 (lagoon): Atrazine 0.18ug/L

Horticultural Pesticides in residues in water. Research report No.146 Department Agriculture November 1993. Location of sampling sites, Mitchell Valley.

Location 6 (lagoon): Atrazine 0.18ug/L

1992: Mitchell River Lagoon (Vic). Pesticide detected: Atrazine

Horticultural Pesticides in residues in water. Research report No.146 Department Agriculture November 1993. Location of sampling sites, Mitchell Valley.

Site 5 Lagoon (vegetable property): Atrazine 0.02ug/L

Horticultural Pesticides in residues in water. Research report No.146 Department Agriculture November 1993. Location of sampling sites, Mitchell Valley.

Site 5 Lagoon (vegetable property): Atrazine 0.02ug/L

1992: Mitchell River (Vic). Pesticides detected: Atrazine, Endosulfan

Horticultural Pesticides in residues in water. Research report No.146 Department Agriculture November 1993. Location of sampling sites, Mitchell Valley.

Site 1: Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Endosulfan 0.01 & 0.014ug/L

(please note that Site 1 is approximately the location of the offtake to the water supplies of several towns in East Gippsland).

Horticultural Pesticides in residues in water. Research report No.146 Department Agriculture November 1993. Location of sampling sites, Mitchell Valley.

Site 1: Atrazine 0.02ug/L, Endosulfan 0.01 & 0.014ug/L

(please note that Site 1 is approximately the location of the offtake to the water supplies of several towns in East Gippsland).

1984: Spraydrift damage Merredin (WA). Pesticides: Paraquat, Diquat, 2,4-D, Glyphosate

Herbicide Spray Drift Damage in the Merredin District Western Australia 1984, W.L.Smart

Department of Agriculture, Dryland Research Institute, Merredin, W.A. 6415.

“... Aerial Application. The most obvious inversion caused spray drift resulted from aerial application of Sprayseed (Paraquat/Diquat) 1 Litre ha-1 + 2,4-D Amine 500 ml + Spraying oil (1%) in 15 L ha-1 + Spraying oil (1%) in 15 L ha-1 water on a paddock at the top of a slope on 31^st May, 1984. Air temperature was 20 degrees C, wind 5km hr-1 from the north east, and there were no clouds. Spraying was done from 3pm to 6pm. The night of 31^st May/1^st June was the coldest of that period, falling to 6 degrees C at Merredin. Spray damage covered 400 ha on two properties, north west of the sprayed paddock, and could be traced down slope from the site of application, through young crop and volunteer pasture and onto an extensive area of flat country where it flowed out as would water. There were no signs of Spray Seed droplet damage higher than 1.5m above ground. No trees were affected.

The largest area of damage caused by wind drift was also the result of aerial application of Sprayseed 1.5L ha-1 + 2,4-D Amines 500 ml ha -1 in 15 L ha -1 water. Spraying was done on a paddock near the top of a hill on the 2^nd June, 1984, starting at 7am and finishing at noon. Wind was 4km hr-1 from the north east. There was no cloud, and the temperature was 18 degrees C. Sprayseed spotting could be seen on crop 4 km from the site of spraying, but eucalypt leaf spotting could be found 6.5km from sprayed paddock. Damage did not follow low lying country but moved up slope and down slope and moved directly down wind. Damage was also evident to the top of Eucalypt trees (15m), indicating a deep blanket of moving air carrying droplets. The area of damage (366ha) would have been greater had more crop been out of the ground.

Ground Spray Application

Boom spray drift was more common but usually involved smaller areas and did not cause leaf spotting on trees. The only large areas of boom spray drift covered 160 ha and 120 ha down wind of the application of SpraySeed in high winds. Other cases of boom spray caused drift ranged from 3 ha to 50 ha and in winds as light as 5 km hr -1 and water rates as high as 80 L ha -1 with most applications in the range of 30-40 L ha-1.

Damage caused by Roundup drift was investigated on four properties. 8 ha of wheat and 20 ha of lupins were re-sown.

Subsequent inspection of crops has shown that it is no longer possible to pick the effect of Sprayseed or Roundup drift damage. Harvest yield assessments may show the effect of spray drift damage...”

Herbicide Spray Drift Damage in the Merredin District Western Australia 1984, W.L.Smart

Department of Agriculture, Dryland Research Institute, Merredin, W.A. 6415.

“… Aerial Application. The most obvious inversion caused spray drift resulted from aerial application of Sprayseed (Paraquat/Diquat) 1 Litre ha-1 + 2,4-D Amine 500 ml + Spraying oil (1%) in 15 L ha-1 + Spraying oil (1%) in 15 L ha-1 water on a paddock at the top of a slope on 31^st May, 1984. Air temperature was 20 degrees C, wind 5km hr-1 from the north east, and there were no clouds. Spraying was done from 3pm to 6pm. The night of 31^st May/1^st June was the coldest of that period, falling to 6 degrees C at Merredin. Spray damage covered 400 ha on two properties, north west of the sprayed paddock, and could be traced down slope from the site of application, through young crop and volunteer pasture and onto an extensive area of flat country where it flowed out as would water. There were no signs of Spray Seed droplet damage higher than 1.5m above ground. No trees were affected.

The largest area of damage caused by wind drift was also the result of aerial application of Sprayseed 1.5L ha-1 + 2,4-D Amines 500 ml ha -1 in 15 L ha -1 water. Spraying was done on a paddock near the top of a hill on the 2^nd June, 1984, starting at 7am and finishing at noon. Wind was 4km hr-1 from the north east. There was no cloud, and the temperature was 18 degrees C. Sprayseed spotting could be seen on crop 4 km from the site of spraying, but eucalypt leaf spotting could be found 6.5km from sprayed paddock. Damage did not follow low lying country but moved up slope and down slope and moved directly down wind. Damage was also evident to the top of Eucalypt trees (15m), indicating a deep blanket of moving air carrying droplets. The area of damage (366ha) would have been greater had more crop been out of the ground.

Ground Spray Application

Boom spray drift was more common but usually involved smaller areas and did not cause leaf spotting on trees. The only large areas of boom spray drift covered 160 ha and 120 ha down wind of the application of SpraySeed in high winds. Other cases of boom spray caused drift ranged from 3 ha to 50 ha and in winds as light as 5 km hr -1 and water rates as high as 80 L ha -1 with most applications in the range of 30-40 L ha-1.

Damage caused by Roundup drift was investigated on four properties. 8 ha of wheat and 20 ha of lupins were re-sown.

Subsequent inspection of crops has shown that it is no longer possible to pick the effect of Sprayseed or Roundup drift damage. Harvest yield assessments may show the effect of spray drift damage…”

2005 July: Nyngan (NSW) Spray Drift Court Case. Pesticide detected: Glyphosate

Case involving aerial spraying of Glyphosate which drifted onto a neighbouring property

https://www.caselaw.nsw.gov.au/decision/54a63a713004de94513dab2e

Case involving aerial spraying of Glyphosate which drifted onto a neighbouring property

https://www.caselaw.nsw.gov.au/decision/54a63a713004de94513dab2e

1980/2012 April: Toxic Spill near Laurieton (NSW). Pesticide: DDT

Mystery illness recalls 1980 toxic spill

April 19, 2012

Workers unearth 1980 toxic site

Road workers have fallen sick after digging up the Port Macquarie site of a toxic truck accident in 1980, says Bob Higgins of the Pacific Highway Upgrade.

FIVE road workers have recovered after exposure to a mystery toxic chemical they unearthed while building a new section of the Pacific Highway near Port Macquarie.

The workers were struck by nausea, vomiting and sore throats after excavations uncovered a patch of greyish clay that became streaked with orange after it was exposed to the air.

The site, between Herons Creek and Stills Road near the town of Laurieton, is notorious as the location of one of Australia's most controversial spills of toxic chemicals and radioactive material.

In 1980 a truck rolled over while carrying several tonnes of the insecticide DDT, two drums of radioactive material and some other chemicals. Some of the DDT was apparently buried on site. It sparked a chain of events that saw allegations of a ''massive cover-up'' by a local doctor who claimed 13 people involved in the clean-up fell ill, and a parliamentary investigation.

Although the affected workers were exposed nearly three weeks ago and have since returned to work, the cause of the illness remains unknown and a 50-metre exclusion zone has been imposed around the construction site, NSW Roads and Maritime Services said.

The Roads Minister, Duncan Gay, said there was no sign of radioactivity, though further tests would be undertaken.

The NSW Environment Protection Authority said initial tests for chemicals had proved inconclusive, while experts from the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation are travelling to Laurieton to test for radioactivity.

''When we started the excavation of this cutting, a certain material was exposed,'' said the site's project manager, Bob Higgins. ''It was a grey-coloured, clay-ey substance that, when it was exposed to the air, got orange streaks on it, and then there were some fumes that came from it.''

The level of contamination, and whether it poses any risk, remains unknown.

The review of environmental factors completed before digging began said buried material from the chemical spill should be classified as relatively innocuous ''inert waste'', and suitable for burial in landfill.

The apparent effect of the toxic chemical on workers prompted the NSW opposition and the Greens to call for an investigation into risks and work practices.

''The report into contamination at the site played down the presence of dangerous substances and so has the government, yet workers are seriously sick,'' said a Greens MP, Cate Faehrmann. ''How could a site as toxic as this have a highway built through it?''

The contamination was caused on December 4, 1980, when truck driver Larry Earle was taking his toxic cargo north from Sydney to Brisbane on behalf of a company called Century Geophysical Corporation, which was deregistered in 1999.

Two cars collided in front of Mr Earle's truck, killing one of the occupants, 23-year-old John Parsons of Grafton. Mr Earle swerved sharply, and managed to avoid serious injury himself, but his vehicle rolled.

The first two police officers on the scene were senior constables Robert Deards and Terry Clifton, who remained there for 12 hours, handling two drums of radioactive material, and handling burst bags containing DDT.

''When I went home that night my uniform, which was usually navy blue, was white,'' Mr Deards told the Herald.

''It was impregnated with bloody DDT powder. I had blood tests three months after the accident and I was still nine times over the maximum level of DDT in my system.''

Mr Clifton complained of being ill, of rapidly losing eight kilograms in weight, and having difficulty sleeping. Mr Deards felt ill and two months later started having fainting spells.

''It was a bloody terrible thing,'' he said. ''In those days police weren't supplied with protective clothing. We had nothing in our police cars, no gloves or masks, and at the end of the day no one gave a rat's arse if we were sick or not.''

NSW Health tested the eight police officers who had helped with the clean-up, and found no evidence of radiation poisoning, the NSW Health Commission chairman, Roderick McEwin, said.

A Port Macquarie doctor, John McKay, was contacted by 11 other people who reported similar symptoms. He accused the state government of engaging in a ''massive cover-up'' and alleged the people were suffering from radiation poisoning.

The matter was investigated by the government. No radiation exposure was proved, and the two drums of radioactive material were apparently not breached.

https://www.smh.com.au/national/health/mystery-illness-recalls-1980-toxic-spill-20120418-1x7qe.html

Mystery illness recalls 1980 toxic spill

April 19, 2012
Workers unearth 1980 toxic site

Road workers have fallen sick after digging up the Port Macquarie site of a toxic truck accident in 1980, says Bob Higgins of the Pacific Highway Upgrade.

FIVE road workers have recovered after exposure to a mystery toxic chemical they unearthed while building a new section of the Pacific Highway near Port Macquarie.

The workers were struck by nausea, vomiting and sore throats after excavations uncovered a patch of greyish clay that became streaked with orange after it was exposed to the air.

The site, between Herons Creek and Stills Road near the town of Laurieton, is notorious as the location of one of Australia’s most controversial spills of toxic chemicals and radioactive material.

In 1980 a truck rolled over while carrying several tonnes of the insecticide DDT, two drums of radioactive material and some other chemicals. Some of the DDT was apparently buried on site. It sparked a chain of events that saw allegations of a ”massive cover-up” by a local doctor who claimed 13 people involved in the clean-up fell ill, and a parliamentary investigation.

Although the affected workers were exposed nearly three weeks ago and have since returned to work, the cause of the illness remains unknown and a 50-metre exclusion zone has been imposed around the construction site, NSW Roads and Maritime Services said.

The Roads Minister, Duncan Gay, said there was no sign of radioactivity, though further tests would be undertaken.

The NSW Environment Protection Authority said initial tests for chemicals had proved inconclusive, while experts from the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation are travelling to Laurieton to test for radioactivity.

”When we started the excavation of this cutting, a certain material was exposed,” said the site’s project manager, Bob Higgins. ”It was a grey-coloured, clay-ey substance that, when it was exposed to the air, got orange streaks on it, and then there were some fumes that came from it.”

The level of contamination, and whether it poses any risk, remains unknown.

The review of environmental factors completed before digging began said buried material from the chemical spill should be classified as relatively innocuous ”inert waste”, and suitable for burial in landfill.

The apparent effect of the toxic chemical on workers prompted the NSW opposition and the Greens to call for an investigation into risks and work practices.

”The report into contamination at the site played down the presence of dangerous substances and so has the government, yet workers are seriously sick,” said a Greens MP, Cate Faehrmann. ”How could a site as toxic as this have a highway built through it?”

The contamination was caused on December 4, 1980, when truck driver Larry Earle was taking his toxic cargo north from Sydney to Brisbane on behalf of a company called Century Geophysical Corporation, which was deregistered in 1999.

Two cars collided in front of Mr Earle’s truck, killing one of the occupants, 23-year-old John Parsons of Grafton. Mr Earle swerved sharply, and managed to avoid serious injury himself, but his vehicle rolled.

The first two police officers on the scene were senior constables Robert Deards and Terry Clifton, who remained there for 12 hours, handling two drums of radioactive material, and handling burst bags containing DDT.

”When I went home that night my uniform, which was usually navy blue, was white,” Mr Deards told the Herald.

”It was impregnated with bloody DDT powder. I had blood tests three months after the accident and I was still nine times over the maximum level of DDT in my system.”

Mr Clifton complained of being ill, of rapidly losing eight kilograms in weight, and having difficulty sleeping. Mr Deards felt ill and two months later started having fainting spells.

”It was a bloody terrible thing,” he said. ”In those days police weren’t supplied with protective clothing. We had nothing in our police cars, no gloves or masks, and at the end of the day no one gave a rat’s arse if we were sick or not.”

NSW Health tested the eight police officers who had helped with the clean-up, and found no evidence of radiation poisoning, the NSW Health Commission chairman, Roderick McEwin, said.

A Port Macquarie doctor, John McKay, was contacted by 11 other people who reported similar symptoms. He accused the state government of engaging in a ”massive cover-up” and alleged the people were suffering from radiation poisoning.

The matter was investigated by the government. No radiation exposure was proved, and the two drums of radioactive material were apparently not breached.

https://www.smh.com.au/national/health/mystery-illness-recalls-1980-toxic-spill-20120418-1x7qe.html

 

2012 March: Poisoners Target Plants in Buderim

Poisoners target plants in Buderim

4 March 2012 - Sunshine Coast Daily

THE apparent poisoning of an endangered shrub has been described as a tragedy for the Buderim community.

Meredith Walker, who is researching the history of trees in Buderim, said the recent destruction of Buderim holly on council land specially purchased for its preservation was terrible.

A recent inspection found 45 plants had been damaged in recent weeks.

Some plants were recovering, but the impact was substantial.

"I'm disappointed. It's tragic," Ms Walker said.

"This is an important feature of Buderim's natural environment."

She said an urgent review was needed to promote the Buderim holly.

"We need to get a community group who might take an interest in the site in the long term."

Known by its scientific name of graptophyllum reticulatum, Buderim holly is a slow-growing shrub of 1-2.5m in height and 1.5m wide.

It's native to Woombye and Buderim.

According to the Federal Government's Environment Department website, there are between 700-1000 plants in the Buderim area, approximately 400 in Triunia National Park near Woombye and about 100 in freehold land near Triunia National Park.

Division 6 councillor Christian Dickson, who on Friday toured the targeted Buderim site with his father, Buderim MP Steve Dickson, said the matter was serious.

"When it comes down to this, you can't make a mistake like this," he said.

"You can't go on to council land and go after one particular species of plant. It's an offence in the simplest terms.

"I was there and I could tell that everything else was fine. It was just this one species that has been targeted. There is no reason for it."

Cr Dickson said council had purchased the land in 2006 primarily for the holly with environmental funding.

"We need to better look after the area, do more checks to make sure plants are healthy and things aren't being poisoned," he said.

Council is now rushing an application to the Department of Environment and Resource Management to begin repropagation.

DERM is also looking to prosecute those responsible for the poisoning.

https://www.sunshinecoastdaily.com.au/news/poisoners-target-rare-plants-in-buderim-holly/1293234/

Poisoners target plants in Buderim

4 March 2012 – Sunshine Coast Daily

THE apparent poisoning of an endangered shrub has been described as a tragedy for the Buderim community.

Meredith Walker, who is researching the history of trees in Buderim, said the recent destruction of Buderim holly on council land specially purchased for its preservation was terrible.

A recent inspection found 45 plants had been damaged in recent weeks.

Some plants were recovering, but the impact was substantial.

“I’m disappointed. It’s tragic,” Ms Walker said.

“This is an important feature of Buderim’s natural environment.”

She said an urgent review was needed to promote the Buderim holly.

“We need to get a community group who might take an interest in the site in the long term.”

Known by its scientific name of graptophyllum reticulatum, Buderim holly is a slow-growing shrub of 1-2.5m in height and 1.5m wide.

It’s native to Woombye and Buderim.

According to the Federal Government’s Environment Department website, there are between 700-1000 plants in the Buderim area, approximately 400 in Triunia National Park near Woombye and about 100 in freehold land near Triunia National Park.

Division 6 councillor Christian Dickson, who on Friday toured the targeted Buderim site with his father, Buderim MP Steve Dickson, said the matter was serious.

“When it comes down to this, you can’t make a mistake like this,” he said.

“You can’t go on to council land and go after one particular species of plant. It’s an offence in the simplest terms.

“I was there and I could tell that everything else was fine. It was just this one species that has been targeted. There is no reason for it.”

Cr Dickson said council had purchased the land in 2006 primarily for the holly with environmental funding.

“We need to better look after the area, do more checks to make sure plants are healthy and things aren’t being poisoned,” he said.

Council is now rushing an application to the Department of Environment and Resource Management to begin repropagation.

DERM is also looking to prosecute those responsible for the poisoning.

https://www.sunshinecoastdaily.com.au/news/poisoners-target-rare-plants-in-buderim-holly/1293234/

2006: Ord River (WA) Crocodile Meat: DDT, DDE

Results of this survey compared with other recent studies in the ORIA.

A recent study of organochlorines in freshwater and saltwater crocodiles in the Ord River (Yoshikane et al. 2006) also found very high levels of DDT congeners (mainly p,p-DDE). Visceral fat and liver samples from specimens collected in the Upper Ord, the ORIA and the lower Ord were analysed for a wide range of organochlorines. The highest concentrations of DDE were found in the visceral fat of freshwater crocodiles collected from the lower Ord and drains of the ORIA. Very high concentrations were also found in the livers.

The study also detected trace levels of camphechlor and heptachlor but concentrations of these OCs were orders of magnitude lower than p,p-DDE levels.

Concentrations of p,p-DDE in visceral fat and livers of freshwater crocodiles collected from ORIA drains and the Ord River downstream of the ORIA.

Lower Ord: DDE in visceral ng/g fresh weight - ~28 000 (mean), ~66 000 (max)

Lower Ord: DDE in liver ng/g fresh weight - ~500 (mean), ~3200 (max)

ORIA: DDE in visceral ng/g fresh weight - ~14 000 (mean), ~33 000 (max)

ORIA: DDE in liver ng/g fresh weight - ~3000 (mean), ~8000 (max)

Source Yoshikane et al 2006

Concentrations have been converted from ng/g lipid to fresh weight using lipid concentrations reported by authors.

Significantly higher levels of DDT have also been found in freshwater crocodiles collected in the ORIA (Yoshikane et al. 2006, see Table 9). Levels of DDT in saltwater crocodiles were lower than in freshwater crocodiles, and high levels of DDT are not expected to be found in freshwater crocodiles from locations away from the ORIA.

Median concentration of DDT in freshwater crocodile in the ORIA drains and downstream of the ORIA and the maximum allowable daily consumption (kg) for adults

Lower Ord

Crocodile visceral fat: 28 200 (mean concentration of DDT in crocodile sample ng/g fresh weight). Tolerable daily intake of foodstuff for adults weighing 60 and 80 kg: 0.02 (60kg), 0.03 (80 kg)

Crocodile liver: 507 (mean concentration of DDT in crocodile sample ng/g fresh weight). Tolerable daily intake of foodstuff for adults weighing 60 and 80 kg: 1.2 (60kg), 1.6 (80 kg)

Ord drains

Crocodile visceral fat: 13 548 (mean concentration of DDT in crocodile sample ng/g fresh weight). Tolerable daily intake of foodstuff for adults weighing 60 and 80 kg: 0.04 (60kg), 0.06 (80 kg)

Crocodile liver: 3023 (mean concentration of DDT in crocodile sample ng/g fresh weight). Tolerable daily intake of foodstuff for adults weighing 60 and 80 kg: 0.2 (60kg), 0.27 (80 kg)

Pesticide concentrations in fish today are an order of magnitude lower than levels measured by GCL in 1979. The median concentration of DDT in fish muscle sampled in the lower Ord River near the ORIA in the 1970s was 420 ng/g, with a maximum level of 8800 ng/g recorded in a bony bream. The median concentration of DDT in fish flesh sampled from the ORIA in this survey was 6.7ng/g (fresh weight) which represents two orders of magnitude reduction in DDT levels over a period of 30 years.

P 15/17 Assessment of pesticides in aquatic organisms – Ord River WA Water resource technical series Report no. 40 October 2008 Government of Western Australia Department of Water/Australian Government

Results of this survey compared with other recent studies in the ORIA.

A recent study of organochlorines in freshwater and saltwater crocodiles in the Ord River (Yoshikane et al. 2006) also found very high levels of DDT congeners (mainly p,p-DDE). Visceral fat and liver samples from specimens collected in the Upper Ord, the ORIA and the lower Ord were analysed for a wide range of organochlorines. The highest concentrations of DDE were found in the visceral fat of freshwater crocodiles collected from the lower Ord and drains of the ORIA. Very high concentrations were also found in the livers.

The study also detected trace levels of camphechlor and heptachlor but concentrations of these OCs were orders of magnitude lower than p,p-DDE levels.

Concentrations of p,p-DDE in visceral fat and livers of freshwater crocodiles collected from ORIA drains and the Ord River downstream of the ORIA.

Lower Ord: DDE in visceral ng/g fresh weight – ~28 000 (mean), ~66 000 (max)

Lower Ord: DDE in liver ng/g fresh weight – ~500 (mean), ~3200 (max)

ORIA: DDE in visceral ng/g fresh weight – ~14 000 (mean), ~33 000 (max)

ORIA: DDE in liver ng/g fresh weight – ~3000 (mean), ~8000 (max)

Source Yoshikane et al 2006

Concentrations have been converted from ng/g lipid to fresh weight using lipid concentrations reported by authors.

Significantly higher levels of DDT have also been found in freshwater crocodiles collected in the ORIA (Yoshikane et al. 2006, see Table 9). Levels of DDT in saltwater crocodiles were lower than in freshwater crocodiles, and high levels of DDT are not expected to be found in freshwater crocodiles from locations away from the ORIA.

Median concentration of DDT in freshwater crocodile in the ORIA drains and downstream of the ORIA and the maximum allowable daily consumption (kg) for adults

Lower Ord

Crocodile visceral fat: 28 200 (mean concentration of DDT in crocodile sample ng/g fresh weight). Tolerable daily intake of foodstuff for adults weighing 60 and 80 kg: 0.02 (60kg), 0.03 (80 kg)

Crocodile liver: 507 (mean concentration of DDT in crocodile sample ng/g fresh weight). Tolerable daily intake of foodstuff for adults weighing 60 and 80 kg: 1.2 (60kg), 1.6 (80 kg)

Ord drains

Crocodile visceral fat: 13 548 (mean concentration of DDT in crocodile sample ng/g fresh weight). Tolerable daily intake of foodstuff for adults weighing 60 and 80 kg: 0.04 (60kg), 0.06 (80 kg)

Crocodile liver: 3023 (mean concentration of DDT in crocodile sample ng/g fresh weight). Tolerable daily intake of foodstuff for adults weighing 60 and 80 kg: 0.2 (60kg), 0.27 (80 kg)

Pesticide concentrations in fish today are an order of magnitude lower than levels measured by GCL in 1979. The median concentration of DDT in fish muscle sampled in the lower Ord River near the ORIA in the 1970s was 420 ng/g, with a maximum level of 8800 ng/g recorded in a bony bream. The median concentration of DDT in fish flesh sampled from the ORIA in this survey was 6.7ng/g (fresh weight) which represents two orders of magnitude reduction in DDT levels over a period of 30 years.

P 15/17 Assessment of pesticides in aquatic organisms – Ord River WA Water resource technical series Report no. 40 October 2008 Government of Western Australia Department of Water/Australian Government

2011 April: Girraween (NSW) Du Pont Spray Drift. Pesticide: Metsulfuron Methyl

In April 2011 vegetation and trees within one kilometre of an area near Magowar Road,

Girraween suffered symptoms of dieback. An initial investigation by the Environment ProtectionAuthority (EPA) found that the dieback was due to a herbicide, called Metsulfuron

-methyl. Thistype of herbicide is manufactured by Du Pont (Australia) Ltd at 179 Magowar Road, Girraween.

 

The EPA and the Ministry of Health assessed the impact and advised affected residents that

the herbicide identified was of very low toxicity to humans. After an extensive investigation, theEPA commenced a prosecution of Du Pont in the Land and Environment Court over the

incident.

 

As a result of the herbicide incident, a number of large trees in the area died and posed a riskto local residents. On 23 November 2011, NSW Minister for the Environment, Robyn Parker,announced that the government had authorised funding of up to $200,000 from the

Environmental Trust's Emergency Clean Up and Orphan Waste fundto assist in the removal ofa number of large and dangerous trees.

 

https://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/pollution/girraween.htm

 

https://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/resources/pollution/TreeDiebackGirraween.pdf

In April 2011 vegetation and trees within one kilometre of an area near Magowar Road,

Girraween suffered symptoms of dieback. An initial investigation by the Environment ProtectionAuthority (EPA) found that the dieback was due to a herbicide, called Metsulfuron

-methyl. Thistype of herbicide is manufactured by Du Pont (Australia) Ltd at 179 Magowar Road, Girraween.

The EPA and the Ministry of Health assessed the impact and advised affected residents that

the herbicide identified was of very low toxicity to humans. After an extensive investigation, theEPA commenced a prosecution of Du Pont in the Land and Environment Court over the

incident.

