There have been two Australian projects which have attempted to eradicate trout from streams and this paper outlines the issues, methodology and lessons learnt from both of these projects. The first project was conducted in Lees Creek in the Australian Capital Territory and was designed as a trial to investigate the feasibility of trout eradication using the ichthyocide rotenone, and to examine whether the native fish mountain galaxias Galaxias olidus (Günther) would naturally recolonise the stream. The second project was conducted in the Goulburn River catchment in Victoria and formed part of a recovery programme for the nationally threatened fish barred galaxias Galaxias fuscus (Mack).