There have been two Australian projects which have attempted to eradicate troutfrom streams and this paper outlines the issues, methodology and lessons learntfrom both of these projects. The first project was conducted in Lees Creek in theAustralian Capital Territory and was designed as a trial to investigate the feasibilityof trout eradication using the ichthyocide rotenone, and to examine whether thenative fish mountain galaxias Galaxias olidus (Günther) would naturallyrecolonise the stream. The second project was conducted in the Goulburn Rivercatchment in Victoria and formed part of a recovery programme for the nationallythreatened fish barred galaxias Galaxias fuscus (Mack).