As a result of the herbicide incident, a number of large trees in the area died and posed a riskto local residents. On 23 November 2011, NSW Minister for the Environment, Robyn Parker,announced that the government had authorised funding of up to $200,000 from the

Environmental Trust’s Emergency Clean Up and Orphan Waste fundto assist in the removal ofa number of large and dangerous trees.

https://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/pollution/girraween.htm

Also see: https://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/resources/pollution/TreeDiebackGirraween.pdf

2009: Spray Drift Cotton – MacIntyre Valley. Pesticide: 2,4-D

EPA reminds landholders about herbicide drift

Environment Protection Authority

5/11/2013

The NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) is reminding landholders about the risk of herbicide drift, especially when spraying phenoxyl based herbicides, during hot and windy weather.

EPA North Director, Gary Davey, said pesticide products containing phenoxyl such as 2,4-D can cause extensive damage to non-target crops, including cotton, grapes, tomatoes, oilseed and ornamentals. Spray drift can also cause considerable environmental damage to native vegetation, waterways and wildlife.

“Herbicides are an important part of agriculture, however, the misuse or mishandling of these chemicals can pose a danger to the community, environment and impact on agricultural enterprises”, said Mr Davey.

“For example, there was significant impact on cotton crops in the Namoi Valley between Narrabri and Wee Waa in late 2012 and in the MacIntyre Valley between Mungindi and Boomi in 2009.

“The emergence of broad-leafed weeds after the wheat harvest is usually a trigger for an increase in herbicide use to control these weeds.

“Landholders should carefully check the weather conditions prior to and during spraying and should be aware of their responsibilities when using herbicides. Anyone using herbicides should read the container labels carefully and it is a legal requirement to follow all directions.

“The EPA checks the records of landowners using these herbicides, including chemical applications and training records. Records must be kept to demonstrate that the herbicides were used responsibly. These records provide vital information if problems occur.

“In addition to following instructions and keeping records, we recommend that landholders should follow online guides and decision-making tools, use weather stations to confirm local conditions and use a GPS to log their operations.

“The EPA has a range of regulatory tools available in response to misuse including formal warnings, penalty notices and, for serious cases, prosecution for those who don’t do the right thing”.

The EPA encourages the reporting of alleged herbicide and pesticide misuse to the EPA Environment Line on ph: 131 555. Anyone making a report should describe what they see, smell or hear and note the time and weather conditions, if possible. These details will assist with any investigations.

https://medianet.com.au/releases/release-details?id=788095

EPA reminds landholders about herbicide drift

Environment Protection Authority

5/11/2013

The NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) is reminding landholders about the risk of herbicide drift, especially when spraying phenoxyl based herbicides, during hot and windy weather.

EPA North Director, Gary Davey, said pesticide products containing phenoxyl such as 2,4-D can cause extensive damage to non-target crops, including cotton, grapes, tomatoes, oilseed and ornamentals. Spray drift can also cause considerable environmental damage to native vegetation, waterways and wildlife.

“Herbicides are an important part of agriculture, however, the misuse or mishandling of these chemicals can pose a danger to the community, environment and impact on agricultural enterprises”, said Mr Davey.

“For example, there was significant impact on cotton crops in the Namoi Valley between Narrabri and Wee Waa in late 2012 and in the MacIntyre Valley between Mungindi and Boomi in 2009.

“The emergence of broad-leafed weeds after the wheat harvest is usually a trigger for an increase in herbicide use to control these weeds.

“Landholders should carefully check the weather conditions prior to and during spraying and should be aware of their responsibilities when using herbicides. Anyone using herbicides should read the container labels carefully and it is a legal requirement to follow all directions.

“The EPA checks the records of landowners using these herbicides, including chemical applications and training records. Records must be kept to demonstrate that the herbicides were used responsibly. These records provide vital information if problems occur.

“In addition to following instructions and keeping records, we recommend that landholders should follow online guides and decision-making tools, use weather stations to confirm local conditions and use a GPS to log their operations.

“The EPA has a range of regulatory tools available in response to misuse including formal warnings, penalty notices and, for serious cases, prosecution for those who don’t do the right thing”.

The EPA encourages the reporting of alleged herbicide and pesticide misuse to the EPA Environment Line on ph: 131 555. Anyone making a report should describe what they see, smell or hear and note the time and weather conditions, if possible. These details will assist with any investigations.

https://medianet.com.au/releases/release-details?id=788095

2012: Namoi Valley – Spray Drift Cotton. Pesticide: 2,4-D

EPA reminds landholders about herbicide drift

Environment Protection Authority

5/11/2013

The NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) is reminding landholders about the risk of herbicide drift, especially when spraying phenoxyl based herbicides, during hot and windy weather.

EPA North Director, Gary Davey, said pesticide products containing phenoxyl such as 2,4-D can cause extensive damage to non-target crops, including cotton, grapes, tomatoes, oilseed and ornamentals. Spray drift can also cause considerable environmental damage to native vegetation, waterways and wildlife.

“Herbicides are an important part of agriculture, however, the misuse or mishandling of these chemicals can pose a danger to the community, environment and impact on agricultural enterprises”, said Mr Davey.

“For example, there was significant impact on cotton crops in the Namoi Valley between Narrabri and Wee Waa in late 2012 and in the MacIntyre Valley between Mungindi and Boomi in 2009.

“The emergence of broad-leafed weeds after the wheat harvest is usually a trigger for an increase in herbicide use to control these weeds.

“Landholders should carefully check the weather conditions prior to and during spraying and should be aware of their responsibilities when using herbicides. Anyone using herbicides should read the container labels carefully and it is a legal requirement to follow all directions.

“The EPA checks the records of landowners using these herbicides, including chemical applications and training records. Records must be kept to demonstrate that the herbicides were used responsibly. These records provide vital information if problems occur.

“In addition to following instructions and keeping records, we recommend that landholders should follow online guides and decision-making tools, use weather stations to confirm local conditions and use a GPS to log their operations.

“The EPA has a range of regulatory tools available in response to misuse including formal warnings, penalty notices and, for serious cases, prosecution for those who don’t do the right thing”.

The EPA encourages the reporting of alleged herbicide and pesticide misuse to the EPA Environment Line on ph: 131 555. Anyone making a report should describe what they see, smell or hear and note the time and weather conditions, if possible. These details will assist with any investigations.

https://medianet.com.au/releases/release-details?id=788095

EPA reminds landholders about herbicide drift

Environment Protection Authority

5/11/2013

The NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) is reminding landholders about the risk of herbicide drift, especially when spraying phenoxyl based herbicides, during hot and windy weather.

EPA North Director, Gary Davey, said pesticide products containing phenoxyl such as 2,4-D can cause extensive damage to non-target crops, including cotton, grapes, tomatoes, oilseed and ornamentals. Spray drift can also cause considerable environmental damage to native vegetation, waterways and wildlife.

“Herbicides are an important part of agriculture, however, the misuse or mishandling of these chemicals can pose a danger to the community, environment and impact on agricultural enterprises”, said Mr Davey.

“For example, there was significant impact on cotton crops in the Namoi Valley between Narrabri and Wee Waa in late 2012 and in the MacIntyre Valley between Mungindi and Boomi in 2009.

“The emergence of broad-leafed weeds after the wheat harvest is usually a trigger for an increase in herbicide use to control these weeds.

“Landholders should carefully check the weather conditions prior to and during spraying and should be aware of their responsibilities when using herbicides. Anyone using herbicides should read the container labels carefully and it is a legal requirement to follow all directions.

“The EPA checks the records of landowners using these herbicides, including chemical applications and training records. Records must be kept to demonstrate that the herbicides were used responsibly. These records provide vital information if problems occur.

“In addition to following instructions and keeping records, we recommend that landholders should follow online guides and decision-making tools, use weather stations to confirm local conditions and use a GPS to log their operations.

“The EPA has a range of regulatory tools available in response to misuse including formal warnings, penalty notices and, for serious cases, prosecution for those who don’t do the right thing”.

The EPA encourages the reporting of alleged herbicide and pesticide misuse to the EPA Environment Line on ph: 131 555. Anyone making a report should describe what they see, smell or hear and note the time and weather conditions, if possible. These details will assist with any investigations.

https://medianet.com.au/releases/release-details?id=788095

2010 July: $467,000 awarded in Spray Drift Case (Qld). Pesticides: Metsulfuron Methyl, Triclopyr, Picloram

Damages awarded for spray drift case

Tuesday, 06/07/2010 ABC Rural Queensland

A southern Queensland cotton farmer has been awarded $467,000 in damages after spray drift killed his crop.

The decision was handed down in the Supreme Court in Brisbane against Meandarra Aerial and Lachlan Hill.

They had applied chemical from an aircraft to kill wattle trees on a property almost 20 kilometres away from Condamine cotton grower Ash Geldard.

"We had some yellowing developing in our cotton that we had never seen before and as time moved on it became more apparent that it was herbicide damage," Mr Geldard says.

He has also had a swipe at the former DPI, now known as DEEDI, for not doing enough about punishing people who break the rules.

"History has shown that hey have taken virtually no action in Queensland against any breaches of their legislation.

"It sends a pretty ordinary message to the people who do the wrong thing."

Cotton Australia CEO Adam Kay has shared his concerns at the lack of follow up from state departments.

"We certainly have problems in New South Wales and Queensland with these control of use agencies.

"They seem to have real problems in following through on prosecutions," he says.

The pilot and owner of the aerial company based in Meandarra has refused an interview with the ABC.

The Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation had not replied to the Country Hour but says it will issue a written statement.

https://www.abc.net.au/site-archive/rural/qld/content/2010/07/s2946197.htm

Supreme Court - Trial Division

 

GEJ & MA Geldard Pty Ltd v DN Mobbs & Ors [2010] QSC 220 (07/2773) Ann Lyons J 23/06/2010

Full-text: QSC10-220.pdf

Catchwords

TORTS – NEGLIGENCE – ESSENTIALS OF ACTION FOR NEGLIGENCE – DUTY OF CARE – REASONABLE FORESEEABILITY OF DAMAGE – Where the plaintiff grows cotton crops on properties 20 kms south of the first defendant’s cattle properties – where the sixth and eighth defendants carried out aerial spraying of herbicides to control wattle trees on the first defendant’s cattle properties in December 2005 – where subsequent to the aerial spraying the plaintiff’s cotton crops began showing adverse symptoms including yellowing, discolouration, deformity and crinkling – where the herbicide sprayed was “off label” – where the weather conditions during the aerial spraying included high winds, low humidity and high temperatures – where the pilots logged significantly different weather conditions to the local weather stations on that day – where varying accounts exist as to the release height of the aerial spraying – where various experts tendered reports as to the possibility of spray drift causing the crop damage – whether an amount of herbicide reached the plaintiff’s properties – whether the herbicide caused damage to the plaintiff’s cotton crops – whether the sixth and eighth defendants could have reasonably foreseen that aerial spraying in the particular circumstances would cause damage to the plaintiff’s crops – whether the sixth and eighth defendants are liable in negligence for the damage caused.

https://www.sclqld.org.au/caselaw/QSC/2010/220

Damages awarded for spray drift case

Tuesday, 06/07/2010 ABC Rural Queensland

A southern Queensland cotton farmer has been awarded $467,000 in damages after spray drift killed his crop.

The decision was handed down in the Supreme Court in Brisbane against Meandarra Aerial and Lachlan Hill.

They had applied chemical from an aircraft to kill wattle trees on a property almost 20 kilometres away from Condamine cotton grower Ash Geldard.

“We had some yellowing developing in our cotton that we had never seen before and as time moved on it became more apparent that it was herbicide damage,” Mr Geldard says.

He has also had a swipe at the former DPI, now known as DEEDI, for not doing enough about punishing people who break the rules.

“History has shown that hey have taken virtually no action in Queensland against any breaches of their legislation.

“It sends a pretty ordinary message to the people who do the wrong thing.”

Cotton Australia CEO Adam Kay has shared his concerns at the lack of follow up from state departments.

“We certainly have problems in New South Wales and Queensland with these control of use agencies.

“They seem to have real problems in following through on prosecutions,” he says.

The pilot and owner of the aerial company based in Meandarra has refused an interview with the ABC.

The Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation had not replied to the Country Hour but says it will issue a written statement.

https://www.abc.net.au/site-archive/rural/qld/content/2010/07/s2946197.htm

Supreme Court – Trial Division

GEJ & MA Geldard Pty Ltd v DN Mobbs & Ors [2010] QSC 220 (07/2773) Ann Lyons J 23/06/2010

Full-text: QSC10-220.pdf

Catchwords

TORTS – NEGLIGENCE – ESSENTIALS OF ACTION FOR NEGLIGENCE – DUTY OF CARE – REASONABLE FORESEEABILITY OF DAMAGE – Where the plaintiff grows cotton crops on properties 20 kms south of the first defendant’s cattle properties – where the sixth and eighth defendants carried out aerial spraying of herbicides to control wattle trees on the first defendant’s cattle properties in December 2005 – where subsequent to the aerial spraying the plaintiff’s cotton crops began showing adverse symptoms including yellowing, discolouration, deformity and crinkling – where the herbicide sprayed was “off label” – where the weather conditions during the aerial spraying included high winds, low humidity and high temperatures – where the pilots logged significantly different weather conditions to the local weather stations on that day – where varying accounts exist as to the release height of the aerial spraying – where various experts tendered reports as to the possibility of spray drift causing the crop damage – whether an amount of herbicide reached the plaintiff’s properties – whether the herbicide caused damage to the plaintiff’s cotton crops – whether the sixth and eighth defendants could have reasonably foreseen that aerial spraying in the particular circumstances would cause damage to the plaintiff’s crops – whether the sixth and eighth defendants are liable in negligence for the damage caused.

https://www.sclqld.org.au/caselaw/QSC/2010/220

2013 January: Moree Spray Drift Damage: Pesticide 2,4-D

EPA investigates spray drift damage
Jan. 31, 2013, Moree Champion

Spray affected plants in John Jackson's garden.

The Environment Protection Authority (EPA) is investigating a report of damage to a private garden caused by potential herbicide spray drift east of Moree.

EPA north branch director Gary Davey said the authority was conducting a comprehensive investigation and had inspected the site.

“It is believed that the incident may involve a phenoxy herbicide (such as 2,4-D) and the EPA will be looking into this,” Mr Davey said.

Unfortunately it is not the first time this particular garden has been struck.

John Jackson said it was first hit in 2009 and after replacing a number of plants the garden was again wiped out by chemical last year.

This included 80 roses of particular sentimental value to Mr Jackson.

“Those roses were planted for my late wife and I’s 40th wedding anniversary. It was a memorial to her, and now it’s just wrecked.”

Mr Jackson and his wife, Maureen, started the garden from a bare block in 1978 and continued to work on it, even until now, to get it to the stage it is.

The garden has been a private oasis for the Jacksons, and has even been opened for public events.

“It’s just so depressing,” Mr Jackson said.

“I replaced roses last year that have just sat and done nothing because of the chemical in the soil. The trees are getting it too and carrying the chemical down to the root and into the soil.

“Everyone told me to plant alternatives, so I did, and now they’ve been hit too.

“The garden at this stage should be powering along, not hard to look after.

“It just shouldn’t happen,” Mr Jackson said.

“Obviously someone is not doing their homework and not spraying in the right conditions.

“It’s near impossible to tell where it’s coming from because it could be drifting for miles,” he said.

Mr Davey said it was critical that users of agricultural herbicides were aware of their responsibilities and ensured their actions didn’t impact on others.

“It is a legal requirement to always read herbicide container labels carefully and follow all directions,” he said.

“Phenoxy herbicides can spread for many kilometres if sprayed in unsuitable conditions. “Many plants are highly sensitive to phenoxy herbicides and the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority has placed a ‘no-spray window’ on the high volatility 2,4-D esters between September 1 and April 30.”

Mr Davey urged people to carefully consider weather conditions before spraying.

“If you are uncertain, then spray at another time when conditions are right. This will protect the local community and the environment.”

The EPA encourages people to report alleged pesticide misuse to the them on the Environment Line on 131 555. People making a report should advise of what they see, smell or hear and note the time and weather conditions, if possible. These details will assist with any investigations.

https://www.moreechampion.com.au/story/1270182/epa-investigates-spray-drift-damage/

EPA investigates spray drift damage
Jan. 31, 2013, Moree Champion

Spray affected plants in John Jackson’s garden.

The Environment Protection Authority (EPA) is investigating a report of damage to a private garden caused by potential herbicide spray drift east of Moree.

EPA north branch director Gary Davey said the authority was conducting a comprehensive investigation and had inspected the site.

“It is believed that the incident may involve a phenoxy herbicide (such as 2,4-D) and the EPA will be looking into this,” Mr Davey said.

Unfortunately it is not the first time this particular garden has been struck.

John Jackson said it was first hit in 2009 and after replacing a number of plants the garden was again wiped out by chemical last year.

This included 80 roses of particular sentimental value to Mr Jackson.

“Those roses were planted for my late wife and I’s 40th wedding anniversary. It was a memorial to her, and now it’s just wrecked.”

Mr Jackson and his wife, Maureen, started the garden from a bare block in 1978 and continued to work on it, even until now, to get it to the stage it is.

The garden has been a private oasis for the Jacksons, and has even been opened for public events.

“It’s just so depressing,” Mr Jackson said.

“I replaced roses last year that have just sat and done nothing because of the chemical in the soil. The trees are getting it too and carrying the chemical down to the root and into the soil.

“Everyone told me to plant alternatives, so I did, and now they’ve been hit too.

“The garden at this stage should be powering along, not hard to look after.

“It just shouldn’t happen,” Mr Jackson said.

“Obviously someone is not doing their homework and not spraying in the right conditions.

“It’s near impossible to tell where it’s coming from because it could be drifting for miles,” he said.

Mr Davey said it was critical that users of agricultural herbicides were aware of their responsibilities and ensured their actions didn’t impact on others.

“It is a legal requirement to always read herbicide container labels carefully and follow all directions,” he said.

“Phenoxy herbicides can spread for many kilometres if sprayed in unsuitable conditions. “Many plants are highly sensitive to phenoxy herbicides and the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority has placed a ‘no-spray window’ on the high volatility 2,4-D esters between September 1 and April 30.”

Mr Davey urged people to carefully consider weather conditions before spraying.

“If you are uncertain, then spray at another time when conditions are right. This will protect the local community and the environment.”

The EPA encourages people to report alleged pesticide misuse to the them on the Environment Line on 131 555. People making a report should advise of what they see, smell or hear and note the time and weather conditions, if possible. These details will assist with any investigations.

https://www.moreechampion.com.au/story/1270182/epa-investigates-spray-drift-damage/

2015 January: Sandy Flat (NSW) Spray Drift. Pesticide: 2,4-D

Million dollar disaster forces EPA to act on sprays By Matthew Purcell
Jan. 7, 2015,

ONE farmer’s bout with harmful herbicide is being used as a cautionary tale after the NSW Environment Protection Authority issued a warning of drift impacts.

A Sandy Flat tomato grower’s crop was decimated earlier this year following a nearby farms use of 2, 4-D herbicides.

The EPA has urged farmer’s to be more mindful when utilising particular sprays on or around sensitive crops.

Grower, Rodney Haynes, has been left to count the million dollar damage to his production following the incident.

Mr Haynes urged people to take care when spraying crops but conceded he may just be an unfortunate case.

“I’ve been there for 12 years and this is the first time there has been an issue – it’s surprising the damage that the chemicals can do,” he said.

He was able to pick a portion of the crop but said the herbicides had severely hampered his production yield and the quality of the crop.

The EPA’s Manager Armidale Region, Simon Smith, says some crops are very vulnerable to particular herbicides and can be damaged as a result of unintended herbicide drift.

“Be aware of your neighbours and be aware of weather conditions when spraying weeds because tomatoes, grape vines and other crops are highly sensitive to 2, 4-D herbicides, as are some common pasture species,” Mr Smith said.
See your ad here

The Environment Protection Authority has completed its investigation into the damage done to the Tenterfield crop last year.

“While soil, water and vegetation testing failed to find conclusive evidence, the crop damage was consistent with damage caused by 2, 4-D spray drift,” Mr Smith said.

“As well as causing major economic damage, herbicide drift can also potentially put people’s health at risk.”

"What we are seeing is an expansion of vegetable crops and also grapevines particularly in the Tenterfield area.

“That means the risk of impacting these sensitive crops will increase if pesticides are not used properly or used in the wrong conditions,” he said.

The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) have banned the use of high volatile ester as of August 31 and the EPA is also urging landholders to lawfully dispose of any remaining stocks.

https://www.tenterfieldstar.com.au/story/2802510/million-dollar-disaster-forces-epa-to-act-on-sprays/

Million dollar disaster forces EPA to act on sprays By Matthew Purcell
Jan. 7, 2015,

ONE farmer’s bout with harmful herbicide is being used as a cautionary tale after the NSW Environment Protection Authority issued a warning of drift impacts.

A Sandy Flat tomato grower’s crop was decimated earlier this year following a nearby farms use of 2, 4-D herbicides.

The EPA has urged farmer’s to be more mindful when utilising particular sprays on or around sensitive crops.

Grower, Rodney Haynes, has been left to count the million dollar damage to his production following the incident.

Mr Haynes urged people to take care when spraying crops but conceded he may just be an unfortunate case.

“I’ve been there for 12 years and this is the first time there has been an issue – it’s surprising the damage that the chemicals can do,” he said.

He was able to pick a portion of the crop but said the herbicides had severely hampered his production yield and the quality of the crop.

The EPA’s Manager Armidale Region, Simon Smith, says some crops are very vulnerable to particular herbicides and can be damaged as a result of unintended herbicide drift.

“Be aware of your neighbours and be aware of weather conditions when spraying weeds because tomatoes, grape vines and other crops are highly sensitive to 2, 4-D herbicides, as are some common pasture species,” Mr Smith said.
See your ad here

The Environment Protection Authority has completed its investigation into the damage done to the Tenterfield crop last year.

“While soil, water and vegetation testing failed to find conclusive evidence, the crop damage was consistent with damage caused by 2, 4-D spray drift,” Mr Smith said.

“As well as causing major economic damage, herbicide drift can also potentially put people’s health at risk.”

“What we are seeing is an expansion of vegetable crops and also grapevines particularly in the Tenterfield area.

“That means the risk of impacting these sensitive crops will increase if pesticides are not used properly or used in the wrong conditions,” he said.

The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) have banned the use of high volatile ester as of August 31 and the EPA is also urging landholders to lawfully dispose of any remaining stocks.

https://www.tenterfieldstar.com.au/story/2802510/million-dollar-disaster-forces-epa-to-act-on-sprays/

1982: Lerderderg River. Pesticide detected: DDE

Lerderderg River

DDE 10ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments (Werribee & Little River Catchments)
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

Lerderderg River

DDE 10ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments (Werribee & Little River Catchments)
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

1982: Werribbee River (Woolpack Road). Pesticide detected: DDE

Werribee River Woolpack Road

DDE 10ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments (Werribee & Little River Catchments)
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

Werribee River Woolpack Road

DDE 10ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments (Werribee & Little River Catchments)
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

1982: Werribee River. Pesticides: DDT, DDE, TDE

Werribee River Downstream of Lerderderg Confluence

DDT 6700ug/L

DDE 500ug/L

TDE 5500ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments (Werribee & Little River Catchments)
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

Werribee River Downstream of Lerderderg Confluence

DDT 6700ug/L

DDE 500ug/L

TDE 5500ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments (Werribee & Little River Catchments)
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

1982: Little River Estuary. Pesticide detected: DDE

Little River Estuary below MMBW Farm discharge point

DDE 10ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments (Werribee & Little River Catchments)
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

Little River Estuary below MMBW Farm discharge point

DDE 10ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments (Werribee & Little River Catchments)
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

1982: Werribee Irrigation District. Drain 5 Outfall. Pesticides detected: TDE, DDT

Werribee Irrigation District, Drain 5 Outfall

TDE 1400 ug/L,

DDT 10ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments (Werribee & Little River Catchments)
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

Werribee Irrigation District, Drain 5 Outfall

TDE 1400 ug/L,

DDT 10ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments (Werribee & Little River Catchments)
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

1980 July – 1981 May. Yarra River below Yering Gorge. Pesticides detected: DDE, DDT, Dieldrin, Lindane, 2,4-D, Malathion

Yarra River Below Yering Gorge,

DDE detected; 2/7/80 0.01ug/L

DDT detected; 2/7/80 0.01ug/L, 17/7/80 0.007ug/L

Dieldrin detected; 29/10/80 0.02ug/L, 26/11/80 0.02ug/L

Lindane detected; 1/10/80 0.002ug/L

2,4-D detected; 13/8/80 1.1ug/L.

Malathion detected; 26/11/80 2.6ug/L

Sediment analysis.

DDE detected; 30/7/80 0.02ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 15/5/81 0.02ug/L

Dieldrin detected; 23/12/81 0.01ug/L, 15/5/81 0.01ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

Yarra River Below Yering Gorge,

DDE detected; 2/7/80 0.01ug/L

DDT detected; 2/7/80 0.01ug/L, 17/7/80 0.007ug/L

Dieldrin detected; 29/10/80 0.02ug/L, 26/11/80 0.02ug/L

Lindane detected; 1/10/80 0.002ug/L

2,4-D detected; 13/8/80 1.1ug/L.

Malathion detected; 26/11/80 2.6ug/L

Sediment analysis.

DDE detected; 30/7/80 0.02ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 15/5/81 0.02ug/L

Dieldrin detected; 23/12/81 0.01ug/L, 15/5/81 0.01ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

1980 July – 1981 May: Olinda Creek. Pesticides detected: DDE, Dieldrin, 2,4,5-T, TDE, DDT

Off York Road, Olinda Creek

DDE detected; 2/7/80 0.01ug/L

Dieldrin detected; 17/7/80 0.01ug/L, 26/11/80 0.02ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L

2,4,5-T detected; 10/12/80 0.5ug/L

Organophosphorus peaks? identifed 10/12/80, 21/1/81

Sediment analysis.

DDE detected; 30/7/80 0.04ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 15/5/81 0.02ug/L

TDE detected; 30/7/80 0.01ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L

DDT detected; 30/7/80 0.03ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L

Dieldrin detected; 15/5/81 0.04ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

Off York Road, Olinda Creek

DDE detected; 2/7/80 0.01ug/L

Dieldrin detected; 17/7/80 0.01ug/L, 26/11/80 0.02ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L

2,4,5-T detected; 10/12/80 0.5ug/L

Organophosphorus peaks? identifed 10/12/80, 21/1/81

Sediment analysis.

DDE detected; 30/7/80 0.04ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 15/5/81 0.02ug/L

TDE detected; 30/7/80 0.01ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L

DDT detected; 30/7/80 0.03ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L

Dieldrin detected; 15/5/81 0.04ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

1980 June – 1981 May: Stringybark Creek. Pesticides detected: TDE, DDE, DDT, Dieldrin

McKillops Roadbridge, Stringybark Creek

TDE detected; 15/10/80 0.03ug/L

DDE detected; 18/6/80 0.01ug/L, 2/7/80 0.01ug/L, 17/7/80 0.002ug/L, 17/9/80 0.01ug/L, 15/10/80 0.02ug/L

DDT detected; 18/6/80 0.02ug/L, 2/7/80 0.04ug/L, 17/7/80 0.007ug/L, 15/10/80 0.08ug/L

Dieldrin detected; 2/7/80 0.02ug/L, 17/7/80 0.01ug/L, 26/11/80 0.02ug/L, 23/12/80 0.02ug/L

Sediment analysis.

DDE detected; 30/7/80 0.05ug/L, 23/12/80 0.03ug/L, 15/5/81 0.03ug/L

TDE detected; 30/7/80 0.07ug/L, 23/12/80 0.03ug/L, 15/5/81 0.02ug/L

DDT detected; 30/7/80 0.08ug/L, 23/12/80 0.06ug/L, 15/5/81 0.04ug/L

Dieldrin detected; 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 15/5/81 0.04ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

McKillops Roadbridge, Stringybark Creek

TDE detected; 15/10/80 0.03ug/L

DDE detected; 18/6/80 0.01ug/L, 2/7/80 0.01ug/L, 17/7/80 0.002ug/L, 17/9/80 0.01ug/L, 15/10/80 0.02ug/L

DDT detected; 18/6/80 0.02ug/L, 2/7/80 0.04ug/L, 17/7/80 0.007ug/L, 15/10/80 0.08ug/L

Dieldrin detected; 2/7/80 0.02ug/L, 17/7/80 0.01ug/L, 26/11/80 0.02ug/L, 23/12/80 0.02ug/L

Sediment analysis.

DDE detected; 30/7/80 0.05ug/L, 23/12/80 0.03ug/L, 15/5/81 0.03ug/L

TDE detected; 30/7/80 0.07ug/L, 23/12/80 0.03ug/L, 15/5/81 0.02ug/L

DDT detected; 30/7/80 0.08ug/L, 23/12/80 0.06ug/L, 15/5/81 0.04ug/L

Dieldrin detected; 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 15/5/81 0.04ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

1980 July – 1981 May: Wandin Yallock Creek. Pesticides detected: TDE, DDE, DDT, Dieldrin, Lindane, 2,4,5-T

Melbourne VIC, Australia

Queens Roadbridge, Wandin Yallock Creek

TDE detected; 17/7/80 0.009ug/L

DDE detected; 2/7/80 0.01ug/L, 17/7/80 0.009ug/L, 17/9/80 0.01ug/L.

DDT detected; 2/7/80 0.02ug/L, 17/7/80 0.03ug/L.

Dieldrin detected; 2/7/80 0.03ug/L, 17/7/80 0.03ug/L, 30/7/80 0.03ug/L, 12/11/80 0.03ug/L

Lindane detected; 17/7/80 0.05ug/L, 30/7/80 0.03ug/L, 27/8/80 0.02ug/L,  17/9/80 0.02ug/L, 15/10/80 0.02ug/L, 26/11/80 0.08ug/L

2,4,5-T detected; 10/12/80 1.3ug/L

Sediment analysis.

DDE detected; 23/12/80 0.02ug/L, 15/5/81 0.02ug/L

TDE detected; 23/12/80 0.02ug/L

DDT detected; 23/12/80 0.04ug/L

Dieldrin detected; 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 15/5/81 0.02ug/L   

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

Queens Roadbridge, Wandin Yallock Creek

TDE detected; 17/7/80 0.009ug/L

DDE detected; 2/7/80 0.01ug/L, 17/7/80 0.009ug/L, 17/9/80 0.01ug/L.

DDT detected; 2/7/80 0.02ug/L, 17/7/80 0.03ug/L.

Dieldrin detected; 2/7/80 0.03ug/L, 17/7/80 0.03ug/L, 30/7/80 0.03ug/L, 12/11/80 0.03ug/L

Lindane detected; 17/7/80 0.05ug/L, 30/7/80 0.03ug/L, 27/8/80 0.02ug/L,  17/9/80 0.02ug/L, 15/10/80 0.02ug/L, 26/11/80 0.08ug/L

2,4,5-T detected; 10/12/80 1.3ug/L

Sediment analysis.

DDE detected; 23/12/80 0.02ug/L, 15/5/81 0.02ug/L

TDE detected; 23/12/80 0.02ug/L

DDT detected; 23/12/80 0.04ug/L

Dieldrin detected; 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 15/5/81 0.02ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

1980 July – 1981 May: Wandin Yallock Creek. Pesticides detected: DDE, DDT, Dieldrin, Lindane, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T

Old Gippsland Roadbridge - Wandin Yallock Creek

DDE detected; 2/7/80 0.01ug/L, 17/7/80 0.004ug/L.

DDT detected; 17/7/80 0.01ug/L.

Dieldrin detected; 17/7/80 0.02ug/L, 30/7/80 0.03ug/L, 17/9/80 0.01ug/L, 29/10/80 0.03ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 4/2/81 0.01ug/L

Lindane detected; 17/7/80 0.03ug/L, 30/7/80 0.02ug/L, 27/8/80 0.01ug/L, 17/9/80 0.02ug/L, 1/10/80 0.008ug/L, 15/10/80 0.01ug/L, 26/11/80 0.04ug/L

2,4-D detected; 10/12/80 0.7ug/L

2,4,5-T detected; 29/10/80 1.1ug/L, 4/3/81 0.32ug/L

Organophosphorus peaks? identifed 2/7/80, 27/8/80, 18/2/81

Sediment analysis.

DDE detected; 30/7/80 0.03ug/L, 23/12/80 0.03ug/L, 15/5/81 0.01ug/L

TDE detected; 30/7/80 0.02ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L

DDT detected; 30/7/80 0.04ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L

Dieldrin detected; 30/7/80 0.02ug/L, 23/12/80 0.02ug/L, 15/5/81 0.05ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments  of streams in agricultural catchments
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

Old Gippsland Roadbridge – Wandin Yallock Creek

DDE detected; 2/7/80 0.01ug/L, 17/7/80 0.004ug/L.

DDT detected; 17/7/80 0.01ug/L.

Dieldrin detected; 17/7/80 0.02ug/L, 30/7/80 0.03ug/L, 17/9/80 0.01ug/L, 29/10/80 0.03ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 4/2/81 0.01ug/L

Lindane detected; 17/7/80 0.03ug/L, 30/7/80 0.02ug/L, 27/8/80 0.01ug/L, 17/9/80 0.02ug/L, 1/10/80 0.008ug/L, 15/10/80 0.01ug/L, 26/11/80 0.04ug/L

2,4-D detected; 10/12/80 0.7ug/L

2,4,5-T detected; 29/10/80 1.1ug/L, 4/3/81 0.32ug/L

Organophosphorus peaks? identifed 2/7/80, 27/8/80, 18/2/81

Sediment analysis.

DDE detected; 30/7/80 0.03ug/L, 23/12/80 0.03ug/L, 15/5/81 0.01ug/L

TDE detected; 30/7/80 0.02ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L

DDT detected; 30/7/80 0.04ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L

Dieldrin detected; 30/7/80 0.02ug/L, 23/12/80 0.02ug/L, 15/5/81 0.05ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments  of streams in agricultural catchments
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

1980 July – 1981 May: Woori Yallock Creek. Pesticides detected: Dieldrin, 2,4,5-T, DDE, TDE, DDT

Warburton Highway Roadbridge - Woori Yallock Creek

Dieldrin detected; 17/7/80 0.02ug/L, 17/7/80 0.02ug/L, 30/7/80 0.03ug/L, 29/10/80 0.02ug/L, 12/11/80 0.03ug/L, 26/11/80 0.02ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 4/2/81 0.03ug/L

2,4,5-T detected; 4/3/81 0.08ug/L

Sediment analysis.

DDE detected; 30/7/80 0.03ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 15/5/81 0.05ug/L

TDE detected; 30/7/80 0.02ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 15/5/81 0.02ug/L

DDT detected; 30/7/80 0.02ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 15/5/81 0.04ug/L

Dieldrin detected; 30/7/80 0.01ug/L, 23/12/80 0.02ug/L, 15/5/81 0.08ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

Warburton Highway Roadbridge – Woori Yallock Creek

Dieldrin detected; 17/7/80 0.02ug/L, 17/7/80 0.02ug/L, 30/7/80 0.03ug/L, 29/10/80 0.02ug/L, 12/11/80 0.03ug/L, 26/11/80 0.02ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 4/2/81 0.03ug/L

2,4,5-T detected; 4/3/81 0.08ug/L

Sediment analysis.

DDE detected; 30/7/80 0.03ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 15/5/81 0.05ug/L

TDE detected; 30/7/80 0.02ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 15/5/81 0.02ug/L

DDT detected; 30/7/80 0.02ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 15/5/81 0.04ug/L

Dieldrin detected; 30/7/80 0.01ug/L, 23/12/80 0.02ug/L, 15/5/81 0.08ug/L

Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments
Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

1980 June – 1981 May: Myers Creek (Toolangi) Vic: Pesticides detected: DDE, DDT, TDE, Dieldrin, Lindane

St. Leonards (Toolangi) Roadbridge:

DDE detected; 18/6/80 0.01ug/L, 17/7/80 0.004ug/L, 17/9/80 0.007ug/L, 23/12/80 0.02ug/L.

DDT detected; 17/7/80 0.01ug/L, 23/12/80 0.03ug/L.

Dieldrin detected; 17/7/80 0.01ug/L, 29/10/80 0.02ug/L, 12/11/80 0.03ug/L.

Lindane detected; 29/10/80 0.02ug/L

Sediment analysis.

DDE detected; 30/7/80 0.01ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 15/5/81 0.05ug/L,

TDE detected; 23/12/80 0.01ug/L,

DDT detected; 23/12/80 0.01ug/L

Dieldrin detected 15/5/81 0.02ug/L

Source: Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments. Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

St. Leonards (Toolangi) Roadbridge:

DDE detected; 18/6/80 0.01ug/L, 17/7/80 0.004ug/L, 17/9/80 0.007ug/L, 23/12/80 0.02ug/L.

DDT detected; 17/7/80 0.01ug/L, 23/12/80 0.03ug/L.

Dieldrin detected; 17/7/80 0.01ug/L, 29/10/80 0.02ug/L, 12/11/80 0.03ug/L.

Lindane detected; 29/10/80 0.02ug/L

Sediment analysis.

DDE detected; 30/7/80 0.01ug/L, 23/12/80 0.01ug/L, 15/5/81 0.05ug/L,

TDE detected; 23/12/80 0.01ug/L,

DDT detected; 23/12/80 0.01ug/L

Dieldrin detected 15/5/81 0.02ug/L

Source: Pilot Survey of pesticide levels in water and sediments of streams in agricultural catchments. Publication No:142 March 1982 Water Quality Branch Environment Protection Authority, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne 3002

2006 – 2014: Wingecarribee Water Filtration Plant. Pesticides: 2,4-D, Tricolopyr (highest Australian reading)

Wingecarribee Water Filtration Plant

2006/7: 2,4-D 0.1ug/L (f)

(f)https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/36268/AWQMR2007_Appendices.pdf

 2007/8: Triclopyr detected in samples taken on 20/8/07 (0.08 mg/L) pD5 – [This remains the highest Triclopyr detection in Australia].

 Triclopyr found inwater samples - 0.3ug/L cf ADWG - Health value 0.01mg/L or 10ug/L ie 1/30 ADWG value. –D6 (f)

(f) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/36267/AWQMR08Apps.pdf

2009/10; 0.07ug/L Triclopyr (max), 0.03ug/L Triclopyr (med) (e)

(e) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/36265/AWQMRapps0910.pdf

17/6/11: On 08/06/2011 a routine water sample was taken from Wingecarribee Reserviorwhich analysis reported on 17/06/2011 detected the herbicide Triclopyr at 0.03 ug/L.The sample was taken at the intake to Wingecarribee Water Treatment Plant, supplied from Wingecarribee Dam... Any detection of this chemical, which is used for weed control inWingecarribee Swamp, is to be declared as a minor incident under the Catchment Operations... On 03/05/2011 a routine water sample was taken from Wingecarribee Reservoir, which analysis reported on the 11/05/2011 detected a level of herbicide Triclopyr at 0.06 ug/L... On 05/04/2011 a routine water sample was taken from Wingecarribee Reservoirand analysis reported on 12/04/2011detected a level of herbicide Triclopyr at 0.04ug/L from the sample taken... On 1/03/2011 a routine water sample was taken from Wingecarribee Reservoir and analysis reported on28/03/2011 it was reported the water monitoring program detected a level of herbicide Triclopyr at 0.03ug/L... On December 14^th 2010 SCA routine water monitoring detected a level of herbicide Triclopyr at 0.04ug/L at the intake to Wingecarribee Water Treatment Plant supplied from Wingecarribee Dam. (d)

(d) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/36264/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2010-11-Final-for-IPART-Appendices.pdf

2011/12: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L (max) (c)

(c) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/36263/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2011-12-Appendices.pdf

2012/13: Triclopyr 0.075ug/L (med), 0.24 (max) (b)

(b) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/44590/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2012-13-Appendices.pdf

2013/14: Triclopyr 0.04ug/L (a)

(a) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/47048/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2013-14.pdf

Wingecarribee Water Filtration Plant

2006/7: 2,4-D 0.1ug/L (f)

(f)https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/36268/AWQMR2007_Appendices.pdf

2007/8: Triclopyr detected in samples taken on 20/8/07 (0.08 mg/L) pD5 – [This remains the highest Triclopyr detection in Australia].

Triclopyr found inwater samples – 0.3ug/L cf ADWG – Health value 0.01mg/L or 10ug/L ie 1/30 ADWG value. –D6 (f)

(f) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/36267/AWQMR08Apps.pdf

2009/10; 0.07ug/L Triclopyr (max), 0.03ug/L Triclopyr (med) (e)

(e) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/36265/AWQMRapps0910.pdf

17/6/11: On 08/06/2011 a routine water sample was taken from Wingecarribee Reserviorwhich analysis reported on 17/06/2011 detected the herbicide Triclopyr at 0.03 ug/L.The sample was taken at the intake to Wingecarribee Water Treatment Plant, supplied from Wingecarribee Dam… Any detection of this chemical, which is used for weed control inWingecarribee Swamp, is to be declared as a minor incident under the Catchment Operations… On 03/05/2011 a routine water sample was taken from Wingecarribee Reservoir, which analysis reported on the 11/05/2011 detected a level of herbicide Triclopyr at 0.06 ug/L… On 05/04/2011 a routine water sample was taken from Wingecarribee Reservoirand analysis reported on 12/04/2011detected a level of herbicide Triclopyr at 0.04ug/L from the sample taken… On 1/03/2011 a routine water sample was taken from Wingecarribee Reservoir and analysis reported on28/03/2011 it was reported the water monitoring program detected a level of herbicide Triclopyr at 0.03ug/L… On December 14^th 2010 SCA routine water monitoring detected a level of herbicide Triclopyr at 0.04ug/L at the intake to Wingecarribee Water Treatment Plant supplied from Wingecarribee Dam. (d)

(d) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/36264/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2010-11-Final-for-IPART-Appendices.pdf

2011/12: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L (max) (c)

(c) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/36263/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2011-12-Appendices.pdf

2012/13: Triclopyr 0.075ug/L (med), 0.24 (max) (b)

(b) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/44590/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2012-13-Appendices.pdf

2013/14: Triclopyr 0.04ug/L (a)

(a) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/47048/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2013-14.pdf

2006/7: Macarthur Water Filtration Plant. Pesticides: 2,4-D

Macarthur Water Filtration Plant

2006/7: 2,4-D 0.14ug/L (f)

(f)https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/36268/AWQMR2007_Appendices.pdf

Macarthur Water Filtration Plant

2006/7: 2,4-D 0.14ug/L (f)

https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/36268/AWQMR2007_Appendices.pdf

2004 – 2006: Illawarra Water Filtration Plant. Pesticides: 2,4-D

Illawarra Water Filtration Plant

2004/05: 2004/05: 2,4-D 0.04ug/L (h)

(h) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/36272/Appendices.pdf

2005/6: 2,4-D 0.04ug/L (g)

(g) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/36271/AWQMR06-appendicies.pdf

Illawarra Water Filtration Plant

2004/05: 2004/05: 2,4-D 0.04ug/L (h)

(h) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/36272/Appendices.pdf

2005/6: 2,4-D 0.04ug/L (g)

(g) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/36271/AWQMR06-appendicies.pdf

2004 – 2007: Cascades Water Filtration Plant (Katoomba): Pesticides 2,4-D, Hexazinone

Cascades Water Filtration Plant

2004/05: 2,4-D 0.02ug/L (h)

(h) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/36272/Appendices.pdf

2005/06: Cascade WFP Hexazinone 0.029ug/L, 2,4-D 0.02ug/L (g)

(g) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/36271/AWQMR06-appendicies.pdf

2006/7: Hexazinone 0.047ug/L (f)

(f)https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/36268/AWQMR2007_Appendices.pdf

Cascades Water Filtration Plant

2004/05: 2,4-D 0.02ug/L (h)

(h) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/36272/Appendices.pdf

2005/06: Cascade WFP Hexazinone 0.029ug/L, 2,4-D 0.02ug/L (g)

(g) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/36271/AWQMR06-appendicies.pdf

2006/7: Hexazinone 0.047ug/L (f)

(f)https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/36268/AWQMR2007_Appendices.pdf

2013 March: Kangaroo Valley Water Filtration Plant. Pesticide: Triclopyr

the herbicide triclopyr was detected in a raw water sample collected on 06 March 2013 at Kangaroo Valley WFP, on 16 May 2013 from the inlet to Nepean WFP, on 24 August 2013 from the inlet to Warragamba WFP and 31October at Prospect WFP. All detections were at a level well below theADWG 2011 health guideline value.

 

p48 Sydney Water - Quarterly Drinking Water Quality Report

 

https://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mdu2/~edisp/dd_056901.pdf

 

Kangaroo Valley Water Filtration Plant

2012/13: Triclopyr 0.02ug/L (max) (b)

(b) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/44590/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2012-13-Appendices.pdf

2013/14: Triclopyr 0.02ug/L (a)

(a) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/47048/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2013-14.pdf

the herbicide triclopyr was detected in a raw water sample collected on 06 March 2013 at Kangaroo Valley WFP, on 16 May 2013 from the inlet to Nepean WFP, on 24 August 2013 from the inlet to Warragamba WFP and 31October at Prospect WFP. All detections were at a level well below theADWG 2011 health guideline value.

p48 Sydney Water – Quarterly Drinking Water Quality Report

https://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mdu2/~edisp/dd_056901.pdf

Kangaroo Valley Water Filtration Plant

2012/13: Triclopyr 0.02ug/L (max) (b)

(b) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/44590/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2012-13-Appendices.pdf

2013/14: Triclopyr 0.02ug/L (a)

(a) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/47048/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2013-14.pdf

2004 – 2013 October: Prospect Water Filtration Plant. Pesticides: Triclopyr, 2,4-D

Prospect Water Filtration Plant

2004/05: 2,4-D 0.01ug/L (h)

(h) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/36272/Appendices.pdf

2005/06: 2,4-D 0.01ug/L (g)

(g) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/36271/AWQMR06-appendicies.pdf

2006/07: 2,4-D 0.0225ug/L (f)

(f)https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/36268/AWQMR2007_Appendices.pdf

2013/14: Triclopyr 0.01ug/L (a)

(a) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/47048/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2013-14.pdf

 

The herbicide triclopyr was detected in a raw water sample collected on 16 May 2013 from the inlet to Nepean WFP, on 24 August 2013 from the inlet to Warragamba WFP and on 31 October at Prospect WFP. All detections were at a level well below the ADWG 2011 health guideline value.

 

Sydney Water. Quarterly Water Quality Report - 1 January 2014 - 31 March 2014

 

https://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mdy2/~edisp/dd_066241.pdf

Prospect Water Filtration Plant

2004/05: 2,4-D 0.01ug/L (h)

(h) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/36272/Appendices.pdf

2005/06: 2,4-D 0.01ug/L (g)

(g) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/36271/AWQMR06-appendicies.pdf

2006/07: 2,4-D 0.0225ug/L (f)

(f)https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/36268/AWQMR2007_Appendices.pdf

2013/14: Triclopyr 0.01ug/L (a)

(a) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/47048/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2013-14.pdf

The herbicide triclopyr was detected in a raw water sample collected on 16 May 2013 from the inlet to Nepean WFP, on 24 August 2013 from the inlet to Warragamba WFP and on 31 October at Prospect WFP. All detections were at a level well below the ADWG 2011 health guideline value.

Sydney Water. Quarterly Water Quality Report – 1 January 2014 – 31 March 2014

https://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mdy2/~edisp/dd_066241.pdf

2014/5 – 2013 August: Warragamba Water Filtration Plant. Pesticide: Triclopyr, Picloram

Picloram detected at 0.11ug/L at site PWFP10 Warragamba System 2014/15

 

https://www.waternsw.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/70829/WaterNSW-Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2014-15-Appendices.pdf

 

The herbicide triclopyr was detected in a raw water sample collected on 18 July 2012 from the inlet to Nepean WFP, from the inlet to Orchard Hills WFP on 25 September2012 and from the inlet to Warragamba WFP on 27 October 2012. All detections were at a level well below the ADWG 2011 health guideline value. None of the otherpesticides / herbicides listed in Table 32 were detected during the 12-month periodfrom 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013.

 

p48: Sydney Water Drinking Water Quality Report 1 Jan 2013 - 31 March 2013

 

https://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mduy/~edisp/dd_052257.pdf

 

The herbicide triclopyr was detected ..  on 16 May 2013 from the inlet to Nepean WFP, and 19 August 2013 from the inlet to Warragamba WFP. All detections were at a level well below the ADWG 2011 health guideline value. None of the other pesticides / herbicides listed in Table 32 were detected during the 12-month period from 1 October 2012 to 30 September 2013.

 

p48: Sydney Water Drinking Water Quality Report 1 July 2013 - 30 September 2013

 

https://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mdu1/~edisp/dd_055501.pdf

Picloram detected at 0.11ug/L at site PWFP10 Warragamba System 2014/15

https://www.waternsw.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/70829/WaterNSW-Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2014-15-Appendices.pdf

The herbicide triclopyr was detected in a raw water sample collected on 18 July 2012 from the inlet to Nepean WFP, from the inlet to Orchard Hills WFP on 25 September2012 and from the inlet to Warragamba WFP on 27 October 2012. All detections were at a level well below the ADWG 2011 health guideline value. None of the otherpesticides / herbicides listed in Table 32 were detected during the 12-month periodfrom 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013.

p48: Sydney Water Drinking Water Quality Report 1 Jan 2013 – 31 March 2013

https://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mduy/~edisp/dd_052257.pdf

The herbicide triclopyr was detected ..  on 16 May 2013 from the inlet to Nepean

WFP, and 19 August 2013 from the inlet to Warragamba WFP. All detections were at

a level well below the ADWG 2011 health guideline value. None of the other

pesticides / herbicides listed in Table 32 were detected during the 12-month period

from 1 October 2012 to 30 September 2013.

p48: Sydney Water Drinking Water Quality Report 1 July 2013 – 30 September 2013

https://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mdu1/~edisp/dd_055501.pdf

Warrangamba Water Filtration Plant

2012/13: Triclopyr 0.01ug/L (b)

(b) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/44590/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2012-13-Appendices.pdf

2012 – 2013: Orchard Hills Water Treatment Facility: Pesticide: Triclopyr

The herbicide triclopyr was detected in a raw water sample collected on 18 July 2012 from the inlet to Nepean WFP, from the inlet to Orchard Hills WFP on 25 September2012 and from the inlet to Warragamba WFP on 27 October 2012. All detections were at a level well below the ADWG 2011 health guideline value. None of the otherpesticides / herbicides listed in Table 32 were detected during the 12-month periodfrom 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013.

 

p48: Sydney Water Drinking Water Quality Report 1 Jan 2013 - 31 March 2013

 

https://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mduy/~edisp/dd_052257.pdf

 

Orchard Hills Water Filtration Plant

2012/13: Inflow: Triclopyr 0.01ug/L (b)

(b) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/44590/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2012-13-Appendices.pdf

The herbicide triclopyr was detected in a raw water sample collected on 18 July 2012 from the inlet to Nepean WFP, from the inlet to Orchard Hills WFP on 25 September2012 and from the inlet to Warragamba WFP on 27 October 2012. All detections were at a level well below the ADWG 2011 health guideline value. None of the otherpesticides / herbicides listed in Table 32 were detected during the 12-month periodfrom 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013.

p48: Sydney Water Drinking Water Quality Report 1 Jan 2013 – 31 March 2013

https://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mduy/~edisp/dd_052257.pdf

Orchard Hills Water Filtration Plant

2012/13: Inflow: Triclopyr 0.01ug/L (b)

(b) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/44590/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2012-13-Appendices.pdf

2006 – 2013 May: Nepean Water Filtration Plant. Pesticide: Triclopyr, 2,4-D

Nepean Water Filtration Plant

2006/7: 2,4-D 0.08 ug/L (f)

(f)https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/36268/AWQMR2007_Appendices.pdf

2011/12: Triclopyr 0.02ug/L (e)

(e) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/36265/AWQMRapps0910.pdf

2012/13: Triclopyr 0.015 ug/L (med), 0.02ug/L (max) (b)

(b) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/44590/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2012-13-Appendices.pdf

2013/14: Triclopyr 0.02ug/L (a)

(a) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/47048/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2013-14.pdf

 

The herbicide triclopyr was detected in a raw water sample collected on 18 July 2012 from the inlet to Nepean WFP, from the inlet to Orchard Hills WFP on 25 September2012 and from the inlet to Warragamba WFP on 27 October 2012. All detections were at a level well below the ADWG 2011 health guideline value. None of the otherpesticides / herbicides listed in Table 32 were detected during the 12-month periodfrom 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013.

 

p48: Sydney Water Drinking Water Quality Report 1 Jan 2013 - 31 March 2013

 

https://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mduy/~edisp/dd_052257.pdf

 

The herbicide triclopyr was detected ..  on 16 May 2013 from the inlet to Nepean WFP, and 19 August 2013 from the inlet to Warragamba WFP. All detections were at a level well below the ADWG 2011 health guideline value. None of the other pesticides / herbicides listed in Table 32 were detected during the 12-month period from 1 October 2012 to 30 September 2013.

 

p48: Sydney Water Drinking Water Quality Report 1 July 2013 - 30 September 2013

 

https://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mdu1/~edisp/dd_055501.pdf

Nepean Water Filtration Plant

2006/7: 2,4-D 0.08 ug/L (f)

(f)https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/36268/AWQMR2007_Appendices.pdf

2011/12: Triclopyr 0.02ug/L (e)

(e) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/36265/AWQMRapps0910.pdf

2012/13: Triclopyr 0.015 ug/L (med), 0.02ug/L (max) (b)

(b) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/44590/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2012-13-Appendices.pdf

2013/14: Triclopyr 0.02ug/L (a)

(a) https://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/47048/Annual-Water-Quality-Monitoring-Report-2013-14.pdf

The herbicide triclopyr was detected in a raw water sample collected on 18 July 2012 from the inlet to Nepean WFP, from the inlet to Orchard Hills WFP on 25 September2012 and from the inlet to Warragamba WFP on 27 October 2012. All detections were at a level well below the ADWG 2011 health guideline value. None of the otherpesticides / herbicides listed in Table 32 were detected during the 12-month periodfrom 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013.

p48: Sydney Water Drinking Water Quality Report 1 Jan 2013 – 31 March 2013

https://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mduy/~edisp/dd_052257.pdf

The herbicide triclopyr was detected ..  on 16 May 2013 from the inlet to Nepean WFP, and 19 August 2013 from the inlet to Warragamba WFP. All detections were at a level well below the ADWG 2011 health guideline value. None of the other pesticides / herbicides listed in Table 32 were detected during the 12-month period from 1 October 2012 to 30 September 2013.

p48: Sydney Water Drinking Water Quality Report 1 July 2013 – 30 September 2013

https://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mdu1/~edisp/dd_055501.pdf

1986 – 1995: Householders for Safe Pesticide Use. Pesticides: Hepatchlor.

The focus of the campaign then shifted to Western Australia. A former forest activist, Naomi Segal, set up the group Householders for Safe Pesticide Use in 1986, in response to her perception of a widespread pesticide problem from use of organochlorines to control termites. She put a small classified advertisement in the newspaper telling people that, if they were treating their houses for termites on an annual basis, they might be doing something not permitted by legislation. She immediately received fifty-five responses. There had been a number of serious incidents, including organochlorine-contaminated eggs from a backyard coop that were well over acceptable limits. In the worst example, a potter had his studio sprayed with heptachlor by a man who had been a licensed operator for twenty years. The application was so overdone that pools of heptachlor were left on the floor; people had to be evacuated from the building, and many became ill. The owner reported this to Segal and the case was one of several examined by an ABC ‘Four Corners’ team soon afterwards, along with numerous other incidents, such as deaths at a pheasant farm and a horse farm, and the high levels of organochlorines measured in mothers’ breast milk.

Public opposition persuaded the WA Environmental Protection Authority in 1988 to review the spraying program against Argentine ants. This concluded that the organochlorine sprays were having more environmental impacts that the ants, and the program was cancelled. In the same year, Greenpeace and Householders organised a joint occupation of the WA Health Department to demand better public information on heptachlor and chlordane. The protesters wrote ‘poison’ with hard-boiled eggs, Householders produced women who had discovered high organochlorine levels in their breast milk (one of whom was prepared to feed her baby on camera), some women came with hens, and one had a basket of contaminated eggs that she wanted to present to the Health Department. The department was not amused, but it soon began enforcing and tightening the legislation. It prosecuted a number of pest controllers who were in breach, and placed newspaper advertisements altering people to the health implications of these chemicals.

In 1989 both the state Labor government and the Liberal opposition gave commitments to banning organochlorines. In that year Housing Minister McGinty banned the spraying of heptachlor in existing buildings, and in 1990 he banned them from new buildings in the state housing sector. Such action persuaded Termi-Mesh, a company that manufactured a physical termite barrier, to set up in Western Australia, and many other followed. This made it more difficult for supporters of organochlorines to argue that there was no viable alternative to their usage in termite control. Over the next five years Segal pursued her campaign tirelessly. She co-operated with the Duggin Committee of the National Health and Medical Research Council, which was investigating the use of organochlorines; she was influential in that committees final report, published in 1992, which stated (somewhat ambiguously) that the chemicals should be banned immediately for existing buildings and later for new ones. This led to a further investigation by the federal government’s National Registration Authority; its report judged that the alternatives to organochlorines were viable and that therefore the chemicals should be banned. This was finally achieved in 1995 everywhere except in the Northern Territory.

P214/215. History of the Environment Movement. Drew Hutton Libby Connors

The focus of the campaign then shifted to Western Australia. A former forest activist, Naomi Segal, set up the group Householders for Safe Pesticide Use in 1986, in response to her perception of a widespread pesticide problem from use of organochlorines to control termites. She put a small classified advertisement in the newspaper telling people that, if they were treating their houses for termites on an annual basis, they might be doing something not permitted by legislation. She immediately received fifty-five responses. There had been a number of serious incidents, including organochlorine-contaminated eggs from a backyard coop that were well over acceptable limits. In the worst example, a potter had his studio sprayed with heptachlor by a man who had been a licensed operator for twenty years. The application was so overdone that pools of heptachlor were left on the floor; people had to be evacuated from the building, and many became ill. The owner reported this to Segal and the case was one of several examined by an ABC ‘Four Corners’ team soon afterwards, along with numerous other incidents, such as deaths at a pheasant farm and a horse farm, and the high levels of organochlorines measured in mothers’ breast milk.

Public opposition persuaded the WA Environmental Protection Authority in 1988 to review the spraying program against Argentine ants. This concluded that the organochlorine sprays were having more environmental impacts that the ants, and the program was cancelled. In the same year, Greenpeace and Householders organised a joint occupation of the WA Health Department to demand better public information on heptachlor and chlordane. The protesters wrote ‘poison’ with hard-boiled eggs, Householders produced women who had discovered high organochlorine levels in their breast milk (one of whom was prepared to feed her baby on camera), some women came with hens, and one had a basket of contaminated eggs that she wanted to present to the Health Department. The department was not amused, but it soon began enforcing and tightening the legislation. It prosecuted a number of pest controllers who were in breach, and placed newspaper advertisements altering people to the health implications of these chemicals.

In 1989 both the state Labor government and the Liberal opposition gave commitments to banning organochlorines. In that year Housing Minister McGinty banned the spraying of heptachlor in existing buildings, and in 1990 he banned them from new buildings in the state housing sector. Such action persuaded Termi-Mesh, a company that manufactured a physical termite barrier, to set up in Western Australia, and many other followed. This made it more difficult for supporters of organochlorines to argue that there was no viable alternative to their usage in termite control. Over the next five years Segal pursued her campaign tirelessly. She co-operated with the Duggin Committee of the National Health and Medical Research Council, which was investigating the use of organochlorines; she was influential in that committees final report, published in 1992, which stated (somewhat ambiguously) that the chemicals should be banned immediately for existing buildings and later for new ones. This led to a further investigation by the federal government’s National Registration Authority; its report judged that the alternatives to organochlorines were viable and that therefore the chemicals should be banned. This was finally achieved in 1995 everywhere except in the Northern Territory.

P214/215. History of the Environment Movement. Drew Hutton Libby Connors

1964 – 1974: Ord River Region. Pesticides: DDT, DDE, Toxaphene

J Environ Monit. 2006 Jun;8(6):649-61. Epub 2006 May 22.

Very high concentrations of DDE and toxaphene residues in crocodiles from the Ord River, Western Australia: an investigation into possible endocrine disruption.

Yoshikane M¹, Kay WR, Shibata Y, Inoue M, Yanai T, Kamata R, Edmonds JS, Morita M.

 

Organochlorine pesticide concentrations, particularly those of the DDT family and of toxaphene, were measured by gas chromatography in samples of liver and body fat taken from Australian freshwater crocodiles Crocodylus johnstoni at three locations along the Ord River in Western Australia. The three sampling sites were the irrigation area, downstream of the irrigation area, and well upstream of the irrigation area; the last site serving as the control. DDT and toxaphene were applied in large and known quantities to cotton grown in the Ord Irrigation Area from 1964 to 1974. Thus the residues in the crocodile tissues are representative of the situation almost thirty years after the use of DDT and toxaphene ceased in the area. Very high concentrations of p,p'-DDE and toxaphene were found in the lipid-rich tissues that were examined. Livers and body fat from estuarine crocodiles Crocodylus porosus from the downstream site were also analysed. As p,p'-DDE and toxaphene are both known to be disruptive of endocrine systems, a range of blood parameters, including estradiol and testesterone concentrations, were also measured for all the animals studied. The ovaries and testes of the freshwater crocodiles were also examined histologically. There were no obvious effects on blood chemistry or gonad histology of the large burden of pesticides and their metabolites carried by exposed animals, although the limited number of samples and the variability of the breeding state of the animals examined may have masked possible effects. The isolation of the area, the accurately known applications of DDT and toxaphene, and the simplicity of the drainage system make the lower Ord River a unique natural laboratory for studying the long term breakdown and effects of pesticides applied in a tropical environment.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16767233

J Environ Monit. 2006 Jun;8(6):649-61. Epub 2006 May 22.

Very high concentrations of DDE and toxaphene residues in crocodiles from the Ord River, Western Australia: an investigation into possible endocrine disruption.

Yoshikane M¹, Kay WR, Shibata Y, Inoue M, Yanai T, Kamata R, Edmonds JS, Morita M.

 

Organochlorine pesticide concentrations, particularly those of the DDT family and of toxaphene, were measured by gas chromatography in samples of liver and body fat taken from Australian freshwater crocodiles Crocodylus johnstoni at three locations along the Ord River in Western Australia. The three sampling sites were the irrigation area, downstream of the irrigation area, and well upstream of the irrigation area; the last site serving as the control. DDT and toxaphene were applied in large and known quantities to cotton grown in the Ord Irrigation Area from 1964 to 1974. Thus the residues in the crocodile tissues are representative of the situation almost thirty years after the use of DDT and toxaphene ceased in the area. Very high concentrations of p,p’-DDE and toxaphene were found in the lipid-rich tissues that were examined. Livers and body fat from estuarine crocodiles Crocodylus porosus from the downstream site were also analysed. As p,p’-DDE and toxaphene are both known to be disruptive of endocrine systems, a range of blood parameters, including estradiol and testesterone concentrations, were also measured for all the animals studied. The ovaries and testes of the freshwater crocodiles were also examined histologically. There were no obvious effects on blood chemistry or gonad histology of the large burden of pesticides and their metabolites carried by exposed animals, although the limited number of samples and the variability of the breeding state of the animals examined may have masked possible effects. The isolation of the area, the accurately known applications of DDT and toxaphene, and the simplicity of the drainage system make the lower Ord River a unique natural laboratory for studying the long term breakdown and effects of pesticides applied in a tropical environment.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16767233

1980’s: Lake Goolellal (WA). Pesticides: Chlordane

Organochlorine Residues in Sediments and Soils in and around Lake Goolellal (Gerritse 1988 in EPA Bulletin 354)

Lake Goolellal is one of a number of natural wetlands in the coastal plain, situated amongst the northern suburbs of metropolitan Perth. It has been treated with organochlorine insecticides on a number of occasions for Argentine Ants.

The study involved the analysis of samples of soil, sediments and lake water taken from six points along each of two transects into the Lake, starting from the road (Lakeway Drive). Levels of all organochlorins peaked about 50m from the shore line, and were found within 4 cm of the soil surface. No dieldrin or heptachlor was detected in the sediments of the lake.

Based on information on the use of these chemicals for Argentine Ant control, their half-lives in this situation were tentatively estimated to be much less than one year for heptachlor and chlordane – considerably less than is reported in the literature.

P55 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

Organochlorine Residues in Sediments and Soils in and around Lake Goolellal (Gerritse 1988 in EPA Bulletin 354)

Lake Goolellal is one of a number of natural wetlands in the coastal plain, situated amongst the northern suburbs of metropolitan Perth. It has been treated with organochlorine insecticides on a number of occasions for Argentine Ants.

The study involved the analysis of samples of soil, sediments and lake water taken from six points along each of two transects into the Lake, starting from the road (Lakeway Drive). Levels of all organochlorins peaked about 50m from the shore line, and were found within 4 cm of the soil surface. No dieldrin or heptachlor was detected in the sediments of the lake.

Based on information on the use of these chemicals for Argentine Ant control, their half-lives in this situation were tentatively estimated to be much less than one year for heptachlor and chlordane – considerably less than is reported in the literature.

P55 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

1950’s – 1982: Herdsman Lake (WA). Pesticides: Dieldrin, DDT, Chlorpyrifos, Heptachlor, Chlordane

Herdsman Lake Pesticide Study – Interim Report (Davis & Garland (1986): plus subsequent studies.

(a) This study was carried out to investigate the environmental effects of spraying to control the Argentine Ant at Herdsman Lake, in March/April 1986. The Department of Agriculture’s programme to control Argentine Ants in Herdsman Lake commenced in the mid-1950’s with the use of dieldrin. Hepatchlor replaces dieldrin in 1970. The perimeter of the Lake has been treated every year except from 1983 to 1985, when public concern at the possible threat to wildlife resulted in a cancellation of the spraying programme for those seasons.

A sampling programme was carried out when the spraying programme recommenced in the summer of March/April 1986 to establish the level of organochlorines and organophosphates in the water, sediments, and two species of aquatic fauna, the mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) and the corixicd (Micronecta robusta). Samples were taken prior to spraying, one week after spraying, and after the first heavy rains following spraying, from six sites in the Lake itself, and two from control sites in an adjoining and separate waterbody. Quantitative sampling of aquatic invertebrate was also carried out at each sampling.

The results showed that almost all components of the ecosystem of the Lake were contaminated, to varying degrees, with the organochlorine insecticides. Heptachlor and chlordane were not detected before spraying, suggesting that post-spraying levels found were due to that season’s spraying activity.

Dieldrin, and to a much lesser extent, DDT, were found in all samples, including those taken from drainage water entering the lake. This indicated that dieldrin has been present since its last use in 1970, in addition to any additional chemical entering via drains from surrounding urban areas.

Fish and insect samples contained all organochlorines when taken post-spraying, but only dieldrin and DDT pre-spraying.

Chlorpyrifos was found in post-spraying water and sediment samples only. Temephos was not detected in any samples.

Insect (corixids) numbers decreased significantly after spraying. A dead pelican was found to contain elevated levels of all organochlorines, but far below those necessary to be the cause of death.

(b) Further sampling of pesticide levels in the water, sediments, fish and invertebrate fauna of Herdsman Lake took place in October 1986, from the same sites. Additional sites, near the Herdsman Industrial Park, and three drains, were also sampled.

This sampling showed that water levels of pesticides generally fell and became more uniform between sites, since the post-rain sampling in May. The levels of heptachlor and chlordane in sediments increased dramatically, and may partially account for the decline in water levels. Levels of pesticide found in one drain were higher than the Lake itself, and this must be considered a source of chemical.

Levels of pesticides in fish and invertebrates were much lower than the post-spraying high levels of May 1986, but were still higher than the pre-spraying levels. It was not possible to draw conclusions from the apparent “mortality” amongst fish and corixids immediately post spraying as animals from other parts of the lake probably recolonised areas between May and October.

Pesticide levels in water birds were well below LD50 values for acute toxicity, but were high enough to be of concern.

P53/4 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

Herdsman Lake Pesticide Study – Interim Report (Davis & Garland (1986): plus subsequent studies.

(a) This study was carried out to investigate the environmental effects of spraying to control the Argentine Ant at Herdsman Lake, in March/April 1986. The Department of Agriculture’s programme to control Argentine Ants in Herdsman Lake commenced in the mid-1950’s with the use of dieldrin. Hepatchlor replaces dieldrin in 1970. The perimeter of the Lake has been treated every year except from 1983 to 1985, when public concern at the possible threat to wildlife resulted in a cancellation of the spraying programme for those seasons.

A sampling programme was carried out when the spraying programme recommenced in the summer of March/April 1986 to establish the level of organochlorines and organophosphates in the water, sediments, and two species of aquatic fauna, the mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) and the corixicd (Micronecta robusta). Samples were taken prior to spraying, one week after spraying, and after the first heavy rains following spraying, from six sites in the Lake itself, and two from control sites in an adjoining and separate waterbody. Quantitative sampling of aquatic invertebrate was also carried out at each sampling.

The results showed that almost all components of the ecosystem of the Lake were contaminated, to varying degrees, with the organochlorine insecticides. Heptachlor and chlordane were not detected before spraying, suggesting that post-spraying levels found were due to that season’s spraying activity.

Dieldrin, and to a much lesser extent, DDT, were found in all samples, including those taken from drainage water entering the lake. This indicated that dieldrin has been present since its last use in 1970, in addition to any additional chemical entering via drains from surrounding urban areas.

Fish and insect samples contained all organochlorines when taken post-spraying, but only dieldrin and DDT pre-spraying.

Chlorpyrifos was found in post-spraying water and sediment samples only. Temephos was not detected in any samples.

Insect (corixids) numbers decreased significantly after spraying. A dead pelican was found to contain elevated levels of all organochlorines, but far below those necessary to be the cause of death.

(b) Further sampling of pesticide levels in the water, sediments, fish and invertebrate fauna of Herdsman Lake took place in October 1986, from the same sites. Additional sites, near the Herdsman Industrial Park, and three drains, were also sampled.

This sampling showed that water levels of pesticides generally fell and became more uniform between sites, since the post-rain sampling in May. The levels of heptachlor and chlordane in sediments increased dramatically, and may partially account for the decline in water levels. Levels of pesticide found in one drain were higher than the Lake itself, and this must be considered a source of chemical.

Levels of pesticides in fish and invertebrates were much lower than the post-spraying high levels of May 1986, but were still higher than the pre-spraying levels. It was not possible to draw conclusions from the apparent “mortality” amongst fish and corixids immediately post spraying as animals from other parts of the lake probably recolonised areas between May and October.

Pesticide levels in water birds were well below LD50 values for acute toxicity, but were high enough to be of concern.

P53/4 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

1985 December – 1986 May: Preston River (WA). Pesticides: Dieldrin, DDT, Heptachlor, Chlordane

Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in the Preston River (Klemm 1988 – (unpublished)

This is a follow-up to the previous study by Atkins (1982). The main objective of this study was to monitor the predicted reduction of dieldrin residues reaching the Preston River. In addition, the study aimed to detect any increase in other residues, and to detect any accumulation of organochlorins in Leschenault Inlet.

The study area, as in the previous one, extended from Glen Mervyn Dam to the Glen Iris Road Bridge, a 60km section of Preston River. Then ten sampling sites used by Atkins (1982) were again used in this study, Sampling took place between December 1985 and May 1986.

It was found that organochlorine residues in the Preston River had decreased. Dieldrin was still the predominant pesticide, but the mean level had fallen from 0.006 to 0.003 ug/L since the Atkins (1982) study. In addition, the percentage of recordings that exceeded the EPA crtiterion of 0.003ug/L had declined from 58% in the 1982 study to 13% in this study.

DDT levels had also fallen from a mean of 0.004 to 0.002 ug/L, with a fall from 46% to 8% of the recordings exceeding the EPA criterion.

Heptachlor, and for the first time, chlordane were found more frequently, and the proportion of heptachlor readings that exceeded the EPA criterion increased from 8% to 13% (chlordane from nil to 12%).

These changes have reflected the change in use-pattern of the chemicals. Dieldrin lost all agricultural registration in 1982, with heptachlor replacing dieldrin for potato production and in some orchards.

No organophosphorus residues were detected in the samples.

Levels of organochlorines in the twenty samples of freshwater mussel did not exceed the limit of detection (0.001 mg/kg) and therefore do not indicate bioaccumulation.

Organochlorine residues in the Preston River are now generally comparable with other river systems. The range of dieldrin residues is similar to the Swan and Serpentine River’s systems, but levels are still higher than other South West Rivers.

P51 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in the Preston River (Klemm 1988 – (unpublished)

This is a follow-up to the previous study by Atkins (1982). The main objective of this study was to monitor the predicted reduction of dieldrin residues reaching the Preston River. In addition, the study aimed to detect any increase in other residues, and to detect any accumulation of organochlorines in Leschenault Inlet.

The study area, as in the previous one, extended from Glen Mervyn Dam to the Glen Iris Road Bridge, a 60km section of Preston River. Then ten sampling sites used by Atkins (1982) were again used in this study, Sampling took place between December 1985 and May 1986.

It was found that organochlorine residues in the Preston River had decreased. Dieldrin was still the predominant pesticide, but the mean level had fallen from 0.006 to 0.003 ug/L since the Atkins (1982) study. In addition, the percentage of recordings that exceeded the EPA crtiterion of 0.003ug/L had declined from 58% in the 1982 study to 13% in this study.

DDT levels had also fallen from a mean of 0.004 to 0.002 ug/L, with a fall from 46% to 8% of the recordings exceeding the EPA criterion.

Heptachlor, and for the first time, chlordane were found more frequently, and the proportion of heptachlor readings that exceeded the EPA criterion increased from 8% to 13% (chlordane from nil to 12%).

These changes have reflected the change in use-pattern of the chemicals. Dieldrin lost all agricultural registration in 1982, with heptachlor replacing dieldrin for potato production and in some orchards.

No organophosphorus residues were detected in the samples.

Levels of organochlorines in the twenty samples of freshwater mussel did not exceed the limit of detection (0.001 mg/kg) and therefore do not indicate bioaccumulation.

Organochlorine residues in the Preston River are now generally comparable with other river systems. The range of dieldrin residues is similar to the Swan and Serpentine River’s systems, but levels are still higher than other South West Rivers.

P51 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

1980 – 1981: Collie River (WA). Pesticides: DDT, Dieldrin

Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in the Preston River (Atkins 1982)

This study was conducted in 1980 and 1981 to monitor the possible effect of the use of organochlorine pesticides in the Preston River catchment on water, sediment and biota levels in the river and Leschenault Inlet.

Of the 88 samples of water taken, dieldrin was detected in 78. DDT, Aldrin and heptachlor were detected in 34, 25 and 5 samples respectively.

Between 22% and 67% of the dieldrin detections exceeded the EPA criterion depending on the site. DDT detection exceeded the EPA criterion between 11% and 33% of the time, depending on the sampling site. Aldrin and heptachlor detection were only occasionally above their respective EPA criteria.

The dieldrin levels were amongst the highest in rivers in the south west of WA, but were low when compared to other Australian rivers.

No organochlorines were detected in sediment samples, the limit of detection being 0.01 mg/kg.

Three specimens of fish were sampled from the lower reaches of the Collie River. Less than 0.001mg/kg of DDT were found in all three, and only in one did the dieldrin level equal 0.01 mg/kg.

This Report compared dieldrin levels with those found in the Preston River, by various other researchers, since 1974. The author concluded that no significant reduction in dieldrin levels in that time has occurred, even though the number of registered agricultural uses for dieldrin in the area had declined markedly. This could be due to the very high level of retention of dieldrin by soils, in which the slow “release” of this chemical, as soil is eroded into the river, masks the decline in dieldrin use. Alternatively, (and perhaps, additionally) dieldrin was continuing to be used illegally.

P50 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

1980 – 1981: Preston River (WA). Pesticides detected: Dieldrin, DDT, Aldrin and Heptachlor

Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in the Preston River (Atkins 1982)

This study was conducted in 1980 and 1981 to monitor the possible effect of the use of organochlorine pesticides in the Preston River catchment on water, sediment and biota levels in the river and Leschenault Inlet.

Of the 88 samples of water taken, dieldrin was detected in 78. DDT, Aldrin and heptachlor were detected in 34, 25 and 5 samples respectively.

Between 22% and 67% of the dieldrin detections exceeded the EPA criterion depending on the site. DDT detection exceeded the EPA criterion between 11% and 33% of the time, depending on the sampling site. Aldrin and heptachlor detection were only occasionally above their respective EPA criteria.

The dieldrin levels were amongst the highest in rivers in the south west of WA, but were low when compared to other Australian rivers.

No organochlorines were detected in sediment samples, the limit of detection being 0.01 mg/kg.

Three specimens of fish were sampled from the lower reaches of the Collie River. Less than 0.001mg/kg of DDT were found in all three, and only in one did the dieldrin level equal 0.01 mg/kg.

This Report compared dieldrin levels with those found in the Preston River, by various other researchers, since 1974. The author concluded that no significant reduction in dieldrin levels in that time has occurred, even though the number of registered agricultural uses for dieldrin in the area had declined markedly. This could be due to the very high level of retention of dieldrin by soils, in which the slow “release” of this chemical, as soil is eroded into the river, masks the decline in dieldrin use. Alternatively, (and perhaps, additionally) dieldrin was continuing to be used illegally.

P50 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in the Preston River (Atkins 1982)

This study was conducted in 1980 and 1981 to monitor the possible effect of the use of organochlorine pesticides in the Preston River catchment on water, sediment and biota levels in the river and Leschenault Inlet.

Of the 88 samples of water taken, dieldrin was detected in 78. DDT, Aldrin and heptachlor were detected in 34, 25 and 5 samples respectively.

Between 22% and 67% of the dieldrin detections exceeded the EPA criterion depending on the site. DDT detection exceeded the EPA criterion between 11% and 33% of the time, depending on the sampling site. Aldrin and heptachlor detection were only occasionally above their respective EPA criteria.

The dieldrin levels were amongst the highest in rivers in the south west of WA, but were low when compared to other Australian rivers.

No organochlorines were detected in sediment samples, the limit of detection being 0.01 mg/kg.

Three specimens of fish were sampled from the lower reaches of the Collie River. Less than 0.001mg/kg of DDT were found in all three, and only in one did the dieldrin level equal 0.01 mg/kg.

This Report compared dieldrin levels with those found in the Preston River, by various other researchers, since 1974. The author concluded that no significant reduction in dieldrin levels in that time has occurred, even though the number of registered agricultural uses for dieldrin in the area had declined markedly. This could be due to the very high level of retention of dieldrin by soils, in which the slow “release” of this chemical, as soil is eroded into the river, masks the decline in dieldrin use. Alternatively, (and perhaps, additionally) dieldrin was continuing to be used illegally.

P50 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

2015 April: Eurobodalla (NSW). Cancer Claim. Pesticide: Glyphosate

Call for inquiry into glyphosate after World Health Organisation cancer claim - April 1 2015

There's a call for more stringent chemical hygiene on farms after it was found glyphosate is a "probable carcinogen".

The World Health Organisation's International Agency for Research on Cancer recently declared it is probable that glyphosate, commonly found in herbicides, is carcinogenic to humans.

Ron Snape is a beef producer in south west New South Wales, whose wife has been diagnosed with non-Hodgkins lymphoma.

Media player: "Space" to play, "M" to mute, "left" and "right" to seek.

He said he believes the long term use of herbicides containing glyphosate may have caused the cancer.

"When we sat down with our specialist haematologist up in Canberra, before he asked who we were, or what we did as in income, he said 'farmers lymphoma',"Mr Snape said.

"He said 'what's your occupation?' and he went on to say farmers were over-represented amongst people with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

"He went on to say 'it must be something you are doing as farmer'.

When we sat down with our specialist haematologist, before he asked who we were, or what we did as in income, he said 'farmers lymphoma'.

Ron Snape, NSW beef producer whose wife has been diagnosed with non-Hodgkins lymphoma

Mr Snape said the finding has made him question the safety of chemicals like Round Up that have the active ingredient of glyphosate.

"We were assured by the chemical manufacturer at the time that this was so safe you could drink it, well bugger me, it's not safe and as farmers, we have to have a look at our chemical hygiene a lot better than what we are doing," he said.

"We're just so blasé as farmers sometimes.

"It's easy, it's a very good chemical, it does what it's supposed to do, but my god it's doing something to us as farmers.

"It's shocking for me because I was the one that was using it.

"I've basically done something unknowingly that's done something that impacted on my wife in such a dramatic way."

In the WHO article reviewers cited three studies that suggested that people exposed to glyphosate had a higher incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

But it also references a detailed American study which found that there was no link between the two.

Until the final monograph is released it is difficult to evaluate the conclusions reached by the WHO agency.

Professor Jack Ng from the National Centre for Environmental Toxicology at the University of Queensland said this is a rigorous study and it is the role of the WHO to weigh up all the evidence.

"The group of experts would have to consider negative results as well as positive results," he said.

"They put weight of evidence on the experiment, the design, the approach and the robustness of the study.

"And obviously in this case the positive result outweighed the negative results and hence they formed that opinion."

The herbicide industry has been quick to criticise the report.

Matthew Cossey of Crop Life Australia, the group representing agricultural chemical manufacturers, said the report is irresponsible and could lead to a knee jerk policy response.

"I think it's a little irresponsible." he said.

"I know that farmers know this product is safe, this report needs to be taken in to context, to be recognised that it's not really robust and that some of the conclusions are hard to justify."

However Mr Snape wants an inquiry into glyphosate.

"The WHO is not a crackpot organisation is it? It's right on the money here, we definitely have to have an inquiry into this," he said.

"We have to be sure that what we are using is not detrimental to our health, our family's health or our neighbours' health.

"There is so much evidence that farmers are getting these type of cancers, we can't sweep it under the carpet, don't pretend it's [not] there, let's do it."

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-01/glyphosate-cancer-threat-debate/6364098#.VR3YnmesiTc.facebook

Call for inquiry into glyphosate after World Health Organisation cancer claim – April 1 2015

There’s a call for more stringent chemical hygiene on farms after it was found glyphosate is a “probable carcinogen”.

The World Health Organisation’s International Agency for Research on Cancer recently declared it is probable that glyphosate, commonly found in herbicides, is carcinogenic to humans.

Ron Snape is a beef producer in south west New South Wales, whose wife has been diagnosed with non-Hodgkins lymphoma.

Media player: “Space” to play, “M” to mute, “left” and “right” to seek.

He said he believes the long term use of herbicides containing glyphosate may have caused the cancer.

“When we sat down with our specialist haematologist up in Canberra, before he asked who we were, or what we did as in income, he said ‘farmers lymphoma’,”Mr Snape said.

“He said ‘what’s your occupation?’ and he went on to say farmers were over-represented amongst people with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

“He went on to say ‘it must be something you are doing as farmer’.

When we sat down with our specialist haematologist, before he asked who we were, or what we did as in income, he said ‘farmers lymphoma’.

Ron Snape, NSW beef producer whose wife has been diagnosed with non-Hodgkins lymphoma

Mr Snape said the finding has made him question the safety of chemicals like Round Up that have the active ingredient of glyphosate.

“We were assured by the chemical manufacturer at the time that this was so safe you could drink it, well bugger me, it’s not safe and as farmers, we have to have a look at our chemical hygiene a lot better than what we are doing,” he said.

“We’re just so blasé as farmers sometimes.

“It’s easy, it’s a very good chemical, it does what it’s supposed to do, but my god it’s doing something to us as farmers.

“It’s shocking for me because I was the one that was using it.

“I’ve basically done something unknowingly that’s done something that impacted on my wife in such a dramatic way.”

In the WHO article reviewers cited three studies that suggested that people exposed to glyphosate had a higher incidence of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

But it also references a detailed American study which found that there was no link between the two.

Until the final monograph is released it is difficult to evaluate the conclusions reached by the WHO agency.

Professor Jack Ng from the National Centre for Environmental Toxicology at the University of Queensland said this is a rigorous study and it is the role of the WHO to weigh up all the evidence.

“The group of experts would have to consider negative results as well as positive results,” he said.

“They put weight of evidence on the experiment, the design, the approach and the robustness of the study.

“And obviously in this case the positive result outweighed the negative results and hence they formed that opinion.”

The herbicide industry has been quick to criticise the report.

Matthew Cossey of Crop Life Australia, the group representing agricultural chemical manufacturers, said the report is irresponsible and could lead to a knee jerk policy response.

“I think it’s a little irresponsible.” he said.

“I know that farmers know this product is safe, this report needs to be taken in to context, to be recognised that it’s not really robust and that some of the conclusions are hard to justify.”

However Mr Snape wants an inquiry into glyphosate.

“The WHO is not a crackpot organisation is it? It’s right on the money here, we definitely have to have an inquiry into this,” he said.

“We have to be sure that what we are using is not detrimental to our health, our family’s health or our neighbours’ health.

“There is so much evidence that farmers are getting these type of cancers, we can’t sweep it under the carpet, don’t pretend it’s [not] there, let’s do it.”

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-01/glyphosate-cancer-threat-debate/6364098#.VR3YnmesiTc.facebook

1974 May – 1985 March: Fremantle Traffic Bridge. Pesticides detected: Aldrin, Chlordane, DDT, Dieldrin, Heptachlor, Lindane

Swan-Canning Estuarine System – Environment Use and the Future (Thurlow et al 1986)

This report, was the culmination of a two-year study into the Swan-Canning River system.

Chapter 6, Section 311 was concerned with pesticide contamination, and reported the results of analysis of quarterly water samples taken from the Causeway and Fremantle Traffic Bridge.

The mean organochlorine pesticide levels found at the two sampling points are shown in the table below. These results are not significantly higher than the EPA criteria. However, the mean figures mask some peak residue levels in winter...

Table 10 Seasonal Means (ug/L) and peak level recorded of Pesticide Levels in the Swan Estuary (May 1974 – March 1985)

Causeway

Aldrin 0.001 (summer), 0.003 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Aldrin 0.001 (summer), 0.003 (winter)

Peak Level 0.018

Causeway

Chlordane 0.001 (summer), 0.001 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Chlordane 0.001 (summer), 0.001 (winter)

Peak Level 0.006

Causeway

DDT & Metabolites 0.002 (summer), 0.002 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

DDT & Metabolites 0.002 (summer), 0.004 (winter)

Peak Level 0.03

Causeway

Dieldrin 0.005 (summer), 0.005 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Dieldrin 0.003 (summer), 0.005 (winter)

Peak Level 0.035

Causeway

Lindane 0.001 (summer), 0.001 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Lindane 0.001 (summer), 0.001 (winter)

Peak Level 0.02

Causeway

Hepatchlor 0.001 (summer), 0.003 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Heptachlor 0.001 (summer), 0.003 (winter)

Peak Level 0.06

Sampling commenced in 1974. By winter of 1975, levels of all pesticides had fallen significantly, possibly implying that levels before 1974 were much higher than from 1975 onwards.

Despite this decline, the peak levels for Aldrin, dieldrin and heptachlor all occurred in the winter of 1982.

The peak level for DDT occurred in 1975, with some smaller peaks in 1976. Since then DDT levels have been very low.

P49 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

Swan-Canning Estuarine System – Environment Use and the Future (Thurlow et al 1986)

This report, was the culmination of a two-year study into the Swan-Canning River system.

Chapter 6, Section 311 was concerned with pesticide contamination, and reported the results of analysis of quarterly water samples taken from the Causeway and Fremantle Traffic Bridge.

The mean organochlorine pesticide levels found at the two sampling points are shown in the table below. These results are not significantly higher than the EPA criteria. However, the mean figures mask some peak residue levels in winter…

Table 10 Seasonal Means (ug/L) and peak level recorded of Pesticide Levels in the Swan Estuary (May 1974 – March 1985)

Causeway

Aldrin 0.001 (summer), 0.003 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Aldrin 0.001 (summer), 0.003 (winter)

Peak Level 0.018

Causeway

Chlordane 0.001 (summer), 0.001 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Chlordane 0.001 (summer), 0.001 (winter)

Peak Level 0.006

Causeway

DDT & Metabolites 0.002 (summer), 0.002 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

DDT & Metabolites 0.002 (summer), 0.004 (winter)

Peak Level 0.03

Causeway

Dieldrin 0.005 (summer), 0.005 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Dieldrin 0.003 (summer), 0.005 (winter)

Peak Level 0.035

Causeway

Lindane 0.001 (summer), 0.001 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Lindane 0.001 (summer), 0.001 (winter)

Peak Level 0.02

Causeway

Hepatchlor 0.001 (summer), 0.003 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Heptachlor 0.001 (summer), 0.003 (winter)

Peak Level 0.06

Sampling commenced in 1974. By winter of 1975, levels of all pesticides had fallen significantly, possibly implying that levels before 1974 were much higher than from 1975 onwards.

Despite this decline, the peak levels for Aldrin, dieldrin and heptachlor all occurred in the winter of 1982.

The peak level for DDT occurred in 1975, with some smaller peaks in 1976. Since then DDT levels have been very low.

P49 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

1974 May – 1985 March: Swan River Causeway. Pesticides detected: Aldrin, Chlordane, DDT, Dieldrin, Lindane, Heptachlor

Swan-Canning Estuarine System – Environment Use and the Future (Thurlow et al 1986)

This report, was the culmination of a two-year study into the Swan-Canning River system.

Chapter 6, Section 311 was concerned with pesticide contamination, and reported the results of analysis of quarterly water samples taken from the Causeway and Fremantle Traffic Bridge.

The mean organochlorine pesticide levels found at the two sampling points are shown in the table below. These results are not significantly higher than the EPA criteria. However, the mean figures mask some peak residue levels in winter...

Table 10 Seasonal Means (ug/L) and peak level recorded of Pesticide Levels in the Swan Estuary (May 1974 – March 1985)

Causeway

Aldrin 0.001 (summer), 0.003 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Aldrin 0.001 (summer), 0.003 (winter)

Peak Level 0.018

Causeway

Chlordane 0.001 (summer), 0.001 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Chlordane 0.001 (summer), 0.001 (winter)

Peak Level 0.006

Causeway

DDT & Metabolites 0.002 (summer), 0.002 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

DDT & Metabolites 0.002 (summer), 0.004 (winter)

Peak Level 0.03

Causeway

Dieldrin 0.005 (summer), 0.005 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Dieldrin 0.003 (summer), 0.005 (winter)

Peak Level 0.035

Causeway

Lindane 0.001 (summer), 0.001 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Lindane 0.001 (summer), 0.001 (winter)

Peak Level 0.02

Causeway

Hepatchlor 0.001 (summer), 0.003 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Heptachlor 0.001 (summer), 0.003 (winter)

Peak Level 0.06

Sampling commenced in 1974. By winter of 1975, levels of all pesticides had fallen significantly, possibly implying that levels before 1974 were much higher than from 1975 onwards.

Despite this decline, the peak levels for Aldrin, dieldrin and heptachlor all occurred in the winter of 1982.

The peak level for DDT occurred in 1975, with some smaller peaks in 1976. Since then DDT levels have been very low.

P49 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

Swan-Canning Estuarine System – Environment Use and the Future (Thurlow et al 1986)

This report, was the culmination of a two-year study into the Swan-Canning River system.

Chapter 6, Section 311 was concerned with pesticide contamination, and reported the results of analysis of quarterly water samples taken from the Causeway and Fremantle Traffic Bridge.

The mean organochlorine pesticide levels found at the two sampling points are shown in the table below. These results are not significantly higher than the EPA criteria. However, the mean figures mask some peak residue levels in winter…

Table 10 Seasonal Means (ug/L) and peak level recorded of Pesticide Levels in the Swan Estuary (May 1974 – March 1985)

Causeway

Aldrin 0.001 (summer), 0.003 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Aldrin 0.001 (summer), 0.003 (winter)

Peak Level 0.018

Causeway

Chlordane 0.001 (summer), 0.001 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Chlordane 0.001 (summer), 0.001 (winter)

Peak Level 0.006

Causeway

DDT & Metabolites 0.002 (summer), 0.002 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

DDT & Metabolites 0.002 (summer), 0.004 (winter)

Peak Level 0.03

Causeway

Dieldrin 0.005 (summer), 0.005 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Dieldrin 0.003 (summer), 0.005 (winter)

Peak Level 0.035

Causeway

Lindane 0.001 (summer), 0.001 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Lindane 0.001 (summer), 0.001 (winter)

Peak Level 0.02

Causeway

Hepatchlor 0.001 (summer), 0.003 (winter)

Fremantle Traffic

Heptachlor 0.001 (summer), 0.003 (winter)

Peak Level 0.06

Sampling commenced in 1974. By winter of 1975, levels of all pesticides had fallen significantly, possibly implying that levels before 1974 were much higher than from 1975 onwards.

Despite this decline, the peak levels for Aldrin, dieldrin and heptachlor all occurred in the winter of 1982.

The peak level for DDT occurred in 1975, with some smaller peaks in 1976. Since then DDT levels have been very low.

P49 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

1980 – 1981: Swan River. Pesticides detected: DDT

The studies found that ... elevated levels of copper and zinc (but not chromium and tin) were found in sediments at slipping facilities. Significant DDT levels were found in all sampling sites, from Jane Brook to Chidley Point. The levels of DDT ranged from 0.01mg/kg to 4.8 mg/kg (at Royal Freshwater Bay Yacht Club). In addition, Dieldrin was detected at 0.01 mg/kg in Freshwater Bay Yacht Club.

The second study, in particular, showed that the use of anti-fouling paints (containing the pesticide tri-butyl-tin) by boat owners was leading to residues in the river environment. Also that DDT was widespread throughout the river sediments, possibly reflecting its historical use in urban Perth, and much more recent use in agricultural areas....

P49 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

The studies found that … elevated levels of copper and zinc (but not chromium and tin) were found in sediments at slipping facilities. Significant DDT levels were found in all sampling sites, from Jane Brook to Chidley Point. The levels of DDT ranged from 0.01mg/kg to 4.8 mg/kg (at Royal Freshwater Bay Yacht Club). In addition, Dieldrin was detected at 0.01 mg/kg in Freshwater Bay Yacht Club.

The second study, in particular, showed that the use of anti-fouling paints (containing the pesticide tri-butyl-tin) by boat owners was leading to residues in the river environment. Also that DDT was widespread throughout the river sediments, possibly reflecting its historical use in urban Perth, and much more recent use in agricultural areas….

P49 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

1980 – 1981: Royal Freshwater Bay Yacht Club. Pesticides: DDT and Dieldrin

The studies found that ... elevated levels of copper and zinc (but not chromium and tin) were found in sediments at slipping facilities. Significant DDT levels were found in all sampling sites, from Jane Brook to Chidley Point. The levels of DDT ranged from 0.01mg/kg to 4.8 mg/kg (at Royal Freshwater Bay Yacht Club). In addition, Dieldrin was detected at 0.01 mg/kg in Freshwater Bay Yacht Club.

 The second study, in particular, showed that the use of anti-fouling paints (containing the pesticide tri-butyl-tin) by boat owners was leading to residues in the river environment. Also that DDT was widespread throughout the river sediments, possibly reflecting its historical use in urban Perth, and much more recent use in agricultural areas....

 P49 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

The studies found that … elevated levels of copper and zinc (but not chromium and tin) were found in sediments at slipping facilities. Significant DDT levels were found in all sampling sites, from Jane Brook to Chidley Point. The levels of DDT ranged from 0.01mg/kg to 4.8 mg/kg (at Royal Freshwater Bay Yacht Club). In addition, Dieldrin was detected at 0.01 mg/kg in Freshwater Bay Yacht Club.

The second study, in particular, showed that the use of anti-fouling paints (containing the pesticide tri-butyl-tin) by boat owners was leading to residues in the river environment. Also that DDT was widespread throughout the river sediments, possibly reflecting its historical use in urban Perth, and much more recent use in agricultural areas….

P49 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

1980-1981: Chidley Point (WA). Pesticide detected: DDT

The studies found that ... elevated levels of copper and zinc (but not chromium and tin) were found in sediments at slipping facilities. Significant DDT levels were found in all sampling sites, from Jane Brook to Chidley Point. The levels of DDT ranged from 0.01mg/kg to 4.8 mg/kg (at Royal Freshwater Bay Yacht Club). In addition, Dieldrin was detected at 0.01 mg/kg in Freshwater Bay Yacht Club.

 The second study, in particular, showed that the use of anti-fouling paints (containing the pesticide tri-butyl-tin) by boat owners was leading to residues in the river environment. Also that DDT was widespread throughout the river sediments, possibly reflecting its historical use in urban Perth, and much more recent use in agricultural areas....

 P49 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

The studies found that … elevated levels of copper and zinc (but not chromium and tin) were found in sediments at slipping facilities. Significant DDT levels were found in all sampling sites, from Jane Brook to Chidley Point. The levels of DDT ranged from 0.01mg/kg to 4.8 mg/kg (at Royal Freshwater Bay Yacht Club). In addition, Dieldrin was detected at 0.01 mg/kg in Freshwater Bay Yacht Club.

The second study, in particular, showed that the use of anti-fouling paints (containing the pesticide tri-butyl-tin) by boat owners was leading to residues in the river environment. Also that DDT was widespread throughout the river sediments, possibly reflecting its historical use in urban Perth, and much more recent use in agricultural areas….

P49 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

1980-1981: Jane Brook (WA). Pesticide detected: DDT

The studies found that ... elevated levels of copper and zinc (but not chromium and tin) were found in sediments at slipping facilities. Significant DDT levels were found in all sampling sites, from Jane Brook to Chidley Point. The levels of DDT ranged from 0.01mg/kg to 4.8 mg/kg (at Royal Freshwater Bay Yacht Club). In addition, Dieldrin was detected at 0.01 mg/kg in Freshwater Bay Yacht Club.

 The second study, in particular, showed that the use of anti-fouling paints (containing the pesticide tri-butyl-tin) by boat owners was leading to residues in the river environment. Also that DDT was widespread throughout the river sediments, possibly reflecting its historical use in urban Perth, and much more recent use in agricultural areas....

 P49 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

The studies found that … elevated levels of copper and zinc (but not chromium and tin) were found in sediments at slipping facilities. Significant DDT levels were found in all sampling sites, from Jane Brook to Chidley Point. The levels of DDT ranged from 0.01mg/kg to 4.8 mg/kg (at Royal Freshwater Bay Yacht Club). In addition, Dieldrin was detected at 0.01 mg/kg in Freshwater Bay Yacht Club.

The second study, in particular, showed that the use of anti-fouling paints (containing the pesticide tri-butyl-tin) by boat owners was leading to residues in the river environment. Also that DDT was widespread throughout the river sediments, possibly reflecting its historical use in urban Perth, and much more recent use in agricultural areas….

P49 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

1970’s – 1980’s: Kwinana Groundwater. Pesticides: 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D

Groundwater monitoring at CIK (Kwinana) Pty Ltd

 

In the late 1970s, routine sampling and analysis of water from shallow aquifers in the BP (Australia) Ltd site at Kwinana found elevated levels of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T herbicide. Further sampling of the area found some extremely high levels of these herbicides in ground water, particularly from the pesticide manufacturer CIK (Kwinana) Pty Ltd. This company operated on a site adjacent to BP on the east.

Investigation showed that a considerable area of shallow (20 m) groundwater was contaminated with these chemicals to varying degrees. Some of the levels were well over the MRL’s for potable water. The source of the contamination was the pond into which CIK (Kwinana) discharged its manufacturing and formulation wastes.

It was eventually decided that CIK (Kwinana) should dispose of its wastes by injection into a deep bore, but not until 1986, and by then the company had been taken over by Nufarm Ltd.

Routine monitoring of all the bores in the area has been taking place over the last ten years, and is continuing, with samples to be taken at 3 monthly intervals.

P47 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

Groundwater monitoring at CIK (Kwinana) Pty Ltd

In the late 1970s, routine sampling and analysis of water from shallow aquifers in the BP (Australia) Ltd site at Kwinana found elevated levels of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T herbicide. Further sampling of the area found some extremely high levels of these herbicides in ground water, particularly from the pesticide manufacturer CIK (Kwinana) Pty Ltd. This company operated on a site adjacent to BP on the east.

Investigation showed that a considerable area of shallow (20 m) groundwater was contaminated with these chemicals to varying degrees. Some of the levels were well over the MRL’s for potable water. The source of the contamination was the pond into which CIK (Kwinana) discharged its manufacturing and formulation wastes.

It was eventually decided that CIK (Kwinana) should dispose of its wastes by injection into a deep bore, but not until 1986, and by then the company had been taken over by Nufarm Ltd.

Routine monitoring of all the bores in the area has been taking place over the last ten years, and is continuing, with samples to be taken at 3 monthly intervals.

P47 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

1979: Gnangara Liquid Waste. Pesticide detected: DDT

Monitoring Waste Disposal Sites.

Only one sample of water has been taken from a waste disposal site for analysis for pesticide residues. In February 1979, a sample of water from the Gnangara Liquid Waste site was found to contain DDT at 0.03ug/L.

 P47 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

Monitoring Waste Disposal Sites.

Only one sample of water has been taken from a waste disposal site for analysis for pesticide residues. In February 1979, a sample of water from the Gnangara Liquid Waste site was found to contain DDT at 0.03ug/L.

P47 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

1980’s: Preston River (WA). Pesticides detected: Dieldrin, DDT

Monitoring WA River and Basins

Since about 1980 WAWA has intermittently sampled four river basins – the Warren, Preston, Collie and Swan Coastal – for pesticide residues. These samples have been taken either at permanent stream gauging stations, or at other marked points along the river.

The analysis of these samples has shown the consistent presence of dieldrin and DDT residues (except in the Collie River where no residues were found). Some heptachlor levels were also found; one extreme level of 0.170 ug/L was detected in Lefroy Brook (a tributary of the Warren River, near Pemberton) in December 1981. A significant proportion of the DDT and dieldrin residues exceeded the EPA criteria. The highest dieldrin level found was 0.019ug/L – also from Lefroy Brook in June 1982.

P46 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

Monitoring WA River and Basins

Since about 1980 WAWA has intermittently sampled four river basins – the Warren, Preston, Collie and Swan Coastal – for pesticide residues. These samples have been taken either at permanent stream gauging stations, or at other marked points along the river.

The analysis of these samples has shown the consistent presence of dieldrin and DDT residues (except in the Collie River where no residues were found). Some heptachlor levels were also found; one extreme level of 0.170 ug/L was detected in Lefroy Brook (a tributary of the Warren River, near Pemberton) in December 1981. A significant proportion of the DDT and dieldrin residues exceeded the EPA criteria. The highest dieldrin level found was 0.019ug/L – also from Lefroy Brook in June 1982.

P46 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

1980’s: Lefroy Brook (WA). Pesticide residues: Dieldrin, DDT, Heptachlor

Monitoring WA River and Basins

Since about 1980 WAWA has intermittently sampled four river basins – the Warren, Preston, Collie and Swan Coastal – for pesticide residues. These samples have been taken either at permanent stream gauging stations, or at other marked points along the river.

The analysis of these samples has shown the consistent presence of dieldrin and DDT residues (except in the Collie River where no residues were found). Some heptachlor levels were also found; one extreme level of 0.170 ug/L was detected in Lefroy Brook (a tributary of the Warren River, near Pemberton) in December 1981. A significant proportion of the DDT and dieldrin residues exceeded the EPA criteria. The highest dieldrin level found was 0.019ug/L – also from Lefroy Brook in June 1982.

P46 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

Monitoring WA River and Basins

Since about 1980 WAWA has intermittently sampled four river basins – the Warren, Preston, Collie and Swan Coastal – for pesticide residues. These samples have been taken either at permanent stream gauging stations, or at other marked points along the river.

The analysis of these samples has shown the consistent presence of dieldrin and DDT residues (except in the Collie River where no residues were found). Some heptachlor levels were also found; one extreme level of 0.170 ug/L was detected in Lefroy Brook (a tributary of the Warren River, near Pemberton) in December 1981. A significant proportion of the DDT and dieldrin residues exceeded the EPA criteria. The highest dieldrin level found was 0.019ug/L – also from Lefroy Brook in June 1982.

P46 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

1974 – 1988: Perth Groundwater Contamination. Pesticides: DDT, Dieldrin, Chlordane, Heptachlor

Monitoring groundwater production bores

Sampling and analysis for a wide range of chemical and microbiological contaminants is conducted annually for all groundwater production bores. Since 1974, 130 bores have been found to contain well below the respective MRLs for potable water. However a significant proportion of the samples have been found to contain pesticides at levels in excess of EPA criteria...Many of the numbers ... contain more than one pesticide level in excess of the EPA criteria. For example, in the 1987 sampling, a total of 42 individual pesticide levels exceeded the EPA criteria.

These levels are not of concern with respect to the quality of the water for human consumption (the highest level found was 0.011 ug/L). However, they are useful as indicators of the possible increasing contamination of Metropolitan groundwater from organochlorine insecticides. DDT and dieldrin provide most excessive levels with 45 and 34 respectively; only 8 heptachlor and 3 chlordane levels exceed the EPA criteria. As Perth’s groundwater is recharged by direct infiltration of rainfall over the coastal plain (Ventriss 1988), these pesticide levels are likely to have originated from their previous agricultural and urban use, and to a much lesser extent, from the rainfall itself.

P45/46 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

Monitoring groundwater production bores

Sampling and analysis for a wide range of chemical and microbiological contaminants is conducted annually for all groundwater production bores. Since 1974, 130 bores have been found to contain well below the respective MRLs for potable water. However a significant proportion of the samples have been found to contain pesticides at levels in excess of EPA criteria…Many of the numbers … contain more than one pesticide level in excess of the EPA criteria. For example, in the 1987 sampling, a total of 42 individual pesticide levels exceeded the EPA criteria.

These levels are not of concern with respect to the quality of the water for human consumption (the highest level found was 0.011 ug/L). However, they are useful as indicators of the possible increasing contamination of Metropolitan groundwater from organochlorine insecticides. DDT and dieldrin provide most excessive levels with 45 and 34 respectively; only 8 heptachlor and 3 chlordane levels exceed the EPA criteria. As Perth’s groundwater is recharged by direct infiltration of rainfall over the coastal plain (Ventriss 1988), these pesticide levels are likely to have originated from their previous agricultural and urban use, and to a much lesser extent, from the rainfall itself.

P45/46 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

1964 – 1978: Ord River Pesticide Residues. Organophosphates, Organochlorines.

Report on Pesticide Residue Sampling for the Ord River Irrigation Area 1964-1978 (Gorman 1979)

This report was prepared for the Ord River Ecology Sub-Committee, and consists of a collection of results of several ad hoc monitoring exercises conducted by several departments, notably the WA Departments of Agriculture, Fisheries and Wildlife, and Public Works.

It covers the analysis of water, silt (sediments), soils, foods, pastures, stockfeeds, cattle, birdlife and fish for organochlorine and organophosphorus residues arising out of their widespread use for cotton production. Cotton production stopped in 1974 when insect pest resistance to the insecticides used became insurmountable. With the demise of cotton, the use of organochlorines fell dramatically. Their use in the Ord River Irrigation Area was so high, however, that residues in the environment continued long past 1974, are still detectable today, albeit at much reduced levels.

 P43/44 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

Report on Pesticide Residue Sampling for the Ord River Irrigation Area 1964-1978 (Gorman 1979)

This report was prepared for the Ord River Ecology Sub-Committee, and consists of a collection of results of several ad hoc monitoring exercises conducted by several departments, notably the WA Departments of Agriculture, Fisheries and Wildlife, and Public Works.

It covers the analysis of water, silt (sediments), soils, foods, pastures, stockfeeds, cattle, birdlife and fish for organochlorine and organophosphorus residues arising out of their widespread use for cotton production. Cotton production stopped in 1974 when insect pest resistance to the insecticides used became insurmountable. With the demise of cotton, the use of organochlorines fell dramatically. Their use in the Ord River Irrigation Area was so high, however, that residues in the environment continued long past 1974, are still detectable today, albeit at much reduced levels.

P43/44 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

1988: Wilson’s Inlet – Fish Species Pesticide Residues. Pesticide detected: Chlorpyrifos

The Fisheries Department continues to conduct ‘ad-hoc’ sampling of fish species for pesticide residues. These are usually in response to specific requests. For example, five species in fish (24 specimens) were sampled in Wilson’s Inlet near Denmark in 1988. Unexpected residues of chlorpyrifos were found in 11 of the samples ranging from 0.01mg/kg (the limit of detection) to 0.18mg/kg.

 P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

The Fisheries Department continues to conduct ‘ad-hoc’ sampling of fish species for pesticide residues. These are usually in response to specific requests. For example, five species in fish (24 specimens) were sampled in Wilson’s Inlet near Denmark in 1988. Unexpected residues of chlorpyrifos were found in 11 of the samples ranging from 0.01mg/kg (the limit of detection) to 0.18mg/kg.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review – A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. Environment Protection Authority. Perth Western Australia. Bulletin 407. December 1989.

1987: Scott River. Organochlorines

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

1987: Robinson River. Organochlorines

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

1987: King River. Organochlorines

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

1987: Serpentine River. Organochlorines

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

1987: Carbunup River. Organochlorines

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

1987: Harvey River. Organochlorines

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

1987: Sleeman River. Pesticide detected: Dieldrin

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

1987: Hay River. Organochlorines

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

1987: Denmark River. Pesticide detected: Dieldrin, Chlordane

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

2014 May: Pesticides Wipe Out Beehives/Warren Boggabri/Gin Gin

Pesticides wipe out beehives

27 May, 2014

 

MASSIVE bee deaths, totalling more than 80,000 hives, have been reported following almond pollination in California, with a further 400,000 hives affected.

Reports suggest about 60 per cent of the 1.7 million hives placed among the almonds were affected by "bee-friendly" pesticides.

The news of pesticide damage hits hard for the Australian apiary industry which totals less than 450,000 hives across the country, with NSW totalling some 260,000 hives.

Central West beekeeper and Crop Pollinators Association president Bryn Jones, together with his father Warren, have been fighting the same battle against pesticides.

"There has been a significant loss of hives from the Warren, Gin Gin and Boggabri areas in what is believed to be spray drift," Bryn said.

Batch-mixing of chemicals, which is believed to have happened in California, is common practice in Australian agriculture according to Warren Jones.

"When the bees start dying, there is a big problem in the environment," he said.

Warren spent 34 years as an advisory officer to the NSW Department of Agriculture, specialising in bee diseases, crop pollination and pesticides and said new systemic pesticides were creating the "perfect storm".

"Particularly the neonicotinoids group which also carry warnings not to use treated crop material for grazing or to be fed to other livestock," he said.

"Nearly all seeds are coated with a dressing, usually neonicotinoids which are systemic, then you go and add a fungicide spray which is also systemic and then comes the foliar spray, also systemic."

"The combination of these chemicals can increase the toxicity of the chemicals within the plant by more than 1000 per cent."

"It also means that the maximum residue level (MRL) management of our food chain for human protection needs looking at."

Systemic chemicals are soluble enough to be absorbed into the plant, creating an "unknown" situation within the plant, fruit, nut or vegetable altering their MRL readings.

"This process is called synergism - when two or more chemicals, which may be compatible, mix in the plant," he said.

"There is little known work done in this area within plants."

"There has been a slow change from pest control to plant protection with just about everything and every seed now being treated just in case a pest might turn up, whereas before we had to justify the chemical to use it."

The Jones family, who have been confronted with multiple chemical incidences losing up to 600 hives each time, said it's often insufficient or misleading labelling on chemicals that can be to blame but not solely.

"Fiprinol, for example, cannot be applied 28 days prior to flowering on most labels.

"This only addresses bee deaths by contact to the chemical applied to the plant but for a further 65 plus days there is high systemic activity in the pollen and nectar of that flower," Bryn said.

"And the Fiprinol breaks down into four phototypes - one of them being more toxic by more than 10 times."

Together Bryn and Warren run almost 1500 hives for pollination to both agriculture and horticulture industries, but said the increased use in chemicals for "protection" rather than "pest control" was becoming a big risk to their operation and environment.

"As beekeeper pollinators we were never worried about seed treatments because, previously, the chemicals used didn't translocate throughout the whole plant which means the chemicals used were not systemic," Warren said.

"Our gripe is not with the farmers using chemicals or the people selling the chemicals, it's with the system that doesn't give enough information and fails to take any accountability if something goes wrong.

"We understand that farmers are just trying to produce crops and fibre for Australia and the rest of the world- and so are we.

"Honey bees go hand-in-hand with crops from canola and lucerne to vegetables, fruits and nuts, and has even been shown to increase yield in cotton crops."

The Joneses hope a Senate inquiry into the industry will have more impact than the last and include a review into neonicotinoid use.

It's the Senate's second look at apiculture in six years however recommendations, including labelling requirements, from the last inquiry were largely ignored, according to the Jones'.

"There were about 25 recommendations made in the More than Honey report after the last inquiry and there were not many taken up including making chemical labels state their effect on bees," Warren said.

Bryn said they were hoping to have chemical labels enforced.

The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA), responsible for chemical approvals and setting labelling requirements, released a report in February this year stating the authority would work to "strengthen the existing label statement regarding agricultural chemicals and their impact on bees".

But there is more to be done, according to the Joneses.

"Knowledge and training of all concerned so that the correct and required management can be applied is paramount," Bryn said.

The NSW Department of Primary Industries also made a submission to the inquiry with director general Scott Hansen naming a lack of face-to-face training and specialised trainees were among challenges facing the industry.

Public consultation on the Future of the Beekeeping and Pollination Services inquiry ended this week, attracting 79 submissions from corporations and individual beekeepers from across the country. The Senate committee's findings will be handed down on June 16.

https://www.theland.com.au/news/agriculture/general/news/pesticides-wipe-out-beehives/2699759.aspx?storypage=0

Pesticides wipe out beehives

27 May, 2014

MASSIVE bee deaths, totalling more than 80,000 hives, have been reported following almond pollination in California, with a further 400,000 hives affected.

Reports suggest about 60 per cent of the 1.7 million hives placed among the almonds were affected by “bee-friendly” pesticides.

The news of pesticide damage hits hard for the Australian apiary industry which totals less than 450,000 hives across the country, with NSW totalling some 260,000 hives.

Central West beekeeper and Crop Pollinators Association president Bryn Jones, together with his father Warren, have been fighting the same battle against pesticides.

“There has been a significant loss of hives from the Warren, Gin Gin and Boggabri areas in what is believed to be spray drift,” Bryn said.

Batch-mixing of chemicals, which is believed to have happened in California, is common practice in Australian agriculture according to Warren Jones.

“When the bees start dying, there is a big problem in the environment,” he said.

Warren spent 34 years as an advisory officer to the NSW Department of Agriculture, specialising in bee diseases, crop pollination and pesticides and said new systemic pesticides were creating the “perfect storm”.

“Particularly the neonicotinoids group which also carry warnings not to use treated crop material for grazing or to be fed to other livestock,” he said.

“Nearly all seeds are coated with a dressing, usually neonicotinoids which are systemic, then you go and add a fungicide spray which is also systemic and then comes the foliar spray, also systemic.”

“The combination of these chemicals can increase the toxicity of the chemicals within the plant by more than 1000 per cent.”

“It also means that the maximum residue level (MRL) management of our food chain for human protection needs looking at.”

Systemic chemicals are soluble enough to be absorbed into the plant, creating an “unknown” situation within the plant, fruit, nut or vegetable altering their MRL readings.

“This process is called synergism – when two or more chemicals, which may be compatible, mix in the plant,” he said.

“There is little known work done in this area within plants.”

“There has been a slow change from pest control to plant protection with just about everything and every seed now being treated just in case a pest might turn up, whereas before we had to justify the chemical to use it.”

The Jones family, who have been confronted with multiple chemical incidences losing up to 600 hives each time, said it’s often insufficient or misleading labelling on chemicals that can be to blame but not solely.

“Fiprinol, for example, cannot be applied 28 days prior to flowering on most labels.

“This only addresses bee deaths by contact to the chemical applied to the plant but for a further 65 plus days there is high systemic activity in the pollen and nectar of that flower,” Bryn said.

“And the Fiprinol breaks down into four phototypes – one of them being more toxic by more than 10 times.”

Together Bryn and Warren run almost 1500 hives for pollination to both agriculture and horticulture industries, but said the increased use in chemicals for “protection” rather than “pest control” was becoming a big risk to their operation and environment.

“As beekeeper pollinators we were never worried about seed treatments because, previously, the chemicals used didn’t translocate throughout the whole plant which means the chemicals used were not systemic,” Warren said.

“Our gripe is not with the farmers using chemicals or the people selling the chemicals, it’s with the system that doesn’t give enough information and fails to take any accountability if something goes wrong.

“We understand that farmers are just trying to produce crops and fibre for Australia and the rest of the world- and so are we.

“Honey bees go hand-in-hand with crops from canola and lucerne to vegetables, fruits and nuts, and has even been shown to increase yield in cotton crops.”

The Joneses hope a Senate inquiry into the industry will have more impact than the last and include a review into neonicotinoid use.

It’s the Senate’s second look at apiculture in six years however recommendations, including labelling requirements, from the last inquiry were largely ignored, according to the Jones’.

“There were about 25 recommendations made in the More than Honey report after the last inquiry and there were not many taken up including making chemical labels state their effect on bees,” Warren said.

Bryn said they were hoping to have chemical labels enforced.

The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA), responsible for chemical approvals and setting labelling requirements, released a report in February this year stating the authority would work to “strengthen the existing label statement regarding agricultural chemicals and their impact on bees”.

But there is more to be done, according to the Joneses.

“Knowledge and training of all concerned so that the correct and required management can be applied is paramount,” Bryn said.

The NSW Department of Primary Industries also made a submission to the inquiry with director general Scott Hansen naming a lack of face-to-face training and specialised trainees were among challenges facing the industry.

Public consultation on the Future of the Beekeeping and Pollination Services inquiry ended this week, attracting 79 submissions from corporations and individual beekeepers from across the country. The Senate committee’s findings will be handed down on June 16.

https://www.theland.com.au/news/agriculture/general/news/pesticides-wipe-out-beehives/2699759.aspx?storypage=0

 

---

2015 March: Spray Drift. Butchers Creek State School (Malanda). Organophosphate.

Pesticide scare at far north Qld school

March 27, 2015

A RURAL school in far north Queensland is in lockdown after pesticide spray drifted over the grounds.

IT'S understood paramedics are checking students of the Butchers Creek State School, located near Malanda, for any possible side effects of the spray.

Emergency services were called to the site just after noon on Friday following reports of a "herbicide exposure". The school is in lockdown, with students kept in their classrooms with windows and doors shut. They're waiting for the all-clear from scientific expert crews, a Queensland Fire and Rescue spokesperson told AAP.

 

https://www.news.com.au/national/breaking-news/pesticide-scare-at-far-north-qld-school/story-e6frfku9-1227281351653

UPDATE: Paramedics have cleared staff and students from exposure to a deadly pesticide after it was dumped on a Malanda school earlier today.

More than 40 staff and students were in lockdown about midday after pesticide sprayed from a helicopter on a nearby farm drifted over Butchers Creek State School.

Paramedics assessed staff and students for any signs of exposure to what was believed to be organophosphate, but gave them the all clear.

The pesticide is able to attack the nervous system, similar to the way chemical weapon sarin is used.

The students were believed to be in class at the time of the incident.

Pesticide scare at far north Qld school

March 27, 2015

A RURAL school in far north Queensland is in lockdown after pesticide spray drifted over the grounds.

IT’S understood paramedics are checking students of the Butchers Creek State School, located near Malanda, for any possible side effects of the spray.

Emergency services were called to the site just after noon on Friday following reports of a “herbicide exposure”. The school is in lockdown, with students kept in their classrooms with windows and doors shut. They’re waiting for the all-clear from scientific expert crews, a Queensland Fire and Rescue spokesperson told AAP.

https://www.news.com.au/national/breaking-news/pesticide-scare-at-far-north-qld-school/story-e6frfku9-1227281351653

UPDATE: Paramedics have cleared staff and students from exposure to a deadly pesticide after it was dumped on a Malanda school earlier today.

More than 40 staff and students were in lockdown about midday after pesticide sprayed from a helicopter on a nearby farm drifted over Butchers Creek State School.

Paramedics assessed staff and students for any signs of exposure to what was believed to be organophosphate, but gave them the all clear.

The pesticide is able to attack the nervous system, similar to the way chemical weapon sarin is used.

The students were believed to be in class at the time of the incident.

1987: Blackwood River (upper). Pesticides detected: Heptachlor, Chlordane

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                          upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

1987: Blackwood River (Mouth). Pesticide detected: DDT

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

Preliminary study of pesticide residues in rivers and estuaries of WA (unpublished report)

Water and sediment samples were collected over two sampling periods from several estuaries and their associated rivers in mid-1987. The samples were analysed for all organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides and selected herbicides.

The sediments did not contain detectable quantities of pesticides, with the exception of the Denmark River containing 0.1 mg/kg chlordane and the Sleeman River which contained 0.04 mg/kg dieldrin. Unfortunately, the limit of detection in sediments (0.01 mg/kg) was four orders of magnitude higher than the limit in water (0.001 ug/L).

In the estuarine and river waters, no herbicides or organophosphorus residues were detected. Organochlorine residues were found in all samples. Levels which exceeded the EPA criteria predominated at the first sampling time (after the first river flows for the season). The highest level of each chemical found is shown in Table 7, with the source of the sample.

Table 7. Highest levels of OC Pesticides found in SW river sources.

Pesticide                Level ug/L                Source

DDT                        0.026                        mouth, Blackwood River

Heptachlor             0.007                        upper, Blackwood River

Chlordane              0.021                         upper, Blackwood River

Dieldrin                  0.009                         mouth, Denmark River

On the basis of the number of samples which exceeded the EPA criteria for at least one of the above pesticides, the most contaminated river systems were the Blackwood, Denmark and Hay. The Harvey, Carbunup, Sleeman, Austin, Serpentine, King, Robinson and Scott were much less contaminated. No samples exceeding the EPA criteria were found in the Murray and Kalgan river systems.

P43 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

1980 – 1981: Waters off Rottnest Island. Pesticides detected: Dieldrin, DDT

Study to establish baseline levels of contaminants and nutrients in marine waters of WA (Chegwidden 1981)

This study was conducted as part of the marine quality assessment programme (Map 15) in 1980/1. The site chosen for the study was the CSIRO Rottnest Island 50 m station. This was in 50m of water, 3.3 km due west of Cape Vlaming, Rottnest Island.

Water samples were taken at this site on 11 occasions between April 1980 and January 1981, from the surface and at depths of 1.5 and 20 m. 10 per cent of the 120 samples gave positive results for dieldrin and DDT plus metabolites. The highest levels found were 0.027ug/L for dieldrin and 0.01ug/L for DDT and metabolites. The analytical limit of detection was 0.001ug/L for both pesticides. Most levels just exceeded that limit.

The author concluded that organochlorine pesticides were present in the waters off Rottnest Island.

Study to establish baseline levels of contaminants and nutrients in marine waters of WA (Chegwidden 1981)

This study was conducted as part of the marine quality assessment programme (Map 15) in 1980/1. The site chosen for the study was the CSIRO Rottnest Island 50 m station. This was in 50m of water, 3.3 km due west of Cape Vlaming, Rottnest Island.

Water samples were taken at this site on 11 occasions between April 1980 and January 1981, from the surface and at depths of 1.5 and 20 m. 10 per cent of the 120 samples gave positive results for dieldrin and DDT plus metabolites. The highest levels found were 0.027ug/L for dieldrin and 0.01ug/L for DDT and metabolites. The analytical limit of detection was 0.001ug/L for both pesticides. Most levels just exceeded that limit.

The author concluded that organochlorine pesticides were present in the waters off Rottnest Island.

1970’s: Cockburn Sound – Owen Anchorage. Pesticides detected: Dieldrin, Dichlorvos

Pesticide Residue Level in Cockburn Sound (Chegwidden 1979)

A number of specific studies were carried out in the mid 1970’s, leading to the production of the Cockburn Sound Environmental Study, 1976-1979 published by the then Department of Conservation and Environment (Report No 2). One of these studies investigated the presence of pesticide residues in water, sediment and mussels of several localities in Cockburn Sound.

Levels of total organochlorine insecticides found in sediments and mussels of Cockburn Sound were less than 0.001 ug/kg. Sediments from one sampling station in Owen Anchorage contained 4 ug/kg of dieldrin while the effluent from Anchorage Butchers contained 15 ug/kg of dichlorvos insecticide. No pesticide residues (in fact, no chlorinated hydrocarbons of any sort) were found in samples of the common mussel Mytilus edulis taken from the Sound. The study concluded that the extent of pesticide contamination could not be inferred from one sample, and recommended that “a survey be taken to quantify the extent of sediment and biota contamination by pesticides, particularly in Owen Anchorage”.

P42 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

Pesticide Residue Level in Cockburn Sound (Chegwidden 1979)

A number of specific studies were carried out in the mid 1970’s, leading to the production of the Cockburn Sound Environmental Study, 1976-1979 published by the then Department of Conservation and Environment (Report No 2). One of these studies investigated the presence of pesticide residues in water, sediment and mussels of several localities in Cockburn Sound.

Levels of total organochlorine insecticides found in sediments and mussels of Cockburn Sound were less than 0.001 ug/kg. Sediments from one sampling station in Owen Anchorage contained 4 ug/kg of dieldrin while the effluent from Anchorage Butchers contained 15 ug/kg of dichlorvos insecticide. No pesticide residues (in fact, no chlorinated hydrocarbons of any sort) were found in samples of the common mussel Mytilus edulis taken from the Sound. The study concluded that the extent of pesticide contamination could not be inferred from one sample, and recommended that “a survey be taken to quantify the extent of sediment and biota contamination by pesticides, particularly in Owen Anchorage”.

P42 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

1983: Karratha – Pesticide residue in birds. Pesticide: Dieldrin

Miscellaneous residue levels in birds

Several samples of different species of birds, and eggs, from a wide range of localities were collected and analysed during the early to mid 1970’s. Samples ranged from Ospreys at Shark Bay to Owls at Manurah. Almost all samples contained low levels of organochlorine insecticides, up to a maximum of 60 mg/kg of DDT in an Owl from Lake Argyle and 14 mg/kg of dieldrin in a Mudlark from Karratha (this sample taken in 1983).

P42 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

Miscellaneous residue levels in birds

Several samples of different species of birds, and eggs, from a wide range of localities were collected and analysed during the early to mid 1970’s. Samples ranged from Ospreys at Shark Bay to Owls at Manurah. Almost all samples contained low levels of organochlorine insecticides, up to a maximum of 60 mg/kg of DDT in an Owl from Lake Argyle and 14 mg/kg of dieldrin in a Mudlark from Karratha (this sample taken in 1983).

P42 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

1970’s: Lake Argyle residue levels in birds. Pesticide: DDT

Miscellaneous residue levels in birds

Several samples of different species of birds, and eggs, from a wide range of localities were collected and analysed during the early to mid 1970’s. Samples ranged from Ospreys at Shark Bay to Owls at Manurah. Almost all samples contained low levels of organochlorine insecticides, up to a maximum of 60 mg/kg of DDT in an Owl from Lake Argyle and 14 mg/kg of dieldrin in a Mudlark from Karratha (this sample taken in 1983).

P42 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

Miscellaneous residue levels in birds

Several samples of different species of birds, and eggs, from a wide range of localities were collected and analysed during the early to mid 1970’s. Samples ranged from Ospreys at Shark Bay to Owls at Manurah. Almost all samples contained low levels of organochlorine insecticides, up to a maximum of 60 mg/kg of DDT in an Owl from Lake Argyle and 14 mg/kg of dieldrin in a Mudlark from Karratha (this sample taken in 1983).

P42 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

1980’s: Brunswick River Blackberry Spraying. Pesticide detected: Triclopyr.

Herbicide residues in flowing streams (unpublished report)

A large proportion of Blackberry infestations occur very close to streams or waterbodies. Therefore, herbicide control measures have the potential to contaminate the water body, at the time of spraying, and soon after. This project was designed to measure the potential of glyphosate, triclopyr and picloram herbicides to contaminate the Brunswick River after a simulated Blackberry spraying operation.

Samples of water and sediment were taken at the site of application and 20 m downstream at 1 minute intervals to 5 minutes after spraying, then 20, 60 and 120 minutes after, and 1 week later.

Analysis of the samples showed that no detectable glyphosate or picloram residues were present in either the water or sediment, and that triclopyr was not found in the sediment. Triclopyr residues were found in the water, 1 minute after spraying and 20 m downstream at a maximum level of 0.6ug/L. These levels declined to <0.02 ug/L (Limit of Detection) after sixty minutes.

P39 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

Herbicide residues in flowing streams (unpublished report)

A large proportion of Blackberry infestations occur very close to streams or waterbodies. Therefore, herbicide control measures have the potential to contaminate the water body, at the time of spraying, and soon after. This project was designed to measure the potential of glyphosate, triclopyr and picloram herbicides to contaminate the Brunswick River after a simulated Blackberry spraying operation.

Samples of water and sediment were taken at the site of application and 20 m downstream at 1 minute intervals to 5 minutes after spraying, then 20, 60 and 120 minutes after, and 1 week later.

Analysis of the samples showed that no detectable glyphosate or picloram residues were present in either the water or sediment, and that triclopyr was not found in the sediment. Triclopyr residues were found in the water, 1 minute after spraying and 20 m downstream at a maximum level of 0.6ug/L. These levels declined to <0.02 ug/L (Limit of Detection) after sixty minutes.

P39 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

1986: Burswood Island groundwater. Pesticide detected: Heptachlor.

19 samples of ground water were taken from Burswood Island in 1986, by the Entomology Branch, to assess the effects of Argentine Ant treatments. All samples were found to contain <0.01ug/L of any organochlorine except one sample containing 0.09 ug/L of heptachlor.

P38 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

19 samples of ground water were taken from Burswood Island in 1986, by the Entomology Branch, to assess the effects of Argentine Ant treatments. All samples were found to contain <0.01ug/L of any organochlorine except one sample containing 0.09 ug/L of heptachlor.

P38 Monitoring Pesticides – A Review. A Report to the Environmental Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford. December 1989

1982: Lake Neerabup. Stock poisoning. Pesticide: Heptachlor

Levels in soil, pasture and water at Lake Neerabup (unpublished data)

This monitoring study evolved from the treatment of a pasture adjoining Lake Neerabup, about 50km north of Perth for Argentine Ant control in early 1982. Shortly after pasture was sprayed, stock were returned to the pasture. Several cattle and horses died, as a result of acute heptachlor poisoning. Repeat treatments at different parts of the Lake occurred in 1983 and 1984.

The Entomology Branch of the Department has been regularly monitoring heptachlor and chlordane levels at a number of locations in Perth and in rural areas, in pasture, soil and water since that time.

While no results have been published, the study has provided much information on the degradation rates of these chemicals in the metropolitan environment. The results show that the initially high levels of heptachlor and chlordane in herbage fall to less than 1mg/kg within 12 months of application, but that residues after that time decline extremely slowly, and are likely to be detectable for some years to come.

P36/7 Monitoring Pesticides A Review. A Report to the Environment Protection Authority. Peter A Rutherford December 1989.

Levels in soil, pasture and water at Lake Neerabup (unpublished data)

This monitoring study evolved from the treatment of a pasture adjoining Lake Neerabup, about 50km north of Perth for Argentine Ant control in early 1982. Shortly after pasture was sprayed, stock were returned to the pasture. Several cattle and horses died, as a result of acute heptachlor poisoning. Repeat treatments at different parts of the Lake occurred in 1983 and 1984.

The Entomology Branch of the Department has been regularly monitoring heptachlor and chlordane levels at a number of locations in Perth and in rural areas, in pasture, soil and water since that time.

While no results have been published, the study has provided much information on the degradation rates of these chemicals in the metropolitan environment. The results show that the initially high levels of heptachlor and chlordane in herbage fall to less than 1mg/kg within 12 months of application, but that residues after that time decline extremely slowly, and are likely to be detectable for some years to come.

P36/7 Monitoring Pesticides A Review. A Report to the Environment Protection Authority. Peter A Rutherford December 1989.

1979 – 1982: Geraldton Spray Drift. Pesticide of concern: 2,4-D

Airborne 2,4-D and tomato damage at Geraldton (Gilbey et al 1984).

A series of studies were conducted between 1979 and 1982 to monitor the airborne levels of 2,4-D in the Geraldton region. The work was coordinated by Des Gilbey, Weed Research Officer, assisted by a team of officers from several government departments.

The work was done in response to complaints over many years that tomato growers in and around Geraldton were suffering crop damage as a result of 2,4-D spray drift caused by wheat growers further east. It was originally assumed that volatile 2,4-D ester vapour from several kilometres away was responsible. This may or may not have been so, but the monitoring study coincided with a change in Restricted Spraying Regulations, when the use of high volatile 2,4-D esters was prohibited within 50km of Geraldton, instead of the 19km permitted before 1979.

The study showed that tomato crop damage was more likely to have been caused by short distance droplet drift of 2,4-D amine (which is allowed to be used within 50 km of Geraldton), and to a lesser extent droplet and vapour from 2,4-D ester applied within the prohibited area.

This study has implications for the problem of herbicide drift and damage to non-target vegetation. The study found that, with the monitoring equipment and resources available it was not possible to identify individual spraying events – and thereby pin-point the source. Neither could the monitors distinguish between a high concentration for a short time, and a constant low level during the weekly monitoring interval. Short duration, say hourly, monitoring would be needed to detect peak concentrations.

p35 Monitoring Pesticides. A Review to the Environment Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford December 1989

Airborne 2,4-D and tomato damage at Geraldton (Gilbey et al 1984).

A series of studies were conducted between 1979 and 1982 to monitor the airborne levels of 2,4-D in the Geraldton region. The work was coordinated by Des Gilbey, Weed Research Officer, assisted by a team of officers from several government departments.

The work was done in response to complaints over many years that tomato growers in and around Geraldton were suffering crop damage as a result of 2,4-D spray drift caused by wheat growers further east. It was originally assumed that volatile 2,4-D ester vapour from several kilometres away was responsible. This may or may not have been so, but the monitoring study coincided with a change in Restricted Spraying Regulations, when the use of high volatile 2,4-D esters was prohibited within 50km of Geraldton, instead of the 19km permitted before 1979.

The study showed that tomato crop damage was more likely to have been caused by short distance droplet drift of 2,4-D amine (which is allowed to be used within 50 km of Geraldton), and to a lesser extent droplet and vapour from 2,4-D ester applied within the prohibited area.

This study has implications for the problem of herbicide drift and damage to non-target vegetation. The study found that, with the monitoring equipment and resources available it was not possible to identify individual spraying events – and thereby pin-point the source. Neither could the monitors distinguish between a high concentration for a short time, and a constant low level during the weekly monitoring interval. Short duration, say hourly, monitoring would be needed to detect peak concentrations.

p35 Monitoring Pesticides. A Review to the Environment Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford December 1989

1984: Lake Forrestdale (WA). Bird Kill. Pesticide: Temephos

Bird deaths. Temephos is moderately to highly toxic for birds, and is formulated as a granule which easily can be picked up by a ground or shallow water feeding bird. Hundreds of red stints died at Lake Forrestdale in 1984 as a result of Temephos granules applied to a rapidly drying lake.

p31 Monitoring Pesticides. A Review to the Environment Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford December 1989

Bird deaths. Temephos is moderately to highly toxic for birds, and is formulated as a granule which easily can be picked up by a ground or shallow water feeding bird. Hundreds of red stints died at Lake Forrestdale in 1984 as a result of Temephos granules applied to a rapidly drying lake.

p31 Monitoring Pesticides. A Review to the Environment Protection Authority by Peter A Rutherford December 1989

2012 July + 2017 July: Mypolonga (Murray River/South Australia). Pesticide detected: Simazine, MCPA

River Murray Mypolonga

25/7/12: Simazine 0.9ug/L

25/7/17: MCPA 0.97ug/L

River Murray Mypolonga

25/7/12: Simazine 0.9ug/L

25/7/17: MCPA 0.97ug/L

2012 December: North Adelaide EL S1 Tank Zone. Pesticide detected: MCPA

North Adelaide EL 51 Tank Zone

13/12/12: MCPA 0.05ug/L

North Adelaide EL 51 Tank Zone

13/12/12: MCPA 0.05ug/L

2012 August – 2013 June: Myponga Reservoir. Pesticide detections: MCPA

Myponga Reservoir

20/8/12: MCPA 0.07ug/L (Loc 1), 10/9/12: MCPA 0.08ug/L (Loc 1), 19/9/12: MCPA 0.07ug/L (Loc 1), 15/10/12: MCPA 0.07ug/L (Loc 1), 5/11/12: MCPA 0.07ug/L, 12/11/12: MCPA 0.06ug/L, 3/12/12: MCPA 0.05ug/L, 10/12/12: MCPA 0.05ug/L (Loc 1),  24/6/13: MCPA 0.06ug/L (Loc 1)

Myponga Reservoir

20/8/12: MCPA 0.07ug/L (Loc 1), 10/9/12: MCPA 0.08ug/L (Loc 1), 19/9/12: MCPA 0.07ug/L (Loc 1), 15/10/12: MCPA 0.07ug/L (Loc 1), 5/11/12: MCPA 0.07ug/L, 12/11/12: MCPA 0.06ug/L, 3/12/12: MCPA 0.05ug/L, 10/12/12: MCPA 0.05ug/L (Loc 1),  24/6/13: MCPA 0.06ug/L (Loc 1)

2011 – 2022: Myponga River Sample Pump. Pesticides detected: Triclopyr, MCPA, Omethoate, Dimethoate

Myponga River Sample Pump

26/9/11: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

2/7/12: MCPA 0.11ug/L

30/7/12: MCPA 0.19ug/L

27/8/12: MCPA 0.05ug/L

3/6/13: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

8/7/13: MCPA 0.1ug/L

5/8/13: MCPA 0.05ug/L

14/4/14: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

12/5/14: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

7/7/14: MCPA 0.09ug/L

16/2/15: Triclopyr 0.3ug/L

13/4/15: Metsulfuron Methyl 0.15ug/L, Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

4/7/16: MCPA 0.09ug/L

1/8/16: 2,4-D 0.09ug/L

7/8/16: MCPA 2.26ug/L

7/5/18: Metsulfuron Methyl 0.08ug/L

7/5/18: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

6/8/18: MCPA 0.77ug/L

6/8/18: Omethoate 0.02ug/L

29/6/18: Omethoate 0.04ug/L (automated sampler)

13/7/20: MCPA 0.56ug/L

5/10/20: Omethoate 0.03ug/L (automated sampler)

16/11/20: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

12/7/21: MCPA 0.05ug/L

6/6/22: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L 7/6/22: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

15/8/22: Myponga River Sample Pump MCPA 0.21ug/L

15/8/22: Myponga River automated sampler Dimethoate 0.04ug/L

Myponga River Catchment Research

8/8/19: MCPA 0.15ug/L

16/6/20: MCPA 0.44ug/L

 

Myponga River Sample Pump

26/9/11: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

2/7/12: MCPA 0.11ug/L

30/7/12: MCPA 0.19ug/L

27/8/12: MCPA 0.05ug/L

3/6/13: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

8/7/13: MCPA 0.1ug/L

5/8/13: MCPA 0.05ug/L

14/4/14: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

12/5/14: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

7/7/14: MCPA 0.09ug/L

16/2/15: Triclopyr 0.3ug/L

13/4/15: Metsulfuron Methyl 0.15ug/L, Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

4/7/16: MCPA 0.09ug/L

1/8/16: 2,4-D 0.09ug/L

7/8/16: MCPA 2.26ug/L

7/5/18: Metsulfuron Methyl 0.08ug/L

7/5/18: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

6/8/18: MCPA 0.77ug/L

6/8/18: Omethoate 0.02ug/L

29/6/18: Omethoate 0.04ug/L (automated sampler)

13/7/20: MCPA 0.56ug/L

5/10/20: Omethoate 0.03ug/L (automated sampler)

16/11/20: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

12/7/21: MCPA 0.05ug/L

6/6/22: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L 7/6/22: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

15/8/22: Myponga River Sample Pump MCPA 0.21ug/L

15/8/22: Myponga River automated sampler Dimethoate 0.04ug/L

Myponga River Catchment Research

8/8/19: MCPA 0.15ug/L

16/6/20: MCPA 0.44ug/L

2011 – 2022: Middle River, Kangaroo Island. Pesticides detected: MCPA, Triclopyr, Chlorosulfuron, Simazine

Middle River

8/8/11: MCPA 0.11ug/L (Middle River Road Bridge 1.5km u/s Reservoir)

8/8/11: MCPA 0.1ug/L (Middle River Res BC Upper Beehive Floating Offtake)

2/12/13: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L (Middle River Road Bridge 1.5km u/s Reservoir)

7/9/15: MCPA 0.1ug/L (Middle River Res BC Upper Beehive Floating Offtake)

14/8/17: MCPA 0.05ug/L (Middle River Res BC Upper Beehive Floating Offtake)

4/6/18: MCPA 0.24ug/L (Middle River Road Bridge 1.5km u/s Reservoir)

18/6/18: MCPA 0.08ug/L (Middle River Res BC Upper Beehive Floating Offtake)

16/7/18: MCPA 0.05ug/L (Middle River Res BC Upper Beehive Floating Offtake)

21/8/18: MCPA 0.23ug/L (Middle River Res BC Upper Beehive Floating Offtake)

19/8/19: MCPA 0.06ug/L (Middle River Res BC Upper Beehive Floating Offtake)

1/2/20: MCPA 0.07ug/L (Middle River Road Bridge 1.5km u/s Reservoir)

15/8/22: Middle River Road Bridge 1.5km u/s Reservoir MCPA 0.05ug/L

14/11/22: Middle River Road Bridge 1.5km u/s Reservoir MCPA 0.07ug/L

11/7/22: Middle River Raw Water Chlorosulfuron 0.05ug/L

15/8/22: Middle River Raw Water MCPA 0.27ug/L

15/8/22: Middle River Raw Water Simazine 0.7ug/L

17/10/22: Middle River Raw Water MCPA 0.09ug/L

Prior to World War II the residents of Kangaroo Island and its largest town, Kingscote, relied mainly on farm dams, rain water tanks and a small water supply scheme established in 1938 for their water.

But the lack of a major, reliable water supply became a major issue following the war, when the Soldier Settlement Scheme settled 170 new families on the Island.

The population on the Island more than doubled between 1948 and 1962, making the need to develop a reliable water supply urgent.

Following an intensive investigation, in 1965 the South Australian Government of the day approved the construction of a dam on the Middle River.

Completed in 1968, the Middle River Reservoir is a thin-walled, prestressed concrete structure which, along with major infrastructure such as roads, cost $1.6 million to build.

Middle River

8/8/11: MCPA 0.11ug/L (Middle River Road Bridge 1.5km u/s Reservoir)

8/8/11: MCPA 0.1ug/L (Middle River Res BC Upper Beehive Floating Offtake)

2/12/13: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L (Middle River Road Bridge 1.5km u/s Reservoir)

7/9/15: MCPA 0.1ug/L (Middle River Res BC Upper Beehive Floating Offtake)

14/8/17: MCPA 0.05ug/L (Middle River Res BC Upper Beehive Floating Offtake)

4/6/18: MCPA 0.24ug/L (Middle River Road Bridge 1.5km u/s Reservoir)

18/6/18: MCPA 0.08ug/L (Middle River Res BC Upper Beehive Floating Offtake)

16/7/18: MCPA 0.05ug/L (Middle River Res BC Upper Beehive Floating Offtake)

21/8/18: MCPA 0.23ug/L (Middle River Res BC Upper Beehive Floating Offtake)

19/8/19: MCPA 0.06ug/L (Middle River Res BC Upper Beehive Floating Offtake)

1/2/20: MCPA 0.07ug/L (Middle River Road Bridge 1.5km u/s Reservoir)

15/8/22: Middle River Road Bridge 1.5km u/s Reservoir MCPA 0.05ug/L

14/11/22: Middle River Road Bridge 1.5km u/s Reservoir MCPA 0.07ug/L

11/7/22: Middle River Raw Water Chlorosulfuron 0.05ug/L

15/8/22: Middle River Raw Water MCPA 0.27ug/L

15/8/22: Middle River Raw Water Simazine 0.7ug/L

17/10/22: Middle River Raw Water MCPA 0.09ug/L

Prior to World War II the residents of Kangaroo Island and its largest town, Kingscote, relied mainly on farm dams, rain water tanks and a small water supply scheme established in 1938 for their water.

But the lack of a major, reliable water supply became a major issue following the war, when the Soldier Settlement Scheme settled 170 new families on the Island.

The population on the Island more than doubled between 1948 and 1962, making the need to develop a reliable water supply urgent.

Following an intensive investigation, in 1965 the South Australian Government of the day approved the construction of a dam on the Middle River.

Completed in 1968, the Middle River Reservoir is a thin-walled, prestressed concrete structure which, along with major infrastructure such as roads, cost $1.6 million to build.

2011 August – 2015 September: Little Para Reservoir: Pesticides: Triclopyr

Little Para Reservoir Loc 9

23/8/11: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

20/9/11: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

21/4/15: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L, 5/5/15: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L, 19/5/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 2/6/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug.L, 16/6/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 13/8/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 25/8/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 8/9/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 22/9/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

Little Para Reservoir Loc 9 (10m)

21/4/15: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L, 5/5/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 19/5/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 2/6/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug.L, 16/6/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 13/8/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 25/8/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 8/9/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 22/9/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

Little Para Reservoir Loc 9 (20m)

21/4/15: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L, 5/5/15: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L, 19/5/15: Triclopyr 0.3ug/L, 2/6/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug.L, 16/6/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 13/8/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 25/8/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 8/9/15: MCPA 0.09ug/L, 22/9/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

Little Para Reservoir Loc 9 (24m)

21/4/15: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L, 5/5/15: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L, 19/5/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 2/6/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug.L, 16/6/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 13/8/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 25/8/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 8/9/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 22/9/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

Little Para Reservoir Loc 9

23/8/11: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

20/9/11: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

21/4/15: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L, 5/5/15: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L, 19/5/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 2/6/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug.L, 16/6/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 13/8/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 25/8/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 8/9/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 22/9/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

Little Para Reservoir Loc 9 (10m)

21/4/15: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L, 5/5/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 19/5/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 2/6/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug.L, 16/6/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 13/8/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 25/8/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 8/9/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 22/9/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

Little Para Reservoir Loc 9 (20m)

21/4/15: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L, 5/5/15: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L, 19/5/15: Triclopyr 0.3ug/L, 2/6/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug.L, 16/6/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 13/8/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 25/8/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 8/9/15: MCPA 0.09ug/L, 22/9/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

Little Para Reservoir Loc 9 (24m)

21/4/15: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L, 5/5/15: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L, 19/5/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 2/6/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug.L, 16/6/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 13/8/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 25/8/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 8/9/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L, 22/9/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

2011/2013 + 2019/2022: Kersbrook Creek. Pesticide detections: MCPA, Picloram, Triclopyr, Metsulfuron Methyl

Kersbrook Creek

18/7/11: MCPA 2.1ug/L

10/10/11: MCPA 0.16ug/L

3/1/12: Picloram 0.9ug/L, Triclopyr 1ug/L

18/6/12: Picloram 0.5ug/L, Triclopyr 0.6ug/L

16/7/12: MCPA 0.61ug/L, Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

10/9/12: MCPA 0.12ug/L

3/12/12: Picloram 0.3ug/L

17/6/13: Picloram 0.7ug/L, Triclopyr 1ug/L

8/7/19: Metsulfuron Methyl 0.14ug/L

5/8/19: MCPA 0.07ug/L

30/9/19: MCPA 0.06ug/L

16/12/19: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

10/6/20: MCPA 3.44ug/L

13/7/20: MCPA 0.61ug/L

17/8/20: MCPA 0.15ug/L

14/9/20: MCPA 0.05ug/L

6/5/22: MCPA 2.08ug/L

15/8/22: Kersbrook Creek Sample Pump MCPA 0.08ug/L

7/11/22: Kersbrook Creek Sample Pump MCPA 0.38ug/L

 

Kersbrook Creek

18/7/11: MCPA 2.1ug/L

10/10/11: MCPA 0.16ug/L

3/1/12: Picloram 0.9ug/L, Triclopyr 1ug/L

18/6/12: Picloram 0.5ug/L, Triclopyr 0.6ug/L

16/7/12: MCPA 0.61ug/L, Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

10/9/12: MCPA 0.12ug/L

3/12/12: Picloram 0.3ug/L

17/6/13: Picloram 0.7ug/L, Triclopyr 1ug/L

8/7/19: Metsulfuron Methyl 0.14ug/L

5/8/19: MCPA 0.07ug/L

30/9/19: MCPA 0.06ug/L

16/12/19: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

10/6/20: MCPA 3.44ug/L

13/7/20: MCPA 0.61ug/L

17/8/20: MCPA 0.15ug/L

14/9/20: MCPA 0.05ug/L

6/5/22: MCPA 2.08ug/L

15/8/22: Kersbrook Creek Sample Pump MCPA 0.08ug/L

7/11/22: Kersbrook Creek Sample Pump MCPA 0.38ug/L

2011 July – 2014 December: Hope Valley Reservoir. Pesticides detected: Triclopyr, MCPA

Hope Valley Reservoir Loc 9

12/7/11: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L (Loc 9)

19/7/11: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L (Loc 9)

26/7/11: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L (Loc 9)

23/8/11: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L (Loc 9)

11/12/12: MCPA 0.07ug/L

7/1/13: MCPA 0.06ug/L (Loc 1)

8/1/13: MCPA 0.07ug/L

5/2/13: MCPA 0.06ug/L

13/1/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L (Loc 5 Grab)

Hope Valley Reservoir Loc 9

12/7/11: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L (Loc 9)

19/7/11: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L (Loc 9)

26/7/11: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L (Loc 9)

23/8/11: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L (Loc 9)

11/12/12: MCPA 0.07ug/L

7/1/13: MCPA 0.06ug/L (Loc 1)

8/1/13: MCPA 0.07ug/L

5/2/13: MCPA 0.06ug/L

13/1/15: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L (Loc 5 Grab)

2012 – 2022: Happy Valley Water Treatment Plant Inlet. Pesticides detected: MCPA

Happy Valley Water Treatment Plant  Inlet

5/11/12: MCPA 0.06ug/L

31/12/12: MCPA 0.06ug/L

9/10/13: MCPA 0.06ug/L

8/9/14: MCPA 0.05ug/L

8/10/14: MCPA 0.06ug/L

3/11/14: MCPA 0.05ug/L

1/12/14: MCPA 0.06ug/L

15/8/16: MCPA 0.07ug/L

17/10/16: MCPA 0.07ug/L

14/11/16: MCPA 0.06ug/L

12/12/16: MCPA 0.05ug/L

13/11/17: MCPA 0.05ug/L

11/12/17: MCPA 0.06ug/L

22/1/18: MCPA 0.06ug/L

19/8/19: MCPA 0.07ug/L

16/9/19: MCPA 0.1ug/L

21/10/19: MCPA 0.08ug/L

18/11/19: MCPA 0.06ug/L

14/9/20: MCPA 0.08ug/L

17/8/20: MCPA 0.1ug/L

19/10/20: MCPA 0.06ug/L

16/8/21: MCPA 0.05ug/L

13/9/21: MCPA 0.07ug/L

11/10/21: MCPA 0.08ug/L

8/11/21: MCPA 0.07ug/L

6/12/21: MCPA 0.06ug/L

17/1/22: MCPA 0.05ug/L

The Happy Valley Reservoir is a water reservoir located in Adelaide, Australia. Constructed when the total population of Adelaide numbered 315,200 (1893 census), the Happy Valley Reservoir now supplies over a half a million people, from Adelaide's southern extent to the city-centre.

Happy Valley Water Treatment Plant  Inlet

5/11/12: MCPA 0.06ug/L

31/12/12: MCPA 0.06ug/L

9/10/13: MCPA 0.06ug/L

8/9/14: MCPA 0.05ug/L

8/10/14: MCPA 0.06ug/L

3/11/14: MCPA 0.05ug/L

1/12/14: MCPA 0.06ug/L

15/8/16: MCPA 0.07ug/L

17/10/16: MCPA 0.07ug/L

14/11/16: MCPA 0.06ug/L

12/12/16: MCPA 0.05ug/L

13/11/17: MCPA 0.05ug/L

11/12/17: MCPA 0.06ug/L

22/1/18: MCPA 0.06ug/L

19/8/19: MCPA 0.07ug/L

16/9/19: MCPA 0.1ug/L

21/10/19: MCPA 0.08ug/L

18/11/19: MCPA 0.06ug/L

14/9/20: MCPA 0.08ug/L

17/8/20: MCPA 0.1ug/L

19/10/20: MCPA 0.06ug/L

16/8/21: MCPA 0.05ug/L

13/9/21: MCPA 0.07ug/L

11/10/21: MCPA 0.08ug/L

8/11/21: MCPA 0.07ug/L

6/12/21: MCPA 0.06ug/L

17/1/22: MCPA 0.05ug/L

The Happy Valley Reservoir is a water reservoir located in Adelaide, Australia. Constructed when the total population of Adelaide numbered 315,200 (1893 census), the Happy Valley Reservoir now supplies over a half a million people, from Adelaide’s southern extent to the city-centre.

2012 November – 2013 February: Happy Valley Reservoir. Pesticides detected: MCPA

Happy Valley Reservoir Loc 1

12/11/12: MCPA 0.06ug/L

10/12/12: MCPA 0.06ug/L

4/2/13: MCPA 0.05ug/L

The Happy Valley Reservoir is a water reservoir located in Adelaide. Constructed when the total population of Adelaide numbered 315,200 (1893 census), the Happy Valley Reservoir now supplies over a half a million people, from Adelaide's southern extent to the city centre.

Happy Valley Reservoir Loc 1

12/11/12: MCPA 0.06ug/L

10/12/12: MCPA 0.06ug/L

4/2/13: MCPA 0.05ug/L

The Happy Valley Reservoir is a water reservoir located in Adelaide. Constructed when the total population of Adelaide numbered 315,200 (1893 census), the Happy Valley Reservoir now supplies over a half a million people, from Adelaide’s southern extent to the city centre.

2011 – 2023: Gumeracha Weir 2.6km upstream. Pesticides detected: MCPA, Triclopyr, Dicamba, Chlorthal-Dimethyl, Chlorsulfuron, Metsulfuron Methyl, Picloram

Woods and Forests Ford 2.6km upstream Gumeracha Weir 2011-23

4/7/11: MCPA 1.35ug/L, Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

26/9/11: Dicamba 0.3ug/L

26/9/11: MCPA 0.99ug/L

30/7/12: MCPA 0.48ug/L

27/8/12: MCPA 0.12ug/L

3/6/13: MCPA 0.24ug/L, Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

8/7/13: MCPA 0.1ug/L

5/8/13: MCPA 0.12ug/L

13/9/13: Chlorthal-Dimethyl 2.62ug/L

18/9/13: Chlorthal-Dimethyl 0.05ug/L

28/10/13: Chlorsulfuron 0.05ug/L

20/1/14: Metsulfuron Methyl 0.42ug/L

7/2/14: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

14/4/14: MCPA 0.15ug/L

7/7/14: MCPA 0.43ug/L

4/8/14: MCPA 0.56ug/L

1/9/14: MCPA 0.07ug/L

19/1/15: Metsulfuron Methyl 0.07ug/L

3/8/15: MCPA 0.12ug/L

13/4/16: MCPA 0.12ug/L

15/8/16: MCPA 0.07ug/L

29/8/16: MCPA 0.06ug/L

31/7/17: MCPA 0.34ug/L

15/1/18: Triclopyr 0.5ug/L

7/5/18: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

7/5/18: Picloram 0.2ug/L

8/6/18: MCPA 0.94ug/L

13/5/19: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

12/6/19: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

13/7/20: MCPA 0.05ug/L, Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

16/8/21: MCPA 0.06ug/L

13/9/21: MCPA 0.05ug/L

4/4/22: Triclopyr 3ug/L

21/4/22: Triclopyr 1.8ug/L

2/5/22: Triclopyr 1.3ug/L

26/5/22: Triclopyr 0.4ug/L

6/6/22: MCPA 0.16ug/L, Triclopyr 1.2ug/L

11/7/22: Gumeracha Weir Woods and Forests Weir US sample pump Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

15/8/22: Gumeracha Weir Woods and Forests Weir US sample pump MCPA 0.65ug/L

12/9/22: Gumeracha Weir Woods and Forests Weir US sample pump MCPA 0.2ug/L

10/10/22: Gumeracha Weir Woods and Forests Weir US sample pump 2,4-D 0.09ug/L

10/10/22: Gumeracha Weir Woods and Forests Weir US sample pump MCPA 0.06ug/L

6/2/23: Gumeracha Weir Woods and Forests Weir US sample pump 2,4-D 0.05ug/L

 

Woods and Forests Ford 2.6km upstream Gumeracha Weir 2011-23

4/7/11: MCPA 1.35ug/L, Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

26/9/11: Dicamba 0.3ug/L

26/9/11: MCPA 0.99ug/L

30/7/12: MCPA 0.48ug/L

27/8/12: MCPA 0.12ug/L

3/6/13: MCPA 0.24ug/L, Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

8/7/13: MCPA 0.1ug/L

5/8/13: MCPA 0.12ug/L

13/9/13: Chlorthal-Dimethyl 2.62ug/L

18/9/13: Chlorthal-Dimethyl 0.05ug/L

28/10/13: Chlorsulfuron 0.05ug/L

20/1/14: Metsulfuron Methyl 0.42ug/L

7/2/14: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

14/4/14: MCPA 0.15ug/L

7/7/14: MCPA 0.43ug/L

4/8/14: MCPA 0.56ug/L

1/9/14: MCPA 0.07ug/L

19/1/15: Metsulfuron Methyl 0.07ug/L

3/8/15: MCPA 0.12ug/L

13/4/16: MCPA 0.12ug/L

15/8/16: MCPA 0.07ug/L

29/8/16: MCPA 0.06ug/L

31/7/17: MCPA 0.34ug/L

15/1/18: Triclopyr 0.5ug/L

7/5/18: Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

7/5/18: Picloram 0.2ug/L

8/6/18: MCPA 0.94ug/L

13/5/19: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

12/6/19: Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

13/7/20: MCPA 0.05ug/L, Triclopyr 0.2ug/L

16/8/21: MCPA 0.06ug/L

13/9/21: MCPA 0.05ug/L

4/4/22: Triclopyr 3ug/L

21/4/22: Triclopyr 1.8ug/L

2/5/22: Triclopyr 1.3ug/L

26/5/22: Triclopyr 0.4ug/L

6/6/22: MCPA 0.16ug/L, Triclopyr 1.2ug/L

11/7/22: Gumeracha Weir Woods and Forests Weir US sample pump Triclopyr 0.1ug/L

15/8/22: Gumeracha Weir Woods and Forests Weir US sample pump MCPA 0.65ug/L

12/9/22: Gumeracha Weir Woods and Forests Weir US sample pump MCPA 0.2ug/L

10/10/22: Gumeracha Weir Woods and Forests Weir US sample pump 2,4-D 0.09ug/L

10/10/22: Gumeracha Weir Woods and Forests Weir US sample pump MCPA 0.06ug/L

6/2/23: Gumeracha Weir Woods and Forests Weir US sample pump 2,4-D 0.05ug/L

 

1972: Barmera. Pesticide residues in fauna. DDT

Department of Fisheries & Fauna Conservation, South Australia

DDT and derivatives

Barmera

Pelican: Brain 0.24, Liver 0.36, Body Fat 9.41

Cormorant: Brain 0.26, Liver 0.06, Body Fat 0.24

p67 Use of DDT in Australia. Australian Academy of Science, 1972

Department of Fisheries & Fauna Conservation, South Australia

DDT and derivatives

Barmera

Pelican: Brain 0.24, Liver 0.36, Body Fat 9.41

Cormorant: Brain 0.26, Liver 0.06, Body Fat 0.24

p67 Use of DDT in Australia. Australian Academy of Science, 1972

1972: Adelaide Hills. Pesticide residues in fauna. DDT

Department of Fisheries & Fauna Conservation, South Australia

DDT and derivatives

Adelaide Hills

Willy Wagtail: Body 0.32 ppm

p67 Use of DDT in Australia. Australian Academy of Science, 1972

Department of Fisheries & Fauna Conservation, South Australia

DDT and derivatives

Adelaide Hills

Willy Wagtail: Body 0.32 ppm

p67 Use of DDT in Australia. Australian Academy of Science, 1972

1972: Lower Murray. Pesticide residues in fauna. DDT

Department of Fisheries & Fauna Conservation, South Australia

DDT and derivatives

Lower Murray

Darter: Body Fat 3.78 ppm

Cormorant: Liver 0.18, 0.06, 0.08 ppm

p67 Use of DDT in Australia. Australian Academy of Science, 1972

Department of Fisheries & Fauna Conservation, South Australia

DDT and derivatives

Lower Murray

Darter: Body Fat 3.78 ppm

Cormorant: Liver 0.18, 0.06, 0.08 ppm

p67 Use of DDT in Australia. Australian Academy of Science, 1972

1972: Adelaide. Pesticide residues in fauna. DDT

Department of Fisheries & Fauna Conservation, South Australia

DDT and derivatives

Adelaide

Wattle Bird: Intestinal Tract 0.23

p67 Use of DDT in Australia. Australian Academy of Science, 1972

Department of Fisheries & Fauna Conservation, South Australia

DDT and derivatives

Adelaide

Wattle Bird: Intestinal Tract 0.23

p67 Use of DDT in Australia. Australian Academy of Science, 1972

1972: Naracoorte. Pesticide Residues in Fauna. DDT

Department of Fisheries & Fauna Conservation, South Australia

DDT and derivatives

Naracoorte

Welcome Swallow: Body 0.08

p67 Use of DDT in Australia. Australian Academy of Science, 1972

Department of Fisheries & Fauna Conservation, South Australia

DDT and derivatives

Naracoorte

Welcome Swallow: Body 0.08

p67 Use of DDT in Australia. Australian Academy of Science, 1972

1972: Darwin River. Pesticide residues in fauna. DDT

Animal Industry and Agricultural Branch NT Administration

(ppm, wet weight)

Darwin River

Barramundi: 0.7 DDT, 0.27 DDE, 0.21 TDE

Shark: 0.37 DDT, 0.19 DDE

Source: The Use of DDT in Australia - Australian Academy of Science February 1972

Animal Industry and Agricultural Branch NT Administration

(ppm, wet weight)

Darwin River

Barramundi: 0.7 DDT, 0.27 DDE, 0.21 TDE

Shark: 0.37 DDT, 0.19 DDE

Source: The Use of DDT in Australia – Australian Academy of Science February 1972

1972: Hamilton Downs. Pesticide residues in fauna. DDT

Animal Industry and Agricultural Branch NT Administration

(ppm, wet weight)

Hamilton Downs

Kangaroo: 0.05 DDT + 0.03 DDT derivatives

Source: The Use of DDT in Australia - Australian Academy of Science February 1972

Animal Industry and Agricultural Branch NT Administration

(ppm, wet weight)

Hamilton Downs

Kangaroo: 0.05 DDT + 0.03 DDT derivatives

Source: The Use of DDT in Australia – Australian Academy of Science February 1972

1972: Tanami. Pesticide residues in fauna. DDT

Animal Industry and Agricultural Branch NT Administration

(ppm, wet weight)

Tanami

Feral Cat: 0.07 DDT

Source: The Use of DDT in Australia - Australian Academy of Science February 1972

Animal Industry and Agricultural Branch NT Administration

(ppm, wet weight)

Tanami

Feral Cat: 0.07 DDT

Source: The Use of DDT in Australia – Australian Academy of Science February 1972

1972: Eridunda. Pesticide residues in Fauna. DDT

Animal Industry and Agricultural Branch NT Administration

(ppm, wet weight)

Eridunda

Dingo: 0.05 DDT

Fox: 0.03 DDT

Source: The Use of DDT in Australia - Australian Academy of Science February 1972

Animal Industry and Agricultural Branch NT Administration

(ppm, wet weight)

Eridunda

Dingo: 0.05 DDT

Fox: 0.03 DDT

Source: The Use of DDT in Australia – Australian Academy of Science February 1972

1972: Marraki – DDT residues in Fauna.

Animal Industry and Agricultural Branch NT Administration

(ppm, wet weight)

Marraki

Magpie Goose: 1.03 DDT, 6 DDE, 0.5 TDE

Snake: 39.8 DDT, 11 DDE, 1,63 TDE

Source: The Use of DDT in Australia - Australian Academy of Science February 1972

Animal Industry and Agricultural Branch NT Administration

(ppm, wet weight)

Marraki

Magpie Goose: 1.03 DDT, 6 DDE, 0.5 TDE

Snake: 39.8 DDT, 11 DDE, 1,63 TDE

Source: The Use of DDT in Australia – Australian Academy of Science February 1972

1972: Alice Springs. Pesticide residues in fauna.

Animal Industry and Agricultural Branch NT Administration

(ppm, wet weight)

Alice Springs

Galah: 0.09 DDT, 0.19 DDE, 0.14 TDE

Kite Hawk: 0.97 DDT, 0.133 DDE, 0.75 TDE

Crow: 0.89 DDT, 1.18 DDE

Source: The Use of DDT in Australia - Australian Academy of Science February 1972

Animal Industry and Agricultural Branch NT Administration

(ppm, wet weight)

Alice Springs

Galah: 0.09 DDT, 0.19 DDE, 0.14 TDE

Kite Hawk: 0.97 DDT, 0.133 DDE, 0.75 TDE

Crow: 0.89 DDT, 1.18 DDE

Source: The Use of DDT in Australia – Australian Academy of Science February 1972

1972: Mudginberri. DDT residues in fauna

Animal Industry and Agricultural Branch NT Administration

(ppm, wet weight)

Mudginberri

Kite Hawk: 0.2 DDT, 1 DDE, 0.3 TDE

Crocodile: 0.1 DDE,

Source: The Use of DDT in Australia - Australian Academy of Science February 1972

Animal Industry and Agricultural Branch NT Administration

(ppm, wet weight)

Mudginberri

Kite Hawk: 0.2 DDT, 1 DDE, 0.3 TDE

Crocodile: 0.1 DDE,

Source: The Use of DDT in Australia – Australian Academy of Science February 1972

1980’s: Bowen tomato pickers health problems

*** worked as a tomato picker in North Queensland for 16 years spending up to 60 hours a week in the fields at the height of the season. By 1983 she had developed symptoms of pesticide poisoning; headaches, a swollen face, skin rashes, hair loss, blood blisters on the mouth, brittle hair, hair loss and bad nerves. Her condition worsened and she contracted a blood disorder. There is no doubt in Rhonda's mind about her exposure. She recalls direct contact with pesticides on the actual plants as well as contact with contaminated spray equipment and clothing. She also recalls being covered with spray from planes, and breathing in the fumes as she worked. Most of her workmates had allergies and headaches in the picking season and she knows of six other Bowen residents with the same blood disorder as hers. Curiously, she noted, her condition was first described as a response to quinine, and later to the sedative carbromol, but her doctor dismissed the suggestions that pesticides could induce a similar response. 'All the doctors I went to told me that my problem would not be caused by chemicals that I was exposed to every day of my working life. Like a fool, I believed them.  p230 Quick Poison Slow Poison. Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country. 1994 Kate Short

*** worked as a tomato picker in North Queensland for 16 years spending up to 60 hours a week in the fields at the height of the season. By 1983 she had developed symptoms of pesticide poisoning; headaches, a swollen face, skin rashes, hair loss, blood blisters on the mouth, brittle hair, hair loss and bad nerves. Her condition worsened and she contracted a blood disorder. There is no doubt in Rhonda’s mind about her exposure. She recalls direct contact with pesticides on the actual plants as well as contact with contaminated spray equipment and clothing. She also recalls being covered with spray from planes, and breathing in the fumes as she worked. Most of her workmates had allergies and headaches in the picking season and she knows of six other Bowen residents with the same blood disorder as hers. Curiously, she noted, her condition was first described as a response to quinine, and later to the sedative carbromol, but her doctor dismissed the suggestions that pesticides could induce a similar response. ‘All the doctors I went to told me that my problem would not be caused by chemicals that I was exposed to every day of my working life. Like a fool, I believed them.  p230 Quick Poison Slow Poison. Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country. 1994 Kate Short

1990?: Moree region. Pesticide illness

This year I worked as a cotton chipper on a farm outside Moree. I also worked as a contractor and sometimes hired the children of neighbouring farmers to chip the fields. I know of other contractors who hire children as young as eight. In January a friend and I went into a field that had been sprayed 24 hours before. We both came out in sores the size of fingernails on our arms, neck and face. My friend went to the Moree doctor and was told that the sores were school sores. The issue of pesticide exposure was not discussed even though the doctor knew my friend was a chipper. p230 Quick Poison Slow Poison. Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country. 1994 Kate Short.

This year I worked as a cotton chipper on a farm outside Moree. I also worked as a contractor and sometimes hired the children of neighbouring farmers to chip the fields. I know of other contractors who hire children as young as eight. In January a friend and I went into a field that had been sprayed 24 hours before. We both came out in sores the size of fingernails on our arms, neck and face. My friend went to the Moree doctor and was told that the sores were school sores. The issue of pesticide exposure was not discussed even though the doctor knew my friend was a chipper. p230 Quick Poison Slow Poison. Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country. 1994 Kate Short.

1989 January: Pacific Palms: Pesticides detected: Dieldrin, Aldrin

Residents of Pacific Palms on the NSW central coast did not want to give up tank for town water after tests had detected worrying levels of OC contamination of the town supply. Resident Ross Bowen was particularly concerned about the attitude of the NSW Government:

We are interested in Mr Causley's statements... that NSW residents were protected by the high standards set and the testing regimes adopted for possible food and water contamination. The water supply planned for Pacific Palms comes from the Wingham area which has cattle quarantined for high pesticide residues. Our group ... have been testing the planned water supply ... and note that dieldrin and aldrin are present. The levels vary from 0.1 to 0.4 ppb and as such they are under the MRLs adopted by the NSW Government. What concerns our group is that these MRLs are based on 1971 information and they are now 30 times higher than the WHO recommendations of 0.03ppb. p204 Quick Poison Slow Poison. Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country. 1994 Kate Short.

Residents of Pacific Palms on the NSW central coast did not want to give up tank for town water after tests had detected worrying levels of OC contamination of the town supply. Resident Ross Bowen was particularly concerned about the attitude of the NSW Government:

We are interested in Mr Causley’s statements… that NSW residents were protected by the high standards set and the testing regimes adopted for possible food and water contamination. The water supply planned for Pacific Palms comes from the Wingham area which has cattle quarantined for high pesticide residues. Our group … have been testing the planned water supply … and note that dieldrin and aldrin are present. The levels vary from 0.1 to 0.4 ppb and as such they are under the MRLs adopted by the NSW Government. What concerns our group is that these MRLs are based on 1971 information and they are now 30 times higher than the WHO recommendations of 0.03ppb. p204 Quick Poison Slow Poison. Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country. 1994 Kate Short.

1973 – 1984: Coffs Harbour. Birth Defects

The inadequacy of Commonwealth record-keeping of birth defects was dramatically illustrated in Coffs Harbour. In 1986 local residents Grace Bartram and Lorraine Wright noticed what appeared to be an excessive number of children born with cleft lips and palates. With the help of a sympathetic local doctor, they checked their information against official records and discovered that the two sets of figures did not tally. It became clear that the hospital had failed to notify the Commonwealth Perinatal Statistics Unit of all children born with facial abnormalities between 1981 and 1984. Shocked by what they had discovered, Bartram and Wright spoke to many women from Coffs Harbour region, as well as many from interstate and abroad. They discovered things which official records did not mention, including the fact that at least six women who had visited Coffs Harbour in early pregancy, had returned home to give birth to deformed children within the period of the identified birth defect cluster. They also spoke confidentially with a nursing sister who had worked at the Coffs Harbour Hospital during the 1970's. She had reported that in 1973 there were 12 neural defects and a further 11 major defects from a total of 320 births, an extremely high level of abnormalities. p189 Quick Poison Slow Poison. Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country. 1994 Kate Short.

The inadequacy of Commonwealth record-keeping of birth defects was dramatically illustrated in Coffs Harbour. In 1986 local residents Grace Bartram and Lorraine Wright noticed what appeared to be an excessive number of children born with cleft lips and palates. With the help of a sympathetic local doctor, they checked their information against official records and discovered that the two sets of figures did not tally. It became clear that the hospital had failed to notify the Commonwealth Perinatal Statistics Unit of all children born with facial abnormalities between 1981 and 1984. Shocked by what they had discovered, Bartram and Wright spoke to many women from Coffs Harbour region, as well as many from interstate and abroad. They discovered things which official records did not mention, including the fact that at least six women who had visited Coffs Harbour in early pregancy, had returned home to give birth to deformed children within the period of the identified birth defect cluster. They also spoke confidentially with a nursing sister who had worked at the Coffs Harbour Hospital during the 1970’s. She had reported that in 1973 there were 12 neural defects and a further 11 major defects from a total of 320 births, an extremely high level of abnormalities. p189 Quick Poison Slow Poison. Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country. 1994 Kate Short.

1980 – 1986: Carnarvon Birth Defects

In 1988 the Health Department investigated a cluster of birth defects in Carnarvon, a banana growing town north of Perth. The report noted that a cluster of neural tube defects in children born between 1980 and 1986 occurred at a rate nearly three and a half times the state average and concluded:  The offspring of parents working on the plantations had a very small and statistically non-significant increase in the risk of birth defects, which may simply be a chance finding. There was no further evidence to suggest a causal relationship.

The report also reviewed earlier birth defect studies in Yarram, Edenhope, the Latrobe Valley, Coffs Harbour and rural Western Australia and concluded that evidence identifying pesticides as causative agents was 'scanty'. While the authors stated that 'many studies were based on small numbers and none measured exposure to specific chemicals in individual parents', they still concluded, without qualification, that there was 'no strong or consistent evidence... in the published literature to support an association of birth defects and agricultural chemicals'. Quick Poison Slow Poison. Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country. p151/2 1994 Kate Short.

In 1988 the Health Department investigated a cluster of birth defects in Carnarvon, a banana growing town north of Perth. The report noted that a cluster of neural tube defects in children born between 1980 and 1986 occurred at a rate nearly three and a half times the state average and concluded:  The offspring of parents working on the plantations had a very small and statistically non-significant increase in the risk of birth defects, which may simply be a chance finding. There was no further evidence to suggest a causal relationship.

The report also reviewed earlier birth defect studies in Yarram, Edenhope, the Latrobe Valley, Coffs Harbour and rural Western Australia and concluded that evidence identifying pesticides as causative agents was ‘scanty’. While the authors stated that ‘many studies were based on small numbers and none measured exposure to specific chemicals in individual parents’, they still concluded, without qualification, that there was ‘no strong or consistent evidence… in the published literature to support an association of birth defects and agricultural chemicals’. Quick Poison Slow Poison. Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country. p151/2 1994 Kate Short.

1980’s: Woolgoolga. Cattle Deformities

A cattle breeder at Woolgoolga near Coff's Harbour, reported that one of his cows had given birth to a calf that was deaf, had misshappen ears and chewing and swallowing problems. He noted that the date of its conception was approximately the same as those of the group of Coff's Harbour children born with severe facial deformities. He was keenly aware of his farm's close proximity to a banana plantation where pesticides were aerially sprayed. In the following year, the same cow delivered a perfectly healthy calf. There had been no spraying during the gestation period. p145 Quick Poison Slow Poison. Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country 1994 Kate Short

A cattle breeder at Woolgoolga near Coff’s Harbour, reported that one of his cows had given birth to a calf that was deaf, had misshappen ears and chewing and swallowing problems. He noted that the date of its conception was approximately the same as those of the group of Coff’s Harbour children born with severe facial deformities. He was keenly aware of his farm’s close proximity to a banana plantation where pesticides were aerially sprayed. In the following year, the same cow delivered a perfectly healthy calf. There had been no spraying during the gestation period. p145 Quick Poison Slow Poison. Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country 1994 Kate Short

1980’s: Exeter Tip: Pesticide detected: Dieldrin.

Tasmanian *** noticed that animals grazing freely in paddocks gave birth to malformed offspring, while penned animals did not. Freely grazing cattle also became lame and died after profuse bleeding from the nose, mouth and ears. Local vets diagnosed poisoning, but were unable to pinpoint the source. Analysis of the soil revealed dieldrin levels so high that *** requested the Department of Agriculture to quarantine part of his farm. The dieldrin had leached from drums dumped at the Exeter tip, located in the water catchment upstream of his property. p 144/5 Quick Poison Slow Poison. Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country. 1994 Kate Short

Tasmanian *** noticed that animals grazing freely in paddocks gave birth to malformed offspring, while penned animals did not. Freely grazing cattle also became lame and died after profuse bleeding from the nose, mouth and ears. Local vets diagnosed poisoning, but were unable to pinpoint the source. Analysis of the soil revealed dieldrin levels so high that *** requested the Department of Agriculture to quarantine part of his farm. The dieldrin had leached from drums dumped at the Exeter tip, located in the water catchment upstream of his property. p 144/5 Quick Poison Slow Poison. Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country. 1994 Kate Short

1987 October: Family poisoned by spray drift. Pesticides detected: Chlorpyrifos, Dichlorvos

On October 12, 1987 the *** family were poisoned by OP insecticides chlorpyrifos and dichlorvis. The chemicals had drifted from a neighbouring avocado farm and caused a fog around their home for nearly one and a half hours. Samples of clothing, vegetation and water showed the presence of pesticide residues and the local doctor diagnosed pesticide poisoning of all five family members. She reported that the smell on the family's clothes and hair was nauseating.

The next day the council inspector came, followed a few days later by inspectors from the Queensland Health Department. During that time heavy rain had fallen. Samples of leaves, water from the tank and some of the children's clothing were taken and analysis revealed the presence of two OP insecticides. Environmental toxicologist Greg Miller later examined the site and the analyses conducted by the government laboratories. He concluded:

'It is clear... that members of the **** family have been exposed to organophosphate insecticides in quantities associated with either spray drift or contact with heavily contaminated surfaces, e.g. vegetation. Furthermore, their water supply has been contaminated by an organophosphate insecticide.

The Queensland Health Department charged the farmer responsible with a breach of the poisons regulations. Their prosecution rested on the claim that the farmer had discharged a poison onto private property without the owners consent. The defense claimed that the chemical was not discharged onto the Rushton's land but upon the farmers own land. They argued that it's fate after that, could not be covered by the meaning of 'discharge' as defined under Health Department regulations, since this involved the concept of intent.

The case was heard by a Nambour magistrate. Central to his judgement was the ruling on what constituted discharge of a poison upon a premise. He could not be said, be satisfied the Crown had established that the defendant did 'discharge' a poison upon the premise of a neighbour. In November 1989, the case was dismissed and the *** ordered to pay $2,071 of the defendant's legal costs.

No wonder so many Australian's believe the law is an ass!

p128/9 Quick Poison Slow Poison. Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country. Kate Short 1994

On October 12, 1987 the *** family were poisoned by OP insecticides chlorpyrifos and dichlorvis. The chemicals had drifted from a neighbouring avocado farm and caused a fog around their home for nearly one and a half hours. Samples of clothing, vegetation and water showed the presence of pesticide residues and the local doctor diagnosed pesticide poisoning of all five family members. She reported that the smell on the family’s clothes and hair was nauseating.

The next day the council inspector came, followed a few days later by inspectors from the Queensland Health Department. During that time heavy rain had fallen. Samples of leaves, water from the tank and some of the children’s clothing were taken and analysis revealed the presence of two OP insecticides. Environmental toxicologist Greg Miller later examined the site and the analyses conducted by the government laboratories. He concluded:

‘It is clear… that members of the **** family have been exposed to organophosphate insecticides in quantities associated with either spray drift or contact with heavily contaminated surfaces, e.g. vegetation. Furthermore, their water supply has been contaminated by an organophosphate insecticide.

The Queensland Health Department charged the farmer responsible with a breach of the poisons regulations. Their prosecution rested on the claim that the farmer had discharged a poison onto private property without the owners consent. The defense claimed that the chemical was not discharged onto the Rushton’s land but upon the farmers own land. They argued that it’s fate after that, could not be covered by the meaning of ‘discharge’ as defined under Health Department regulations, since this involved the concept of intent.

The case was heard by a Nambour magistrate. Central to his judgement was the ruling on what constituted discharge of a poison upon a premise. He could not be said, be satisfied the Crown had established that the defendant did ‘discharge’ a poison upon the premise of a neighbour. In November 1989, the case was dismissed and the *** ordered to pay $2,071 of the defendant’s legal costs.

No wonder so many Australian’s believe the law is an ass!

p128/9 Quick Poison Slow Poison. Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country. Kate Short 1994

1989: Blackall Range Independent School: Pesticide detected: 2,4-D

"... acceptable evidence to show that drift has occurred ... is often difficult to establish. A perfect example was the alleged spraying of the Blackall Range Independent School with 2,4-D. Although a number of children became ill, no evidence of the chemical was found in tests taken against the person concerned. To establish that drift has occurred it is usually necessary to know what chemical is being used and to have the test done as quickly as possible. Even then as in the case mentioned, testing can prove a futile exercise and can be difficult and costly to organise. Surely the evidence of 20 affected children treated by a doctor should have been sufficent evidence for the State Government to take some action. p128 Quick Poison Slow Poison. Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country. Kate Short 1994.

“… acceptable evidence to show that drift has occurred … is often difficult to establish. A perfect example was the alleged spraying of the Blackall Range Independent School with 2,4-D. Although a number of children became ill, no evidence of the chemical was found in tests taken against the person concerned. To establish that drift has occurred it is usually necessary to know what chemical is being used and to have the test done as quickly as possible. Even then as in the case mentioned, testing can prove a futile exercise and can be difficult and costly to organise. Surely the evidence of 20 affected children treated by a doctor should have been sufficent evidence for the State Government to take some action. p128 Quick Poison Slow Poison. Pesticide Risk in the Lucky Country. Kate Short 1994.

2006 February: Child dies from herbicide poisoning. Pesticide detected: Paraquat

February 2006: Latrobe Valley Express (17 April 2008)

A young child swallowed Spray Seed in February 2006, which was stored in an un-labelled pop-top container on the front porch of a house in Morwell. When he was rushed to the Latrobe Valley Hospital, the staff thought he had swallowed Roundup. He was treated for Roundup poisoning, not Paraquat. The Paraquat had been taken from an employer, Hazelwood Roses,  without the employers knowledge. The child died soon after.

With paraquat poisoning there is a two hour window, after which there is no known antidote or cure. A recommendation was also made that Spray Seed be listed as Paraquat so that people and authorities know exactly what they are dealing with.

https://www.lrh.com.au/home/newspublications/lrhinthenews/Toddler_Death_Finding_Releasedpgone.pdf

https://www.lrh.com.au/home/newspublications/lrhinthenews/Toddler_Death_Finding_Releasedpgtwo.pdf

February 2006: Latrobe Valley Express (17 April 2008)

A young child swallowed Spray Seed in February 2006, which was stored in an un-labelled pop-top container on the front porch of a house in Morwell. When he was rushed to the Latrobe Valley Hospital, the staff thought he had swallowed Roundup. He was treated for Roundup poisoning, not Paraquat. The Paraquat had been taken from an employer, Hazelwood Roses,  without the employers knowledge. The child died soon after.

With paraquat poisoning there is a two hour window, after which there is no known antidote or cure. A recommendation was also made that Spray Seed be listed as Paraquat so that people and authorities know exactly what they are dealing with.

https://www.lrh.com.au/home/newspublications/lrhinthenews/Toddler_Death_Finding_Releasedpgone.pdf

https://www.lrh.com.au/home/newspublications/lrhinthenews/Toddler_Death_Finding_Releasedpgtwo.pdf

1978 October: Birth deformities Sale, Yarram, Cairns. Pesticides: 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D

New Scientist 19 October 1978

Herbicides Under Suspicion in Australia – Brian Lee, Canberra

The herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T remain suspected by the Australian public of causing birth defects despite being cleared by two government inquiries. The inquiries were set up after what seemed like abnormally high numbers of babies born with deformities at Cairns in Northern Queensland and at Yarram some 2000 km to the south in Victoria. The herbicide 2,4,5-T is used extensively for spraying fields of sugar cane near Cairns, and use of both this herbicide and 2,4-D were suspected of causing the deformities at Yarram.

The federal National Health and Medical Research Council reported in June this year that it could find no substantial scientific evidence of a causal link between the use of 2,4,5-T and human birth defects. It also stated that “the use of 2,4-D is not producing any risk to human health”.

In its report, which was published late last month, the Victorian state government’s investigation into the birth defects at Yarram also failed to establish a statistical link between the use of 2,4,5-T and birth defects. However, no sooner had that report been published than a further group of birth deformities came to light at the Victorian town of Sale. In this case, four deformed babies were born at the same hospital between September and December last year. One had no brain, another spina bifida, the third underdeveloped internal organs, and the fourth a cleft palate. The mothers of all these babies lived in houses that faced a playing field that had been sprayed the previous January with a strong formulation of 2,4-D to control weeds. State Premier Dick Hamer announced last week that another inquiry will be held into these birth defects at Sale.

According to the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia uses almost 2000 tonnes of 2,4-D and 250-300 tonnes of 2,4,5-T each year. Implicating or clearing these herbicides of causing the birth defects will be particularly difficult. At both Yarram and Cairns the basic statistics needed to determine whether the respective clusters of birth defects truly constituted epidemics were apparently just not available. At Yarram birth deformities were found in about 8 per cent of births, while at Cairns the figure was 6 per cent.

New Scientist 19 October 1978

Herbicides Under Suspicion in Australia – Brian Lee, Canberra

The herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T remain suspected by the Australian public of causing birth defects despite being cleared by two government inquiries. The inquiries were set up after what seemed like abnormally high numbers of babies born with deformities at Cairns in Northern Queensland and at Yarram some 2000 km to the south in Victoria. The herbicide 2,4,5-T is used extensively for spraying fields of sugar cane near Cairns, and use of both this herbicide and 2,4-D were suspected of causing the deformities at Yarram.

The federal National Health and Medical Research Council reported in June this year that it could find no substantial scientific evidence of a causal link between the use of 2,4,5-T and human birth defects. It also stated that “the use of 2,4-D is not producing any risk to human health”.

In its report, which was published late last month, the Victorian state government’s investigation into the birth defects at Yarram also failed to establish a statistical link between the use of 2,4,5-T and birth defects. However, no sooner had that report been published than a further group of birth deformities came to light at the Victorian town of Sale. In this case, four deformed babies were born at the same hospital between September and December last year. One had no brain, another spina bifida, the third underdeveloped internal organs, and the fourth a cleft palate. The mothers of all these babies lived in houses that faced a playing field that had been sprayed the previous January with a strong formulation of 2,4-D to control weeds. State Premier Dick Hamer announced last week that another inquiry will be held into these birth defects at Sale.

According to the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia uses almost 2000 tonnes of 2,4-D and 250-300 tonnes of 2,4,5-T each year. Implicating or clearing these herbicides of causing the birth defects will be particularly difficult. At both Yarram and Cairns the basic statistics needed to determine whether the respective clusters of birth defects truly constituted epidemics were apparently just not available. At Yarram birth deformities were found in about 8 per cent of births, while at Cairns the figure was 6 per cent.

 

1970 April – 1970 July: Caboolture River. Pesticides: DDE, DDT

Caboolture River  (Department of Primary Industries Brisbane)

ug/g whole oyster meat

2/4/70

DDE 0.009, DDT 0.007

2/7/70

DDE 0.059

The Use of DDT in Australia - Australian Academy of Science February 1972

Caboolture River  (Department of Primary Industries Brisbane)

ug/g whole oyster meat

2/4/70

DDE 0.009, DDT 0.007

2/7/70

DDE 0.059

The Use of DDT in Australia – Australian Academy of Science February 1972

1970 April – 1970 October: Pine Rivers/Hayles Inlet. Pesticides: DDE, DDD, DDT

Pine Rivers/Hayles Inlet (Department of Primary Industries Brisbane)

ug/g whole oyster meat

2/4/70

DDE 0.009, DDD 0.023, DDT 0.012

2/7/70

DDE 0.016

8/10/70

DDE 0.021, DDD 0.017, DDT 0.04

The Use of DDT in Australia - Australian Academy of Science February 1972

Pine Rivers/Hayles Inlet (Department of Primary Industries Brisbane)

ug/g whole oyster meat

2/4/70

DDE 0.009, DDD 0.023, DDT 0.012

2/7/70

DDE 0.016

8/10/70

DDE 0.021, DDD 0.017, DDT 0.04

The Use of DDT in Australia – Australian Academy of Science February 1972